EP2924189A2 - Formwork girder - Google Patents
Formwork girder Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2924189A2 EP2924189A2 EP15000650.0A EP15000650A EP2924189A2 EP 2924189 A2 EP2924189 A2 EP 2924189A2 EP 15000650 A EP15000650 A EP 15000650A EP 2924189 A2 EP2924189 A2 EP 2924189A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- chord
- lattice girder
- belt
- struts
- stiffening elements
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003351 stiffener Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/107—Reinforcing elements therefor; Holders for the reinforcing elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
- E04C3/08—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with apertured web, e.g. with a web consisting of bar-like components; Honeycomb girders
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
- E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
- E04C2003/0408—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section
- E04C2003/0413—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section being built up from several parts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
- E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
- E04C2003/0443—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by substantial shape of the cross-section
- E04C2003/0452—H- or I-shaped
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
- E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
- E04C2003/0443—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by substantial shape of the cross-section
- E04C2003/046—L- or T-shaped
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
- E04C2003/0486—Truss like structures composed of separate truss elements
- E04C2003/0491—Truss like structures composed of separate truss elements the truss elements being located in one single surface or in several parallel surfaces
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
- E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
- E04C5/065—Light-weight girders, e.g. with precast parts
Definitions
- the invention relates to a lattice girder for reinforcement and expansion in tunnel, mining and shaft construction as well as for structural steel construction or the like according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
- Such lattice girders are many years on the market and 3-belt girder or 4-bar sold girder example, under the brand Pantex ®. Such lattice girders have been developed for the special requirements, in particular in tunneling and have been used in numerous drives so far. Such lattice girders are preferably fully integrated in the shotcrete shell in tunnel bores. The lattice girders securely support the vault. Settlements of the surrounding mountains are minimized and the water density of the shotcrete shell is increased.
- Pantex ® lattice girders are also used for immediate securing in the working area of the chest on the length of the foremost deductions.
- the invention has for its object to provide a lattice girder, which is formed more compact and stable at the same time.
- the distance between the at least two belt bars designed as upper belt or lower belt corresponds approximately to the cross section of the reinforcing elements.
- the stiffening elements are arranged in the plane defined by the distance between the at least two belt bars, connecting them together. This creates an extremely compact and at the same time stable lattice girder.
- the entire width of the lattice girder is minimal and is only twice the cross section of the upper chord or lower chord forming chord bars plus the simple cross section of the respective stiffening elements.
- the lattice girder according to the invention is many times narrower than conventional lattice girders, as mentioned in the introduction and, for example, also in US Pat DE 20 2012 103 456 U1 are described.
- the lattice girder according to the invention is very stable and has, in particular in the range of transverse or vertical stresses advantages over a pure 2-belt variant, as for example from the DE 202 05 133 U1 is known, and compared to the aforementioned 3-belt or 4-belt lattice girders.
- Such a lattice girder is also easier to calculate, in particular to design, since the stiffening elements lie exclusively in one plane.
- the handling and transport of such lattice girders is simplified since they occupy a significantly smaller volume than conventional 3-belt or 4-belt lattice girders.
- significantly more lattice girders can be accommodated per unit volume.
- the lattice girder may be designed as a 3-belt or as a 4-belt variant.
- upper belt and lower belt are formed from respectively at least two belt bars.
- the stiffening elements formed in only one level reduce the local kinks of the belt bars and ensure, in addition to a high normal and bending moment load, a secure transmission of the transverse forces even in the uninjected state.
- the stiffening elements are designed as straight, preferably obliquely extending upper flange and lower flange struts, wherein the straight struts between upper flange and lower flange preferably zigzagged.
- Such stiffening elements are easy to manufacture. Accordingly, such a stiffening elements exhibiting lattice girder is easy and inexpensive to produce. Such a lattice girder is therefore also inexpensive to produce, because the straight struts quickly connected to the belt bars, ie can be welded. Here are mainly short welds in appearance.
- the compactness of the lattice girder according to the invention can also be improved by arranging the one ends of the straight struts between the at least two chord members configured as upper chord and / or lower chord and preferably spaced from each other. This results in contrast to the cases where the stiffening elements are arranged only in the clear height between the upper and lower chord, a lattice girder with lower height, which also has a positive effect on the transport costs and the required height of the lattice girder in the shotcrete.
- the stiffening elements are at least partially formed as a bow-shaped struts preferably having a V-shaped structure, wherein the bow-shaped struts preferably each have at least one bend in its central portion and at their free ends in each case an angling.
- longer welds can be used because in the plane between the chord members in the longitudinal direction, a longer portion of the respective stiffening elements is arranged on the upper and lower chord.
- the stiffening elements are easy to manufacture and to process. It is here as in the training with straight struts also here ultimately identically designed stiffening elements, which can be produced inexpensively in mass.
- each bow-shaped strut between the at least two formed as Obergurt and / or Untergurt belt bars may be arranged, which in turn results in a low overall height of the lattice girder. As a result, the compactness of the lattice girder is further improved.
- the bow-shaped struts open with their V-shaped structure alternately to the top and bottom chord.
- the design of such a lattice girder is very stable, since the forces occurring can be particularly beneficial absorbed and derived.
- the free ends in the longitudinal direction of immediately adjacent bow-shaped struts in the vertical direction perpendicular to the upper flange and lower flange preferably overlap by 3 to 8 mm.
- the transverse stress of the lattice girder can be improved.
- the lattice girders constructed according to the invention have a lower weight and a higher resistance moment.
- the stiffeners are easier to manufacture and easier to weld.
- a simpler adaptation to different heights is possible.
- such lattice girders are easier to connect with each other.
- Fig. 1 is a lattice girder 1, the reinforcement in the tunnel, mining, shaft, structural steel or the like in a side view according to a first embodiment shown schematically.
- An inventive lattice girder has at least three strap bars, wherein in the Fig. 1 to 4 a lattice girder 1 with three girders 2, 3, 4 and in the Fig. 5 to 8 a lattice girder 1 with four girders 2 to 5 is shown. Of the at least three belt bars 2 to 5, at least two are formed as upper belt 6 or lower belt 7.
- the lattice girder 1 according to Fig. 1
- the upper strap 6 is formed by the strap bar 2 and the lower strap 7 by the two strap bars 3 and 4.
- the upper belt can be arranged on the mountain side and the lower belt on the tunnel side or vice versa.
- lattice girder 1 stiffening elements 10, which connect the strap bars 2 to 4 or 2 to 5 together.
- Fig. 2 shows a view of the lattice girder 1 according to Fig. 1 seen from the left. From this view, it can be seen that the distance 11 between the two belt bars 3 and 4 designed as a bottom flange 7 corresponds approximately to the cross section 12 of the stiffening elements 10. According to another embodiment, not shown in detail can be used in lattice with three girders instead of in Fig. 2 shown Untergurts 7 of the upper flange 6 may be formed with two strap bars.
- the stiffening elements 10 are arranged in that plane 13, which is defined by the distance 11, between the two belt bars 3 and 4, connecting them together. Overall, connect the stiffening elements 10 both the strap bars 3 and 4 together, which form the lower flange 7, as well as the Gurtstab 2, which forms the upper flange 6, with the Gurtstäben 3 and 4.
- upper chord 6 and lower chord 7 from at least two chord bars 2, 3 and 4, 5 may be formed.
- the stiffening elements 10 are according to the Fig. 1 and 5 as straight, to upper flange 6 and lower flange 7 preferably obliquely extending struts 14 are formed. As in the Fig. 1 and 5 shown by way of example, the straight struts 14 extend between the top flange 6 and bottom chord 7 in a zigzag shape.
- Each straight strut 14 has an end 15, which is arranged between the at least two belt straps 3 and 4 designed as a lower belt 7. It is clear that in cases where three chords do not have the lower chord, but the upper chord with two chords, the Fig. 1 upper end 16 of the straight struts between the two, the upper flange forming Gurtstreben is arranged. In the Fig. 1 to 4 only the embodiment is shown, in which the upper flange is formed by only one Gurtstab 2 and the lower flange 7 by two strap bars 3 and 4.
- Fig. 3 shows a side view of a portion of such a lattice girder, while Fig. 4 a section along the line IV-IV in Fig. 3 clarified.
- the stiffening elements 10 are formed as bow-shaped struts 17 with a V-shaped structure.
- these struts 17 in their central portion 20 each have at least one bend 21 and at their free ends 22, 23 each have an angled portion 24.
- the bow-shaped struts 17 with the belt bars 2, 3, 4 are welded.
- each bow-shaped strut 17 is arranged between the at least two trained as Obergurt 6 and / or lower flange 7 strap rods 2, 3, 4. As in Fig. 3 shown in more detail, open the bow-shaped struts 17 with their V-shaped structure alternately to the upper flange 6 and the lower flange 7 out.
- Fig. 7 indicates that the free ends 22, 23 overlap in the longitudinal direction immediately adjacent bow-shaped struts 17 in upright on upper flange 6 and lower flange 7 vertical direction 25.
- the overlapping area 26 is preferably 3 to 8 mm. Embodiments are also possible in which the free ends of adjacent struts do not overlap. The mutual distance or the overlap of adjacent struts depends on the required rigidity of the lattice girder.
- the overlapping region 26 is in the in Fig. 3 embodiment shown, but can also be realized there.
- Lattice girder 1 shown in two different embodiments, in which top chord 6 and bottom chord 7 are each composed of two chord bars 2, 5 and 3, 4.
- the upper belt 6 according to Fig. 6 is formed by two strap bars 2, 5 and the upper ends 16 of the straight struts 14 between the strap bars 2, 5 of the upper flange 6 are.
- Fig. 1 and 5 can also be seen that the ends 15 and 16 of adjacent straight struts 14 are spaced from each other by the dimension 27. This is for example 70 mm.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 shown embodiment of the lattice girder 1 of those of 3 and 4 with the exception that upper chord 6 and lower chord 7 in the FIGS. 7 and 8 in the form of pairs of strap bars 2, 5 and 3, 4 are formed.
- the free ends 22, 23 and the middle sections 20 with the bends 21 are arranged between those belt bars which form the upper belt 6 and the upper belt 7, respectively.
- the free ends 22, 23 and the middle portions 20 in the embodiment according to the 3 and 4 which are welded to the belt bar 2 of the upper flange 6, arranged below the Gurtstabes 2. This also results from a comparison of Fig. 4 and 8th ,
- the strap bars 2 to 5 may have a diameter of 16 to 40 mm, preferably 20 mm, and the stiffening elements 10 have a diameter of 10 to 40 mm, preferably 14 mm.
- the diameter of the strap bars may be 40 mm and that of the stiffening elements may be 20 mm.
- the total height of 30 in the FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrated lattice girder is exemplified 100, 120 or 145 mm, the length of the straight struts 120, 147 and 183 mm.
- the total height of 30 in the FIGS. 7 and 8 shown lattice girder is also exemplified 100, 120 or 145 mm.
- the total length of a bow-shaped strut 17 may be exemplified 320, 340 or 360 mm.
- the symmetry axes of immediately successive bow-shaped Struts 17 also exemplify 320, 340 or 360 mm.
- a lattice girder according to the invention it is also possible to form a lattice girder in such a way that it has both straight and bow-shaped, for example curved, struts and, to that extent, a combination of the example in FIGS Fig. 1 and 3 or in the Fig. 5 and 7 shown lattice girder represents.
- the individual lattice girders may be connected as in conventional expansion lugs or lattice girders, for example via angle steel or Keilbolzentagenen or a flat steel connection, as shown in the EP 1 921 251 B1 is described.
- the lattice girder according to the invention has a lower weight at higher strength (resistance moment). In particular, it is easy to calculate and design, as it extends only in one plane. For a lattice girder is created, which is formed more compact and stable than conventional lattice girders.
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- Civil Engineering (AREA)
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Gitterträger (1) für Bewehrung und Ausbau im Tunnel-, Berg- und Schachtbau sowie für den konstruktiven Stahlbau oder dergleichen, mit mindestens drei Gurtstäben (2,3,4,5), von denen wenigstens zwei (2,5;3,4) als Obergurt (6) oder Untergurt (7) ausgebildet sind, und die Gurtstäbe (2 bis 5) miteinander verbindenden Aussteifungselementen (10), wobei der Abstand (11) zwischen den wenigstens zwei als Obergurt oder Untergurt ausgebildeten Gurtstäben etwa dem Querschnitt (12) der Aussteifungselemente entspricht und die Aussteifungselemente in der durch den Abstand festgelegten Ebene (13) zwischen den wenigstens zwei Gurtstäben, diese miteinander verbindend, angeordnet sind.The present invention relates to a lattice girder (1) for reinforcement and expansion in tunnel, mining and shaft construction as well as for structural steel construction or the like, with at least three girder rods (2, 3, 4, 5), of which at least two (2, 5, 3, 4) are formed as upper belt (6) or lower belt (7), and the belt bars (2 to 5) interconnecting reinforcing elements (10), the distance (11) between the at least two belt bars formed as Obergurt or Untergurt approximately corresponding to the cross section (12) of the stiffening elements and the stiffening elements in the plane defined by the distance (13) between the at least two belt bars, these interconnecting, are arranged.
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Gitterträger für Bewehrung und Ausbau im Tunnel-, Berg- und Schachtbau sowie für den konstruktiven Stahlbau oder dergleichen nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a lattice girder for reinforcement and expansion in tunnel, mining and shaft construction as well as for structural steel construction or the like according to the preamble of
Derartige Gitterträger sind seit Jahren auf dem Markt und werden beispielsweise unter der Marke Pantex® 3-Gurt Gitterträger oder 4-Gurt Gitterträger vertrieben. Derartige Gitterträger wurden für die besonderen Anforderungen insbesondere im Tunnelbau entwickelt und bisher in zahlreichen Vortrieben eingesetzt. Vorzugsweise werden solche Gitterträger in Tunnelvortrieben voll in die Spritzbetonschale integriert. Dabei stützen die Gitterträger das Gewölbe sicher ab. Setzungen des umgebenden Gebirges werden minimiert, und die Wasserdichte der Spritzbetonschale wird erhöht.Such lattice girders are many years on the market and 3-belt girder or 4-bar sold girder example, under the brand Pantex ®. Such lattice girders have been developed for the special requirements, in particular in tunneling and have been used in numerous drives so far. Such lattice girders are preferably fully integrated in the shotcrete shell in tunnel bores. The lattice girders securely support the vault. Settlements of the surrounding mountains are minimized and the water density of the shotcrete shell is increased.
Derartige Pantex® Gitterträger dienen auch der Sofortsicherung im Ortsbrustbereich auf der Länge der vordersten Abschläge.Such Pantex ® lattice girders are also used for immediate securing in the working area of the chest on the length of the foremost deductions.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Gitterträger zu schaffen, welcher kompakter und gleichzeitig stabil ausgebildet ist.The invention has for its object to provide a lattice girder, which is formed more compact and stable at the same time.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch einen Gitterträger mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by a lattice girder with the features of
Dazu entspricht der Abstand zwischen den wenigstens zwei als Obergurt oder Untergurt ausgebildeten Gurtstäben etwa dem Querschnitt der Aussteifungselemente. Zusätzlich sind die Aussteifungselemente in der durch den Abstand festgelegten Ebene zwischen den wenigstens zwei Gurtstäben, diese miteinander verbindend, angeordnet. Dadurch entsteht ein äußerst kompakter und gleichzeitig stabiler Gitterträger. Die gesamte Breite des Gitterträgers ist minimal und beträgt lediglich den zweifachen Querschnitt der Obergurt- bzw. Untergurt bildenden Gurtstäbe zuzüglich des einfachen Querschnitts der jeweiligen Aussteifungselemente. Insofern ist der erfindungsgemäße Gitterträger um ein Vielfaches schmaler als herkömmliche Gitterträger, wie sie eingangs erwähnt und beispielsweise auch in der
Vorteilhafterweise kann der Gitterträger als 3-Gurt oder als 4-Gurt Variante ausgebildet sein. Im letztgenannten Fall sind dann Obergurt und Untergurt aus jeweils wenigstens zwei Gurtstäben gebildet. Die in lediglich einer Ebene ausgebildeten Aussteifungselemente reduzieren die lokalen Knickstellen der Gurtstäbe und gewährleisten neben einer hohen Normal- und Biegemomentenbeanspruchung eine sichere Übertragung der Querkräfte auch im nicht eingespritzten Zustand.Advantageously, the lattice girder may be designed as a 3-belt or as a 4-belt variant. In the latter case, upper belt and lower belt are formed from respectively at least two belt bars. The stiffening elements formed in only one level reduce the local kinks of the belt bars and ensure, in addition to a high normal and bending moment load, a secure transmission of the transverse forces even in the uninjected state.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung sind die Aussteifungselemente als gerade, zu Obergurt und Untergurt vorzugsweise schräg verlaufende Streben ausgebildet, wobei die geraden Streben zwischen Obergurt und Untergurt vorzugsweise zickzackförmig verlaufen. Derartige Aussteifungselemente sind einfach herzustellen. Entsprechend ist ein derartige Aussteifungselemente aufweisender Gitterträger einfach und kostengünstig zu produzieren. Ein solcher Gitterträger ist auch deshalb kostengünstig herzustellen, weil die geraden Streben schnell mit dem Gurtstäben verbunden, d.h. verschweißt werden können. Hier treten vorwiegend kurze Schweißnähte in Erscheinung.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the stiffening elements are designed as straight, preferably obliquely extending upper flange and lower flange struts, wherein the straight struts between upper flange and lower flange preferably zigzagged. Such stiffening elements are easy to manufacture. Accordingly, such a stiffening elements exhibiting lattice girder is easy and inexpensive to produce. Such a lattice girder is therefore also inexpensive to produce, because the straight struts quickly connected to the belt bars, ie can be welded. Here are mainly short welds in appearance.
Die Kompaktheit des erfindungsgemäßen Gitterträgers kann auch dadurch verbessert werden, dass die einen Enden der geraden Streben zwischen den wenigstens zwei als Obergurt und/oder Untergurt ausgebildeten Gurtstäben angeordnet und vorzugsweise voneinander beabstandet sind. Dadurch entsteht anders als in den Fällen, wo die Aussteifungselemente ausschließlich in der lichten Höhe zwischen Ober- und Untergurt angeordnet sind, ein Gitterträger mit geringerer Höhe, was sich ebenfalls positiv auf die Transportkosten und auf die im Spritzbeton erforderliche Höhe des Gitterträgers auswirkt.The compactness of the lattice girder according to the invention can also be improved by arranging the one ends of the straight struts between the at least two chord members configured as upper chord and / or lower chord and preferably spaced from each other. This results in contrast to the cases where the stiffening elements are arranged only in the clear height between the upper and lower chord, a lattice girder with lower height, which also has a positive effect on the transport costs and the required height of the lattice girder in the shotcrete.
Gemäß einer anderen Weiterbildung der Erfindung sind die Aussteifungselemente zumindest teilweise als bügelförmige Streben vorzugsweise mit V-förmiger Struktur ausgebildet, wobei die bügelförmigen Streben vorzugsweise in ihrem Mittelabschnitt jeweils wenigstens eine Biegung und an ihren freien Enden jeweils eine Abwinklung aufweisen. Bei dieser Weiterbildung können längere Schweißnähte zum Einsatz kommen, da in der Ebene zwischen den Gurtstäben in Längsrichtung ein längerer Abschnitt der jeweiligen Aussteifungselemente am Ober- bzw. Untergurt angeordnet ist. Auch bei dieser Weiterbildung sind die Aussteifungselemente leicht zu fertigen und zu verarbeiten. Es handelt sich wie bei der Weiterbildung mit geraden Streben auch hier letztlich um identisch ausgebildete Aussteifungselemente, welche kostengünstig in Masse produziert werden können.According to another embodiment of the invention, the stiffening elements are at least partially formed as a bow-shaped struts preferably having a V-shaped structure, wherein the bow-shaped struts preferably each have at least one bend in its central portion and at their free ends in each case an angling. In this development, longer welds can be used because in the plane between the chord members in the longitudinal direction, a longer portion of the respective stiffening elements is arranged on the upper and lower chord. Also in this development, the stiffening elements are easy to manufacture and to process. It is here as in the training with straight struts also here ultimately identically designed stiffening elements, which can be produced inexpensively in mass.
Auch bei dieser Variante können die freien Enden und/oder der Mittelabschnitt jeder bügelförmigen Strebe zwischen den wenigstens zwei als Obergurt und/oder Untergurt ausgebildeten Gurtstäben angeordnet sein, wodurch sich wiederum eine geringe Bauhöhe des Gitterträgers ergibt. Dadurch wird die Kompaktheit des Gitterträgers weiter verbessert.Also in this variant, the free ends and / or the central portion of each bow-shaped strut between the at least two formed as Obergurt and / or Untergurt belt bars may be arranged, which in turn results in a low overall height of the lattice girder. As a result, the compactness of the lattice girder is further improved.
Gemäß einer anderen Weiterbildung der Erfindung öffnen sich die bügelförmigen Streben mit ihrer V-förmigen Struktur abwechselnd zum Obergurt bzw. zum Untergurt hin. Die Bauweise eines solchen Gitterträgers ist sehr stabil, da die auftretenden Kräfte besonders günstig aufgenommen und abgeleitet werden können.According to another embodiment of the invention, the bow-shaped struts open with their V-shaped structure alternately to the top and bottom chord. The design of such a lattice girder is very stable, since the forces occurring can be particularly beneficial absorbed and derived.
Vorteilhafterweise überlappen sich die freien Enden in Längsrichtung unmittelbar benachbarter bügelförmiger Streben in auf Obergurt und Untergurt senkrecht stehender Vertikalrichtung vorzugsweise um 3 bis 8 mm. Dadurch kann die Querbeanspruchung des Gitterträgers verbessert werden.Advantageously, the free ends in the longitudinal direction of immediately adjacent bow-shaped struts in the vertical direction perpendicular to the upper flange and lower flange preferably overlap by 3 to 8 mm. As a result, the transverse stress of the lattice girder can be improved.
Insgesamt weisen die erfindungsgemäß aufgebauten Gitterträger ein geringeres Gewicht und ein höheres Widerstandsmoment auf. Die Aussteifungselemente sind einfacher herzustellen und einfacher zu schweißen. Ferner ist eine einfachere Anpassung an verschiedene Bauhöhen möglich. Außerdem sind solche Gitterträger einfacher miteinander zu verbinden.Overall, the lattice girders constructed according to the invention have a lower weight and a higher resistance moment. The stiffeners are easier to manufacture and easier to weld. Furthermore, a simpler adaptation to different heights is possible. In addition, such lattice girders are easier to connect with each other.
Ausführungsbeispiele des Erfindungsgegenstandes werden nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert, wobei alle beschriebenen und/oder bildlich dargestellten Merkmale für sich oder in beliebiger Kombination den Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung unabhängig von ihrer Zusammenfassung in den Ansprüchen oder deren Rückbeziehung bilden. Es zeigen:
-
Fig. 1 eine Seitenansicht eines Gitterträgers mit drei Gurtstäben gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform; -
Fig. 2 eine Ansicht des Gitterträgers gemäßFig. 1 von links gesehen; -
Fig. 3 eine Seitenansicht eines Gitterträgers mit drei Gurtstäben gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsform; -
Fig. 4 einen Schnitt entlang der Linie IV-IV durch den Gitterträger gemäßFig. 3 ; -
Fig. 5 eine Seitenansicht eines Gitterträgers mit vier Gurtstäben gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform; -
Fig. 6 eine Ansicht des Gitterträgers gemäßFig. 5 von links gesehen; -
Fig. 7 eine Seitenansicht eines Gitterträgers mit vier Gurtstäben gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsform; und -
Fig. 8 einen Schnitt entlang der Linie VIII-VIII durch den Gitterträger gemäßFig. 7 .
-
Fig. 1 a side view of a lattice girder with three chord members according to a first embodiment; -
Fig. 2 a view of the lattice girder according toFig. 1 seen from the left; -
Fig. 3 a side view of a lattice girder with three chord members according to a second embodiment; -
Fig. 4 a section along the line IV-IV through the lattice girder according toFig. 3 ; -
Fig. 5 a side view of a lattice girder with four strap bars according to a first embodiment; -
Fig. 6 a view of the lattice girder according toFig. 5 seen from the left; -
Fig. 7 a side view of a lattice girder with four belt bars according to a second embodiment; and -
Fig. 8 a section along the line VIII-VIII through the lattice girder according toFig. 7 ,
In
Ein erfindungsgemäßer Gitterträger hat mindestens drei Gurtstäbe, wobei in den
Der Gitterträger 1 gemäß
Ferner hat der Gitterträger 1 Aussteifungselemente 10, welche die Gurtstäbe 2 bis 4 bzw. 2 bis 5 miteinander verbinden.Furthermore, the
Die Aussteifungselemente 10 sind in derjenigen Ebene 13, welche durch den Abstand 11 festgelegt ist, zwischen den zwei Gurtstäben 3 und 4, diese miteinander verbindend, angeordnet. Insgesamt gesehen verbinden die Aussteifungselemente 10 sowohl die Gurtstäbe 3 und 4 miteinander, welche den Untergurt 7 bilden, als auch den Gurtstab 2, welcher den Obergurt 6 bildet, mit den Gurtstäben 3 und 4.The
Wie zuvor erwähnt, können gemäß einer anderen Ausführungsform, welche in den
Die Aussteifungselemente 10 sind gemäß dem
Jede gerade Strebe 14 hat ein Ende 15, welches zwischen den wenigstens zwei als Untergurt 7 ausgebildeten Gurtstäben 3 und 4 angeordnet ist. Es ist klar, dass in den Fällen, in denen bei drei Gurtstäben nicht der Untergurt, sondern der Obergurt mit zwei Gurtstäben ausgebildet ist, das in
In den
Gemäß
Die freien Enden 22, 23 mit den Abwinklungen 24 und/oder Mittelabschnitt 20 jeder bügelförmigen Strebe 17 sind zwischen den wenigstens zwei als Obergurt 6 und/oder Untergurt 7 ausgebildeten Gurtstäben 2, 3, 4 angeordnet. Wie in
Der überlappende Bereich 26 ist in der in
Wie zuvor bereits angedeutet, sind in den
Bei der Ausführungsform gemäß den
Insofern entspricht die in den
Den
Ferner entspricht die in den
Gemäß einer beispielhaften Ausführungsform können die Gurtstäbe 2 bis 5 einen Durchmesser von 16 bis 40 mm, vorzugsweise von 20 mm, und die Aussteifungselemente 10 einen Durchmesser von 10 bis 40 mm, vorzugsweise von 14 mm, haben. Gemäß einer anderen beispielhaften Ausführungsform kann der Durchmesser der Gurtstäbe 40 mm und derjenige der Aussteifungselemente 20 mm betragen.According to an exemplary embodiment, the strap bars 2 to 5 may have a diameter of 16 to 40 mm, preferably 20 mm, and the
Die Gesamthöhe 30 des in den
Es ist auch möglich, einen erfindungsgemäßen Gitterträger so auszubilden, dass dieser sowohl gerade als auch bügelförmige, z.B. gebogene Streben aufweist und insofern eine Kombination der beispielhaft in den
Claims (10)
mit mindestens drei Gurtstäben (2, 3, 4, 5), von denen wenigstens zwei (2, 5; 3, 4) als Obergurt (6) oder Untergurt (7) ausgebildet sind, und
die Gurtstäbe (2 bis 5) miteinander verbindenden Aussteifungselementen (10),
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der Abstand (11) zwischen den wenigstens zwei (2, 5; 3, 4) als Obergurt (6) oder Untergurt (7) ausgebildeten Gurtstäben (2 bis 5) etwa dem Querschnitt (12) der Aussteifungselemente (10) entspricht und
die Aussteifungselemente (10) in der durch den Abstand (11) festgelegten Ebene (13) zwischen den wenigstens zwei Gurtstäben (2, 5; 3, 4), diese miteinander verbindend, angeordnet sind.Lattice girder for reinforcement and expansion in tunnel, mine and shaft construction as well as for structural steel construction or the like,
with at least three belt bars (2, 3, 4, 5), of which at least two (2, 5, 3, 4) are designed as upper belt (6) or lower belt (7), and
the belt bars (2 to 5) interconnecting stiffening elements (10),
characterized in that
the spacing (11) between the at least two (2, 5; 3, 4) upper strap (6) or lower strap (7) formed chord members (2 to 5) corresponds approximately to the cross section (12) of the stiffening elements (10) and
the stiffening elements (10) are arranged in the plane (13) defined by the distance (11) between the at least two belt bars (2, 5; 3, 4) connecting them to one another.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE202014002499.5U DE202014002499U1 (en) | 2014-03-20 | 2014-03-20 | girder |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2924189A2 true EP2924189A2 (en) | 2015-09-30 |
EP2924189A3 EP2924189A3 (en) | 2016-07-20 |
Family
ID=50679345
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP15000650.0A Withdrawn EP2924189A3 (en) | 2014-03-20 | 2015-03-05 | Formwork girder |
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EP (1) | EP2924189A3 (en) |
DE (1) | DE202014002499U1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109537473A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-03-29 | 佛山科学技术学院 | A kind of large span truss bridge cantilever dress temporary reinforcing device |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3430212B1 (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2021-05-05 | Andrew Thornton | Structural member having paired flanges and web |
CA2974679A1 (en) | 2016-07-28 | 2018-01-28 | Cole David Kazuyuki Turner | Integrated structural member |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE20205133U1 (en) | 2002-04-03 | 2002-07-25 | Bochumer Eisenhütte Heintzmann GmbH & Co. KG, 44793 Bochum | Lattice girders for the reinforcement of concrete structures |
EP1921251B1 (en) | 2006-11-08 | 2009-08-12 | Tunnel-Ausbau-Technik GmbH | Device for mutual connection of the long ends of at least two formwork girders used in tunnel construction |
DE202012103456U1 (en) | 2012-09-11 | 2012-09-28 | Bochumer Eisenhütte Heintzmann GmbH & Co. KG | girder |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2668606A (en) * | 1948-06-09 | 1954-02-09 | Jacksonville Steel Company | Fabricated steel beam |
DE822155C (en) * | 1948-10-05 | 1951-11-22 | Ernst Cvikl | Welded lattice girder made of round steel, in particular ceiling girders |
GB1479468A (en) * | 1974-10-30 | 1977-07-13 | Tinsley Wire Ind Ltd | Tunnels and shafts |
US4253210A (en) * | 1979-09-10 | 1981-03-03 | Andre Racicot | Metal truss structure |
DE3304843C1 (en) * | 1983-02-12 | 1984-06-28 | Tunnel Ausbau Technik GmbH, 8036 Herrsching | Calotte foot beam designed as a lattice girder |
US4836436A (en) * | 1987-08-17 | 1989-06-06 | Gerald McDonald | Method of manufacturing a fabricated open web steel joist |
KR100924470B1 (en) * | 2009-04-16 | 2009-11-03 | 주식회사 캬라반이에스 | Assembly type H-beam with trus connection structure |
DE202012103457U1 (en) * | 2012-09-11 | 2012-09-28 | Bochumer Eisenhütte Heintzmann GmbH & Co. KG | girder |
-
2014
- 2014-03-20 DE DE202014002499.5U patent/DE202014002499U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2015
- 2015-03-05 EP EP15000650.0A patent/EP2924189A3/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE20205133U1 (en) | 2002-04-03 | 2002-07-25 | Bochumer Eisenhütte Heintzmann GmbH & Co. KG, 44793 Bochum | Lattice girders for the reinforcement of concrete structures |
EP1921251B1 (en) | 2006-11-08 | 2009-08-12 | Tunnel-Ausbau-Technik GmbH | Device for mutual connection of the long ends of at least two formwork girders used in tunnel construction |
DE202012103456U1 (en) | 2012-09-11 | 2012-09-28 | Bochumer Eisenhütte Heintzmann GmbH & Co. KG | girder |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109537473A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-03-29 | 佛山科学技术学院 | A kind of large span truss bridge cantilever dress temporary reinforcing device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE202014002499U1 (en) | 2014-04-17 |
EP2924189A3 (en) | 2016-07-20 |
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