EP2922613A1 - Apparatus for gas scrubbing - Google Patents

Apparatus for gas scrubbing

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Publication number
EP2922613A1
EP2922613A1 EP13783539.3A EP13783539A EP2922613A1 EP 2922613 A1 EP2922613 A1 EP 2922613A1 EP 13783539 A EP13783539 A EP 13783539A EP 2922613 A1 EP2922613 A1 EP 2922613A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid
gas
stage
cooling stage
scrubbing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13783539.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jan SCHÖNEBERGER
Holger Thielert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
Original Assignee
ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG filed Critical ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
Publication of EP2922613A1 publication Critical patent/EP2922613A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/04—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material using washing fluids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
    • B01D53/1475—Removing carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/18—Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/18—Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
    • B01D53/185—Liquid distributors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
    • B01D2252/20—Organic absorbents
    • B01D2252/204—Amines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/32—Direct CO2 mitigation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an apparatus for gas scrubbing, in particular for the separation of CO 2 from flue gas by means of an amine scrubbing.
  • an after-scrubber downstream of an absorber for separating a gas component from a gas stream in order to deplete a volatile component of the scrubbing liquid transferred from the purified gas stream into the gas stream.
  • the afterwash serves for amine recycling.
  • the post-scrubber can be arranged as a column section at the head of the absorber.
  • the apparatus is often preceded by a flue gas cooler, in which the gas stream to be purified is cooled by exposure to a liquid. When using a suitable liquid, the direct cooling can be combined with a prewash of the gas stream.
  • the flue gas cooler is connected upstream as a separate apparatus to the absorber and connected by a pipe to the absorber.
  • a fan for conveying the gas stream can be arranged between the flue gas cooler and the absorber or in the flow direction behind the absorber.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an apparatus for gas scrubbing, which is characterized by a small footprint and low investment costs.
  • the apparatus should also be suitable for amine washing of the gas to be purified.
  • the object of the invention and solution of this object is an apparatus for gas scrubbing according to claim 1.
  • the apparatus comprises a cooling stage for direct cooling and prewashing of a gas stream entering the apparatus by means of a liquid supplied to the cooling stage, an absorption stage for separating at least one gas component from the gas stream by means of a washing liquid supplied to the absorption stage and a post-scrubber for depleting at least one volatile component Washing liquid from the purified gas stream, wherein the cooling stage, the absorption stage and the after-scrubber are arranged one above the other and connected to a scrubbing tower.
  • the apparatus according to the invention requires a small set-up area which is essentially determined by the base area of the cooling stage.
  • the piping system for guiding the gas flow can be considerably simplified. It has an advantageous effect on the investment costs as well as the gas-side pressure loss.
  • the absorption stage preferably has column internals to increase the exchange area for mass transfer between the gas stream and the scrubbing liquid.
  • Column bodies, structured packings and transfer trays are suitable as column internals.
  • a separating tray for discharging the washing liquid is provided between the absorption stage and the cooling stage, wherein the separating tray has openings for a passage of the gas stream.
  • the separating tray may be formed, for example, as a bell bottom or valve bottom.
  • a different liquid can be used than in the absorption stage.
  • the cooling stage may in particular be designed as a spraying apparatus which has a plurality of spray nozzles and a liquid sump with an outlet for discharging the liquid.
  • the cooling stage has a gas inlet with at least one jet pump, wherein the jet pump, the liquid for the cooling stage as a driving medium can be fed and the steel pump promotes the gas flow.
  • the liquid used for the direct cooling of the incoming gas stream produces a pressure drop in the gas inlet of the cooling stage which draws in the gas stream.
  • the jet pump can replace a blower to promote the gas flow or support the gas delivery by a blower.
  • the jet pump is expediently arranged in an upper section of the cooling stage, wherein the flow direction of a gas / liquid mixture emerging from the jet pump is directed vertically or obliquely downward into the container space of the cooling stage.
  • the jet pump can be designed in particular as a venturi scrubber, which by means of
  • a fan for conveying the gas stream is arranged at the top of the washing tower.
  • the arrangement of the fan at the top of the wash tower makes it possible to flexibly adapt a connection piping for the discharge of the purified gas to the local conditions and in many cases also to simplify. Also, the space requirement of the apparatus can be further reduced.
  • the after-scrubber can be designed for a lower liquid throughput than the absorption stage.
  • the gas-flow cross-section of the post-scrubber is smaller than the cross-section required for the absorption stage.
  • a scrubber comprehensive section of the scrubbing tower and the absorption stage can be directly connected to each other on the gas side. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the liquid from the final scrubber without derivation from the wash tower of the absorption stage can be fed directly.
  • the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 for gas scrubbing is used for example for the separation of CO 2 from flue gas.
  • the apparatus includes a
  • Cooling stage 1 for direct cooling and prewashing of a gas stream 2 entering the apparatus by means of a liquid supplied to the cooling stage 1, an absorption stage 4 for separating at least one gas component from the gas stream by means of a washing liquid 5 fed to the absorption stage and a post-scrubber 6 for depleting at least one volatile one Component of the scrubbing liquid from the purified gas stream 7.
  • the cooling stage 1, the absorption stage 4 and the post-scrubber 6 are arranged one above the other and connected to a scrubbing tower 8.
  • the absorption stage 4 preferably contains column internals to increase the exchange surface for a mass transfer between the gas stream 2 and the washing liquid 5, wherein the column internals of packing, structured packages or exchange trays can exist.
  • a separating tray 9 is provided for discharging the washing liquid.
  • the separating tray 9 contains openings 10 for a passage of the gas stream and may be designed, for example, as a bell bottom or valve bottom.
  • the absorption stage 4 and the cooling stage 1 can be assigned to different fluid circuits.
  • the cooling stage 1 and the absorption stage 4 can also be operated with the same washing liquid.
  • the after-scrubber 6 is designed for a lower liquid flow rate than the absorption stage 4 and consists of a column section, which has a smaller flow cross-section than the absorption stage 4. Also in the after-scrubber 6 flow internals to improve the mass transfer between the gas and liquid phase can be provided.
  • the liquid from the after-scrubber 6 can be fed directly without discharge from the scrubbing tower 8 of the absorption stage 4.
  • the cooling stage 1 of the scrubbing tower 8 is formed as a spray apparatus having a plurality of spray nozzles and a liquid sump with an outlet for discharging the liquid.
  • the gas to be cleaned flows through the cooling stage 1 in countercurrent to the liquid supplied by the spray nozzles.
  • the cooling stage may also contain packages, packing and the like.
  • the cooling stage 1 has a gas inlet with at least one jet pump 1 1, wherein the jet pump, the liquid 3 for the cooling stage 1 as a driving medium can be fed.
  • the jet pump 1 1 causes a pressure drop in the gas inlet and promotes the gas flow.
  • the jet pump 1 1 is arranged at an upper portion of the cooling stage 1, so that the flow direction of a gas / liquid mixture emerging from the jet pump is directed vertically or obliquely downward into the container space of the cooling stage 1.
  • the jet pump 1 1 may be formed in particular as a Venturi nozzle. Due to the intensive mixing of gas 2 and liquid 3 causes the Venturi nozzle a good cooling of the gas stream in conjunction with a prewash.
  • FIG. 1 Due to the intensive mixing of gas 2 and liquid 3 causes the Venturi nozzle a good cooling of the gas stream in conjunction with a prewash.
  • a fan 12 for conveying the gas stream 7 is arranged at the top of the washing tower 8.
  • a connection piping for the discharge of the purified gas stream 7 can be flexibly adapted to the local conditions and simplified in many cases.
  • the apparatus shown in the figures can be used for gas scrubbing and in particular for amine scrubbing CO 2 -containing gases.
  • an amine wash an amine solution is used as the washing liquid.

Abstract

The invention relates to an apparatus for gas scrubbing, in particular for removing CO2 from flue gas by means of amine scrubbing. The apparatus comprises a cooling stage (1) for directly cooling and for pre-scrubbing a gas flow (2) entering the apparatus by means of a liquid (3) fed to the cooling stage, an absorption stage (4) for removing at least one gas component from the gas flow (2) by means of a scrubbing liquid (5) fed to the absorption stage (4), and a post-scrubber (6) for depleting at least one volatile component of the scrubbing liquid (5) from the cleaned gas flow (7). According to the invention, the cooling stage (1), the absorption stage (4), and the post-scrubber (6) are arranged one above the other and connected to form a washing tower (8).

Description

Apparat zur Gaswäsche  Apparatus for gas scrubbing
Beschreibung: Description:
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Apparat zur Gaswäsche, insbesondere zur Abtrennung von CO2 aus Rauchgas mittels einer Aminwäsche. The invention relates to an apparatus for gas scrubbing, in particular for the separation of CO 2 from flue gas by means of an amine scrubbing.
Es ist bekannt, einem Absorber zur Abtrennung einer Gaskomponente aus einem Gasstrom einen Nachwäscher nachzuschalten, um eine in den Gasstrom übergegangene flüchtige Komponente der Waschflüssigkeit aus dem gereinigten Gasstrom abzureichern. Im Falle einer Aminwäsche dient die Nachwäsche der Aminrückführung. Der Nachwäscher kann als Kolonnenabschnitt am Kopf des Absorbers angeordnet sein. Dem Apparat ist oft ein Rauchgaskühler vorgeschaltet, in dem der zu reinigende Gasstrom durch Beaufschlagung mit einer Flüssigkeit gekühlt wird. Bei Verwendung einer geeigneten Flüssigkeit kann die Direktkühlung mit einer Vorwäsche des Gasstromes verbunden werden. Im Rahmen der bekannten Maßnahmen ist der Rauchgaskühler als separater Apparat dem Absorber vorgeschaltet und durch eine Rohrleitung mit dem Absorber verbunden. Ein Gebläse zur Förderung des Gasstromes kann zwischen dem Rauchgaskühler und dem Absorber oder in Strömungsrichtung hinter dem Absorber angeordnet werden. It is known to connect an after-scrubber downstream of an absorber for separating a gas component from a gas stream in order to deplete a volatile component of the scrubbing liquid transferred from the purified gas stream into the gas stream. In the case of amine scrubbing, the afterwash serves for amine recycling. The post-scrubber can be arranged as a column section at the head of the absorber. The apparatus is often preceded by a flue gas cooler, in which the gas stream to be purified is cooled by exposure to a liquid. When using a suitable liquid, the direct cooling can be combined with a prewash of the gas stream. As part of the known measures, the flue gas cooler is connected upstream as a separate apparatus to the absorber and connected by a pipe to the absorber. A fan for conveying the gas stream can be arranged between the flue gas cooler and the absorber or in the flow direction behind the absorber.
In bereits bestehenden Gasreinigungsanlagen, deren Gasreinigungskapazität durch einen weiteren oder leistungsstärkeren Apparat zur Gaswäsche erweitert werden soll, ist häufig kein ausreichender Platz für die Aufstellung eines weiteren Rauchgaskühlers und der dazugehörenden Verrohrung vorhanden. Der separate Rauchgaskühler sowie die dazugehörende Verrohrung tragen in beachtlichem Maße auch zu den Investitionskosten des Apparates bei. In already existing gas purification plants whose gas purification capacity is to be extended by another or more powerful apparatus for gas scrubbing, there is often insufficient space for the installation of another flue gas cooler and the associated piping available. The separate flue gas cooler and the associated piping contribute to a considerable extent to the investment costs of the apparatus.
Vor diesem Hintergrund liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Apparat zur Gaswäsche anzugeben, der sich durch einen geringen Platzbedarf und geringe Investitionskosten auszeichnet. Insbesondere soll der Apparat auch für eine Aminwäsche des zu reinigenden Gases geeignet sein. Against this background, the invention has for its object to provide an apparatus for gas scrubbing, which is characterized by a small footprint and low investment costs. In particular, the apparatus should also be suitable for amine washing of the gas to be purified.
Gegenstand der Erfindung und Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist ein Apparat zur Gaswäsche nach Anspruch 1 . The object of the invention and solution of this object is an apparatus for gas scrubbing according to claim 1.
Der Apparat umfasst erfindungsgemäß eine Kühlstufe zur Direktkühlung und zur Vorwäsche eines in den Apparat eintretenden Gasstromes mittels einer der Kühlstufe zugeführten Flüssigkeit, eine Absorptionsstufe zur Abtrennung mindestens einer Gaskomponente aus dem Gasstrom mittels einer der Absorptionsstufe zugeführten Waschflüssigkeit und einen Nachwäscher zur Abreicherung zumindest einer flüchtigen Komponente der Waschflüssigkeit aus dem gereinigten Gasstrom, wobei die Kühlstufe, die Absorptionsstufe und der Nachwäscher übereinander angeordnet und zu einem Waschturm verbunden sind. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Integration sämtlicher Waschstufen in einem Waschturm erfordert der erfindungsgemäße Apparat eine geringe Aufstellfläche, die im Wesentlichen durch die Grundfläche der Kühlstufe bestimmt ist. Das Rohrleitungssystem zur Führung des Gasstromes kann erheblich vereinfacht werden. Es wirkt sich vorteilhaft auf die Investitionskosten sowie auch den gasseitigen Druckverlust aus. According to the invention, the apparatus comprises a cooling stage for direct cooling and prewashing of a gas stream entering the apparatus by means of a liquid supplied to the cooling stage, an absorption stage for separating at least one gas component from the gas stream by means of a washing liquid supplied to the absorption stage and a post-scrubber for depleting at least one volatile component Washing liquid from the purified gas stream, wherein the cooling stage, the absorption stage and the after-scrubber are arranged one above the other and connected to a scrubbing tower. As a result of the inventive integration of all washing stages in a washing tower, the apparatus according to the invention requires a small set-up area which is essentially determined by the base area of the cooling stage. The piping system for guiding the gas flow can be considerably simplified. It has an advantageous effect on the investment costs as well as the gas-side pressure loss.
Die Absorptionsstufe weist vorzugsweise Kolonneneinbauten zur Vergrößerung der Austauschfläche für einen Stoffaustausch zwischen dem Gasstrom und der Waschflüssigkeit auf. Als Kolonneneinbauten eignen sich Füllkörper, strukturierte Packungen und Austauschböden. The absorption stage preferably has column internals to increase the exchange area for mass transfer between the gas stream and the scrubbing liquid. Column bodies, structured packings and transfer trays are suitable as column internals.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführung der Erfindung ist zwischen der Absorptionsstufe und der Kühlstufe ein Trennboden zur Ableitung der Waschflüssigkeit vorgesehen, wobei der Trennboden Öffnungen für einen Durchtritt des Gasstromes aufweist. Der Trennboden kann beispielsweise als Glockenboden oder Ventilboden ausgebildet sein. In der Kühlstufe kann eine andere Flüssigkeit eingesetzt werden als in der Absorptionsstufe. Ohne weiteres besteht aber auch die Möglichkeit, dieselbe Waschflüssigkeit in der Kühlstufe zur Direktkühlung und Vorwäsche des Gasstromes und in der Absorptionsstufe zur Abtrennung der Schadgaskomponente zu verwenden und die Kühlstufe sowie die Absorptionsstufe mit unterschiedlichen Teilströmen zu beaufschlagen. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a separating tray for discharging the washing liquid is provided between the absorption stage and the cooling stage, wherein the separating tray has openings for a passage of the gas stream. The separating tray may be formed, for example, as a bell bottom or valve bottom. In the cooling stage, a different liquid can be used than in the absorption stage. However, it is also readily possible to use the same washing liquid in the cooling stage for direct cooling and prewashing of the gas stream and in the absorption stage for separating the noxious gas component and to apply different partial streams to the cooling stage and the absorption stage.
Die Kühlstufe kann insbesondere als Sprühapparat ausgebildet sein, der eine Mehrzahl von Sprühdüsen und einen Flüssigkeitssumpf mit einem Auslass zur Ableitung der Flüssigkeit aufweist. The cooling stage may in particular be designed as a spraying apparatus which has a plurality of spray nozzles and a liquid sump with an outlet for discharging the liquid.
Eine Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung sieht vor, dass die Kühlstufe einen Gaseinlass mit mindestens einer Strahlpumpe aufweist, wobei der Strahlpumpe die Flüssigkeit für die Kühlstufe als Treibmedium zuführbar ist und die Stahlpumpe den Gasstrom fördert. Die zur Direktkühlung des eintretenden Gasstromes verwendete Flüssigkeit erzeugt eine den Gasstrom ansaugende Druckabsenkung im Gaseinlass der Kühlstufe. Die Strahlpumpe kann ein Gebläse zur Förderung des Gasstromes ersetzen oder die Gasförderung durch ein Gebläse unterstützen. Die Strahlpumpe ist zweckmäßig in einem oberen Abschnitt der Kühlstufe angeordnet, wobei die Strömungsrichtung eines aus der Strahlpumpe austretenden Gas/Flüssig-Gemisches vertikal oder schräg nach unten in den Behälterraum der Kühlstufe gerichtet ist. Die Strahlpumpe kann insbesondere als Venturi-Wäscher ausgebildet sein, der mittels des An embodiment of the invention provides that the cooling stage has a gas inlet with at least one jet pump, wherein the jet pump, the liquid for the cooling stage as a driving medium can be fed and the steel pump promotes the gas flow. The liquid used for the direct cooling of the incoming gas stream produces a pressure drop in the gas inlet of the cooling stage which draws in the gas stream. The jet pump can replace a blower to promote the gas flow or support the gas delivery by a blower. The jet pump is expediently arranged in an upper section of the cooling stage, wherein the flow direction of a gas / liquid mixture emerging from the jet pump is directed vertically or obliquely downward into the container space of the cooling stage. The jet pump can be designed in particular as a venturi scrubber, which by means of
Treibmediums nicht nur den zu reinigenden Gasstrom ansaugt sondern diesen auch wirksam kühlt. Drive medium not only sucks the gas stream to be cleaned but also effectively cools it.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Apparates ist am Kopf des Waschturms ein Gebläse zur Förderung des Gasstromes angeordnet. Die Anordnung des Gebläses am Kopf des Waschturmes ermöglicht es, eine Anschlussverrohrung für die Ableitung des gereinigten Gases flexibel an die örtlichen Gegebenheiten anzupassen und in vielen Fällen auch zu vereinfachen. Auch kann der Platzbedarf des Apparates dadurch weiter reduziert werden. According to a further embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, a fan for conveying the gas stream is arranged at the top of the washing tower. The arrangement of the fan at the top of the wash tower makes it possible to flexibly adapt a connection piping for the discharge of the purified gas to the local conditions and in many cases also to simplify. Also, the space requirement of the apparatus can be further reduced.
Der Nachwäscher kann für einen geringeren Flüssigkeitsdurchsatz ausgelegt werden als die Absorptionsstufe. Der gasdurchströmte Strömungsquerschnitt des Nachwäschers ist kleiner als der für die Absorptionsstufe benötigte Querschnitt. Ein den Nachwäscher umfassender Abschnitt des Waschturmes und die Absorptionsstufe können gasseitig unmittelbar miteinander verbunden sein. Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführung der Erfindung ist die Flüssigkeit aus dem Nachwäscher ohne Ableitung aus dem Waschturm der Absorptionsstufe unmittelbar zuführbar. The after-scrubber can be designed for a lower liquid throughput than the absorption stage. The gas-flow cross-section of the post-scrubber is smaller than the cross-section required for the absorption stage. A scrubber comprehensive section of the scrubbing tower and the absorption stage can be directly connected to each other on the gas side. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the liquid from the final scrubber without derivation from the wash tower of the absorption stage can be fed directly.
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand einer lediglich ein Ausführungsbeispiel darstellenden Zeichnung erläutert. Es zeigen schematisch In the following the invention will be explained with reference to a drawing showing only one embodiment. It show schematically
Fig. 1 einen Apparat zur Gaswäsche, 1 shows an apparatus for gas scrubbing,
Fig. 2 und 3 weitere Ausführungsvarianten des Gaswäschers. 2 and 3 further variants of the scrubber.
Der in der Fig. 1 dargestellte Apparat zur Gaswäsche wird beispielsweise zur Abtrennung von CO2 aus Rauchgas verwendet. Der Apparat umfasst eine The apparatus shown in Fig. 1 for gas scrubbing is used for example for the separation of CO 2 from flue gas. The apparatus includes a
Kühlstufe 1 zur Direktkühlung und zur Vorwäsche eines in den Apparat eintretenden Gasstromes 2 mittels einer der Kühlstufe 1 zugeführten Flüssigkeit 3, eine Absorptionsstufe 4 zur Abtrennung mindestens einer Gaskomponente aus dem Gasstrom mittels einer der Absorptionsstufe zugeführten Waschflüssigkeit 5 und einen Nachwäscher 6 zur Abreicherung mindestens einer flüchtigen Komponente der Waschflüssigkeit aus dem gereinigten Gasstrom 7. Die Kühlstufe 1 , die Absorptionsstufe 4 und der Nachwäscher 6 sind übereinander angeordnet und zu einem Waschturm 8 verbunden. Die Absorptionsstufe 4 enthält vorzugsweise Kolonneneinbauten zur Vergrößerung der Austauschfläche für einen Stoffaustausch zwischen dem Gasstrom 2 und der Waschflüssigkeit 5, wobei die Kolonneneinbauten aus Füllkörpern, strukturierten Packungen oder auch Austauschböden bestehen können. Zwischen der Absorptionsstufe 4 und der Kühlstufe 1 ist ein Trennboden 9 zur Ableitung der Waschflüssigkeit vorgesehen. Der Trennboden 9 enthält Öffnungen 10 für einen Durchtritt des Gasstromes und kann beispielsweise als Glockenboden oder Ventilboden ausgeführt sein. Infolge des Trennbodens 9 können der Absorptionsstufe 4 und der Kühlstufe 1 unterschiedliche Flüssigkeitskreisläufe zugeordnet werden. Die Kühlstufe 1 und die Absorptionsstufe 4 können jedoch auch mit derselben Waschflüssigkeit betrieben werden. Cooling stage 1 for direct cooling and prewashing of a gas stream 2 entering the apparatus by means of a liquid supplied to the cooling stage 1, an absorption stage 4 for separating at least one gas component from the gas stream by means of a washing liquid 5 fed to the absorption stage and a post-scrubber 6 for depleting at least one volatile one Component of the scrubbing liquid from the purified gas stream 7. The cooling stage 1, the absorption stage 4 and the post-scrubber 6 are arranged one above the other and connected to a scrubbing tower 8. The absorption stage 4 preferably contains column internals to increase the exchange surface for a mass transfer between the gas stream 2 and the washing liquid 5, wherein the column internals of packing, structured packages or exchange trays can exist. Between the absorption stage 4 and the cooling stage 1, a separating tray 9 is provided for discharging the washing liquid. The separating tray 9 contains openings 10 for a passage of the gas stream and may be designed, for example, as a bell bottom or valve bottom. As a result of the separating tray 9, the absorption stage 4 and the cooling stage 1 can be assigned to different fluid circuits. However, the cooling stage 1 and the absorption stage 4 can also be operated with the same washing liquid.
Der Nachwäscher 6 ist für einen geringeren Flüssigkeitsdurchsatz ausgelegt als die Absorptionsstufe 4 und besteht aus einem Kolonnenabschnitt, der einen geringeren Strömungsquerschnitt aufweist als die Absorptionsstufe 4. Auch im Nachwäscher 6 können Strömungseinbauten zur Verbesserung des Stoffaustausches zwischen der Gas- und Flüssigphase vorgesehen sein. Die Flüssigkeit aus dem Nachwäscher 6 ist ohne Ableitung aus dem Waschturm 8 der Absorptionsstufe 4 unmittelbar zuführbar. Im Rahmen der Erfindung liegt es The after-scrubber 6 is designed for a lower liquid flow rate than the absorption stage 4 and consists of a column section, which has a smaller flow cross-section than the absorption stage 4. Also in the after-scrubber 6 flow internals to improve the mass transfer between the gas and liquid phase can be provided. The liquid from the after-scrubber 6 can be fed directly without discharge from the scrubbing tower 8 of the absorption stage 4. Within the scope of the invention it is
aber auch, zwischen Nachwäscher 6 und der Absorptionsstufe 4 einen gasdurchlässigen Trennboden zur Ableitung der den Nachwäscher 6 verlassenden Flüssigkeit vorzusehen, um den Nachwäscher 6 und die Absorptionsstufe 4 mit getrennten Flüssigkeitskreisläufen betreiben zu können. but also to provide between gas washer 6 and the absorption stage 4 a gas-permeable separating tray for the discharge of the Nachwäscher 6 leaving liquid to operate the post-washer 6 and the absorption stage 4 with separate fluid circuits.
Im Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 1 ist die Kühlstufe 1 des Waschturms 8 als Sprühapparat ausgebildet, der eine Mehrzahl von Sprühdüsen und einen Flüssigkeitssumpf mit einem Auslass zur Ableitung der Flüssigkeit aufweist. Das zu reinigende Gas durchströmt die Kühlstufe 1 im Gegenstrom zu der durch die Sprühdüsen zugeführten Flüssigkeit. Die Kühlstufe kann auch Packungen, Füllkörper und dergleichen enthalten. In the embodiment of Fig. 1, the cooling stage 1 of the scrubbing tower 8 is formed as a spray apparatus having a plurality of spray nozzles and a liquid sump with an outlet for discharging the liquid. The gas to be cleaned flows through the cooling stage 1 in countercurrent to the liquid supplied by the spray nozzles. The cooling stage may also contain packages, packing and the like.
Im Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 2 weist die Kühlstufe 1 einen Gaseinlass mit mindestens einer Strahlpumpe 1 1 auf, wobei der Strahlpumpe die Flüssigkeit 3 für die Kühlstufe 1 als Treibmedium zuführbar ist. Die Strahlpumpe 1 1 bewirkt eine Druckabsenkung im Gaseinlass und fördert den Gasstrom. Die Strahlpumpe 1 1 ist an einem oberen Abschnitt der Kühlstufe 1 angeordnet, so dass die Strömungsrichtung eines aus der Strahlpumpe austretenden Gas/Flüssig-Gemisches vertikal oder schräg nach unten in den Behälterraum der Kühlstufe 1 gerichtet ist. Die Strahlpumpe 1 1 kann insbesondere als Venturidüse ausgebildet sein. Infolge der intensiven Vermischung von Gas 2 und Flüssigkeit 3 bewirkt die Venturidüse eine gute Kühlung des Gasstromes in Verbindung mit einer Vorwäsche. Im Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 3 ist am Kopf des Waschturms 8 ein Gebläse 12 zur Förderung des Gasstromes 7 angeordnet. Infolge dieser Anordnung des Gebläses 12 am Kopf des Waschturmes 8 kann eine Anschlussverrohrung zur Ableitung des gereinigten Gasstromes 7 flexibel an die örtlichen Gegebenheiten angepasst und in vielen Fällen vereinfacht werden. In the embodiment of Fig. 2, the cooling stage 1 has a gas inlet with at least one jet pump 1 1, wherein the jet pump, the liquid 3 for the cooling stage 1 as a driving medium can be fed. The jet pump 1 1 causes a pressure drop in the gas inlet and promotes the gas flow. The jet pump 1 1 is arranged at an upper portion of the cooling stage 1, so that the flow direction of a gas / liquid mixture emerging from the jet pump is directed vertically or obliquely downward into the container space of the cooling stage 1. The jet pump 1 1 may be formed in particular as a Venturi nozzle. Due to the intensive mixing of gas 2 and liquid 3 causes the Venturi nozzle a good cooling of the gas stream in conjunction with a prewash. In the embodiment of FIG. 3, a fan 12 for conveying the gas stream 7 is arranged at the top of the washing tower 8. As a result of this arrangement of the blower 12 at the top of the wash tower 8 a connection piping for the discharge of the purified gas stream 7 can be flexibly adapted to the local conditions and simplified in many cases.
Der in den Figuren dargestellte Apparat kann zur Gaswäsche und insbesondere zur Aminwäsche CO2-enthaltener Gase eingesetzt werden. Im Falle einer Aminwasche wird als Waschflüssigkeit eine Aminlosung verwendet. The apparatus shown in the figures can be used for gas scrubbing and in particular for amine scrubbing CO 2 -containing gases. In the case of an amine wash, an amine solution is used as the washing liquid.

Claims

Patentansprüche: claims:
1 . Apparat zur Gaswäsche, insbesondere zur Abtrennung von CO2 aus Rauchgas mittels einer Aminwäsche, mit einer Kühlstufe (1 ) zur Direktkühlung und zur Vorwäsche eines in den Apparat eintretenden Gasstromes (2) mittels einer der Kühlstufe (1 ) zugeführten Flüssigkeit (3), einer Absorptionsstufe (4) zur Abtrennung mindestens einer Gaskomponente aus dem Gasstrom (2) mittels einer der Absorptionsstufe (4) zugeführten Waschflüssigkeit (5) und einem Nachwäscher (6) zur Abreicherung zumindest einer flüchtigen Komponente der Waschflüssigkeit aus dem gereinigten Gasstrom (7), wobei die Kühlstufe (1 ), die Absorptionsstufe (4) und der Nachwäscher (6) übereinander angeordnet und zu einem Waschturm (8) verbunden sind. 1 . Apparatus for scrubbing gas, in particular for separating off CO2 from flue gas by means of amine scrubbing, with a cooling stage (1) for direct cooling and prewashing of a gas stream (2) entering the apparatus by means of a liquid (3) supplied to the cooling stage (1), an absorption stage (4) for separating at least one gas component from the gas stream (2) by means of a washing liquid (5) fed to the absorption stage (4) and a post-scrubber (6) for depleting at least one volatile component of the scrubbing liquid from the purified gas stream (7); Cooling stage (1), the absorption stage (4) and the post-scrubber (6) are arranged one above the other and connected to a washing tower (8).
2. Apparat nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Absorptionsstufe (4) Kolonneneinbauten zur Vergrößerung der Austauschfläche für einen Stoffaustausch zwischen dem Gasstrom (2) und der Waschflüssigkeit (5) aufweist. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the absorption stage (4) column internals to increase the exchange area for a mass transfer between the gas stream (2) and the washing liquid (5).
3. Apparat nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen der Absorptionsstufe (4) und der Kühlstufe (1 ) ein Trennboden (9) zur Ableitung der Waschflüssigkeit vorgesehen ist, wobei der Trennboden (9) Öffnungen (10) für einen Durchtritt des Gasstromes aufweist. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that between the absorption stage (4) and the cooling stage (1) a separating bottom (9) for discharging the washing liquid is provided, wherein the separating base (9) openings (10) for a passage having the gas stream.
4. Apparat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kühlstufe (1 ) als Sprühapparat ausgebildet ist, der eine Mehrzahl von 4. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the cooling stage (1) is designed as a spray apparatus having a plurality of
Sprühdüsen und einen Flüssigkeitssumpf mit einem Auslass zur Ableitung der Flüssigkeit aufweist. Having spray nozzles and a liquid sump with an outlet for discharging the liquid.
5. Apparat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kühlstufe (1 ) einen Gaseinlass mit mindestens einer Strahlpumpe (1 1 ) aufweist, wobei der Strahlpumpe (1 1 ) die Flüssigkeit für die Kühlstufe (1 ) als Treibmedium zuführbar ist und die Strahlpumpe (1 1 ) den Gasstrom (2) fördert. 5. Apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the cooling stage (1) has a gas inlet with at least one jet pump (1 1), wherein the jet pump (1 1) the liquid for the cooling stage (1) can be supplied as a driving medium is and the jet pump (1 1) promotes the gas flow (2).
6. Apparat nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Strahlpumpe (1 1 ) in einem oberen Abschnitt der Kühlstufe (1 ) angeordnet ist und aus der6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the jet pump (1 1) in an upper portion of the cooling stage (1) is arranged and from the
Strahlpumpe (1 1 ) ein Gas/Flüssig-Gemisch austritt, dessen Strömungsrichtung vertikal oder schräg nach unten ausgerichtet ist. Jet pump (1 1), a gas / liquid mixture emerges, the flow direction is oriented vertically or obliquely downward.
7. Apparat nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Strahlpumpe (1 1 ) als Venturi-Wäscher ausgebildet ist. 7. Apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the jet pump (1 1) is designed as a venturi scrubber.
8. Apparat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass am Kopf des Waschturmes (8) ein Gebläse (12) zur Förderung des Gasstromes angeordnet ist. 8. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at the top of the washing tower (8) a fan (12) is arranged to convey the gas stream.
9. Apparat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Nachwäscher (6) für einen geringeren Flüssigkeitsdurchsatz ausgelegt ist als die Absorptionsstufe (4). 9. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the post-scrubber (6) is designed for a lower liquid flow rate than the absorption stage (4).
10. Apparat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Flüssigkeit aus dem Nachwäscher (6) ohne Ableitung aus dem Waschturm (8) der Absorptionsstufe (4) unmittelbar zuführbar ist. 10. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the liquid from the post-scrubber (6) without discharge from the scrubbing tower (8) of the absorption stage (4) can be fed directly.
EP13783539.3A 2012-11-20 2013-10-25 Apparatus for gas scrubbing Withdrawn EP2922613A1 (en)

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