EP2922080B1 - Electromagnetic relay - Google Patents

Electromagnetic relay Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2922080B1
EP2922080B1 EP14160833.1A EP14160833A EP2922080B1 EP 2922080 B1 EP2922080 B1 EP 2922080B1 EP 14160833 A EP14160833 A EP 14160833A EP 2922080 B1 EP2922080 B1 EP 2922080B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
armature
electromagnetic relay
core
end portion
electric contact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP14160833.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2922080A1 (en
Inventor
Tom Ocket
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TE Connectivity Belgium BV
Original Assignee
Tyco Electronics Belgium EC BVBA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tyco Electronics Belgium EC BVBA filed Critical Tyco Electronics Belgium EC BVBA
Priority to EP14160833.1A priority Critical patent/EP2922080B1/en
Publication of EP2922080A1 publication Critical patent/EP2922080A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2922080B1 publication Critical patent/EP2922080B1/en
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/163Details concerning air-gaps, e.g. anti-remanence, damping, anti-corrosion
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/18Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature
    • H01H50/24Parts rotatable or rockable outside coil
    • H01H50/26Parts movable about a knife edge
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/18Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature
    • H01H50/34Means for adjusting limits of movement; Mechanical means for adjusting returning force
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/18Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature
    • H01H50/30Mechanical arrangements for preventing or damping vibration or shock, e.g. by balancing of armature
    • H01H50/305Mechanical arrangements for preventing or damping vibration or shock, e.g. by balancing of armature damping vibration due to functional movement of armature

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electromagnetic relay according to claim 1. It is known in the state of the art to use electromagnetic relays for controlling electric circuits by low-power signals. Electromagnetic relays use an electromagnet to operate a switching mechanism mechanically. Known electromagnetic relays comprise a coil of wire wrapped around a core. A yoke provides a low reluctance path for magnetic flux. A movable armature is hinged to the yoke and mechanically linked to moving electric contacts. The coil is provided to generate a magnetic field that moves the armature towards the core which leads to a collision between the armature and the core. This collision can result in audible noise. The EP 1 376 636 B1 describes a low noise relay with means for reducing acoustic noise.
  • An electromagnetic relay according to the invention comprises a core having a pole portion and an end portion, a coil being arranged around the pole portion of the core, and an armature being movable relative to the core between a first position and a second position.
  • the coil is provided for generating a magnetic field that moves the armature from the first position to the second position.
  • the armature comprises a hole. The end portion of the core is arranged in the hole when the armature is in the second position.
  • An air gap is arranged between the armature and the core in the first position and in the second position of the armature.
  • the armature of this electromagnetic relay does not collide with the core when the armature is moved from the first position to the second position.
  • the remaining air gap between the core and the armature in the second position of the armature insures that the armature does not collide with the core when the armature is moved from the first position to the second position. Consequently, the electromagnetic relay does not create an acoustic noise that is caused by a collision between the armature and the core.
  • the air gap is smaller in the second position of the armature than in the first position of the armature.
  • this allows to automatically move the armature from the first position to the second position using a magnetic field generated by the coil that is arranged around the pole portion of the core of the electromagnetic relay.
  • the magnetic field generated by the coil results in a magnetomotive force that drives the armature from the first position to the second position.
  • the core extends in a longitudinal direction.
  • the pole portion of the core comprises a first diameter in a radial direction which is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.
  • the end portion of the core comprises a second diameter in the radial direction.
  • the second diameter is larger than the first diameter.
  • the increased diameter of the end portion of the core with respect to the pole portion of the core insures that a magnetic reluctance is minimized when the end portion of the core is arranged in the hole of the armature in the second position of the armature. This prevents the armature from moving beyond the second position when the armature is moved from the first position to the second position.
  • the end portion comprises a first length in the longitudinal direction.
  • the hole comprises a second length.
  • the first length and the second length differ by less than 20 %, preferably by less than 10 %, in particular by less than 5 %.
  • the agreement of the lengths of the end portion of the core and the hole of the armature support minimization of magnetic reluctance when the armature is in its second position.
  • the armature is in contact with a mechanical stop in the second position.
  • the mechanical stop can prevent the armature from moving beyond the second position when the armature is moved from the first position to the second position.
  • the mechanical stop comprises an elastic material.
  • an elastic material of the mechanical stop avoids the generation of acoustic noise when the armature gets into contact with the mechanical stop when the armature is moved from the first position to the second position.
  • the mechanical stop is rigidly connected to the core.
  • the rigid connection between the mechanical stop and the core of the electromagnetic relay allows to precisely control the second position of the armature with respect to the core.
  • the electromagnetic relay further comprises a yoke which is connected to the core.
  • the yoke can provide a low reluctance path for magnetic flux generated by the coil of the electromagnetic relay.
  • the armature is hinged to the yoke.
  • this allows to move the armature relative to the yoke and thus also relative to the core of the electromagnetic relay.
  • the electromagnetic relay further comprise a spring acting to move the armature from the second position to the first position.
  • the spring can ensure that the armature moves back from the second position to the first position when the coil of the electromagnetic relay does not generate a magnetic field.
  • the electromagnetic relay further comprises a first electric contact connected to the armature.
  • the first electric contact can be engaged and disengaged with a second electric contact by movement of the armature.
  • this allows to use the electromagnetic relay for switching an electric circuit connected to the first electric contact and the second electric contact.
  • the electromagnetic relay can for example belong to the normally closed type or the normally open type.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic and partially transparent view of a first electromagnetic relay 10.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic sliced side view of the first electromagnetic relay 10.
  • the first electromagnetic relay 10 can serve as an electrically operated switch.
  • the first electromagnetic relay 10 can be used to switch an electric load circuit by an electric control circuit that is electrically isolated from the load circuit.
  • the control circuit may employ a lower power than the load circuit.
  • the first electromagnetic relay 10 comprises a core 100.
  • the core 100 comprises a magnetic material, preferably iron.
  • the core 100 comprises an elongate shape and extends into a longitudinal direction 101.
  • the core 100 comprises a pole portion 110 and an end portion 120.
  • the pole portion 110 and the end portion 120 are arranged one after another along the longitudinal direction 101.
  • the pole portion 110 of the core 100 comprises the shape of a circular cylinder with a longitudinal axis that is arranged in parallel to the longitudinal direction 101.
  • the pole portion 110 of the core 100 comprises a diameter 111 in a radial direction 102 that is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 101.
  • the end portion 120 of the core 100 is integrally connected to one longitudinal end of the pole portion 110 of the core 100.
  • the end portion 120 also comprises the shape of a circular cylinder with a longitudinal axis that is arranged in parallel to the longitudinal direction 101 and coaxial to the longitudinal axis of the pole portion 110.
  • the end portion 120 comprises a diameter 121 in the radial direction 102 that is larger than the diameter 111 of the pole portion 110 of the core 100.
  • the end portion 120 comprises a length 122 in the longitudinal direction 101 that is shorter than the length of the pole portion 110 of the core 100 in the longitudinal direction 101.
  • the end portion 120 of the core 100 can be designed with another shape than the shape of a circular cylinder.
  • the end portion 120 of the core 100 can be designed with another cylindrical shape, for example with the shape of a prism.
  • a coil 200 of wire is wrapped around the pole portion 110 of the core 100 of the first electromagnetic relay 10. An electric current can be passed through the coil 200 to generate a magnetic field.
  • a yoke 400 provides a low reluctance path for magnetic flux of a magnetic field created by the coil 200.
  • the yoke 400 comprises a magnetic material, preferably iron.
  • the yoke 400 is connected to the longitudinal end of the pole portion 110 of the core 100 that is opposed to the end portion 120 of the core 100.
  • the pole portion 110 of the core 100 of the first electromagnetic relay 10 and the yoke 400 may be integrally connected.
  • the yoke 400 is bent around the coil 200 such that a portion of the yoke 400 extends in parallel to the core 100 and the coil 200 in the longitudinal direction 101.
  • An armature 300 is connected to the yoke 400 by a hinge 320.
  • the hinge 320 allows to move the armature 300 relative to the core 100 of the first electromagnetic relay 10 by tilting the armature 300 around the hinge 320.
  • the armature 300 comprises a magnetic material, preferably iron.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 depict the first electromagnetic relay 10 with the armature 300 arranged in the first position 301.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic and partially transparent view of the first electromagnetic relay 10 with the armature 300 arranged in the second position 302.
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic and sliced side view of the first electromagnetic relay 10 with the armature 300 arranged in the second position 302.
  • the first electromagnetic relay 10 comprises a first electric contact 600, a second electric contact 610 and a third electric contact 620.
  • the first electric contact 600, the second electric contact 610 and the third electric contact 620 are only depicted schematically in Figs. 2 and 4 . In Figs. 1 and 3 , the first electric contact 600, the second electric contact 610 and the third electric contact 620 are omitted for clarity.
  • the first electric contact 600 is mechanically connected to the armature 300 of the first electromagnetic relay 10 such that the first electric contact 600 is moved upon movement of the armature 300 relative to the core 100 of the first electromagnetic relay 10.
  • the first electric contact 600 is in electric contact with the second electric contact 610 such that a first electric load circuit is closed.
  • the first electric contact 600 and the second electric contact 610 are separated and electrically isolated from the third electric contact 620 such that a second electric load circuit is broken.
  • the first electric contact 600 is in electric contact to the third electric contact 620 such that the second electric load circuit is closed.
  • the first electric contact 600 and the third electric contact 620 are separated and electrically isolated from the second electric contact 610 such that the first electric load circuit is broken.
  • the first electromagnetic relay 10 serves to only close or break either the first electric load circuit or the second electric load circuit.
  • a spring 500 is connected to the armature 300 of the first electromagnetic relay 10.
  • the spring 500 is schematically depicted in Figs. 2 and 4 . In Figs. 1 and 3 the spring 500 is omitted for clarity.
  • the spring 500 exerts a force on the armature 300 that moves the armature 300 from the second position 302 to the first position 301. In case that no other force acts on the armature 300, the armature 300 is maintained in its first position 301 by the spring 500.
  • the spring 500 is schematically depicted as a coil spring in Figs. 2 and 4 .
  • the spring 500 may however be any kind of spring suitable to exert a force on the armature 300 that moves the armature 300 from the second position 302 to the first position 301. It is possible to design and arrange the first electromagnetical relay 10 such that a gravitational force acting on the armature 300 may be used instead of the spring 500.
  • a magnetic field is generated.
  • the core 100, the yoke 400 and the armature 300 form a magnetic circuit as a path for the magnetic flux of the magnetic field.
  • a first air gap 330 is arranged between the armature 300 and the end portion 120 of the core 100 of the first electromagnetic relay 10.
  • the first air gap 330 forms part of the magnetic circuit.
  • the magnetic field generates a force that aims to reduce the reluctance of the magnetic circuit and thus aims to reduce the size of the first air gap 330. This force acts to move the armature 330 towards the end portion 120 of the core 100.
  • the force generated by the magnetic field overcomes the force generated by the spring 500 and thus moves the armature 300 from the first position 301 towards the second position 302.
  • the armature 300 comprises a hole 310.
  • the hole 310 comprises the shape of a circular cylinder with a diameter 311 and a length 312.
  • the diameter 311 of the hole 310 of the armature 300 is somewhat larger than the diameter 121 of the end portion 120 of the core 100.
  • the length 312 of the hole 310 of the armature 300 approximately matches the length 122 of the end portion 120 of the core 100. It is preferred that the length 312 of the hole 310 and the length 122 of the end portion 120 of the core 100 differ by less than 20 % or, even more preferred, by less than 10 %. It is particularly preferred that the length 312 of the hole 310 of the armature 300 and the length 122 of the end portion 120 of the core 100 differ by less than 5 %.
  • the end portion 120 of the core 100 and the hole 310 of the armature 300 are designed such that the end portion 120 of the core 100 can be arranged in the hole 310 of the armature 300 when the armature 300 is in the second position 302.
  • the hole 310 of the armature 300 may be shaped accordingly.
  • a second air gap 340 is arranged between the armatures 300 and the end portion 120 of the core 100.
  • the second air gap 340 is smaller than the first air gap 330.
  • the reluctance of the magnetic circuit formed by the core 100, the yoke 400, the armature 300 and the air gaps 330, 340 is thus smaller when the armature 300 is in the second position 302 than when the armature 300 is in the first position 301. Consequently, the magnetic field generated by the coil 200 moves the armature 300 from the first position 301 to the second position 302.
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic sliced side view of the first electromagnetic relay 10.
  • the armature 300 of the first electromagnetic relay 10 is in a third position 303.
  • the armature 300 is tilted further around the hinge 320 than in the second position 302 such that the armature 300 is closer to the pole portion 110 of the core 100 in the third position 303 than in the second position 302. Consequently, the end portion 120 of the core 100 of the first electromagnetic relay 10 has partially passed through the hole 310 of the armature 300 in the third position 303 of the armature 300.
  • the armature 300 may have moved on to the third position 303 because of its inertia.
  • a third air gap 350 is arranged between the armature 300 and the end portion 120 in the third position 303 of the armature 300.
  • the third air gap 350 is larger than the second air gap 340. Consequently, the reluctance of the magnetic circuit created by the core 100, the yoke 400, the armature 300 and the third air gap 350 is larger than the reluctance of the magnetic circuit when the armature 300 is in the second position 302. This results in a force that drives the armature 300 from its third position 303 back to its second position 302.
  • the armature 300 will be moved to the second position 302 and will remain in the second position 302 if the coil 200 is energized and an electric current passes through the coil 200 of the first electromagnetic relay 10. Once the coil 200 is de-energized, the magnetic force created by the magnetic field created by the coil 200 vanishes and the spring 500 pulls the armature 300 back into the first position 301.
  • Fig. 6 shows a schematic sliced side view of a second electromagnetic relay 20.
  • the second electromagnetic relay 20 is largely similar to the first electromagnetic relay 10 depicted in Figs. 1 to 5 .
  • Like components are referenced with the same numerals in Fig. 6 as in Figs. 1 to 5 and will not be discussed in detail again.
  • the following description emphasizes the differences between the second electromagnetic relay 20 and the first electromagnetic relay 10.
  • the electric contacts 600, 610, 620 and the spring 500 of the second electromagnetic relay 20 are not shown in Fig. 6 .
  • the second electromagnetic relay 20 comprises a mechanical stop 700.
  • the mechanical stop 700 is only depicted schematically.
  • the mechanical stop 700 is rigidly connected to the second electromagnetic relay 20 such that the relative arrangement between the mechanical stop 700 and the core 100 of the second electromagnetic relay 20 is fixed.
  • the mechanical stop 700 can for example be connected to the core 100 or to the yoke 400.
  • the mechanical stop 700 is arranged such that the armature 300 is in contact with the mechanical stop 700 when the armature 300 is in the second position 302, as depicted in Fig. 6 .
  • the armature 300 is in the first position 301, the armature 300 is not in contact with the mechanical stop 700.
  • the armature 300 is moved from the first position 301 to the second position 302, the armature 300 abuts against the mechanical stop 700 once the armature 300 has reached the second position 302. This prevents the armature 300 from moving beyond the second position 302 towards the third position 303.
  • the mechanical stop 700 may comprise an elastic or otherwise resilient material to oppress the generation of noise when the armature 300 abuts against the mechanical stop 700.
  • Fig. 7 shows a schematic sliced side view of a third electromagnetic relay 30.
  • the third electromagnetic relay 30 is largely similar to the second electromagnetic relay 20.
  • Like components of the second electromagnetic relay 20 and the third electromagnetic relay 30 are referenced with the same numerals in Fig. 7 as in Fig. 6 and Figs. 1 to 5 and will not be explained in detail again.
  • the following description focuses on the differences between the third electromagnetic relay 30 and the second electromagnetic relay 20.
  • the first electric contact 600, the second electric contact 610 and the third electric contact 620 as well as the spring 500 are not depicted in the schematic drawing of Fig. 7 for reasons of clarity.
  • the third electromagnetic relay 30 comprises a core 1100 that replaces the core 100 of the first electromagnetic relay 10 and the second electromagnetic relay 20.
  • the core 1100 of the third electromagnetic relay 30 comprises a pole portion 1110 that extends in parallel to the longitudinal direction 101.
  • the pole portion 1110 of the core 1100 comprises a diameter 1111 in the radial direction 102 that is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 101.
  • An end portion 1120 of the core 1100 is arranged at a longitudinal end of the pole portion 1110.
  • the end portion 1120 comprises a diameter 1121 in the radial direction 102.
  • the diameter 1121 of the end portion 1120 of the core 1100 is approximately equal to the diameter 1111 of the pole portion 1110 of the core 1100.
  • the third electromagnetic relay 30 comprises an armature 1300 that replaces the armature 300 of the first electromagnetic relay 10 and the second electromagnetic relay 20.
  • the armature 1300 comprises a hole 1310 with a diameter 1311.
  • the diameter 1311 of the hole 1310 of the armature 1300 is chosen such that the end portion 1120 of the core 1100 of the third electromagnetic relay 30 can be arranged in the hole 1310 of the armature 1300 when the armature 1300 is in the second position 302, as shown in Fig. 7 .
  • the third electromagnetic relay 30 comprises a mechanical stop 700.
  • the armature 1300 of the third electromagnetic relay 30 is in the second position 302, the armature 1300 abuts against the mechanical stop 700.

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  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)

Description

  • The present invention relates to an electromagnetic relay according to claim 1.
    It is known in the state of the art to use electromagnetic relays for controlling electric circuits by low-power signals. Electromagnetic relays use an electromagnet to operate a switching mechanism mechanically. Known electromagnetic relays comprise a coil of wire wrapped around a core. A yoke provides a low reluctance path for magnetic flux. A movable armature is hinged to the yoke and mechanically linked to moving electric contacts. The coil is provided to generate a magnetic field that moves the armature towards the core which leads to a collision between the armature and the core. This collision can result in audible noise.
    The EP 1 376 636 B1 describes a low noise relay with means for reducing acoustic noise. The means comprises a resilient protrusion between the armature and the core. DE-A-19625657 discloses an electromagnetic relay according to the preamble of claim 1. It is an object of the present invention to provide an electromagnetic relay. This objective is achieved by an electromagnetic relay according to claim 1. Preferred embodiments are disclosed in the dependent claims.
    An electromagnetic relay according to the invention comprises a core having a pole portion and an end portion, a coil being arranged around the pole portion of the core, and an armature being movable relative to the core between a first position and a second position. The coil is provided for generating a magnetic field that moves the armature from the first position to the second position. The armature comprises a hole. The end portion of the core is arranged in the hole when the armature is in the second position.
  • An air gap is arranged between the armature and the core in the first position and in the second position of the armature. Advantageously, the armature of this electromagnetic relay does not collide with the core when the armature is moved from the first position to the second position The remaining air gap between the core and the armature in the second position of the armature insures that the armature does not collide with the core when the armature is moved from the first position to the second position. Consequently, the electromagnetic relay does not create an acoustic noise that is caused by a collision between the armature and the core.
  • In an embodiment of the electromagnetic relay, the air gap is smaller in the second position of the armature than in the first position of the armature. Advantageously, this allows to automatically move the armature from the first position to the second position using a magnetic field generated by the coil that is arranged around the pole portion of the core of the electromagnetic relay. As reducing the size of the air gap between the armature and the core reduces a magnetic reluctance, the magnetic field generated by the coil results in a magnetomotive force that drives the armature from the first position to the second position.
  • In an embodiment of the electromagnetic relay, the core extends in a longitudinal direction. The pole portion of the core comprises a first diameter in a radial direction which is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. The end portion of the core comprises a second diameter in the radial direction. The second diameter is larger than the first diameter. Advantageously, the increased diameter of the end portion of the core with respect to the pole portion of the core insures that a magnetic reluctance is minimized when the end portion of the core is arranged in the hole of the armature in the second position of the armature. This prevents the armature from moving beyond the second position when the armature is moved from the first position to the second position.
  • In an embodiment of the electromagnetic relay, the end portion comprises a first length in the longitudinal direction. The hole comprises a second length. The first length and the second length differ by less than 20 %, preferably by less than 10 %, in particular by less than 5 %. Advantageously, the agreement of the lengths of the end portion of the core and the hole of the armature support minimization of magnetic reluctance when the armature is in its second position.
  • In an embodiment of the electromagnetic relay, the armature is in contact with a mechanical stop in the second position. Advantageously, the mechanical stop can prevent the armature from moving beyond the second position when the armature is moved from the first position to the second position.
  • In an embodiment of the electromagnetic relay, the mechanical stop comprises an elastic material. Advantageously, an elastic material of the mechanical stop avoids the generation of acoustic noise when the armature gets into contact with the mechanical stop when the armature is moved from the first position to the second position.
  • In an embodiment of the electromagnetic relay, the mechanical stop is rigidly connected to the core. Advantageously, the rigid connection between the mechanical stop and the core of the electromagnetic relay allows to precisely control the second position of the armature with respect to the core.
  • In an embodiment of the electromagnetic relay, the electromagnetic relay further comprises a yoke which is connected to the core. The yoke can provide a low reluctance path for magnetic flux generated by the coil of the electromagnetic relay.
  • In an embodiment of the electromagnetic relay, the armature is hinged to the yoke. Advantageously, this allows to move the armature relative to the yoke and thus also relative to the core of the electromagnetic relay.
  • In an embodiment of the electromagnetic relay, the electromagnetic relay further comprise a spring acting to move the armature from the second position to the first position. Advantageously, the spring can ensure that the armature moves back from the second position to the first position when the coil of the electromagnetic relay does not generate a magnetic field.
  • In an embodiment of the electromagnetic relay, the electromagnetic relay further comprises a first electric contact connected to the armature. The first electric contact can be engaged and disengaged with a second electric contact by movement of the armature. Advantageously, this allows to use the electromagnetic relay for switching an electric circuit connected to the first electric contact and the second electric contact. The electromagnetic relay can for example belong to the normally closed type or the normally open type.
  • The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the Figures in which
    • Fig. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a first electromagnetic relay with its armature in a first position;
    • Fig. 2 shows a schematic sectional view of the first electromagnetic relay with the armature in the first position;
    • Fig. 3 shows a schematic perspective view of the first electromagnetic relay with its armature in a second position;
    • Fig. 4 shows a schematic sectional view of the first electromagnetic relay with the armature in the second position;
    • Fig. 5 shows a schematic sectional view of the first electromagnetic relay with the armature in a third position;
    • Fig. 6 shows a schematic sectional view of a second electromagnetic relay; and
    • Fig. 7 shows a schematic sectional view of a third electromagnetic relay.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic and partially transparent view of a first electromagnetic relay 10. Fig. 2 shows a schematic sliced side view of the first electromagnetic relay 10.
  • The first electromagnetic relay 10 can serve as an electrically operated switch. In particular, the first electromagnetic relay 10 can be used to switch an electric load circuit by an electric control circuit that is electrically isolated from the load circuit. The control circuit may employ a lower power than the load circuit.
  • The first electromagnetic relay 10 comprises a core 100. The core 100 comprises a magnetic material, preferably iron. The core 100 comprises an elongate shape and extends into a longitudinal direction 101. The core 100 comprises a pole portion 110 and an end portion 120. The pole portion 110 and the end portion 120 are arranged one after another along the longitudinal direction 101. In the example depicted in Figs. 1 and 2, the pole portion 110 of the core 100 comprises the shape of a circular cylinder with a longitudinal axis that is arranged in parallel to the longitudinal direction 101. The pole portion 110 of the core 100 comprises a diameter 111 in a radial direction 102 that is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 101. The end portion 120 of the core 100 is integrally connected to one longitudinal end of the pole portion 110 of the core 100. The end portion 120 also comprises the shape of a circular cylinder with a longitudinal axis that is arranged in parallel to the longitudinal direction 101 and coaxial to the longitudinal axis of the pole portion 110. The end portion 120 comprises a diameter 121 in the radial direction 102 that is larger than the diameter 111 of the pole portion 110 of the core 100. The end portion 120 comprises a length 122 in the longitudinal direction 101 that is shorter than the length of the pole portion 110 of the core 100 in the longitudinal direction 101.
  • It is possible to design the end portion 120 of the core 100 with another shape than the shape of a circular cylinder. In particular, the end portion 120 of the core 100 can be designed with another cylindrical shape, for example with the shape of a prism.
  • A coil 200 of wire is wrapped around the pole portion 110 of the core 100 of the first electromagnetic relay 10. An electric current can be passed through the coil 200 to generate a magnetic field.
  • A yoke 400 provides a low reluctance path for magnetic flux of a magnetic field created by the coil 200. The yoke 400 comprises a magnetic material, preferably iron. The yoke 400 is connected to the longitudinal end of the pole portion 110 of the core 100 that is opposed to the end portion 120 of the core 100. The pole portion 110 of the core 100 of the first electromagnetic relay 10 and the yoke 400 may be integrally connected. The yoke 400 is bent around the coil 200 such that a portion of the yoke 400 extends in parallel to the core 100 and the coil 200 in the longitudinal direction 101.
  • An armature 300 is connected to the yoke 400 by a hinge 320. The hinge 320 allows to move the armature 300 relative to the core 100 of the first electromagnetic relay 10 by tilting the armature 300 around the hinge 320. The armature 300 comprises a magnetic material, preferably iron.
  • By tilting the armature 300 around the hinge 320, the armature 300 can be moved between a first position 301 and a second position 302. Figs. 1 and 2 depict the first electromagnetic relay 10 with the armature 300 arranged in the first position 301. Fig. 3 shows a schematic and partially transparent view of the first electromagnetic relay 10 with the armature 300 arranged in the second position 302. Fig. 4 shows a schematic and sliced side view of the first electromagnetic relay 10 with the armature 300 arranged in the second position 302.
  • The first electromagnetic relay 10 comprises a first electric contact 600, a second electric contact 610 and a third electric contact 620. The first electric contact 600, the second electric contact 610 and the third electric contact 620 are only depicted schematically in Figs. 2 and 4. In Figs. 1 and 3, the first electric contact 600, the second electric contact 610 and the third electric contact 620 are omitted for clarity.
  • The first electric contact 600 is mechanically connected to the armature 300 of the first electromagnetic relay 10 such that the first electric contact 600 is moved upon movement of the armature 300 relative to the core 100 of the first electromagnetic relay 10.
  • When the armature 300 of the first electromagnetic relay 10 is in the first position 301 depicted in Figs. 1 and 2, the first electric contact 600 is in electric contact with the second electric contact 610 such that a first electric load circuit is closed. At the same time, the first electric contact 600 and the second electric contact 610 are separated and electrically isolated from the third electric contact 620 such that a second electric load circuit is broken.
  • When the armature 300 of the first electromagnetic relay 10 is in the second position 302 depicted in Figs. 3 and 4, the first electric contact 600 is in electric contact to the third electric contact 620 such that the second electric load circuit is closed. At the same time, the first electric contact 600 and the third electric contact 620 are separated and electrically isolated from the second electric contact 610 such that the first electric load circuit is broken.
  • It is possible to omit either the second electric contact 610 or the third electric contact 620. In this case the first electromagnetic relay 10 serves to only close or break either the first electric load circuit or the second electric load circuit.
  • A spring 500 is connected to the armature 300 of the first electromagnetic relay 10. The spring 500 is schematically depicted in Figs. 2 and 4. In Figs. 1 and 3 the spring 500 is omitted for clarity. The spring 500 exerts a force on the armature 300 that moves the armature 300 from the second position 302 to the first position 301. In case that no other force acts on the armature 300, the armature 300 is maintained in its first position 301 by the spring 500.
  • The spring 500 is schematically depicted as a coil spring in Figs. 2 and 4. The spring 500 may however be any kind of spring suitable to exert a force on the armature 300 that moves the armature 300 from the second position 302 to the first position 301. It is possible to design and arrange the first electromagnetical relay 10 such that a gravitational force acting on the armature 300 may be used instead of the spring 500.
  • If no electric current passes through the coil 200 of the first electromagnetic relay 10, no magnetic field is created and the armature 300 is held in the first position 300 by the spring 500.
  • If the coil 200 of the first electromagnetic relay 10 is energized such that an electric current passes through the coil 200, a magnetic field is generated. The core 100, the yoke 400 and the armature 300 form a magnetic circuit as a path for the magnetic flux of the magnetic field. In the first position 301 of the armature 300, a first air gap 330 is arranged between the armature 300 and the end portion 120 of the core 100 of the first electromagnetic relay 10. The first air gap 330 forms part of the magnetic circuit. The magnetic field generates a force that aims to reduce the reluctance of the magnetic circuit and thus aims to reduce the size of the first air gap 330. This force acts to move the armature 330 towards the end portion 120 of the core 100. The force generated by the magnetic field overcomes the force generated by the spring 500 and thus moves the armature 300 from the first position 301 towards the second position 302.
  • The armature 300 comprises a hole 310. The hole 310 comprises the shape of a circular cylinder with a diameter 311 and a length 312. The diameter 311 of the hole 310 of the armature 300 is somewhat larger than the diameter 121 of the end portion 120 of the core 100. The length 312 of the hole 310 of the armature 300 approximately matches the length 122 of the end portion 120 of the core 100. It is preferred that the length 312 of the hole 310 and the length 122 of the end portion 120 of the core 100 differ by less than 20 % or, even more preferred, by less than 10 %. It is particularly preferred that the length 312 of the hole 310 of the armature 300 and the length 122 of the end portion 120 of the core 100 differ by less than 5 %.
  • The end portion 120 of the core 100 and the hole 310 of the armature 300 are designed such that the end portion 120 of the core 100 can be arranged in the hole 310 of the armature 300 when the armature 300 is in the second position 302. In case that the end portion 120 of the core 100 comprises a shape that is different from the shape of the circular cylinder, the hole 310 of the armature 300 may be shaped accordingly.
  • When the armature 300 of the first electromagnetic relay 10 is in the second position 302, a second air gap 340 is arranged between the armatures 300 and the end portion 120 of the core 100. The second air gap 340 is smaller than the first air gap 330. The reluctance of the magnetic circuit formed by the core 100, the yoke 400, the armature 300 and the air gaps 330, 340 is thus smaller when the armature 300 is in the second position 302 than when the armature 300 is in the first position 301. Consequently, the magnetic field generated by the coil 200 moves the armature 300 from the first position 301 to the second position 302.
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic sliced side view of the first electromagnetic relay 10. In the depiction of Fig. 5 the armature 300 of the first electromagnetic relay 10 is in a third position 303. In the third position 303 the armature 300 is tilted further around the hinge 320 than in the second position 302 such that the armature 300 is closer to the pole portion 110 of the core 100 in the third position 303 than in the second position 302. Consequently, the end portion 120 of the core 100 of the first electromagnetic relay 10 has partially passed through the hole 310 of the armature 300 in the third position 303 of the armature 300. After having moved from the first position 301 to the second position 302 the armature 300 may have moved on to the third position 303 because of its inertia.
  • A third air gap 350 is arranged between the armature 300 and the end portion 120 in the third position 303 of the armature 300. The third air gap 350 is larger than the second air gap 340. Consequently, the reluctance of the magnetic circuit created by the core 100, the yoke 400, the armature 300 and the third air gap 350 is larger than the reluctance of the magnetic circuit when the armature 300 is in the second position 302. This results in a force that drives the armature 300 from its third position 303 back to its second position 302.
  • As a result, the armature 300 will be moved to the second position 302 and will remain in the second position 302 if the coil 200 is energized and an electric current passes through the coil 200 of the first electromagnetic relay 10. Once the coil 200 is de-energized, the magnetic force created by the magnetic field created by the coil 200 vanishes and the spring 500 pulls the armature 300 back into the first position 301.
  • Fig. 6 shows a schematic sliced side view of a second electromagnetic relay 20. The second electromagnetic relay 20 is largely similar to the first electromagnetic relay 10 depicted in Figs. 1 to 5. Like components are referenced with the same numerals in Fig. 6 as in Figs. 1 to 5 and will not be discussed in detail again. The following description emphasizes the differences between the second electromagnetic relay 20 and the first electromagnetic relay 10. The electric contacts 600, 610, 620 and the spring 500 of the second electromagnetic relay 20 are not shown in Fig. 6.
  • The second electromagnetic relay 20 comprises a mechanical stop 700. In Fig. 6, the mechanical stop 700 is only depicted schematically. The mechanical stop 700 is rigidly connected to the second electromagnetic relay 20 such that the relative arrangement between the mechanical stop 700 and the core 100 of the second electromagnetic relay 20 is fixed. The mechanical stop 700 can for example be connected to the core 100 or to the yoke 400.
  • The mechanical stop 700 is arranged such that the armature 300 is in contact with the mechanical stop 700 when the armature 300 is in the second position 302, as depicted in Fig. 6. When the armature 300 is in the first position 301, the armature 300 is not in contact with the mechanical stop 700. When the armature 300 is moved from the first position 301 to the second position 302, the armature 300 abuts against the mechanical stop 700 once the armature 300 has reached the second position 302. This prevents the armature 300 from moving beyond the second position 302 towards the third position 303.
  • The mechanical stop 700 may comprise an elastic or otherwise resilient material to oppress the generation of noise when the armature 300 abuts against the mechanical stop 700.
  • Fig. 7 shows a schematic sliced side view of a third electromagnetic relay 30. The third electromagnetic relay 30 is largely similar to the second electromagnetic relay 20. Like components of the second electromagnetic relay 20 and the third electromagnetic relay 30 are referenced with the same numerals in Fig. 7 as in Fig. 6 and Figs. 1 to 5 and will not be explained in detail again. The following description focuses on the differences between the third electromagnetic relay 30 and the second electromagnetic relay 20. The first electric contact 600, the second electric contact 610 and the third electric contact 620 as well as the spring 500 are not depicted in the schematic drawing of Fig. 7 for reasons of clarity.
  • The third electromagnetic relay 30 comprises a core 1100 that replaces the core 100 of the first electromagnetic relay 10 and the second electromagnetic relay 20. The core 1100 of the third electromagnetic relay 30 comprises a pole portion 1110 that extends in parallel to the longitudinal direction 101. The pole portion 1110 of the core 1100 comprises a diameter 1111 in the radial direction 102 that is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 101. An end portion 1120 of the core 1100 is arranged at a longitudinal end of the pole portion 1110. The end portion 1120 comprises a diameter 1121 in the radial direction 102. The diameter 1121 of the end portion 1120 of the core 1100 is approximately equal to the diameter 1111 of the pole portion 1110 of the core 1100.
  • The third electromagnetic relay 30 comprises an armature 1300 that replaces the armature 300 of the first electromagnetic relay 10 and the second electromagnetic relay 20. The armature 1300 comprises a hole 1310 with a diameter 1311. The diameter 1311 of the hole 1310 of the armature 1300 is chosen such that the end portion 1120 of the core 1100 of the third electromagnetic relay 30 can be arranged in the hole 1310 of the armature 1300 when the armature 1300 is in the second position 302, as shown in Fig. 7.
  • Like the second electromagnetic relay 20, the third electromagnetic relay 30 comprises a mechanical stop 700. When the armature 1300 of the third electromagnetic relay 30 is in the second position 302, the armature 1300 abuts against the mechanical stop 700.
  • Reference symbols
  • 10
    first electromagnetic relay
    20
    second electromagnetic relay
    30
    third electromagnetic relay
    100
    core
    101
    longitudinal direction
    102
    radial direction
    110
    pole portion
    111
    diameter
    120
    end portion
    121
    diameter
    122
    length
    200
    coil
    300
    armature
    301
    first position
    302
    second position
    303
    third position
    310
    hole
    311
    diameter
    312
    length
    320
    hinge
    330
    first air gap
    340
    second air gap
    350
    third air gap
    400
    yoke
    500
    spring
    600
    first electric contact
    610
    second electric contact
    620
    third electric contact
    700
    mechanical stop
    1100
    core
    1110
    pole portion
    1111
    diameter
    1120
    end portion
    1121
    diameter
    1300
    armature
    1310
    hole
    1311
    diameter

Claims (11)

  1. An electromagnetic relay (10, 20, 30) comprising
    a core (100, 1100) having a pole portion (110, 1110) and an end portion (120, 1120),
    a coil (200) being arranged around the pole portion (110, 1110) of the core (100, 1100),
    and an armature (300, 1300) being movable relative to the core (100, 1100) between a first position (301) and a second position (302),
    wherein the coil (200) is provided for generating a magnetic field that moves the armature (300, 1300) from the first position (301) to the second position (302),
    wherein the armature (300, 1300) comprises a hole (310, 1310),
    wherein the end portion (120, 1120) of the core (100, 1100) is arranged in the hole (310, 1310) when the armature (300, 1300) is in the second position (302), characterised in that an air gap (330, 340) is arranged between the armature (300, 1300) and the core (100, 1100) in the first position (301) and in the second position (302) of the armature (300, 1300).
  2. The electromagnetic relay (10, 20, 30) according to claim 1,
    wherein the air gap (330, 340) is smaller in the second position (302) of the armature (300, 1300) than in the first position (301) of the armature (300, 1300).
  3. The electromagnetic relay (10, 20) according to one of the previous claims,
    wherein the core (100) extends in a longitudinal direction (101),
    wherein the pole portion (110) comprises a first diameter (111) in a radial direction (102) which is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (101), wherein the end portion (120) comprises a second diameter (121) in the radial direction,
    wherein the second diameter (121) is larger than the first diameter (111).
  4. The electromagnetic relay (10, 20) according to claim 3,
    wherein the end portion (120) comprises a first length (122) in the longitudinal direction (101), wherein the hole (310, 1310) comprises a second length (312),
    wherein the first length (122) and the second length (312) differ by less than 20 %, preferably by less than 10 %, in particular by less than 5 %.
  5. The electromagnetic relay (20, 30) according to one of the previous claims,
    wherein the armature (300, 1300) is in contact with a mechanical stop (700) in the second position (302).
  6. The electromagnetic relay (20, 30) according to claim 5,
    wherein the mechanical stop (700) comprises an elastic material.
  7. The electromagnetic relay (20, 30) according to one of claims 5 and 6,
    wherein the mechanical stop (700) is rigidly connected to the core (100, 1100).
  8. The electromagnetic relay (10, 20, 30) according to one of the previous claims,
    wherein the electromagnetic relay (10, 20, 30) further comprises a yoke (400) being connected to the core (100, 1100).
  9. The electromagnetic relay (10, 20, 30) according to claim 8,
    wherein the armature (300, 1300) is hinged to the yoke (400).
  10. The electromagnetic relay (10, 20, 30) according to one of the previous claims,
    wherein the electromagnetic relay (10, 20, 30) further comprises a spring (500) acting to move the armature (300, 1300) from the second position (302) to the first position (301).
  11. The electromagnetic relay (10, 20, 30) according to one of the previous claims,
    wherein the electromagnetic relay (10, 20, 30) further comprises a first electric contact (600) connected to the armature (300, 1300),
    wherein the first electric contact (600) can be engaged and disengaged with a second electric contact (610, 620) by movement of the armature (300, 1300).
EP14160833.1A 2014-03-20 2014-03-20 Electromagnetic relay Not-in-force EP2922080B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14160833.1A EP2922080B1 (en) 2014-03-20 2014-03-20 Electromagnetic relay

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14160833.1A EP2922080B1 (en) 2014-03-20 2014-03-20 Electromagnetic relay

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2922080A1 EP2922080A1 (en) 2015-09-23
EP2922080B1 true EP2922080B1 (en) 2017-05-17

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14160833.1A Not-in-force EP2922080B1 (en) 2014-03-20 2014-03-20 Electromagnetic relay

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2922080B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108389756B (en) * 2018-01-26 2019-11-15 南京理工大学 A kind of relay of low noise
CN110459437B (en) * 2019-04-25 2024-07-09 厦门宏发汽车电子有限公司 Electromagnetic relay capable of reducing noise

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE898466C (en) * 1951-06-10 1953-11-30 Siemens Ag Magnetic switch, especially for railway safety devices
US2884574A (en) * 1955-09-26 1959-04-28 Jaidinger John Henry Electromagnetic relay
DE19625657A1 (en) * 1996-06-26 1998-01-02 Euchner & Co Electric lifting armature magnet
US6798322B2 (en) 2002-06-17 2004-09-28 Tyco Electronics Corporation Low noise relay

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