EP2920134A2 - Detonator-sensitive assembled booster charges for use in blasting engineering and the use thereof - Google Patents

Detonator-sensitive assembled booster charges for use in blasting engineering and the use thereof

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Publication number
EP2920134A2
EP2920134A2 EP13802260.3A EP13802260A EP2920134A2 EP 2920134 A2 EP2920134 A2 EP 2920134A2 EP 13802260 A EP13802260 A EP 13802260A EP 2920134 A2 EP2920134 A2 EP 2920134A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
detonator
sensitive
initiation
charge
weight
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13802260.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2920134B1 (en
Inventor
Jürgen Klunker
Konrad Ziegler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Est Energetics GmbH
Original Assignee
Est Energetics GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Est Energetics GmbH filed Critical Est Energetics GmbH
Priority to PL13802260T priority Critical patent/PL2920134T3/en
Priority to RS20170409A priority patent/RS55867B1/en
Priority to SI201330613T priority patent/SI2920134T1/en
Publication of EP2920134A2 publication Critical patent/EP2920134A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2920134B1 publication Critical patent/EP2920134B1/en
Priority to HRP20170639TT priority patent/HRP20170639T1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
    • C06B23/002—Sensitisers or density reducing agents, foam stabilisers, crystal habit modifiers
    • C06B23/003—Porous or hollow inert particles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
    • C06B25/34—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being a nitrated acyclic, alicyclic or heterocyclic amine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
    • C06B25/36—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being a nitroparaffin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
    • C06C7/00—Non-electric detonators; Blasting caps; Primers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques

Definitions

  • the invention relates to detonator sensitive
  • Ammonium nitrate and mineral oil or diesel oil (English fuel oil), which is used in mining as handling-safe explosive.
  • Initial explosives are found in commercial detonators. Initial explosives are characterized by high sensitivity to friction, shock, impact and heating. Bang Mercury is z. B. already by heating to 160 ° C (fuse) or by a 4 cm height detonated falling 2 kg monkey. The initial detonation with detonators was invented in 1862 by Alfred Nobel. Important initial explosives are
  • Lead styphnate (leadrinitroresorcinate), tetracene,
  • Nickel hydrazine nitrate (NHN), hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD), acetone peroxide (DADP, TATP or APEX), 3-nitrobenzene diazonium perchlorate, mercury azides,
  • Tetraamine copper (I) chlorate TACC
  • copper acetylide TACC
  • Initiation charges also referred to as an initial enhancement detonator or IV detonator
  • IV detonator is commonly used with compressed, cylindrical tetryl, trotyl, phlegmatized (reduced sensitivity) hexogen, nitropenta, picric acid, and other explosives. All these substances have in common that they have a greater sensitivity to the initial impulse than the explosive of the main charge (eg ANFO, cast TNT, powdery explosives).
  • Rock blasting is often used in addition to blasting cartridges of gelatinized explosive to initiate the main charge from powder explosives or emulsion explosives.
  • the mass and shape of the IV detonator are calculated so that the detonation produces a pulse that causes the main charge to detonate and to ignite
  • Initiation of the IV detonator is by a detonator, an electro detonator or a NE detonator
  • Non-electric detonator (Non-electric detonator) triggered.
  • IV detonators A problem with the previously used IV detonators is that they either consist of military explosives that are no longer available in the long term (TNT pressed,
  • Composition B cast, etc. or classic impact cartridges made of gelatinous explosives (dynamite successor on
  • US 3 902 933 A discloses an initial burst charge for the detonation of nitromethane.
  • the initial explosive charge is formed by a polyurethane foam which contains dispersed microspheres.
  • microspheres may be hollow glass microspheres, resin beads, ceramic beads, etc.
  • the inner channel has a small wall thickness to improve the detonation.
  • US 3 797 392 A discloses microspheres which are used to sensitize liquid explosives. These microspheres, such as glass bubbles, ceramic microspheres or silicon carbide are immediately dispersed in the liquid explosive and then ignited. In addition, the use of open-pored
  • Polyurethane foams described. is therefore to provide an IV
  • Detonator specify which is safe applicable, inexpensive and is safe to produce and also safe to handle health.
  • Initiation charge which comprises a mixture comprising a nitroalkane and a void-forming agent and a receptacle for an ignition device.
  • nitroalkanes are suitable for use in detonator sensitive
  • Nitroalkanes may be chemically, e.g. by amine addition and / or mechanically by the creation of small cavities or gas-filled cavities (foaming), i.e. they become susceptible to explosive capsules and behave like explosive explosives. To get the cavitation in
  • nitromethane blends produced with commercially available glass micro balloons (GMB) which are more than 6000 m / s detonated and capsule-sensitive (Presles et al., Shock Waves, April 1995, Volume 4, Issue 6 , Pp. 325-329).
  • Detonator-sensitive initiation charge formed from a liquid-impermeable material. This avoids leakage of the nitroalkane.
  • the detonator-sensitive initiation charge has a concave curvature which is arranged on the opposite side of the receptacle for the ignition device. Under a concave curvature is in the sense of the present
  • the concave curvature has a metallic coating.
  • the metallic coating can be made of aluminum and can be arranged on the surface of the concave curvature by means of spraying, steaming or as a metallic foil.
  • the metallic coating of the concave curvature causes a reinforcing initial pulse in a predetermined direction.
  • the concave curvature with metallic coating is of particular importance for achieving a high chemical reaction rate at which the conversion process comes very close to the theoretical value. This will be the
  • the ignition device is a detonator, detonating cord or a non-electric detonator.
  • the detonator-sensitive initiation charge has a suitable wall thickness. This ensures a secure ignition transfer from the capsule or string to the nitroalkane mixture.
  • the wall thickness is dependent on the material of the wall and the mixture used.
  • the nitroalkane is selected from a group of 1 to 3
  • the nitroalkane is nitromethane.
  • the cavity-forming means is designed as a microglass hollow sphere (GMB).
  • the cavity-forming agent is designed as a hollow glass microballoon (GMB) with a particle size of 20-200 ⁇ m, preferably 40-150 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 80-120 ⁇ m.
  • GMB hollow glass microballoon
  • the cavity-forming means is designed as a hollow glass microballoon (GMB) with a grain size of substantially 100 ⁇ m.
  • GMB hollow glass microballoon
  • the mixture comprises Aerosil.
  • Aerosil is meant here a fumed silica.
  • the Mixture 1.5-10% by weight, preferably 3-8% by weight, particularly preferably 5-7% by weight of Aerosil, 0.2-10% by weight, preferably 0.5-5% by weight %, more preferably 0.8-2% by weight
  • Microglass hollow sphere as well as 85-98,3 Gew. ⁇ 6, preferably 89-95, particularly preferably 91-93 wt .-% nitromethane.
  • the mixture comprises 6.5% by weight of Aerosil, 1% by weight of hollow glass microbeads (GMB) having a particle size of essentially 100 ⁇ m and 92.5% by weight of nitromethane.
  • the mixture further comprises at least one oxygen-containing compound selected from the group of nitrates for increasing the oxygen balance.
  • the oxygen-containing compound is ammonium nitrate.
  • Initiation charges are used to initiate non-capsule-sensitive commercial explosives, preferably in downhole and underground wells, to initiate larger booster charges and to use them directly
  • Nitroaromatics which are suspected of being carcinogenic and no nitro-esters, which are physiologically problematic by possible vasodilation, formed. This avoids health problems for the users.
  • the invention is preferred
  • Niroalkane nitromethane is a cheap, due to
  • nitromethane is not a classic explosive, which makes transport and storage convenient, and it has Storage Class 3 (Flammable Liquids).
  • nitromethane has a low toxicity: LD50 oral rat: 940 mg / kg, WGK 2.
  • the detonator-sensitive initiation charges according to the invention are in the
  • the components contained in the mixture are not explosives, which requires only low storage and transport costs.
  • Embodiments are intended to describe the invention without limiting it.
  • pure ammonium nitrate and ANFO (each with 13 g of the
  • composition according to the invention in a cylindrical initial charge) with the following composition for the detonative reaction: 6.5%, Aerosil, 1% GMBs about 100 ym, 92.5% nitromethane.
  • Detonation velocity of about 4500 m / s were measured, which is a sufficient suitability of the mixture for the initiation of non-capsule-sensitive commercial

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to detonator-sensitive assembled booster charges for use in blasting engineering. The booster charge comprises nitroalkane and a cavity-forming agent.

Description

Sprengkapselempfindliche konfektionierte  Detonator sensitive ready made
Initiierungsladungen für sprengtechnische Anwendungen und deren Verwendung  Initiation charges for explosive applications and their use
Die Erfindung betrifft sprengkapselempfindliche The invention relates to detonator sensitive
konfektionierte Initiierungsladungen für sprengtechnische Anwendungen . pre-assembled initiating charges for blasting applications.
In zivilen Sprenganwendungen werden bevorzugt unsensible, ungiftige und preiswerte Sprengstoffe verwendet, die meist auf Ammoniumnitrat basieren. Neben dem schon lange bekannten ANFO werden beispielsweise im Salzbergbau oder In civil blasting applications unsensitive, non-toxic and inexpensive explosives are used, which are mostly based on ammonium nitrate. In addition to the long known ANFO, for example, in salt mining or
Tunnelvortrieb sogenannte Pumpsprengstoffe eingesetzt. Bei letzteren unterscheidet man Emulsionssprengstoffe und  Tunneling so-called pump explosives used. In the latter one differentiates emulsion explosives and
Suspensionssprengstoffe (Slurries, Sprengschlämme) . Suspension explosives (slurries, explosive sludge).
Dabei versteht man unter ANFO (engl. Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil, Handelsname z. B. ANDEX) ein Gemisch aus porösem This is understood by ANFO (English Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil, trade name, for example, ANDEX) a mixture of porous
Ammoniumnitrat und Mineralöl bzw. Dieselöl (englisch fuel oil) , welches im Bergbau als handhabungssicherer Sprengstoff eingesetzt wird.  Ammonium nitrate and mineral oil or diesel oil (English fuel oil), which is used in mining as handling-safe explosive.
Diese Sprengstoffe benötigen zur sicheren Zündung sogenannte Initialsprengstoffe, falls nicht ausreichend, zusätzlich in Verbindung mit sprengkapselempfindlichen konfektionierten Initiierungsladungen (Booster, Verstärkerladungen oder These explosives need for safe ignition so-called initial explosives, if not sufficient, in addition in connection with pre-explosive sensitive ready-made initiating charges (boosters, booster charges or
Primer) . Initialsprengstoffe befinden sich in gewerblichen Sprengzündern.. Initialsprengstoffe zeichnen sich durch hohe Empfindlichkeit gegen Reibung, Stoß, Schlag und Erhitzung aus. Knallquecksilber wird z. B. schon durch Erhitzen auf 160°C (Zündschnur) beziehungsweise durch einen aus 4 cm Höhe herabfallenden 2-kg-Fallhammer zur Detonation gebracht. Die Initialzündung mit Sprengkapseln wurde 1862 durch Alfred Nobel erfunden. Wichtige Initialsprengstoffe sind Primer). Initial explosives are found in commercial detonators. Initial explosives are characterized by high sensitivity to friction, shock, impact and heating. Bang Mercury is z. B. already by heating to 160 ° C (fuse) or by a 4 cm height detonated falling 2 kg monkey. The initial detonation with detonators was invented in 1862 by Alfred Nobel. Important initial explosives are
Knallquecksilber (Quecksilberfulminat ) , Bleiazid, Bright mercury (mercury fulminate), lead azide,
Silberazid, Silberacetylid, Knallsilber (Silberfulminat) , Diazodinitrophenol , Bleipikrat (Trinitrophenolblei) , Silver azide, silver acetylide, pop silver (silver fulminate), diazodinitrophenol, lead picrate (trinitrophenol lead),
Bleistyphnat (Bleitrinitroresorcinat ) , Tetrazen, Lead styphnate (leadrinitroresorcinate), tetracene,
Nickelhydrazinnitrat (NHN) , Hexamethylentriperoxiddiamin (HMTD) , Acetonperoxid (DADP, TATP oder APEX) , 3- Nitrobenzoldiazoniumperchlorat , Quecksilberazide, Nickel hydrazine nitrate (NHN), hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD), acetone peroxide (DADP, TATP or APEX), 3-nitrobenzene diazonium perchlorate, mercury azides,
Tetraaminkupfer ( I I ) chlorat (TACC) und Kupferacetylid .  Tetraamine copper (I) chlorate (TACC) and copper acetylide.
Als sprengkapselempfindliche konfektionierte As a detonator sensitive ready-made
Initiierungsladungen, auch als Initial-Verstärkungs- Detonator oder IV-Detonator bezeichnet, werden gewöhnlich gepresste, zylindrische Sprengkörper aus Tetryl, Trotyl, phlegmatisiertem (Herabsetzung der Empfindlichkeit) Hexogen, Nitropenta, Pikrinsäure und anderen Sprengstoffen verwendet. All diesen Stoffen ist gemeinsam, dass sie eine größere Empfindlichkeit gegenüber dem Anfangsimpuls aufweisen als der Sprengstoff der Hauptladung (z. B. ANFO, gegossenes TNT, pulverförmige Sprengstoffe) . Als Verstärkerladung bei Initiation charges, also referred to as an initial enhancement detonator or IV detonator, are commonly used with compressed, cylindrical tetryl, trotyl, phlegmatized (reduced sensitivity) hexogen, nitropenta, picric acid, and other explosives. All these substances have in common that they have a greater sensitivity to the initial impulse than the explosive of the main charge (eg ANFO, cast TNT, powdery explosives). As booster charge at
Gesteinsprengungen werden häufig zusätzlich Schlagpatronen aus gelatiniertem Sprengstoff verwendet, um die Hauptladung aus pulverförmigen Sprengstoffen oder Emulsionssprengstoffen zu initiieren. Masse und Form des IV-Detonators werden so berechnet, dass bei der Detonation ein Impuls entsteht, der die Auslösung der Detonation der Hauptladung und das Rock blasting is often used in addition to blasting cartridges of gelatinized explosive to initiate the main charge from powder explosives or emulsion explosives. The mass and shape of the IV detonator are calculated so that the detonation produces a pulse that causes the main charge to detonate and to ignite
gewünschte Detonationsverhalten gewährleistet. Die ensures desired detonation behavior. The
Initiierung des IV-Detonators wird durch eine Sprengkapsel, einen Elektrodetonator oder einen NE-Zünder Initiation of the IV detonator is by a detonator, an electro detonator or a NE detonator
(Nichtelektrische Zünder) ausgelöst. (Non-electric detonator) triggered.
Problematisch an den bisher verwendeten IV-Detonatoren ist, dass diese entweder aus langfristig nicht mehr verfügbaren militärischen Sprengstoffen bestehen (TNT gepresst, A problem with the previously used IV detonators is that they either consist of military explosives that are no longer available in the long term (TNT pressed,
Composition B gegossen etc.) oder klassische Schlagpatronen aus gelatinösem Sprengstoff (Dynamit-Nachfolger auf Composition B cast, etc.) or classic impact cartridges made of gelatinous explosives (dynamite successor on
Sprengölbasis ) verwendet werden, welche langfristig Explosive oil base), which are long term
problematisch wird. Dabei spielen neben der erhöhten becomes problematic. It plays next to the raised
Gesundheitsgefahr durch Salpetersäureester auch die Health hazard due to nitric acid esters also the
problematische und unfallträchtige Produktion und der damit verbundene hohe Preis eine erhebliche Rolle. Die US 3 902 933 A offenbart eine Initialsprengladung für die Detonation von Nitromethan. Die Initialsprengladung wird dabei durch einen Polyurethanschaum, welcher dispergierte Mikrospheren enthält, gebildet. Solche Mikrospheren können dabei Mikroglashohlkugeln, Harzkugeln, Keramikkugeln, etc. sein. Problematic and accident-prone production and the associated high price a significant role. US 3 902 933 A discloses an initial burst charge for the detonation of nitromethane. The initial explosive charge is formed by a polyurethane foam which contains dispersed microspheres. Such microspheres may be hollow glass microspheres, resin beads, ceramic beads, etc.
Weiterhin offenbart die US 4 334 476 A eine Furthermore, US 4,334,476 A discloses a
Initialsprengladung für granuläre oder flüssige Sprengstoffe mit einem innenliegenden Kanal zur Aufnahme der  Initial charge for granular or liquid explosives with an internal channel for receiving the
Zündvorrichtung, wobei der innenliegende Kanal eine geringe Wandstärke aufweist, um die Detonation zu verbessern. Ignition device, wherein the inner channel has a small wall thickness to improve the detonation.
Dadurch wird eine Trennung von flüssigen Sprengstoff und Zündvorrichtung gewährleistet.  This ensures a separation of liquid explosive and igniter.
Schließlich offenbart die US 3 797 392 A Mikrospheren, welche zur Sensitivierung von flüssigen Explosivstoffen verwendet werden. Diese Mikrospheren, wie Glashohlkugeln, Keramikmikrospheren oder Siliziumkarbid werden umgehend in dem flüssigen Explosivstoff dispergiert und anschließend gezündet. Zudem wird die Verwendung von offenporigen Finally, US 3 797 392 A discloses microspheres which are used to sensitize liquid explosives. These microspheres, such as glass bubbles, ceramic microspheres or silicon carbide are immediately dispersed in the liquid explosive and then ignited. In addition, the use of open-pored
Polyurethanschäumen beschrieben. Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht daher darin, einen IV-Polyurethane foams described. The object of the invention is therefore to provide an IV
Detonator anzugeben, welcher sicher anwendbar, preiswert und sicher herstellbar ist und zudem gesundheitlich unbedenklich handhabbar ist. Detonator specify which is safe applicable, inexpensive and is safe to produce and also safe to handle health.
Die Aufgabe wird durch eine sprengkapselempfindliche The task is characterized by a detonator sensitive
Initiierungsladung nach Anspruch 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben. Initiation charge according to claim 1 solved. Advantageous embodiments are specified in the dependent claims.
Erfindungsgemäß wird eine sprengkapselempfindliche According to the invention, a detonator sensitive
Initiierungsladung vorgeschlagen, welche eine Mischung umfassend ein Nitroalkan und ein hohlraumbildendes Mittel umfasst sowie eine Aufnahme für eine Zündvorrichtung. Überraschenderweise wurde gefunden, dass Nitroalkane sich zum Einsatz in sprengkapselempfindlichen Initiation charge proposed, which comprises a mixture comprising a nitroalkane and a void-forming agent and a receptacle for an ignition device. Surprisingly, it has been found that nitroalkanes are suitable for use in detonator sensitive
Initiierungsladungen eignen. Initiation charges are suitable.
Nitroalkane können chemisch, z.B. durch Aminzusatz und/oder mechanisch durch Erzeugung von kleinen Hohlräumen oder gasgefüllten Kavitäten (Aufschäumung) aktiviert werden, d.h., sie werden sprengkapselempfindlich und verhalten sich wie brisante Sprengstoffe. Um die Hohlraumbildner in Nitroalkanes may be chemically, e.g. by amine addition and / or mechanically by the creation of small cavities or gas-filled cavities (foaming), i.e. they become susceptible to explosive capsules and behave like explosive explosives. To get the cavitation in
gleichmäßiger Verteilung zu halten, ist die Zugabe eines Thixotropierungsmittels angezeigt. Derartige Mischungen wurden in der US 3713915 offenbart. uniform distribution, the addition of a thixotropic agent is indicated. Such mixtures were disclosed in US 3713915.
Weiterhin sind Nitromethan-Mischungen bekannt, welche mit kommerziell verfügbaren Mikroglashohlkugeln (glass micro balloons, GMB) erzeugte wurden und die mit mehr als 6000 m/s detonierten und kapselempfindlich sind (Presles et al . Shock Waves, April 1995, Volume 4, Issue 6, S. 325-329). Also known are nitromethane blends produced with commercially available glass micro balloons (GMB) which are more than 6000 m / s detonated and capsule-sensitive (Presles et al., Shock Waves, April 1995, Volume 4, Issue 6 , Pp. 325-329).
In einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die In one embodiment of the invention is the
sprengkapselempfindliche Initiierungsladung aus einem flüssigkeitsundurchlässigen Material ausgebildet. Dadurch wird ein Austreten des Nitroalkans vermieden. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist die sprengkapselempfindliche Initiierungsladung eine konkave Wölbung auf, welche auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite der Aufnahme für die Zündvorrichtung angeordnet ist. Unter einer konkaven Wölbung wird dabei im Sinne der vorliegenden Detonator-sensitive initiation charge formed from a liquid-impermeable material. This avoids leakage of the nitroalkane. In a further embodiment of the invention, the detonator-sensitive initiation charge has a concave curvature which is arranged on the opposite side of the receptacle for the ignition device. Under a concave curvature is in the sense of the present
Erfindung eine kegelförmige oder auch halbkugelförmige Invention a conical or hemispherical
Wölbung in Richtung Zentrum der Initiierungsladung Bulging towards the center of the initiation charge
verstanden. Durch die konkave Wölbung wird der Effekt einer Hohlladung erzielt, wodurch eine erhöhte Understood. Due to the concave curvature the effect of a shaped charge is achieved, whereby an increased
Detonationsgeschwindigkeit erzielt wird. Durch die Wölbung wird die durch die Detonation freigesetzte Energie in dieser Richtung verstärkt. Daher wird die Initiierungsladung mit der konkaven Wölbung in Richtung der Hauptladung eingesetzt. Durch die vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung mit konkaver Wölbung wird die Effektivität der erfindungsgemäßen Detonation speed is achieved. The curvature amplifies the energy released by the detonation in this direction. Therefore, the initiating charge having the concave curvature is used in the direction of the main charge. Due to the advantageous embodiment with concave curvature, the effectiveness of the invention
Initiierungsladung noch einmal wesentlich gesteigert.  Initiation charge increased significantly again.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist die konkave Wölbung eine metallische Beschichtung auf. Die metallische Beschichtung kann dabei etwa aus Aluminium ausgebildet sein und mittels Besprühen, Bedampfen oder als metallische Folie auf der Oberfläche der konkaven Wölbung angeordnet werden. Die metallische Beschichtung der konkaven Wölbung bewirkt dabei einen verstärkenden Initialimpuls in vorgegebener Richtung. Die konkave Wölbung mit metallischer Beschichtung ist von besonderer Bedeutung zur Erzielung einer hohen chemischen Umsetzungsgeschwindigkeit, bei der der Umsetzungsprozess dem theoretischen Wert sehr nahe kommt. Dadurch wird der In a further embodiment of the invention, the concave curvature has a metallic coating. In this case, the metallic coating can be made of aluminum and can be arranged on the surface of the concave curvature by means of spraying, steaming or as a metallic foil. The metallic coating of the concave curvature causes a reinforcing initial pulse in a predetermined direction. The concave curvature with metallic coating is of particular importance for achieving a high chemical reaction rate at which the conversion process comes very close to the theoretical value. This will be the
Schadstoffgehalt in den Bohrlochladesäulen bei den Pollutant content in the borehole loading columns in the
anzuregenden gewerblichen Sprengstoffen signifikant to be stimulated commercial explosives significantly
gemildert . In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Zündvorrichtung eine Sprengkapsel, Sprengschnur oder ein nichtelektrischer Zünder. tempered. In a further embodiment of the invention, the ignition device is a detonator, detonating cord or a non-electric detonator.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist die sprengkapselempfindliche Initiierungsladung eine geeignete Wanddicke auf. Dadurch wird so eine sichere Zündübertragung von der Kapsel oder Schnur auf die Nitroalkanmischung gewährleistet. Die Wanddicke ist dabei abhängig von dem Material der Wandung sowie der verwendeten Mischung. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist das Nitroalkan ausgewählt aus einer Gruppe mit 1 bis 3 In a further embodiment of the invention, the detonator-sensitive initiation charge has a suitable wall thickness. This ensures a secure ignition transfer from the capsule or string to the nitroalkane mixture. The wall thickness is dependent on the material of the wall and the mixture used. In a further embodiment of the invention, the nitroalkane is selected from a group of 1 to 3
Kohlenstoffatomen . Carbon atoms.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist das Nitroalkan Nitromethan. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist das hohlraumbildende Mittel als Mikroglashohlkugel (GMB) ausgeführt . In another embodiment of the invention, the nitroalkane is nitromethane. In a further embodiment of the invention, the cavity-forming means is designed as a microglass hollow sphere (GMB).
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist das hohlraumbildende Mittel als Mikroglashohlkugel (GMB) mit einer Korngröße von 20-200 ym, vorzugsweise 40-150 ym, besonders bevorzugt 80-120 ym ausgeführt. In a further embodiment of the invention, the cavity-forming agent is designed as a hollow glass microballoon (GMB) with a particle size of 20-200 μm, preferably 40-150 μm, particularly preferably 80-120 μm.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist das hohlraumbildende Mittel als Mikroglashohlkugel (GMB) mit einer Korngröße von im Wesentlichen 100 ym ausgeführt. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung umfasst die Mischung Aerosil. Unter Aerosil wird hierbei eine pyrogene Kieselsäure verstanden. In a further embodiment of the invention, the cavity-forming means is designed as a hollow glass microballoon (GMB) with a grain size of substantially 100 μm. In a further embodiment of the invention, the mixture comprises Aerosil. By Aerosil is meant here a fumed silica.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist die Mischung 1,5-10 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 3-8 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt 5-7 Gew.-% Aerosil, 0,2-10 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 0,5-5 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt 0,8-2 Gew.-% In a further embodiment of the invention, the Mixture 1.5-10% by weight, preferably 3-8% by weight, particularly preferably 5-7% by weight of Aerosil, 0.2-10% by weight, preferably 0.5-5% by weight %, more preferably 0.8-2% by weight
Mikroglashohlkugel (GMB) sowie 85-98,3 Gew . ~6 , vorzugsweise 89-95, besonders bevorzugt 91-93 Gew.-% Nitromethan auf. Microglass hollow sphere (GMB) as well as 85-98,3 Gew. ~ 6, preferably 89-95, particularly preferably 91-93 wt .-% nitromethane.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist die Mischung 6,5 Gew.-% Aerosil, 1 Gew.-% Mikroglashohlkugel (GMB) mit einer Korngröße von im Wesentlichen 100 ym sowie 92,5 Gew.-% Nitromethan auf. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform umfasst die Mischung weiterhin zumindest eine sauerstoffhaltige Verbindung ausgewählt aus der Gruppe der Nitrate zur Erhöhung der Sauerstoffbilanz . In einer Ausgestaltung der Ausführungsform ist die sauerstoffhaltige Verbindung Ammoniumnitrat. Gegenstand der Erfindung ist auch die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen sprengkapselempfindlichen In a further embodiment of the invention, the mixture comprises 6.5% by weight of Aerosil, 1% by weight of hollow glass microbeads (GMB) having a particle size of essentially 100 μm and 92.5% by weight of nitromethane. In a further embodiment, the mixture further comprises at least one oxygen-containing compound selected from the group of nitrates for increasing the oxygen balance. In one embodiment of the embodiment, the oxygen-containing compound is ammonium nitrate. The invention also relates to the use of the explosive capsule-sensitive invention
Initiierungsladung . Initiation charge.
Die erfindungsgemäßen sprengkapselempfindlichen The explosive capsule-sensitive invention
Initiierungsladungen werden zur Initiierung von nicht kapselempfindlichen gewerblichen Sprengstoffen, vorzugsweise in Bohrlöchern über und unter Tage, zur Initiierung von größeren Verstärkerladungen und zum Direkteinsatz für Initiation charges are used to initiate non-capsule-sensitive commercial explosives, preferably in downhole and underground wells, to initiate larger booster charges and to use them directly
Sondersprengungen (Lawinen, Eis, etc.) verwendet. Special blasting (avalanches, ice, etc.) used.
Insbesondere werden die erfindungsgemäßen In particular, the inventive
sprengkapselempfindlichen Initiierungsladungen zur Blast capsule-sensitive initiation charges for
Initiierung von Sprengstoffen in Montananwendungen und im Tunnelbau verwendet.  Initiation of explosives used in mining applications and in tunneling.
Die erfindungsgemäßen sprengkapselempfindlichen The explosive capsule-sensitive invention
Initiierungsladungen weisen dabei die nachfolgenden Vorteile auf: Mit den erfindungsgemäßen sprengkapselempfindlichen Initiation charges have the following advantages: With the explosive capsule-sensitive invention
Initiierungsladungen werden Detonationsgeschwindigkeit ca. 6000 m/s erreicht, wodurch nicht kapselempfindliche Initiation charges are reached detonation speed about 6000 m / s, which is not capsule sensitive
Sprengstoffe zur Detonation gebracht werden können. Explosives can be detonated.
Weiterhin werden bei der Verwendung der Furthermore, when using the
sprengkapselempfindlichen Initiierungsladungen keine Explosive capsule-sensitive initiation charges None
Nitroaromaten, welche im Verdacht stehen krebserregend zu sein und kein keine Nitroester, welches physiologisch problematisch durch mögliche Vasodilatation sind, gebildet. Dadurch werden gesundheitliche Probleme bei den Anwendern vermieden. Zudem ist das erfindungsgemäß bevorzugte Nitroaromatics, which are suspected of being carcinogenic and no nitro-esters, which are physiologically problematic by possible vasodilation, formed. This avoids health problems for the users. In addition, the invention is preferred
Niroalkan Nitromethan ein preiswertes, aufgrund der Niroalkane nitromethane is a cheap, due to
Gasphasennitrierung von Propan, langfristig verfügbares Produkt, welches - auch dann noch, wenn recycelte Gas phase nitration of propane, long-term available product, which - even if recycled
militärische Sprengstoffe knapp werden military explosives are scarce
Weiterhin ist Nitromethan kein klassischer Explosivstoff, wodurch Transport und Lagerung günstig sind und weist die Lagerklasse 3 (Entzündbare flüssige Stoffe) auf. Daneben weist Nitromethan eine geringe Giftigkeit auf: LD50 oral Ratte: 940 mg/kg, WGK 2. Furthermore, nitromethane is not a classic explosive, which makes transport and storage convenient, and it has Storage Class 3 (Flammable Liquids). In addition, nitromethane has a low toxicity: LD50 oral rat: 940 mg / kg, WGK 2.
Vorteilhaft ist auch, dass bei Beschädigung der It is also advantageous that damage to the
erfindungsgemäßen sprengkapselempfindlichen Explosive capsule-sensitive invention
Initiierungsladungen diese sich durch vollständige Initiation charges this through complete
Verflüchtigung des Nitromethans an der Luft selbst Volatilization of nitromethane in the air itself
„entschärfen". "defuse".
Die erfindungsgemäßen sprengkapselempfindlichen The explosive capsule-sensitive invention
Initiierungsladungen sind absolut wasserfest und Initiation charges are absolutely waterproof and
temperaturbeständig ausgeführt. Es erfolgt kein Ausschwitzen der Flüssigkeiten. Dadurch sind die erfindungsgemäßen sprengkapselempfindlichen Initiierungsladungen in der temperature resistant. There is no exudation of the liquids. As a result, the detonator-sensitive initiation charges according to the invention are in the
Mischung mit Aerosil und GMB ' s praktisch unbegrenzt lagerfähig, da keine chemischen Reaktionen der Blend with Aerosil and GMB's virtually unlimited storable, since no chemical reactions of the
Mischungskomponenten auftreten. Mixing components occur.
Weiterhin erfordert die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen sprengkapselempfindlichen Initiierungsladungen keine Furthermore, the preparation of the detonator-sensitive initiation charges according to the invention does not require any
gefährlichen Schmelzvorgänge. Zudem ist nach Mischung der Komponenten keine lange Wartezeit notwendig, weshalb die Herstellung sich in einfacher Weise gut unter Sicherheit (von Personen getrennt) automatisiert gestalten lässt. dangerous melting processes. In addition, after mixing the components no long waiting time is necessary, which is why the production can be easily in a simple manner under security (separated from people) to make automated.
Wesentlich ist auch, dass die in der Mischung enthaltenen Komponenten keine Explosivstoffe sind, was nur geringe Lager und Transportkosten erforderlich macht. It is also essential that the components contained in the mixture are not explosives, which requires only low storage and transport costs.
Bevorzugte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Kombinationen der Ansprüche oder einzelner Merkmale davon . Nachfolgend soll die Erfindung anhand einiger Preferred embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the combinations of the claims or individual features thereof. The invention is based on some
Ausführungsbeispiele eingehend erläutert werden. Die  Embodiments will be explained in detail. The
Ausführungsbeispiele sollen dabei die Erfindung beschreiben ohne diese zu beschränken. Embodiments are intended to describe the invention without limiting it.
In einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wurde reines Ammoniumnitrat und ANFO (jeweils mit 13 g der In one embodiment of the invention, pure ammonium nitrate and ANFO (each with 13 g of the
erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzung in einer zylindrischen Initialladung) mit folgender Zusammensetzung zur detonativen Umsetzung gebracht: 6,5 %, Aerosil, 1% GMBs ca. 100 ym, 92,5 % Nitromethan. Dabei wurden Detonationsgeschwindigkeit von ca. 4500 m/s gemessen, was eine hinreichende Eignung der Mischung zur Initiierung von nicht kapselempfindlichen gewerblichen composition according to the invention in a cylindrical initial charge) with the following composition for the detonative reaction: 6.5%, Aerosil, 1% GMBs about 100 ym, 92.5% nitromethane. Detonation velocity of about 4500 m / s were measured, which is a sufficient suitability of the mixture for the initiation of non-capsule-sensitive commercial
Sprengstoffen, zur Initiierung von größeren Explosives, for the initiation of larger ones
Verstärkerladungen und zum Direkteinsatz für Sondersprengungen (Lawinen, Eis, etc.) zeigen Booster charges and for direct use for Special explosions (avalanches, ice, etc.) show

Claims

Sprengkapselempfindliche konfektionierte Initiierungsladungen für sprengtechnische Anwendungen und deren Verwendung Patentansprüche Detonator sensitive preformed initiating charges for explosive applications and their use. Claims
1. Sprengkapselempfindliche Initiierungsladung für 1. Detonator-sensitive initiation charge for
sprengtechnische Anwendungen umfassend eine Mischung umfassend ein Nitroalkan und ein hohlraumbildendes Mittel sowie eine Aufnahme für eine Zündvorrichtung.  Blasting applications comprising a mixture comprising a nitroalkane and a void-forming agent and a receiver for an ignition device.
2. Sprengkapselempfindliche Initiierungsladung nach 2. Detonator-sensitive initiation charge after
Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die  Claim 1, characterized in that the
Initiierungsladung aus einem flüssigkeitsundurchlässigen Material ausgebildet ist.  Initiation charge is formed of a liquid-impermeable material.
3. Sprengkapselempfindliche Initiierungsladung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Initiierungsladung eine konkave Wölbung aufweist, welche auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite der Aufnahme für die Zündvorrichtung angeordnet ist. 3. Detonator-sensitive initiating charge according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the initiating charge has a concave curvature, which is arranged on the opposite side of the receptacle for the ignition device.
4. Sprengkapselempfindliche Initiierungsladung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die konkave Wölbung eine metallische Beschichtung aufweist . 4. Detonator-sensitive initiating charge according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the concave curvature has a metallic coating.
5. Sprengkapselempfindliche Initiierungsladung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zündvorrichtung eine Sprengkapsel, Sprengschnur oder ein nichtelektrischer Zünder ist. 5. detonator sensitive initiation charge according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ignition device is a detonator, detonating cord or a non-electric igniter.
6. Sprengkapselempfindliche Initiierungsladung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Nitroalkan ausgewählt aus einer Gruppe mit 1 bis 3 Kohlenstoffatomen . 6. detonator-sensitive initiation charge according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the nitroalkane selected from a group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
7. Sprengkapselempfindliche Initiierungsladung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Nitroalkan Nitromethan ist. 7. Detonator-sensitive initiation charge according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the nitroalkane is nitromethane.
8. Sprengkapselempfindliche Initiierungsladung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das hohlraumbildende Mittel als Mikroglashohlkugel ausgebildet ist. 8. detonator-sensitive initiation charge according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cavity-forming means is designed as a microglass hollow sphere.
9. Sprengkapselempfindliche Initiierungsladung nach 9. Detonator-sensitive initiation charge after
Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das  Claim 8, characterized in that the
hohlraumbildende Mittel als Mikroglashohlkugel mit einer Korngröße von 20-200 ym, vorzugsweise 40-150 ym, besonders bevorzugt 80-120 ym ausgeführt ist.  cavity-forming agent is designed as a microglass hollow sphere with a particle size of 20-200 ym, preferably 40-150 ym, particularly preferably 80-120 ym.
10. Sprengkapselempfindliche Initiierungsladung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, weiterhin umfassend eine pyrogene Kieselsäure. A detonator sensitive initiation charge according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a fumed silica.
11. Sprengkapselempfindliche Initiierungsladung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mischung 1,5-10 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 3-8 Gew.- %, besonders bevorzugt 5-7 Gew.-% Aerosil, 0,2-10 Gew.- %, vorzugsweise 0,5-5 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt 0,8-2 Gew.-% Mikroglashohlkugel sowie 85-98,3 Gew.-%, 11. detonator-sensitive initiating charge according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mixture 1.5-10 wt .-%, preferably 3-8 wt%, particularly preferably 5-7 wt .-% Aerosil, 0.2- 10% by weight, preferably 0.5-5% by weight, particularly preferably 0.8-2% by weight hollow glass microballoon and 85-98.3% by weight,
vorzugsweise 89-95, besonders bevorzugt 91-93 Gew.-% Nitromethan aufweist.  preferably 89-95, more preferably 91-93 wt .-% nitromethane.
12. Sprengkapselempfindliche Initiierungsladung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mischung 6,5 Gew.-% Aerosil, 1 Gew.-% 12. Detonator-sensitive initiation charge after a of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mixture contains 6.5% by weight of Aerosil, 1% by weight.
Mikroglashohlkugel mit einer Korngröße von im  Microglass hollow sphere with a particle size of
Wesentlichen 100 ym sowie 92,5 Gew.-% Nitromethan aufweist .  Substantially 100 ym and 92.5 wt .-% nitromethane has.
13. Sprengkapselempfindliche Initiierungsladung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, weiterhin umfassend eine sauerstoffhaltige Verbindung ausgewählt aus der Gruppe der Nitrate. A detonator sensitive initiation charge according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising an oxygen-containing compound selected from the group of nitrates.
14. Verwendung einer sprengkapselempfindlichen 14. Use of a detonator sensitive
Initiierungsladung zur Initiierung von nicht  Initiation charge to initiate not
kapselempfindlichen gewerblichen Sprengstoffen, vorzugsweise in Bohrlöchern über und unter Tage, zur Initiierung von größeren Verstärkerladungen und zum Direkteinsatz für Sondersprengungen.  capsule-sensitive commercial explosives, preferably in wells above and below ground, for the initiation of larger booster charges and for direct use for special blasting.
15. Verwendung nach Anspruch 14 zur Initiierung von 15. Use according to claim 14 for the initiation of
Sprengstoffen in Montananwendungen und im Tunnelbau.  Explosives in mining applications and in tunneling.
EP13802260.3A 2012-11-14 2013-11-12 Detonator-sensitive assembled booster charges for use in blasting engineering and the use thereof Active EP2920134B1 (en)

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PL13802260T PL2920134T3 (en) 2012-11-14 2013-11-12 Detonator-sensitive assembled booster charges for use in blasting engineering and the use thereof
RS20170409A RS55867B1 (en) 2012-11-14 2013-11-12 Detonator-sensitive assembled booster charges for use in blasting engineering and the use thereof
SI201330613T SI2920134T1 (en) 2012-11-14 2013-11-12 Detonator-sensitive assembled booster charges for use in blasting engineering and the use thereof
HRP20170639TT HRP20170639T1 (en) 2012-11-14 2017-04-24 Detonator-sensitive assembled booster charges for use in blasting engineering and the use thereof

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ES2624300T3 (en) 2017-07-13

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