EP2917008B1 - Method for reducing the emissions of volatile organic compounds from wooden materials and wooden material - Google Patents

Method for reducing the emissions of volatile organic compounds from wooden materials and wooden material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2917008B1
EP2917008B1 EP13792612.7A EP13792612A EP2917008B1 EP 2917008 B1 EP2917008 B1 EP 2917008B1 EP 13792612 A EP13792612 A EP 13792612A EP 2917008 B1 EP2917008 B1 EP 2917008B1
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Prior art keywords
additive
wood
activated carbon
emission
use according
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2917008C0 (en
EP2917008A1 (en
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Joachim Hasch
Julia BOROWKA
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Swiss Krono Tec AG
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Swiss Krono Tec AG
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
    • B27N1/003—Pretreatment of moulding material for reducing formaldehyde gas emission
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21J—FIBREBOARD; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM CELLULOSIC FIBROUS SUSPENSIONS OR FROM PAPIER-MACHE
    • D21J1/00—Fibreboard

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the use of activated carbon in a process for the production of OSB boards, said to reduce or reduce the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and optionally very volatile organic compounds (VVOC), in particular terpenes and acids, the production be treated with at least activated carbon as an additive. According to the invention, the treatment is carried out with an activated carbon additive.
  • the present application is directed to the use of activated carbon to reduce or reduce the emission of VOC and optionally VVOC, in particular to reduce the emission of terpenes and acids as well as aldehydes.
  • Lignocellulose or lignocellulose-containing materials such as wood and wood comminution products and wood-based materials produced therefrom, such as wood-based panels, contain, inter alia, volatile organic compounds (VOC) and very volatile organic compounds (VVOC).
  • VOC volatile organic compounds
  • VVOC very volatile organic compounds
  • the emission of these VOC and VVOC, also referred to as the total amount of volatile compounds (TVOC), from the wood-based materials (HWS) poses a serious problem in view of the increasing use of wood-like products indoors.
  • the volatile organic compounds include saturated and unsaturated aldehydes all volatile organic substances whose retention time in the gas chromatograph is between C6 (hexane) and C16 (hexadecane).
  • the VOC are not a homogeneous substance class, but a hodgepodge of compounds.
  • VVOC very volatile organic compounds
  • these VVOCs also occur in the manufacture but also in the use of wood-based materials.
  • these compounds can occur during the curing of adhesives, on the other hand, these compounds can occur through the conversion of compounds present in the wood material.
  • the emission of VOCs in particular is essentially based on the release of compounds originating from the wood-based material.
  • the release of volatile organic compounds and very volatile organic compounds depends, among other things, on the type and condition of the lignocelluloses, such as the type of wood, the duration of storage, the storage conditions of the wood or the comminution products of the wood, and can occur in different chemical compositions and quantities happen.
  • the VOC essentially originate from the extractive substances of the lignocelluloses, eg from the wood or conversion products. Prominent representatives of these are substances such as ⁇ -pinene, ⁇ -pinene, ⁇ -3-carene. These components are found above all in coniferous trees, which are used as the starting wood for wood-based panels.
  • Transformation products that occur, for example, during storage and processing of the wood and the comminution products are aldehydes such as pentanal and hexanal.
  • fugitives organic compounds and very volatile organic compounds can also arise when certain adhesives are used in the manufacture of wood-based materials.
  • VOC emission from wood-based materials is essentially based on a wood-related release and not on one due to the adhesive used.
  • OSB panels are also used in construction. Since OSB panels usually do not have an emission-reducing coating and are installed in large quantities, especially as a surface of the panel, based on the total number of cubic meters of the room or building, high VOC releases can occur.
  • the additives used hitherto can partially reduce the reactivity of the adhesives used turned out to be particularly disadvantageous.
  • mechanical parameters of the wood-based panels to be produced are influenced and usually deteriorate.
  • the adhesive is added in larger amounts in order to achieve the required and/or desired mechanical properties to achieve parameters.
  • TVOC such as the VOC and possibly VVOC
  • new additives not only have to reduce the direct emissions of VOCs during the manufacturing process, but also in particular the emissions of VOCs and VVOCs, in particular of terpenes and acids, but also compounds that are released as secondary or tertiary emissions as degradation products of fatty acids from the wood-based materials become, decrease.
  • JP 2003 080509 A describes the use of fibrous or powdered carbon in wood fiber boards.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of providing the use of activated carbon in a process for the production of OSB panels, this also reducing or reducing emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and very volatile organic compounds (VVOC). show a longer period of time. This means that the emission of VOCs as well as VVOCs should be significantly reduced both during manufacture and during later use.
  • the additives used should not themselves have any toxic properties and do not negatively affect the manufacturing process itself, in particular not reduce the reactivity of the adhesives used. On the other hand, the additives should reduce as much as possible the emission of the heterogeneous class of volatile organic compounds as well as the very volatile organic compounds or the formation of these from components of the wood-based materials.
  • An essential aspect of the present invention is the use of activated carbon as an additive.
  • emission reduction or “emission reduction”, which are used synonymously, is primarily understood to mean that the total amount of a volatile organic compound (Total Volatile Organic Compounds TVOC) is lower compared to a wood-based material without this additive. i.e. in the production of corresponding wood-based materials or when treating corresponding wood-based materials with the additive as defined herein, the emission of the total amount of VOC or TVOC is lower or lower than in a comparison wood-based material that is obtainable without using the additive.
  • Total Volatile Organic Compounds TVOC Total Volatile Organic Compounds TVOC
  • the expression "avoidance of emission” includes a reduction in percentage compared to the control or a reduction in emission to a level below the measurement limit.
  • lignocellulose-containing comminution products and “lignocellulose particles” are used synonymously.
  • Another advantage of reducing or lowering the emission of TVOC is that, for example, the emission of substances that continue to contribute to an unpleasant odor in the wood-based materials, such as acetic acid, which is foul-smelling, but also the typical aldehyde, in particular formaldehyde, is also reduced in emission -Smell these records.
  • Activated carbon is understood to mean carbon structures made from the smallest graphite crystals and amorphous carbon with a porous structure and internal surfaces (BET surface), usually in a range between 300 and 2000 m 2 /g.
  • Activated carbon can be in powder form, as granules, or in other forms.
  • the activated carbon is preferably one with a Density between 0.2 to 0.6 g/cm 3 , the preferred pore size of the activated carbon being in the range from ⁇ 1 nm to 50 nm.
  • Activated carbon can be made from plant, animal or mineral raw materials. Accordingly, the activated charcoal can come from hard, wood, lignite, but also from vegetable components such as coconut shells, fruit kernels, etc., as well as from animal charcoal.
  • Activated carbon has been known as an adsorbent for a long time, e.g. it is used to remove unwanted or harmful colorants and odors from gases, vapors and liquids etc. They are also known in chemical cleaning processes and for the adsorption of e.g. toxins in the pharmaceutical sector.
  • Activated carbon is known as a means for sorption, such as adsorption of liquids or gases, for a short period of time, but not as a means for permanent use.
  • the activated carbon can be added to the lignocellulose-containing comminution products in solid form as a powder, preferably with a grain diameter of less than 1 mm and/or as granules with a grain size of less than 4 mm.
  • the additive is introduced, for example, in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 20% by weight on atro lignocellulose.
  • Suitable areas are e.g. B. those with 0.1% by weight to 1.5% by weight, such as 0.1% by weight to 5% by weight, based on atro lignocellulose.
  • activated carbon has various advantages. From an economic point of view, activated carbon has high availability and low price. In the manufacturing process itself, the disadvantages of previous additives can be overcome. Thus, a dosage as a solid take place, whereby the moisture content of the starting materials and/or the wood-based panels is not increased. Additional drying with corresponding additional costs is therefore not necessary. Furthermore, the activated carbon has no reactivity with the adhesive used, so that the reactivity and processability of this, for example its curing speed, is not impaired. As a result, it is not necessary to add larger amounts of adhesive in order to compensate for deteriorations in the reactivity of these due to the addition of additives.
  • the total emission of VOCs, possibly including VVOCs, from the wood-based materials is reduced, with this reduction not being limited to one class of substances, but reducing both the emission of aldehydes and of terpenes and acids.
  • the TVOC value and the R value of the wood-based materials produced are thus significantly reduced, particularly in the form of wood-based panels such as OSB panels.
  • the additive can be added at different times in the production process.
  • the additive can be added either in solid form or, if appropriate, in the form of a suspension or dispersion.
  • the activated carbon is preferably added as powder granules in solid form.
  • the additive can be added in all areas of the wood-based materials to be produced. In the case of OSB boards, for example, the additive can only be present in individual areas of these.
  • the additive can be metered into the top layer and/or middle layer, e.g. B. alone in the middle class.
  • the additive can be present in different proportions by weight in the top layer or middle layer.
  • one of the layers may contain up to 5% by weight, such as 5% by weight, while the other layer contains 7.5% or 10% of the additive.
  • the proportions in both layers can also be the same.
  • the activated carbon can be used in powder form before the dryer and/or after the dryer in the chute of the lignocellulosic comminution products for controlling and/or before and/or after gluing them and/or in the gluing with the appropriate adhesive, such as a PMDI adhesive , take place.
  • the appropriate adhesive such as a PMDI adhesive
  • the additive is added.
  • the dosage is z. B. 0.1 to 20 wt.% On atro lignocellulose, such as 0.1 to 7.5 wt.%, z. B. 0.1 to 5 wt.% On atro lignocellulose.
  • Adhesives based on isocyanates or polyurethane adhesive (PU adhesive) or mixtures thereof can be used as adhesives.
  • the adhesive is a formaldehyde-free adhesive such as an isocyanate-based adhesive such as PMDI.
  • lignocelluloses are understood as meaning lignocellulose-containing materials, such as wood. Comminuted products of lignocelluloses obtained therefrom include wood strands.
  • the lignocelluloses such as the wood materials and the comminution products thereof, can be both softwoods and hardwoods. Mixtures of these two types of wood are also possible.
  • the strands preferably come from conifers.
  • the wood-based materials that can be produced with the manufacturing process described can, according to a known procedures are produced. If appropriate, the method can also be supplemented by other methods known to those skilled in the art for reducing the emission of volatile organic compounds, very volatile organic compounds.
  • the present invention relates to the use of activated carbon as an additive in the production of OSB panels from wood strands, in particular for reducing or reducing the emission of VOC, TVOC and/or VVOC.
  • the additive is introduced or applied during the production process of the lignocellulose, which is present, for example, in the form of comminution particles containing lignocellulose (lignocellulose-containing particles).
  • the additive can be used at least in the top layer or the middle layer or in both layers of OSB panels. According to the invention, the additive can be used in an amount of 0.1% by weight to 20% by weight of solids, such as 0.1% by weight to 7.5% by weight, e.g. B. 0.1% by weight to 5% by weight, based on atro lignocellulose.
  • wood-based materials are provided, obtainable through the use according to the invention.
  • This wood-based material is an OSB panel.
  • the wood-based materials are characterized in that they show a reduced or reduced emission of TVOC over a long period of time, this also including in particular a reduction or reduction in terpenes and acids. Furthermore, it was found that the mechanical properties of the wood-based materials produced are not negatively influenced, or only to a small extent, as shown, for example, in Table 3 below.
  • a reference board (board 1) with 100% PMDI glue and a thickness of 12 mm was produced on the laboratory press. Subsequently, three experimental plates were made using activated carbon. Plate 2 contains 5% activated carbon powder on atro wood in the top layer. Panel 3 contains 5% activated carbon powder on atro wood in the middle layer and in panel 4, 10% activated carbon powder on atro wood was added to the middle layer.
  • Table 1 below contains an overview of the test panels produced. These were then examined for their emission behavior in a test chamber and evaluated over a period of 28 days according to the AgBB scheme.
  • Table 1 plate thickness gluing dosage 1 12 100% PMDI "0" - default disk 2 12 100% PMDI OSB board with 5% AK in top layer 3 12 100% PMDI OSB board with 5% AK in the middle layer 4 12 100% PMDI OSB board with 10% AK in middle layer
  • the emission measurements were carried out in test chambers made of glass desiccators with a volume of 23.5 liters. The tests were based on ISO 16 000 part 9 (2008). Accordingly, standard conditions were a temperature of 23 °C, a relative humidity of 50 % and an air velocity near the sample surface of 0.1 to 0.3 m s-2.
  • the standard loading was around 720 cm 2 emitting area, ie the loading degree of the chamber was 3.1 m2 m-3; the air exchange with high-purity synthetic air in the Test chamber was performed 3.1 times per hour. This resulted in a standard area-specific air exchange rate of 1 m 3 /(m 2 *h).
  • the minimum test duration was 28 days, with air sampling taking place one and three days after sample introduction and weekly thereafter.
  • Sampling was carried out according to ISO 16 000 Part 6 (2004) using a pump and tubes filled with the adsorbent Tenax TA ® .
  • the respective sample intake volume was 0.5 to a maximum of 4 liters of test chamber air.
  • the tubes filled with Tenax TA were thermally cleaned before each air sampling and charged with 200 ng deuterated toluene as an internal standard.
  • the sampled Tenax TA was thermally desorbed (TD) and the substances were transferred to a gas chromatograph (GC) coupled with a mass spectrometer (MS) via a cryofocusing unit.
  • GC gas chromatograph
  • MS mass spectrometer
  • VOC emission measurements show the strongest effect of a reduction in the case of dosing the activated carbon powder in the middle layer.
  • a dosage of 5% on atro wood activated carbon leads to a strong reduction in VOC emissions.
  • the TVOC value is reduced from 999.1 ⁇ g/m 3 to 265.6 ⁇ g/m 3 (panel 3).
  • the R value is also greatly reduced from 3.3 to 1 compared to reference panel 1.
  • Sample 1 corresponds to the activated carbon from the previous examples.
  • the second activated carbon is a product of the company Donaucarbon (product Desorex K47 F). The material is pressed and not as soft as Poch's first product.
  • sample 2 Compared to the zero sample, the strongest reduction was in sample 2, in which the activated carbon from Poch was used.
  • the TVOC value is more than halved, as well as the formaldehyde level reduced to 0.008 ppm after 28 days.
  • the strongest reduction occurs at the R value to 0.170.
  • Sample 1 using the activated carbon from Donaucarbon also shows a strong Reduction of VOC emissions.
  • Activated carbon has a high adsorption capacity due to its high inner surface. Due to the high, open-pored structure, the activated carbon has the ability to store and store large amounts of gas molecules. Activated carbon is one of the hydrophobic adsorbents and is particularly suitable for the adsorption of less polar VOCs such as terpenes. In addition to physiosorption, chemisorption also plays a major role here, whereby the VOC molecules are able to chemically interact with the surface molecules of the activated carbon, resulting in a real formation of a surface connection.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Anmeldung betrifft die Verwendung von Aktivkohle in einem Verfahren zur Herstellung von OSB-Platten, wobei diese zur Verringerung oder Verminderung der Emission von flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen (VOC) und gegebenenfalls sehr flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen (VVOC), insbesondere Terpene und Säuren, der Herstellung mit mindestens Aktivkohle als einem Additiv behandelt werden. Erfindungsgemäß erfolgt dabei die Behandlung mit einem Additiv Aktivkohle. Die vorliegende Anmeldung richtet sich auf die Verwendung von Aktivkohle zur Verringerung bzw. Verminderung der Emission von VOC und gegebenenfalls VVOC, insbesondere zur Verringerung der Emission von Terpenen und Säuren als auch von Aldehyden.The present application relates to the use of activated carbon in a process for the production of OSB boards, said to reduce or reduce the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and optionally very volatile organic compounds (VVOC), in particular terpenes and acids, the production be treated with at least activated carbon as an additive. According to the invention, the treatment is carried out with an activated carbon additive. The present application is directed to the use of activated carbon to reduce or reduce the emission of VOC and optionally VVOC, in particular to reduce the emission of terpenes and acids as well as aldehydes.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Lignocellulose oder lignocellulosehaltige Materialien, wie Holz und Holzzerkleinerungsprodukte und daraus hergestellte Holzwerkstoffe, wie Holzwerkstoffplatten, enthalten unter anderem flüchtige organische Verbindungen (VOC) und sehr flüchtige organische Verbindungen (VVOC). Die Emission dieser VOC und VVOC, auch als Gesamtmenge an flüchtigen Verbindungen bezeichnet (TVOC), aus den Holzwerkstoffen (HWS) stellt unter dem Aspekt der zunehmenden Nutzung von holzartigen Produkten in Innenräumen ein gravierendes Problem dar. Zu den flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen zählen neben gesättigten und ungesättigten Aldehyden alle flüchtigen organischen Stoffe, deren Retentionszeit im Gaschromatograph zwischen C6 (Hexan) und C16 (Hexadecan) liegt. Die VOC sind keine homogene Substanzklasse, sondern ein Sammelsurium von Verbindungen. Unter anderem fallen hierunter organische Säuren, gesättigte und ungesättigte Aldehyde, Alkohole, Terpene, Aliphate und aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe und vieles mehr. Daneben werden die sehr flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen (VVOC), unter denen z.B. Formaldehyd oder Ameisensäure fallen, angesiedelt. Diese VVOC treten ebenfalls bei der Herstellung aber auch in der Verwendung von Holzwerkstoffen auf. Einerseits können diese Verbindungen bei der Aushärtung aus Klebstoffen, andererseits können diese Verbindungen durch Umsetzung von im Holzwerkstoff vorliegenden Verbindungen auftreten. Insbesondere die Emission der VOC beruht im Wesentlichen auf eine Freisetzung von aus dem Holzwerkstoff stammenden Verbindungen.Lignocellulose or lignocellulose-containing materials, such as wood and wood comminution products and wood-based materials produced therefrom, such as wood-based panels, contain, inter alia, volatile organic compounds (VOC) and very volatile organic compounds (VVOC). The emission of these VOC and VVOC, also referred to as the total amount of volatile compounds (TVOC), from the wood-based materials (HWS) poses a serious problem in view of the increasing use of wood-like products indoors. The volatile organic compounds include saturated and unsaturated aldehydes all volatile organic substances whose retention time in the gas chromatograph is between C6 (hexane) and C16 (hexadecane). The VOC are not a homogeneous substance class, but a hodgepodge of compounds. Among other things, this includes organic acids, saturated and unsaturated aldehydes, alcohols, terpenes, aliphatics and aromatic hydrocarbons and much more. In addition, the very volatile organic compounds (VVOC), which include, for example, formaldehyde or formic acid, are settled. These VVOCs also occur in the manufacture but also in the use of wood-based materials. On the one hand, these compounds can occur during the curing of adhesives, on the other hand, these compounds can occur through the conversion of compounds present in the wood material. The emission of VOCs in particular is essentially based on the release of compounds originating from the wood-based material.

Die Emission dieser flüchtigen und sehr flüchtigen Holzinhaltsstoffe oder Bestandteile der Klebstoffe aus Holzprodukten einer dieser Holzwerkstoffplatten stellt aufgrund verschärfter Grenzwerte bzw. einer größeren Sensibilisierung der Endverbraucher mehr und mehr ein Problem dar.The emission of these volatile and very volatile wood constituents or components of the adhesives from wood products of one of these wood-based panels is becoming more and more of a problem due to stricter limit values and greater awareness of end users.

Die Freisetzung der flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen und sehr flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen hängt unter anderem von der Art und dem Zustand der Lignocellulosen ab, wie der Holzart, der Lagerungsdauer, den Lagerungsbedingungen des Holzes bzw. der Zerkleinerungsprodukte des Holzes, und kann in unterschiedlichen chemischen Zusammensetzungen und Mengen vorkommen. Die VOC entstammen dabei im Wesentlichen aus Extraktstoffen der Lignocellulosen, z.B. des Holzes oder Umwandlungsprodukten. Prominente Vertreter hiervon sind Stoffe wie α-Pinen, β-Pinen, δ-3-Caren. Vor allen in Nadelbäumen, die als Ausgangsholz für Holzwerkstoffplatten verwendet werden, finden sich diese Bestandteile wieder. Umwandlungsprodukte, die z.B. während der Lagerung und der Bearbeitung des Holzes und der Zerkleinerungsprodukte auftreten, sind Aldehyde, wie Pentanal und Hexanal. Vor allem Nadelhölzer, aus denen vorwiegend Spanplatten, mitteldichte Faserplatten (MDF) oder OSB-Platten hergestellt werden, enthalten große Mengen Harze und Fette, die zur Bildung von flüchtigen organischen Terpen-Verbindungen und Aldehyden beitragen. Diese Stoffe entstehen dabei unter anderem durch Abbau der Hauptbestandteile des Holzes, wie Lignin, Cellulose und Hemicellulose. Flüchtige organische Verbindungen und sehr flüchtige organische Verbindungen können aber auch bei der Verwendung bestimmter Klebstoffe zur Herstellung der Holzwerkstoffe entstehen. Üblicherweise findet dabei ein Oxidationsprozess der Holzinhaltsstoffe, wie den Fettsäuren, statt, die dann zu den Sekundär- bzw. Tertiäremission von Aldehyden, wie Pentanal, oder höheren Carbonsäuren aber auch Terpenen führen.The release of volatile organic compounds and very volatile organic compounds depends, among other things, on the type and condition of the lignocelluloses, such as the type of wood, the duration of storage, the storage conditions of the wood or the comminution products of the wood, and can occur in different chemical compositions and quantities happen. The VOC essentially originate from the extractive substances of the lignocelluloses, eg from the wood or conversion products. Prominent representatives of these are substances such as α-pinene, β-pinene, δ-3-carene. These components are found above all in coniferous trees, which are used as the starting wood for wood-based panels. Transformation products that occur, for example, during storage and processing of the wood and the comminution products are aldehydes such as pentanal and hexanal. Softwoods in particular, from which chipboard, medium-density fibreboard (MDF) or OSB panels are mainly made, contain large amounts of resins and fats that contribute to the formation of volatile organic terpene compounds and aldehydes. These substances are created, among other things, by the degradation of the main components of the wood, such as lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. fugitives However, organic compounds and very volatile organic compounds can also arise when certain adhesives are used in the manufacture of wood-based materials. An oxidation process of the wood constituents, such as the fatty acids, usually takes place, which then leads to the secondary or tertiary emission of aldehydes, such as pentanal, or higher carboxylic acids, but also terpenes.

D.h., die VOC Emission aus Holzwerkstoffen beruht im Wesentlichen auf eine holzbedingte Freisetzung und nicht auf eine durch den verwendeten Klebstoff. Insbesondere durch die in den hergestellten Holzwerkstoffen andauernde Umwandlung von Bestandteilen der Holzwerkstoffe, z.B. durch Fragmentierung der Harze und Fette, findet eine ständige Sekundär- bzw. Tertiäremission der genannten Verbindungen statt. Heutzutage werden OSB-Platten auch im konstruktiven Bereich eingesetzt. Da OSB-Platten üblicherweise keine emissionsmindernde Beschichtung aufweisen und in großen Mengen, insbesondere als Fläche der Platte, bezogen auf die Gesamtkubikmeterzahl des Raumes oder des Gebäudes verbaut wird, können hohe Freisetzungen von VOC auftreten.This means that the VOC emission from wood-based materials is essentially based on a wood-related release and not on one due to the adhesive used. In particular, due to the ongoing conversion of components of the wood-based materials in the manufactured wood-based materials, e.g. by fragmentation of the resins and fats, there is a constant secondary or tertiary emission of the compounds mentioned. Today, OSB panels are also used in construction. Since OSB panels usually do not have an emission-reducing coating and are installed in large quantities, especially as a surface of the panel, based on the total number of cubic meters of the room or building, high VOC releases can occur.

Auch bei dem Einsatz von leichten und superleichten MDF z.B. zur Wärmedämmung können ähnliche Probleme mit der Emission von VOC und gegebenenfalls VVOC beobachtet werden. Auch hier treten Emission von Sekundär- und Tertiärstoffen auf.Similar problems with the emission of VOC and possibly VVOC can also be observed when using light and super-light MDF, e.g. for thermal insulation. Emission of secondary and tertiary substances also occurs here.

Es wurden bereits vielfältige Ansätze unternommen, die Probleme der Emission von flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen und sehr flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen zu begrenzen. Die Zugabe von verschiedensten Additiven wird beschrieben. In der EP 1 852 231 wird die Verwendung von verschiedenen Additiven vorgeschlagen. Z.B. wird dort die Verwendung von Maleinsäureanhydrid oder ähnlichen Verbindungen beschrieben, um die Emission von Formaldehyd zu verringern. Aus der WO 2006/032267 sind Verfahren zur Reduktion von ungesättigten Aldehyden und fettsäurehaltigen Hölzern bekannt. Dabei wird der im Holz enthaltene Fettsäureester gespalten, inhibiert oder oxidiert. Es wird dort vorgeschlagen, Antioxidantien, alkalische Verbindungen oder Oxidationsmittel als Additiv zuzusetzen. Ein Nachteil der bisher beschriebenen Additive ist allerdings, dass häufig nur eine bestimmte Substanzklasse in ihrer Emission verringert wird, wie z.B. die Aldehyde. Dagegen sind Additive, die die Gesamtemission von flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen und gegebenenfalls der sehr flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen kaum bekannt.Various approaches have already been taken to limit the problems of the emission of volatile organic compounds and very volatile organic compounds. The addition of various additives is described. In the EP 1 852 231 the use of various additives is suggested. For example, the use of maleic anhydride or similar compounds is described there in order to reduce the emission of formaldehyde. From the WO 2006/032267 processes are known for the reduction of unsaturated aldehydes and wood containing fatty acids. The fatty acid ester contained in the wood is split, inhibited or oxidized. It will proposed there to add antioxidants, alkaline compounds or oxidizing agents as an additive. A disadvantage of the additives described so far, however, is that often only a certain class of substances is reduced in its emission, such as aldehydes. On the other hand, additives that reduce the total emission of volatile organic compounds and possibly very volatile organic compounds are hardly known.

Ein weiteres Problem bei den bisher beschriebenen Additiven stellt die notwendige Zugabe dieser als wässrige Lösung dar, wodurch die Feuchte innerhalb des Produktionsprozesses erhöht wird. Zusätzliche Feuchte muss allerdings durch einen aufwändigen Trocknungsprozess nachfolgend wieder entzogen werden. Weiterhin führt eine Zudosierung von additiven Lösungen vor dem Trocknungsvorgang oft zu erhöhter Verschmutzung der Trocknungseinrichtung. Dadurch ergibt sich ein erhöhter Wartungsaufwand. Schließlich wirken viele der beschriebenen Additive korrosiv auf Maschinen und Anlagenteile, da es sich häufig um anorganische oder organische Verbindungen handelt, die als Salze in Lösungen hinzugefügt werden und entsprechend korrosiv auf Maschinen und andere Anlagenteile wirken können.Another problem with the additives described so far is the need to add them as an aqueous solution, which increases the humidity within the production process. However, additional moisture must subsequently be removed again by means of a complex drying process. Furthermore, metering in additive solutions before the drying process often leads to increased contamination of the drying device. This results in increased maintenance costs. Finally, many of the additives described have a corrosive effect on machines and plant parts, since they are often inorganic or organic compounds that are added as salts in solutions and can have a correspondingly corrosive effect on machines and other plant parts.

Andere Nachteile der bekannten chemischen Additive sind die meist hohen Kosten hierfür. Weiterhin können gesundheitsschädigende Effekte durch eine Emission dieser bzw. von Reaktionsprodukten dieser mit Inhaltsstoffen der weiteren Bestandteile der Holzwerkstoffplatten im Herstellungsprozess, insbesondere im Pressprozess unter Wärmebehandlung, oder im späteren Gebrauch auftreten.Other disadvantages of the known chemical additives are the mostly high costs for them. Furthermore, health-damaging effects can occur due to the emission of these or reaction products of these with ingredients of the other components of the wood-based panels in the manufacturing process, in particular in the pressing process with heat treatment, or in later use.

Als besonders nachteilig zeigte sich, dass die bisher eingesetzten Additive teilweise die Reaktivität der verwendeten Klebstoffe mindern können. Dadurch werden mechanische Parameter der herzustellenden Holzwerkstoffplatten beeinflusst und verschlechtern sich üblicherweise. Zur Kompensation dieser nachteiligen Effekte durch Zugabe der Additive wird der Klebstoff in größeren Mengen zugegeben, um die geforderten und/oder gewünschten mechanischen Parameter zu erreichen.The fact that the additives used hitherto can partially reduce the reactivity of the adhesives used turned out to be particularly disadvantageous. As a result, mechanical parameters of the wood-based panels to be produced are influenced and usually deteriorate. To compensate for these disadvantageous effects by adding the additives, the adhesive is added in larger amounts in order to achieve the required and/or desired mechanical properties to achieve parameters.

Andererseits werden durch normative Vorgaben und durch die Gesetzgebung aber auch durch die Anforderungen der Verbraucher die Emissionsgrenzen immer weiter gesenkt. Der Bedarf nach ökologisch hochwertigen Holzwerkstoffen mit geringem VOC-Emissionen nimmt ständig zu und es besteht entsprechend ein Bedarf Additive bereitzustellen, die die Emission von VOC und gegebenenfalls VVOC, also die Gesamtemission aus den Holzwerkstoffen (TVOC) senkt.On the other hand, emission limits are being lowered more and more due to normative specifications and legislation, but also due to consumer requirements. The need for ecologically high-quality wood-based materials with low VOC emissions is constantly increasing and there is a corresponding need to provide additives that reduce the emission of VOC and possibly VVOC, ie the total emissions from the wood-based materials (TVOC).

Hierbei ist es insbesondere wesentlich, dass auch bei längerer Nutzung, die gewünschte Reduktion an TVOC, wie den VOC und gegebenenfalls VVOC, aus den Holzwerkstoffen möglich ist. Daher müssen neue Additive nicht nur die unmittelbare Emission von VOC bei dem Herstellungsprozess senken, sondern insbesondere auch die Emission von VOC aber auch VVOC, insbesondere von Terpenen und Säuren aber auch Verbindungen, die als Abbauprodukte von Fettsäuren aus den Holzwerkstoffen als Sekundär- oder Tertiäremission freigesetzt werden, verringern.It is particularly important here that the desired reduction in TVOC, such as the VOC and possibly VVOC, from the wood-based materials is possible even over longer periods of use. Therefore, new additives not only have to reduce the direct emissions of VOCs during the manufacturing process, but also in particular the emissions of VOCs and VVOCs, in particular of terpenes and acids, but also compounds that are released as secondary or tertiary emissions as degradation products of fatty acids from the wood-based materials become, decrease.

Aus der CN 101585204 A ist die Verwendung von Aktivkohle zum Einfangen von Formaldehyd aus Formaldehyd-haltigen Klebstoffen bei der Herstellung von Faserplatten bekannt. JP 2003 080509 A beschreibt die Verwendung von faserartiger bzw. pulveriger Kohle bei Holzfaserplatten.From the CN 101585204A discloses the use of activated carbon to scavenge formaldehyde from formaldehyde-containing adhesives in the manufacture of fiberboard. JP 2003 080509 A describes the use of fibrous or powdered carbon in wood fiber boards.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Verwendung von Aktivkohle in einem Verfahren zur Herstellung von OSB-Platten bereitzustellen, wobei diese eine Verringerung bzw. Minderung von Emissionen von flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen (VOC) und sehr flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen (VVOC) auch über einen längeren Zeitraum aufzeigen. Das heißt, die Emission der VOC aber auch der VVOC soll sowohl bei der Herstellung als auch beim späteren Gebrauch deutlich heruntergesetzt sein. Die dabei eingesetzten Additive selbst sollen keine toxischen Eigenschaften aufzeigen und den Herstellungsprozess selbst nicht negativ beeinflussen, insbesondere nicht die Reaktivität der verwendeten Klebstoffe verringern. Andererseits sollen die Additive möglichst umfangreich die Emission der heterogenen Klasse der flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen wie auch der sehr flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen bzw. eine Bildung dieser aus Bestandteilen der Holzwerkstoffe verringern.The present invention is therefore based on the object of providing the use of activated carbon in a process for the production of OSB panels, this also reducing or reducing emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and very volatile organic compounds (VVOC). show a longer period of time. This means that the emission of VOCs as well as VVOCs should be significantly reduced both during manufacture and during later use. The additives used should not themselves have any toxic properties and do not negatively affect the manufacturing process itself, in particular not reduce the reactivity of the adhesives used. On the other hand, the additives should reduce as much as possible the emission of the heterogeneous class of volatile organic compounds as well as the very volatile organic compounds or the formation of these from components of the wood-based materials.

Beschreibung der ErfindungDescription of the invention

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung wird durch die Verwendung des Additivs gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführt.The object of the present invention is achieved by using the additive according to claim 1. Advantageous refinements and developments of the invention are listed in the dependent claims.

Ein wesentlicher Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die Verwendung von Aktivkohle als Additiv.An essential aspect of the present invention is the use of activated carbon as an additive.

Das heißt die vorliegende Anmeldung beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von OSB-Platten aus Holzstrands, umfassend die Schritte:

  1. a) Bereitstellen von Holzstrands
  2. b) Einbringen eines Additivs zu den lignocellulosehaltigen Zerkleinerungsprodukten, wobei das Additiv Aktivkohle ist;
  3. c) Verpressen der mit dem Additiv versetzten lignocellulosehaltigen Zerkleinerungsprodukten mit einem Formaldehyd-freien Klebstoff unter Wärmebehandlung zur Herstellung des Holzwerkstoffes; dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch Zusatz der Additive zumindest die Emission von flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen (VOC), insbesondere Terpene und Säuren, verringert werden. Das Verfahren eignet sich, die Emission der TVOC zu verringern.
This means that the present application describes a method for producing OSB panels from wooden strands, comprising the steps:
  1. a) Provision of wooden strands
  2. b) introducing an additive to the lignocellulosic comminution products, the additive being activated carbon;
  3. c) Compressing the lignocellulose-containing comminution products to which the additive has been added using a formaldehyde-free adhesive with heat treatment to produce the wood-based material; characterized in that the addition of the additives at least reduces the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC), in particular terpenes and acids. The method is suitable for reducing TVOC emissions.

Es zeigt sich nun überraschend, dass durch die Verwendung von Aktivkohle die Gesamtmenge an VOC und den VVOC, die durch die OSB-Platten emittiert werden, gesenkt werden kann. Diese Reduzierung beinhaltet nicht nur eine der Aldehyde sondern insbesondere auch der Terpene und der Säuren. Eine solche Reduktion konnte nicht nur kurzfristig erzielt werden, sondern es zeigte sich insbesondere, dass die Reduktion auch über einen längeren Zeitraum erreicht wird.It is now surprising that the use of activated carbon can reduce the total amount of VOC and VVOC emitted by the OSB boards. This reduction includes not only one of the aldehydes but also in particular the terpenes and the acids. Such Reduction was not only achieved in the short term, but it was shown in particular that the reduction can also be achieved over a longer period of time.

Vorwiegend wird unter dem Ausdruck der "Verringerung der Emission" oder "Verminderung der Emission", die synonym verwendet werden, verstanden, dass im Vergleich zu einem Holzwerkstoff ohne dieses Additiv die Gesamtmenge einer flüchtigen organischen Verbindung (Total Volatile Organic Compounds TVOC) geringer ist. D. h. bei Herstellung entsprechender Holzwerkstoffe oder bei Behandlung entsprechender Holzwerkstoffe mit dem Additiv, wie hierin definiert, ist die Emission der Gesamtmenge an VOC oder TVOC geringer bzw. niedriger als in einem Vergleichs-Holzwerkstoff, der ohne Verwendung des Additivs erhältlich ist.The term "emission reduction" or "emission reduction", which are used synonymously, is primarily understood to mean that the total amount of a volatile organic compound (Total Volatile Organic Compounds TVOC) is lower compared to a wood-based material without this additive. i.e. in the production of corresponding wood-based materials or when treating corresponding wood-based materials with the additive as defined herein, the emission of the total amount of VOC or TVOC is lower or lower than in a comparison wood-based material that is obtainable without using the additive.

Der Ausdruck "Vermeidung von Emission" beinhaltet eine im Vergleich zur Kontrolle prozentuale Verringerung oder Verminderung der Emission bis zu einer solchen die unterhalb der Messgrenze liegt.The expression "avoidance of emission" includes a reduction in percentage compared to the control or a reduction in emission to a level below the measurement limit.

Vorliegend werden die Ausdrücke "Lignocellulose-haltige Zerkleinerungsprodukte" und "Lignocellulosepartikel" synonym verwendet.In the present case, the terms “lignocellulose-containing comminution products” and “lignocellulose particles” are used synonymously.

Ein weiterer Vorteil der Verringerung bzw. Verminderung der Emission der TVOC ist, dass z.B. auch solche Stoffe in ihrer Emission erniedrigt sind, die weiterhin auch zu einem unangenehmen Geruch der Holzwerkstoffe beitragen, wie z.B. Essigsäure, die übelriechend ist, aber auch der typische Aldehydinsbesondere Formaldehyd-Geruch dieser Platten.Another advantage of reducing or lowering the emission of TVOC is that, for example, the emission of substances that continue to contribute to an unpleasant odor in the wood-based materials, such as acetic acid, which is foul-smelling, but also the typical aldehyde, in particular formaldehyde, is also reduced in emission -Smell these records.

Unter Aktivkohle versteht man Kohlenstoffstrukturen aus kleinsten Graphitkristallen und amorphem Kohlenstoff mit poröser Struktur und inneren Oberflächen (BET-Oberfläche), üblicherweise in einem Bereich zwischen 300 und 2000 m2/g. Aktivkohle kann in Pulverform, als Korn aber auch in anderen Formen vorliegen. Bevorzugt handelt es sich bei der Aktivkohle um einen mit einer Dichte zwischen 0,2 bis 0,6 g/cm3, wobei die bevorzugte Porengröße der Aktivkohle im Bereich von < 1 nm bis zu 50 nm liegt.Activated carbon is understood to mean carbon structures made from the smallest graphite crystals and amorphous carbon with a porous structure and internal surfaces (BET surface), usually in a range between 300 and 2000 m 2 /g. Activated carbon can be in powder form, as granules, or in other forms. The activated carbon is preferably one with a Density between 0.2 to 0.6 g/cm 3 , the preferred pore size of the activated carbon being in the range from <1 nm to 50 nm.

Aktivkohle kann aus pflanzlichen tierischen oder mineralischen Rohstoffen hergestellt werden. Entsprechend kann die Aktivkohle aus Stein-, Holz-, Braunkohle stammen aber auch aus pflanzlichen Bestandteilen, wie Kokosnussschalen, Fruchtkernen usw. wie auch aus tierischen Kohlen.Activated carbon can be made from plant, animal or mineral raw materials. Accordingly, the activated charcoal can come from hard, wood, lignite, but also from vegetable components such as coconut shells, fruit kernels, etc., as well as from animal charcoal.

Aktivkohle ist als Adsorptionsmittel seit langem bekannt, z.B. wird es eingesetzt, um unerwünschte oder schädliche Farb- und Geruchsstoffe aus Gasen, Dämpfen und Flüssigkeiten etc. zu entfernen. Weiterhin sind sie in chemischen Reinigungsprozessen sowie zur Adsorption von z.B. Giftstoffen im pharmazeutischen Bereich bekannt.Activated carbon has been known as an adsorbent for a long time, e.g. it is used to remove unwanted or harmful colorants and odors from gases, vapors and liquids etc. They are also known in chemical cleaning processes and for the adsorption of e.g. toxins in the pharmaceutical sector.

Aktivkohle ist dabei als Mittel zur Sorption, wie Adsorption von Flüssigkeiten oder Gasen, für einen kurzen Zeitraum bekannt, nicht aber als ein Mittel zum permanenten Einsatz.Activated carbon is known as a means for sorption, such as adsorption of liquids or gases, for a short period of time, but not as a means for permanent use.

Die Aktivkohle kann in fester Form als Pulver bevorzugt in einem Korndurchmesser von kleiner 1 mm und/oder als Granulat mit einer Korngröße von kleiner 4 mm zu den lignocellulosehaltigen Zerkleinerungsprodukten eingebracht werden.The activated carbon can be added to the lignocellulose-containing comminution products in solid form as a powder, preferably with a grain diameter of less than 1 mm and/or as granules with a grain size of less than 4 mm.

Dabei wird das Additiv z.B. in einer Menge in einem Bereich von 0,1 bis 20 Gew. % auf atro Lignocellulose eingebracht. Geeignete Bereiche sind z. B. solche mit 0,1 Gew. % bis 1,5 Gew. %, wie 0,1 Gew. % bis 5 Gew. %, bezogen auf atro Lignocellulose.The additive is introduced, for example, in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 20% by weight on atro lignocellulose. Suitable areas are e.g. B. those with 0.1% by weight to 1.5% by weight, such as 0.1% by weight to 5% by weight, based on atro lignocellulose.

Die Verwendung von Aktivkohle hat verschiedenste Vorteile. Vom wirtschaftlichen Standpunkt aus gesehen weist Aktivkohle eine hohe Verfügbarkeit und einen günstigen Preis auf. Im Herstellungsprozess selbst können Nachteile der bisherigen Additive überwunden werden. So kann eine Dosierung als Feststoff erfolgen, wodurch die Feuchte der Ausgangsstoffe und/oder der Holzwerkstoffplatten nicht erhöht wird. Eine zusätzliche Trocknung mit entsprechenden zusätzlichen Kosten ist daher nicht notwendig. Weiterhin weist die Aktivkohle keine Reaktivität mit dem verwendeten Klebstoff auf, so dass die Reaktivität und Verarbeitbarkeit dieser z.B. deren Aushärtegeschwindigkeit, nicht verschlechtert wird. Dadurch ist es nicht notwendig, größere Mengen an Klebstoff hinzuzufügen, um Verschlechterungen in der Reaktivität dieser durch Zugabe von Additiven auszugleichen.The use of activated carbon has various advantages. From an economic point of view, activated carbon has high availability and low price. In the manufacturing process itself, the disadvantages of previous additives can be overcome. Thus, a dosage as a solid take place, whereby the moisture content of the starting materials and/or the wood-based panels is not increased. Additional drying with corresponding additional costs is therefore not necessary. Furthermore, the activated carbon has no reactivity with the adhesive used, so that the reactivity and processability of this, for example its curing speed, is not impaired. As a result, it is not necessary to add larger amounts of adhesive in order to compensate for deteriorations in the reactivity of these due to the addition of additives.

Die Gesamtemission der VOC gegebenenfalls einschließlich der VVOC aus den Holzwerkstoffen wird reduziert, wobei diese Reduktion nicht auf eine Substanzklasse beschränkt ist, sondern sowohl die Emission von Aldehyden als auch von Terpenen und Säuren verringert. Somit wird der TVOC-Wert und der R-Wert der hergestellten Holzwerkstoffe insbesondere in Form von Holzwerkstoffplatten, wie OSB-Platten, signifikant herabgesetzt. Der R-Wert wird dabei vom AgBB wie folgt beschrieben: R ist die Summe aller R für die einzelnen Verbindungen (Ri). Ri ist dabei der Quotient aus der Stoffkonzentration der Verbindung ci in der Kammerluft der Prüfkammer und dem NIK-Wert (niedrigste interessierende Konzentration Wert) der jeweiligen Verbindung, Ri = ci/NIKi. Gemäß dem AgBB sollte der R-Wert bei 1 oder kleiner liegen.The total emission of VOCs, possibly including VVOCs, from the wood-based materials is reduced, with this reduction not being limited to one class of substances, but reducing both the emission of aldehydes and of terpenes and acids. The TVOC value and the R value of the wood-based materials produced are thus significantly reduced, particularly in the form of wood-based panels such as OSB panels. The AgBB describes the R value as follows: R is the sum of all R for the individual compounds (R i ). R i is the quotient of the substance concentration of the compound c i in the chamber air of the test chamber and the LCI value (lowest concentration value of interest) of the respective compound, R i =c i /NIK i . According to the AgBB, the R value should be 1 or less.

Das Additiv kann dabei zu verschiedenen Zeiten im Produktionsprozess hinzugefügt werden. Dabei kann das Additiv sowohl in fester Form gegebenenfalls aber auch in Form einer Suspension oder Dispersion, hinzugefügt werden. Bevorzugt wird die Aktivkohle als Pulvergranulat in fester Form hinzugefügt.The additive can be added at different times in the production process. The additive can be added either in solid form or, if appropriate, in the form of a suspension or dispersion. The activated carbon is preferably added as powder granules in solid form.

Das Hinzufügen des Additivs kann dabei in allen Bereichen der herzustellenden Holzwerkstoffe erfolgen. Bei OSB-Platten kann das Additiv z.B. nur in einzelnen Bereichen dieser vorliegen. Es kann dabei eine Dosierung des Additivs in die Deckschicht und/oder Mittelschicht erfolgen, z. B. allein in der Mittelschicht.The additive can be added in all areas of the wood-based materials to be produced. In the case of OSB boards, for example, the additive can only be present in individual areas of these. The additive can be metered into the top layer and/or middle layer, e.g. B. alone in the middle class.

Das Additiv kann erfindungsgemäß dabei in verschiedenen Gewichtsanteilen in der Deckschicht oder Mittelschicht vorhanden sein. So kann z.B. eine der Schichten einen Anteil von bis zu 5 Gew. %, wie 5 Gew. %, aufweisen, während die andere Schicht 7,5 % oder 10 % des Additivs aufweist. Natürlich können die Anteile in beiden Schichten auch gleich sein.According to the invention, the additive can be present in different proportions by weight in the top layer or middle layer. For example, one of the layers may contain up to 5% by weight, such as 5% by weight, while the other layer contains 7.5% or 10% of the additive. Of course, the proportions in both layers can also be the same.

Die Aktivkohle kann insbesondere in Pulverform vor dem Trockner und/oder nach dem Trockner im Fallschacht der lignocellulosehaltigen Zerkleinerungsprodukte für die Steuerung und/oder vor und/oder nach der Beleimung dieser und/oder in der Beleimung mit den entsprechendem Klebstoff, wie einem PMDI-Klebstoff, erfolgen.The activated carbon can be used in powder form before the dryer and/or after the dryer in the chute of the lignocellulosic comminution products for controlling and/or before and/or after gluing them and/or in the gluing with the appropriate adhesive, such as a PMDI adhesive , take place.

Je nach Einsatz des Additivs in der Deck- und/oder Mittelschicht, erfolgt die Zugabe des Additivs. Wie ausgeführt beträgt die Dosierung dabei z. B. 0,1 bis 20 Gew. % auf atro Lignocellulose, so wie 0,1 bis 7,5 Gew. %, z. B. 0,1 bis 5 Gew. % auf atro Lignocellulose.Depending on the use of the additive in the top and/or middle layer, the additive is added. As stated, the dosage is z. B. 0.1 to 20 wt.% On atro lignocellulose, such as 0.1 to 7.5 wt.%, z. B. 0.1 to 5 wt.% On atro lignocellulose.

Als Klebstoffe können Klebstoffe auf Basis von Isocyanaten oder Polyurethan-Klebstoff (PU-Klebstoff) oder Gemische hiervon eingesetzt werden.Adhesives based on isocyanates or polyurethane adhesive (PU adhesive) or mixtures thereof can be used as adhesives.

Der Klebstoff ist ein nicht Formaldehyd-haltiger Klebstoff, wie ein Klebstoff auf Basis von Isocyanaten, wie PMDI.The adhesive is a formaldehyde-free adhesive such as an isocyanate-based adhesive such as PMDI.

Unter Lignocellulosen werden vorliegend lignocellulosehaltige Materialien, wie Holz, verstanden. Daraus erhaltene Zerkleinerungsprodukte von Lignocellulosen umfassen Holzstrands.In the present case, lignocelluloses are understood as meaning lignocellulose-containing materials, such as wood. Comminuted products of lignocelluloses obtained therefrom include wood strands.

Bei den Lignocellulosen, wie den Holzwerkstoffen und den Zerkleinerungsprodukten hiervon, kann es sich sowohl um Nadelhölzer als auch um Laubhölzer handeln. Auch Mischungen dieser beiden Holzarten sind möglich. Bevorzugt stammen die Strands von Nadelhölzern. Die mit dem beschriebenen Herstellungsverfahren herstellbaren Holzwerkstoffe können gemäß einem bekannten Verfahren hergestellt werden. Gegebenenfalls kann das Verfahren zusätzlich auch andere, dem Fachmann bekannte Verfahren zur Verminderung der Emission von flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen, sehr flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen, ergänzt werden.The lignocelluloses, such as the wood materials and the comminution products thereof, can be both softwoods and hardwoods. Mixtures of these two types of wood are also possible. The strands preferably come from conifers. The wood-based materials that can be produced with the manufacturing process described can, according to a known procedures are produced. If appropriate, the method can also be supplemented by other methods known to those skilled in the art for reducing the emission of volatile organic compounds, very volatile organic compounds.

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung von Aktivkohle als Additiv in der Herstellung von OSB-Platten aus Holzstrands insbesondere zur Verringerung bzw. von Minderung der Emission von VOC, TVOC und/oder VVOC. Erfindungsgemäß wird dabei das Additiv während des Herstellungsprozesses der Lignocellulose, die z.B. in Form von lignocellulosehaltigen Zerkleinerungspartikeln (lignocellulosehaltigen Partikeln) vorliegen, eingetragen bzw. aufgetragen.The present invention relates to the use of activated carbon as an additive in the production of OSB panels from wood strands, in particular for reducing or reducing the emission of VOC, TVOC and/or VVOC. According to the invention, the additive is introduced or applied during the production process of the lignocellulose, which is present, for example, in the form of comminution particles containing lignocellulose (lignocellulose-containing particles).

Die entsprechende Verwendung des Additivs kann dabei zumindest in der Deckschicht oder der Mittelschicht oder in beiden Schichten von OSB-Platten erfolgen. Erfindungsgemäß kann dabei das Additiv in einer Menge von 0,1 Gew. % bis 20 Gew. % Feststoff, wie 0,1 Gew. % bis 7,5 Gew. % z. B. 0,1 Gew. % bis 5 Gew. %, bezogen auf atro Lignocellulose eingebracht oder aufgebracht werden.The additive can be used at least in the top layer or the middle layer or in both layers of OSB panels. According to the invention, the additive can be used in an amount of 0.1% by weight to 20% by weight of solids, such as 0.1% by weight to 7.5% by weight, e.g. B. 0.1% by weight to 5% by weight, based on atro lignocellulose.

Schließlich werden Holzwerkstoffe bereitgestellt, erhältlich durch die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung. Bei diesen Holzwerkstoffen handelt es sich um eine OSB-Platte.Finally, wood-based materials are provided, obtainable through the use according to the invention. This wood-based material is an OSB panel.

Die Holzwerkstoffe zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass sie über einen langen Zeitraum eine verringerte oder verminderte Emission von TVOC aufzeigen, wobei diese insbesondere auch eine Verringerung bzw. Verminderung der Terpene und Säuren einschließt. Weiterhin zeigte sich, dass die mechanischen Eigenschaften der hergestellten Holzwerkstoffe nicht oder nur in geringem Umfang negativ beeinflusst werden, wie z.B. in der Tabelle 3 unten dargestellt.The wood-based materials are characterized in that they show a reduced or reduced emission of TVOC over a long period of time, this also including in particular a reduction or reduction in terpenes and acids. Furthermore, it was found that the mechanical properties of the wood-based materials produced are not negatively influenced, or only to a small extent, as shown, for example, in Table 3 below.

Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung mit Hilfe von Beispielen näher erläutert, ohne dass sie auf diese beschränkt sind.The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of examples, without being restricted to these.

Beispiel 1example 1 Herstellung von Emissionsarmen OSBProduction of low-emission OSB Versuchergebnisse OSBOSB test results

Es wurde zunächst eine Referenzplatte (Platte 1) mit 100% PMDI Beleimung und einer Dicke von 12 mm an der Laborpresse erstellt. Anschließend wurden drei Versuchsplatten unter Verwendung von Aktivkohle hergestellt. Dabei enthält Platte 2 5% auf atro Holz Aktivkohlepulver in der Deckschicht. Platte 3 enthält 5% auf atro Holz Aktivkohlepulver in der Mittelschicht und bei der Platte 4 wurde der Mittelschicht 10% auf atro Holz Aktivkohlepulver beigegeben.First, a reference board (board 1) with 100% PMDI glue and a thickness of 12 mm was produced on the laboratory press. Subsequently, three experimental plates were made using activated carbon. Plate 2 contains 5% activated carbon powder on atro wood in the top layer. Panel 3 contains 5% activated carbon powder on atro wood in the middle layer and in panel 4, 10% activated carbon powder on atro wood was added to the middle layer.

Die nachfolgende Tabelle 1 enthält eine Übersicht der hergestellten Versuchsplatten. Diese wurden anschließend auf ihr Emissionsverhalten in einer Prüfkammer untersucht und nach dem AgBB-Schema über einen Zeitraum von 28 Tagen bewertet. Tabelle 1 Platte Dicke Beleimung Dosierung 1 12 100%PMDI "0" - Standard Platte 2 12 100%PMDI OSB Platte mit 5% AK in Deckschicht 3 12 100%PMDI OSB Platte mit 5% AK in Mittelschicht 4 12 100%PMDI OSB Platte mit 10% AK in Mittelschicht Table 1 below contains an overview of the test panels produced. These were then examined for their emission behavior in a test chamber and evaluated over a period of 28 days according to the AgBB scheme. Table 1 plate thickness gluing dosage 1 12 100% PMDI "0" - default disk 2 12 100% PMDI OSB board with 5% AK in top layer 3 12 100% PMDI OSB board with 5% AK in the middle layer 4 12 100% PMDI OSB board with 10% AK in middle layer

Durchführung der VOC-EmissionsmessungImplementation of the VOC emission measurement

Die Emissionsmessungen erfolgten in Prüfkammern aus Glasexsikkatoren mit einem Volumen von 23,5 Litern. Die Prüfungen fanden auf Grundlage von ISO 16 000 Teil 9 (2008) statt. Standardbedingungen waren demnach eine Temperatur von 23 °C, eine relative Luftfeuchte von 50 % und eine Luftgeschwindigkeit nahe der Probenoberfläche von 0,1 bis 0,3 m s-2. Die Standardbeladung betrug rund 720 cm2 emittierende Fläche, d. h. der Beladungsgrad der Kammer betrug 3,1 m2 m-3; der Luftaustausch mit hochreiner synthetischer Luft in der Prüfkammer erfolgte 3,1 mal pro Stunde. Daraus ergab sich eine standardmäßige flächenspezifische Luftwechselrate von 1 m3/(m2*h). Die Mindestprüfdauer betrug 28 Tage, wobei die Luftprobennahme nach einem und drei Tagen nach Probeneinbringung und im weiteren Verlauf wöchentlich erfolgte. Die Beprobung erfolgte nach ISO 16 000 Teil 6 (2004) mittels einer Pumpe und mit dem Adsorbens Tenax TA® gefüllten Röhrchen. Das jeweilige Probenaufnahmevolumen betrug 0,5 bis maximal 4 Liter Prüfkammerluft. Die mit Tenax TA gefüllten Röhrchen wurden vor jeder Luftprobenahme thermisch gereinigt und mit 200 ng deuterisiertem Toluol als internem Standard beaufschlagt. Zur Identifizierung und Quantifizierung der in der Probenluft enthaltenen VOCs wurde das beprobte Tenax TA thermisch desorbiert (TD) und die Substanzen über eine Kryofokussiereinheit in einen Gaschromatographen (GC), gekoppelt mit einem Massenspektrometer (MS), überführt.The emission measurements were carried out in test chambers made of glass desiccators with a volume of 23.5 liters. The tests were based on ISO 16 000 part 9 (2008). Accordingly, standard conditions were a temperature of 23 °C, a relative humidity of 50 % and an air velocity near the sample surface of 0.1 to 0.3 m s-2. The standard loading was around 720 cm 2 emitting area, ie the loading degree of the chamber was 3.1 m2 m-3; the air exchange with high-purity synthetic air in the Test chamber was performed 3.1 times per hour. This resulted in a standard area-specific air exchange rate of 1 m 3 /(m 2 *h). The minimum test duration was 28 days, with air sampling taking place one and three days after sample introduction and weekly thereafter. Sampling was carried out according to ISO 16 000 Part 6 (2004) using a pump and tubes filled with the adsorbent Tenax TA ® . The respective sample intake volume was 0.5 to a maximum of 4 liters of test chamber air. The tubes filled with Tenax TA were thermally cleaned before each air sampling and charged with 200 ng deuterated toluene as an internal standard. To identify and quantify the VOCs contained in the sample air, the sampled Tenax TA was thermally desorbed (TD) and the substances were transferred to a gas chromatograph (GC) coupled with a mass spectrometer (MS) via a cryofocusing unit.

Ergebnisse: VOC-Emissionsergebnisse nach 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 und 28 Tagen sind in der Tabelle 2 dargestellt: Tabelle 2 Platte TVOC µg/m3 Hexanal µg/m3 R-Wert Tag 1 3 7 14 21 28 1 28 1 3354,6 1299,9 1122,3 999,1 807,0 399,1 3,3 2 3330,2 2164,0 1742,0 1321,6 1040,0 980,8 811,6 360,7 2,4 3 665,4 553,2 445,4 441,1 351,7 265,5 131,1 79,4 1 4 980,3 659,5 567,6 522,5 410,8 382,9 216,4 107,3 1 Results: VOC emission results after 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days are shown in Table 2: Table 2 plate TVOC µg/ m3 Hexanal µg/ m3 R value day 1 3 7 14 21 28 1 28 1 3354.6 1299.9 1122.3 999.1 807.0 399.1 3.3 2 3330.2 2164.0 1742.0 1321.6 1040.0 980.8 811.6 360.7 2.4 3 665.4 553.2 445.4 441.1 351.7 265.5 131.1 79.4 1 4 980.3 659.5 567.6 522.5 410.8 382.9 216.4 107.3 1

Die mechanischen Parameter einer OSB mit 12mm Dicke und 5% Aktivkohle in der MS in Vergleich zu der Referenzplatte ohne Zugabe von Aktivkohle ist in der Tabelle 3 dargestellt: Tabelle 3: Parameter Referenzplatte 5% Aktivkohle in MS Rohdichte 687 671 Biegefestigkeit [MPa] 43,46 37,33 E-Modul [MPa] 6322 6615 Querzug [MPa] 0,62 0,45 Quellung [%] 26,6 29,5 The mechanical parameters of an OSB with a thickness of 12mm and 5% activated carbon in the MS compared to the reference panel without the addition of activated carbon are shown in Table 3: Table 3: parameter reference plate 5% activated carbon in MS bulk density 687 671 Flexural strength [MPa] 43.46 37.33 Modulus of elasticity [MPa] 6322 6615 transverse pull [MPa] 0.62 0.45 swelling [%] 26.6 29.5

Es zeigt sich, dass die mechanischen Parameter durch Zugabe der Aktivkohle kaum verändert werden.It turns out that the mechanical parameters are hardly changed by adding the activated carbon.

Beispiel 2example 2

In einer weiteren Versuchsreihe wurden die Referenzplatte und eine Platte mit 5% Aktivkohle in der Mittelschicht (MS) gemäß den Maßgaben der AgBB untersucht. Die Ergebnisse wurden dabei bestätigt, wie in der Tabelle 4 gezeigt. Tabelle 4: Probe Aktivkohle [%] MS Beladung [m2/m3] Lüftungs rate [h-1] q [m3/(m2*h)] TVOC 28d [µg/m3] R 28d 1 0 1 1 1 565 1.563 2 5 1 1 1 242 0.838 In a further test series, the reference panel and a panel with 5% activated carbon in the middle layer (MS) were examined in accordance with the specifications of the AgBB. The results were thereby confirmed as shown in Table 4. Table 4: sample Activated charcoal [%] MS loading [m 2 /m 3 ] Ventilation rate [h -1 ] q [m 3 /(m 2 *h)] TVOC 28d [µg/m 3 ] R 28d 1 0 1 1 1 565 1,563 2 5 1 1 1 242 0.838

Diskussion der Ergebnissediscussion of the results

Die VOC-Emissionsmessungen zeigen den stärksten Effekt einer Reduktion im Fall der Dosierung des Aktivkohlepulvers in der Mittelschicht. Insbesondere eine Dosierung von 5% auf atro Holz Aktivkohle führt zu einer starken Reduktion der VOC-Emission. Im Vergleich zur Referenzplatte (Platte 1) wird der TVOC-Wert von 999,1 µg/m3 auf 265,6 µg/m3 herabgesetzt (Platte 3). Auch der R-Wert wird im Fall der Versuchsplatte 3 im Vergleich zur Referenzplatte 1 von 3,3 auf 1 stark reduziert.The VOC emission measurements show the strongest effect of a reduction in the case of dosing the activated carbon powder in the middle layer. In particular, a dosage of 5% on atro wood activated carbon leads to a strong reduction in VOC emissions. Compared to the reference panel (panel 1), the TVOC value is reduced from 999.1 µg/m 3 to 265.6 µg/m 3 (panel 3). In the case of test panel 3, the R value is also greatly reduced from 3.3 to 1 compared to reference panel 1.

Beispiel 3Example 3

  • VOC-Reduktion durch den Zusatz von AktivkohleVOC reduction through the addition of activated carbon
  • Plattenproben: 12 mm x 400 mm x 400 mmPlate samples: 12mm x 400mm x 400mm
  • Probe 0: Standardplatte Nullprobe ohne ZusatzSample 0: standard plate zero sample without additive
  • Probe 1: 5 % Aktivkohle: Donaucarbon (Deutschland) in MittelschichtSample 1: 5% activated carbon: Donaucarbon (Germany) in the middle layer
  • Probe 2: 5 % Aktivkohle: Holzkohle (Poch, Polen) in MittelschichtSample 2: 5% activated carbon: charcoal (Poch, Poland) in middle layer

Es wurden zwei unterschiedliche Varianten an Holzkohle verwendet. Probe 1 entspricht der Aktivkohle aus den vorherigen Beispielen.Two different types of charcoal were used. Sample 1 corresponds to the activated carbon from the previous examples.

Bei der zweiten Aktivkohle handelt es sich um ein Produkt der Firma Donaucarbon (Produkt Desorex K47 F). Das Material ist gepresst und nicht so weich wie das erste Produkt von Poch.The second activated carbon is a product of the company Donaucarbon (product Desorex K47 F). The material is pressed and not as soft as Poch's first product.

Ergebnisse der VOC-Prüfungen nach 28 Tagen nach AgBBResults of the VOC tests after 28 days according to AgBB

Die VOC-Prüfungen wurden bei einer flächenspezifischen Lüftungsrate von 1 m3/m2*h) durchgeführt. Alle Platten erfüllen die Anforderungen nach AGBB. Nr. Additiv Menge Fa. TVOC [µg/m3] FA [ppm] R-Wert 0 -- -- 472 0.011 1.068 1 Aktivkohle 5 % (MS) 257 0.008 0.189 2 Aktivkohle 5 % (MS) 176 0.008 0.170 The VOC tests were carried out at an area-specific ventilation rate of 1 m 3 /m 2 *h). All panels meet the requirements of AGBB. No. additive Crowd Fa. TVOC [µg/m 3 ] FA [ppm] R value 0 -- -- 472 0.011 1,068 1 activated charcoal 5% (MS) 257 0.008 0.189 2 activated charcoal 5% (MS) 176 0.008 0.170

Im Vergleich zur Nullprobe zeigte sich die stärkste Reduktion in Probe 2 bei der die Aktivkohle von Poch verwendet wurde. Der TVOC-Wert wird mehr als halbiert, sowie auch der Formaldehydwerk reduziert zu 0.008 ppm nach 28 Tagen. Die stärkste Reduktion erfolgt auch hier am R-Wert zu 0.170. Die Probe 1 unter Verwendung der Aktivkohle der Fa. Donaucarbon zeigt ebenfalls eine starke Reduktion der VOC-Emission.Compared to the zero sample, the strongest reduction was in sample 2, in which the activated carbon from Poch was used. The TVOC value is more than halved, as well as the formaldehyde level reduced to 0.008 ppm after 28 days. Here, too, the strongest reduction occurs at the R value to 0.170. Sample 1 using the activated carbon from Donaucarbon also shows a strong Reduction of VOC emissions.

Aktivkohle besitzt durch die hohe innere Oberfläche eine hohe Adsorptionsfähigkeit. Durch die hohe offenporige Struktur besitzt die Aktivkohle die Fähigkeit, große Mengen an Gasmolekülen einzulagern und diese zu speichern. Aktivkohle zählt zu den hydrophoben Adsorbentien und eignet sich insbesondere für die Adsorption von weniger polaren VOCs, wie Terpenen. Neben der Physiosorption spielt hier auch die Chemisorption eine große Rolle, wobei die VOC-Moleküle fähig sind mit den Oberflächenmolekülen der Aktivkohle in chemische Wechselwirkungen zu treten, wobei es zu einer echten Bildung einer Oberflächenverbindung kommt.Activated carbon has a high adsorption capacity due to its high inner surface. Due to the high, open-pored structure, the activated carbon has the ability to store and store large amounts of gas molecules. Activated carbon is one of the hydrophobic adsorbents and is particularly suitable for the adsorption of less polar VOCs such as terpenes. In addition to physiosorption, chemisorption also plays a major role here, whereby the VOC molecules are able to chemically interact with the surface molecules of the activated carbon, resulting in a real formation of a surface connection.

Claims (9)

  1. Use of activated carbon as an additive in the production of OSB boards from wood strands for reducing the emission of VOCs, wherein the additive can be introduced or applied during the production process of the OSB boards, characterised in that the adhesive used is a formaldehyde-free adhesive.
  2. Use according to claim 1, characterised in that the additive is used at least in the top layer or the middle layer of OSB boards.
  3. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the additive is introduced or applied in an amount of 0.1 wt.% to 20 wt.% solids based on atro lignocellulose.
  4. Use according to one of the previous claims, wherein the activated carbon is introduced in solid form as powder preferably with a particle diameter of < 1 mm and/or as granules with a particle size of preferably up to 4 mm.
  5. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the internal surface area of the porous carbon is between 300 and 2000 m2/g and/or the density is between 0.2 to 0.6 g/cm3 and the pore size is on average between 1 mm and 50 nm.
  6. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the additive is introduced into lignocellulosic comminuted products and subsequently the lignocellulosic comminuted products to which the additive has been added are pressed with adhesive with heat treatment to produce the OSB boards.
  7. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the formaldehyde free adhesive used is one based on isocyanates.
  8. Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the additive is added before drying and/or after drying and/or during gluing and/or before or after gluing.
  9. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the activated carbon is added as powder, granules, suspension and/or dispersion, preferably as powder granules in solid form.
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