EP2914968B1 - Hot stick power analyzer - Google Patents
Hot stick power analyzer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2914968B1 EP2914968B1 EP13850107.7A EP13850107A EP2914968B1 EP 2914968 B1 EP2914968 B1 EP 2914968B1 EP 13850107 A EP13850107 A EP 13850107A EP 2914968 B1 EP2914968 B1 EP 2914968B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- power
- voltage
- power line
- line
- housing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R21/00—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor
- G01R21/06—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor by measuring current and voltage
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R35/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus covered by the other groups of this subclass
- G01R35/005—Calibrating; Standards or reference devices, e.g. voltage or resistance standards, "golden" references
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
- G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
- G01R15/142—Arrangements for simultaneous measurements of several parameters employing techniques covered by groups G01R15/14 - G01R15/26
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
- G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
- G01R15/16—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using capacitive devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/25—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof using digital measurement techniques
- G01R19/2513—Arrangements for monitoring electric power systems, e.g. power lines or loads; Logging
Definitions
- the invention relates to power line voltage and current measurement devices.
- a hot stick voltmeter measures the voltage between a medium voltage (MV) line and ground, typically using a resistive voltage divider.
- MV medium voltage
- a typical example is the instrument described at http://www.rossengineeringcorp.com/hi-z hv voltmeters.htm incorporated herein by this reference.
- the device connects to the line and has a connection to ground.
- a hot stick ammeter measures the current flowing in a MV line, typically using an air-cored coil as the sensor.
- a typical example is the instrument described at http://www.hdelectriccompany.com/assets/files/halo im.pdf incorporated herein by this reference. These devices typically have no connection to ground.
- a hot stick power quality meter is essentially a hot stick ammeter augmented with a non-contact capacitive or fiber optic voltage gradient sensor that does not require a connection to ground.
- the voltage gradient sensor is not accurate enough to measure the voltage amplitude with accuracy, but it is claimed that voltage phasing information from the sensor can be used to accurately determine power factor and provide power quality information such as total harmonic distortion.
- a representative device is described at: http://tinyurl.com/qualstick incorporated herein by this reference.
- power quality meters like the one described above have no ground connection, they are susceptible to the influence of adjacent lines on voltage measurements. The influence of these adjacent lines can create phase/power factor errors.
- U.S. Patent No. 5,006,846 discloses a power transmission line monitoring system which can measure line voltage, line current, line temperature, and ambient temperature to determine phase angle between the voltage and the current sinusoidal waveforms.
- the '846 Patent relies on directly connecting the voltage sensing circuit to the transmission line and relies on a rotary wrenching mechanical action to tighten or clamp the housing securely and compression onto the power line. Further relevant documents are US 6 717 395 B2 , US 2011/095750 A1 , US 6 677 743 B1 , US 4 795 973 A and US 2005/040809 A1 .
- This invention describes a novel hot stick power analyzer.
- the device is mounted on the end of a "hot stick" - a fiberglass pole used by electrical workers for safely working on Medium Voltage (1kV - 35kV) electric power distribution lines.
- the device is then momentarily applied to a power line.
- the device uses a capacitive voltage divider to measure voltage and an air-cored sense coil to measure current.
- An on-board computer samples each of these sensors and computes the various power analysis metrics. Accurate measurements of line-to-neutral voltage, line current, real power, reactive power, phase angle, and power factor are then wirelessly transmitted from the on-board computer to a nearby personal computer for display and/or storage.
- the instrument can be used for spot measurements of voltage, current, phase angle, real power, reactive power, and other quantities related to power flow and power quality on a Medium Voltage (MV) electric power distribution line.
- MV Medium Voltage
- the hot stick power analyzer has the needed capabilities to serve as a calibration tool for line-mounted MV sensors. These sensors have no physical ground connection and require highly accurate calibration of voltage and phase angle in their installation environment.
- the hot stick power analyzer in one example of the invention comprises a combined current and voltage sensor mounted on a hot stick, a USB radio modem that can be attached to a laptop PC, and software on the PC that stores/displays the measurement results and/or transfers the readings to an MV collector for calibration of ungrounded MV sensors.
- the system includes a hot stick power analyzer with a housing mounted on a pole and including a channel for a power line.
- a ground line extends from the housing.
- a voltage sensor includes voltage sensing circuitry connected to a power line conductive contact and the ground line.
- a high voltage capacitance is between the ground line and the voltage sensing circuitry.
- a current sensor includes windings about and spaced from the power line.
- a processing subsystem is responsive to the voltage sensing circuitry and the current sensor and is configured to compute power analysis metrics.
- a housing stem unit has the ground wire therein forming one electrode of the high voltage capacitance.
- An insulator is about the ground wire and a conductor about the insulator forms the other electrode of the high voltage capacitance coupled to the voltage sensing circuitry.
- the housing stem unit may further include an insulator about the conductor and a case about the insulator forming a second capacitance connected between the power line conductive contact and the voltage sensing circuitry.
- the processing subsystem is within the housing.
- the power line conductive contact includes a portion of the housing which is wired to the voltage sensing circuitry.
- the analyzer may further include a transmitter controlled by the processing subsystem for wirelessly sending the computed power analysis metrics to a computer.
- the system may also include a line mounted sensor calibrated by the computed power analysis metrics.
- the power analysis metrics include RMS voltage, RMS current, real power, reactive power, a power factor, a phase angle, total harmonic distortion, instantaneous voltage waveforms, and/or instantaneous current waveforms.
- a hot stick power analyzer comprises a pole and a housing mounted on the pole and including a ground line and a power line conductive contact.
- a voltage sensing circuit in the housing is connected to the ground line and the conductive contact.
- a current sensor including windings is inside the housing spaced from the power line.
- One preferred method includes using a hot stick meter to connect the power line to a voltage sensing circuit grounded via a high voltage capacitance and to sense current in the power line using current sensor windings spaced from the power line.
- Power analysis metrics are computed from a voltage level sensed by the voltage sensing circuit and a current level sensed by the current sensor.
- the computed power analysis metrics are used to calibrate the output of the non-grounded power line mounted sensor.
- the computed power analysis metrics are wirelessly transmitted from the hot stick meter to a computer and the power analysis metrics are further wirelessly transmitted from the computer to a collector in wireless communication with the non-grounded line mounted sensor.
- the hot stick-mounted sensor device is typically a small housing mounted on the end of a "hot stick" pole.
- a high voltage capacitor is used to sense the voltage on the distribution line.
- One end of the capacitor is connected to the input of a voltage sensing circuit.
- a cable on the other end of the capacitor makes a connection to ground.
- An air-cored coil also known as a “Rogowski coil” senses the current flowing in the distribution line. The coil creates a voltage proportional to the time derivative of current in the line without loading the line in a significant way.
- a low-power microcontroller can be used to rapidly (-8000 times per second) sample the voltage and current test circuits and compute associated quantities like RMS voltage, RMS current, real power, and reactive power.
- a wireless transceiver transmits measurements via radio to a modem attached to a laptop. Because the microcontroller is at high voltage, it can be dangerous to have a direct cable connection. A wireless connection to a laptop computer speeds the reading of data, increases accuracy, and eliminates the chance for errors in manually transposing measurements from a display or dial on the device to a storage media.
- the USB radio modem is essentially the same low power microcontroller and wireless transceiver used in the hot stick sensor itself, but connected to a USB port for interface with a laptop computer.
- the present version of the software implementing the general power analyzer has several functions: Manage low-level communications with the sensor via the USB Modem and generate web pages that display instantaneous readings of RMS voltage, RMS current, real power, reactive power, power factor, phase angle, and total harmonic distortion.
- the software may also compute and display instantaneous voltage and current waveforms and historical plots of all quantities noted above.
- the software may also maintain a database that stores readings for later historical display.
- the software will manage communications with the MV collector via Wi-Fi, automatically conveying the voltage and phase angle information needed for calibration with a minimum of user interaction.
- Fig. 1 shows an example of hot stick power analyzer 10 with fiberglass pole 11 coupled to meter housing 12 fitted with a stem unit 14 including the high voltage capacitor for the voltage sensing circuitry of the unit.
- Ground wire 16 is shown exiting from the stem unit and housing 12 has one or more conductive (e.g., metal) end plates 18 which contact the medium voltage power line under analysis for voltage sensing.
- the housing has channel 20 used to position the housing 12 on the power line which contacts U-shaped portion 22 of end plate 18 which is connected via a wire 23, Fig. 2 , to the voltage sensing circuitry located inside the housing. If a plastic or other insulative housing is used, a power line conductive contact can be added to the housing in other ways.
- Fig. 2 shows housing case contact 22 touching medium voltage transmission line 25.
- Case housing 22 or its end plate is wired to printed circuit board 36 as shown at 46 and the printed circuit board includes the voltage sensing circuitry, current sensing circuitry, a processor, a transmitter, and the like.
- the high voltage capacitor between ground and the voltage sensing circuitry includes a ground conductor 30 connected to ground wire 16 forming one electrode of the high voltage capacitor (5 pF), C o in Figs. 3-4 .
- An insulative sleeve such as a Teflon rod 32 surrounds ground conductor 30.
- a sensor conductor 34 (e.g., copper foil) surrounds insulator 32 and forms the other electrode of the high voltage capacitor C o , Figs. 3 - 4 , connected to the voltage sensing circuitry on printed circuit board 36 inside housing 12 as shown at 47.
- Printed circuit board 36 may also include a processing sensing subsystem such as a microcontroller or microprocessor, various signal conditioning circuitry, and/or a transmitter connected to antenna 38 as discussed below.
- a power source such as battery 40 may also provide power to the circuits and components of printed circuit board 36.
- Stem 14 may further include a second capacitor (e.g., 500 pF), C 1 in Figs. 3-4 , with conductor 36 forming one electrode thereof and stem case 42 forming the other electrode thereof connected to printed circuit board 36 via housing 12 and wire 46 as shown.
- An insulator 44 such as a vinyl sheet spaces case 42 from conductor 34.
- a current sensor 50 with windings 52a, 52b, and 52c about C-shaped structure 54 connected together and to the current sensing circuitry of printed circuit board 36.
- the windings are configured to be disposed about power line 25 and spaced therefrom so the power line induces a voltage in the windings which is proportional to the current flowing in the power line.
- Such an air cored Rogowski coil is thus preferably used to sense power line current.
- the windings of the current sensor are shown at 52.
- the voltage sensing circuitry includes OP amp 60 having its negative terminal connected to high voltage capacitor C O and its positive terminal connected to power line conductive contact 22 here via housing 12.
- the output of OP amp 60 is directed to a processing subsystem shown here as a microcontroller.
- the microcontroller is programmed with computer instructions which compute power analysis metrics from the voltage sensed by the voltage sensing circuitry. Resister Rf may be coupled between the input of OP amp 60 and its output.
- Fig. 4 shows another representation of the voltage sensing circuitry as well as the current sensor where the "ground" is represented as the power line being monitored.
- Fig. 4 also shows additional details showing concerning voltage sensing circuitry 70 and current sensing circuitry 72, in one example.
- the wireless transceiver 71 is also shown.
- Fig. 5 shows end plate 18 removed revealing printed circuit board 36 and current sense coil structure 50 with windings 52a-52c about plastic C-shaped module 54 disposing the windings about the power line.
- Fig. 6 shows another possible coil structure 50' with windings 52a-52c in C-shaped printed circuit board module 54'.
- a lineman places the hot stick-mounted sensor 10 on the line using pole 11.
- the hot stick-mounted sensor measures current, voltage, and real and reactive power. It then wirelessly transmits this information to a nearby laptop PC 82, using a USB radio modem 80 to receive the signals from the sensor.
- Software on the PC then displays measurements of current, energy, power, etc.
- the second scenario of Fig 8 is similar, except that the PC 82 not only wirelessly communicates with analyzer 10, but also with a MV collector box 92 that receives measurements from permanent, line-mounted medium voltage sensor(s) 90. Sensors are of the type described in US Patent 6,677,743 , incorporated herein by this reference. A capacitive coupling from plates on the exterior of the sensor to ground is used to sense voltage. The gain and phase shift of the sensors must be accurately calibrated as part of the sensors' installation procedure.
- PC 82 serves as a conduit for measurements, automating the calibration of the sensors via measurements with the hot stick power analyzer.
- Fig. 7 is disposed over medium voltage line 25 using pole 11.
- the processing subsystem of the power analyzer (and/or PC 82) computes power analysis metrics such as RMS voltage, RMS current, real power and the like discussed above.
- the transmitter wirelessly transmit these metrics to a radio modem 80 attached to a USB port of laptop computer 82 for record keeping, further processing, or the like. Processing may be distributed, in some examples, between laptop 82 and power analyzer 10.
- Fig. 8 shows how power analyzer 10 can be used to calibrate a power line mounted sensor 90 wirelessly providing signals to collection unit 92.
- communication between computer 82 and collector 92 are preferably via Wi-Fi signals as shown at 94.
- Power line mounted sensor 90 (see, e.g., Patent No. 6,677,743 incorporated herein by this reference) is advantageous because it is a stand alone unit but disadvantageous because it is ungrounded and may provide inaccurate readings. For example, since such sensors have no ground connection, they may be susceptible to the influence of adjacent lines when taking voltage measurements. The influence of these adjacent power lines can create phase/power factor errors.
- line mounted sensor 90 and/or collector 92 can be calibrated at installation calibrate the voltage gain of the sensor and to correct or adjust phase/power factor errors.
- calibration constants are transmitted wirelessly from computer 82 to collector 92 to adjust the raw measurements output by sensor 90 to collector 92 to more accurately reflect the RMS voltage, RMS current, and other readings taken by sensor 90.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201261722417P | 2012-11-05 | 2012-11-05 | |
US14/061,128 US9347976B2 (en) | 2012-11-05 | 2013-10-23 | Hot stick power analyzer |
PCT/US2013/066553 WO2014070569A1 (en) | 2012-11-05 | 2013-10-24 | Hot stick power analyzer |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2914968A1 EP2914968A1 (en) | 2015-09-09 |
EP2914968A4 EP2914968A4 (en) | 2016-07-13 |
EP2914968B1 true EP2914968B1 (en) | 2020-10-07 |
Family
ID=50621776
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13850107.7A Active EP2914968B1 (en) | 2012-11-05 | 2013-10-24 | Hot stick power analyzer |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9347976B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2914968B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6125650B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2890581C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2014070569A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP4185876B1 (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2024-04-24 | Safegrid Oy | Apparatus and tool for a measurement coil |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9347972B2 (en) | 2014-04-07 | 2016-05-24 | Foster-Miller, Inc. | Alternate voltage sensing method for increased weather robustness of ungrounded power line sensors |
CN105699739A (zh) * | 2016-01-25 | 2016-06-22 | 长沙群瑞电子科技有限公司 | 一种超高压输电线侧峰值电流无线监测装置 |
CN105606873A (zh) * | 2016-01-25 | 2016-05-25 | 长沙群瑞电子科技有限公司 | 一种超高压输电线侧峰值电压无线监测装置 |
JP1595290S (ja) * | 2017-04-07 | 2021-01-18 | ||
US11443155B2 (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2022-09-13 | Lindsey Manufacturing Company | Insulator leakage current detector and method of detecting insulator leakage current |
US10983173B2 (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2021-04-20 | Lindsey Manufacturing Co. | Active current monitor |
US11268991B2 (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2022-03-08 | Aclara Technologies, Llc | Medium voltage sensor using a multi-component resistive voltage divider |
US11002765B1 (en) | 2020-12-04 | 2021-05-11 | Vizi Metering, Inc. | Non-contact voltage sensing method and apparatus |
US11614469B2 (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2023-03-28 | Interbay Assets, Llc | Capacitive non-contact voltage sensing method and apparatus |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4795973A (en) * | 1984-11-08 | 1989-01-03 | Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation | Line mounted apparatus for measuring line potential |
US5006846A (en) * | 1987-11-12 | 1991-04-09 | Granville J Michael | Power transmission line monitoring system |
JPH0247565A (ja) * | 1988-07-18 | 1990-02-16 | A Fernandez Roosevelt | 電力線及び変電所監視装置 |
US5565783A (en) * | 1994-09-29 | 1996-10-15 | Pacific Gas And Electric Company | Fault sensor device with radio transceiver |
US6677743B1 (en) | 1999-03-05 | 2004-01-13 | Foster-Miller, Inc. | High voltage powerline sensor with a plurality of voltage sensing devices |
EP1175623B1 (en) * | 1999-04-02 | 2004-07-14 | Lindsey Manufacturing Company | Insulator support current sensor |
JP2002311061A (ja) * | 2001-04-13 | 2002-10-23 | Nissin Electric Co Ltd | 電力用処理装置 |
US6717395B2 (en) * | 2001-05-31 | 2004-04-06 | Mcgraw-Edison Company | Current transformer based high voltage measurement apparatus |
US6667610B2 (en) | 2002-03-11 | 2003-12-23 | Gregory Hubert Piesinger | Apparatus and method for identifying cable phase in a three-phase power distribution network |
WO2005019846A1 (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2005-03-03 | Uber Iii Arthur E | Power line property measurement devices and power line fault location methods,devices and systems |
US7557563B2 (en) * | 2005-01-19 | 2009-07-07 | Power Measurement Ltd. | Current sensor assembly |
JP5116667B2 (ja) * | 2005-06-10 | 2013-01-09 | バード テクノロジーズ グループ インク. | 半導体プラズマ発生システムにおける電力潮流を解析するシステムと方法 |
US8395372B2 (en) * | 2009-10-28 | 2013-03-12 | Optisense Network, Llc | Method for measuring current in an electric power distribution system |
US8786292B2 (en) | 2010-12-06 | 2014-07-22 | Sentient Energy, Inc. | Power conductor monitoring device and method of calibration |
-
2013
- 2013-10-23 US US14/061,128 patent/US9347976B2/en active Active
- 2013-10-24 JP JP2015540711A patent/JP6125650B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-10-24 CA CA2890581A patent/CA2890581C/en active Active
- 2013-10-24 WO PCT/US2013/066553 patent/WO2014070569A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-10-24 EP EP13850107.7A patent/EP2914968B1/en active Active
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP4185876B1 (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2024-04-24 | Safegrid Oy | Apparatus and tool for a measurement coil |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US9347976B2 (en) | 2016-05-24 |
CA2890581C (en) | 2018-02-13 |
EP2914968A4 (en) | 2016-07-13 |
JP6125650B2 (ja) | 2017-05-10 |
EP2914968A1 (en) | 2015-09-09 |
US20140125354A1 (en) | 2014-05-08 |
JP2015533427A (ja) | 2015-11-24 |
CA2890581A1 (en) | 2014-05-08 |
WO2014070569A1 (en) | 2014-05-08 |
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