EP2913892A1 - Antenne, réseau d'antennes multiples et procédé permettant de rayonner un signal radioélectrique - Google Patents

Antenne, réseau d'antennes multiples et procédé permettant de rayonner un signal radioélectrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2913892A1
EP2913892A1 EP14290052.1A EP14290052A EP2913892A1 EP 2913892 A1 EP2913892 A1 EP 2913892A1 EP 14290052 A EP14290052 A EP 14290052A EP 2913892 A1 EP2913892 A1 EP 2913892A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
patch
antenna
antenna according
pedestal
edges
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14290052.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Martin Gimersky
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Lucent SAS
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Alcatel Lucent SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alcatel Lucent SAS filed Critical Alcatel Lucent SAS
Priority to EP14290052.1A priority Critical patent/EP2913892A1/fr
Priority to EP14360005.4A priority patent/EP2913893A1/fr
Publication of EP2913892A1 publication Critical patent/EP2913892A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0414—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna in a stacked or folded configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/42—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to antennas.
  • Known antenna arrays use antennas which are often known as radiating antenna elements.
  • each radiating element typically has more than one radiator, where each radiator of a radiating element serves a different set of frequency bands.
  • the physical spacing of radiating elements is typically between 0.5 and 1 wavelength. This is in order to adequately control grating lobes. Since the radiators are resonant, in other words approximately half a wavelength in size, this means that two or more radiators, placed together in a single composite radiating element, are in close proximity. (An example of such resonant radiators is a dipole fed via a split coaxial balun as described in T. A. Milligan. Modern Antenna Design - 2nd Edition. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2005, p. 255 ). This in turn, gives rise to non-negligible proximity-induced mutual electromagnetic coupling among the radiators of the composite radiating element.
  • a known radiating antenna element is an inverted U-shaped patch antenna as described in K.-L. Wong. Compact and Broadband Microstrip Antennas. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 2002, pp. 1-7 .
  • This has a reduced antenna footprint as the two edge regions of the patch antenna, along the antenna's resonant or excitation direction, are in a bent-down configuration.
  • the input signal is fed in at a location near one of the bent-down edges.
  • the total length along the resonant path in other words from one bent down edge of the patch antenna to the other, remains approximately a half wavelength, but the radiating edges of the patch antenna are closer together as a result of being in the bent down configuration.
  • This patch antenna radiates linearly-polarised waves along the resonant path of the electric current flowing on the patch antenna surface.
  • a patch antenna is often simply referred to as a patch.
  • a patch antenna is also known as a rectangular microstrip antenna.
  • the known approach is the place the patch in a cupping support element which provides a backing cavity to the patch and within which the patch is supported.
  • This cupping support element reduces the excitation of unwanted modes, reduces mutual coupling between adjacent radiating elements and/or serves as a heat-sink to improve heat dissipation, see for example the following three published papers:
  • An example of the present invention is an antenna comprising a patch located above a ground plane, the patch comprising a plate and four side walls, the plate being at least substantially rectangular so as to have four edges, a respective one of the side walls extending down from each of the edges.
  • the patch takes a smaller size than otherwise.
  • the plate is rectangular and has four edges or is substantially rectangular and the four edges are the four main edges.
  • each side wall has at least substantially the same length as the corresponding edge from which the side wall extends.
  • a feeding signal input is coupled to the plate relatively near a corner formed by two of the walls that are near adjacent each other. This has the effect of allowing further reduced size of the antenna element.
  • feeding signal inputs one for each of two polarisations, each coupled to the plate relatively near a respective corner formed by two of the walls that are near adjacent each other.
  • the antenna radiates dual slant linear polarisations, one being +45° and one being -45°.
  • a respective slit is provided between at least one pair of the side walls that are near adjacent each other.
  • a respective slit is provided between each two of the walls that are near adjacent each other.
  • the patch is mounted above the ground plane on a pedestal.
  • the pedestal is for impedance matching.
  • the pedestal comprises external corrugations running in a direction towards the patch. The corrugations aid size reduction of the antenna by allowing the pedestal to usefully be substantially of the same footprint size as the patch.
  • the pedestal has a central aperture through which the or each signal input connector is connected to the patch.
  • the pedestal has a central cavity which is open toward the patch. The aperture or cavity enhances the gain of the antenna.
  • a parasitic-patch is located above the patch.
  • a parasitic-patch is spaced apart from the patch by a spacer layer of dielectric material.
  • Preferred embodiments provide a compact wideband radiating antenna element with enhanced gain.
  • Preferred embodiments have all of a reduced size, suitability for wideband operation, an enhanced gain and dual-polarisation operation capability.
  • the footprint of the radiating antenna element including the parasitic-patch is only 0.3 wavelengths by 0.3 wavelengths at the lowest frequency of operation.
  • the radiating antenna element has a compact form factor; in other words is packed into a compact volume namely a rectangular block without substantial appendages or extremities, such as dipole arms, sticking out. This provides for mechanical robustness and facilitates integration of multiple radiating antenna elements into antenna array (not shown) with low electromagnetic interference, in other words, low mutual coupling among the radiating antenna elements.
  • the antenna element has a wide operating bandwidth; in one example a relative operating bandwidth of 24% is provided.
  • the antenna element has an enhanced gain.
  • the footprint of a preferred radiating antenna element is only 0.3 wavelengths by 0.3 wavelengths at the lowest frequency of operation, the preferred element has a gain corresponding to a known antenna element of 0.5 wavelengths by 0.5 wavelengths at the lowest frequency of operation, namely a pair of crossed half-wavelength dipoles fed by a split coaxial balun.
  • only one feed point per polarisation is needed. This simplifies the signal distribution network, which is especially useful when multiple elements are used in an antenna array, and provides more flexibility in creating good antenna array configurations.
  • the input signals are fed in via microstrip line so no balun or other impedence transformer is required.
  • the present invention also relates to a corresponding multiple antenna array.
  • the present invention also relates to a corresponding method of radiating a radio-frequency signal comprising exciting an antenna comprising a patch located above a ground plane, the patch comprising a plate and four side walls, the plate being at least substantially rectangular so as to have four edges, a respective one of the side walls extending down from each of the edges.
  • an antenna 2 (often referred to as a radiating antenna or radiating antenna element) is provided which consists of a patch 4, a metallic pedestal 6, a metallic ground plane 8 and two feeding probes 10.
  • the patch 4 consists of a central rectangular plate 12 having four edges 14 along each of which there is a respective bent-down metallic wall 16. Accordingly, the patch 4 may be considered as having the approximate configuration of an inverted lid-less box or an inverted cup of rectangular cross section.
  • the ground plane 8 is electrically connected to the pedestal 6.
  • the pedestal 6 has a central aperture 18 within which the two feeding probes 10 are substantially disposed so as to provide power to the patch 4. Furthermore the pedestal 6 has multiple longitudinal outside corrugations 20.
  • the patch 4 has slits 24 cut along the corner edges 26 formed by the bent-down walls 16.
  • the two feeding probes are directly connected to the patch 4.
  • the gap 28 is an air gap.
  • the gap is instead formed by one or more dielectric spacers positioned between the patch 4 and pedestal 6.
  • support posts 30 provided between the ground plane 8 and the patch 4 through the central aperture 18 of the pedestal 6 so as to provide additional mechanical support to the patch 4 over the pedestal 6.
  • the support posts are metallic or dielectric.
  • a parasitic-patch 32 is mounted, in this example supported over the patch 4 by a dielectric spacer 34.
  • the parasitic-patch 32 acts to enhance bandwidth by introducing multiple resonances. These multiple resonances occur due to the proximity-coupling of the main patch 4 (sometimes denoted the fed patch) to the parasitic-patch 32.
  • the parasitic-patch 32 is of a square ring shape as the fed patch 4 produces signals having dual slant linear polarisation.
  • each of the feeding probes 10 is transitioned to a respective microstrip line 36 on the bottom surface 38 of a standard Radiofrequency/ Microwave substrate material 40, the top surface of which is the ground plane 8.
  • the two feeding probes 10 together provide dual slant linear polarisation, that is with a + 45 degree or - 45 degree slant.
  • metal refers to parts having electrically conducting surfaces. These parts could be manufactured in a variety of ways, for example as solid or sheet materials, electrically conducting plastics or metalized plastics.
  • the inventors realised that could be adapted for dual linear-polarisation operation. They realised this could be done by bending down the remaining two edge portions of the patch as well, thereby creating the bent -down walls 16 on all four sides in a configuration that may be considered an inverted cup having a rectangular base.
  • the walls 16 are on a practical sense perpendicular to the plane in which the central rectangular plate 12 of the patch 4 lies. The footprint of the antenna element is thus reduced.
  • the two feeding probes 10 are each located at respective corners 42 formed by two of the walls 16 on adjacent edges 14, in other words near the slits 24 and the corner edges 26. This has the effect of reducing the footprint of the antenna element relative to having the feeding probes in a more central location, as the surface current is increased by a factor of 2 1/2 so that for a given length of resonant path, in other words for a given resonant frequency, the footprint is reduced.
  • the slits 24 serve two purposes. Firstly, they have the effect of increasing the resonant path. In this example, the slits 24 lower the resonant frequency from 1.97 GHz to 1.84 GHz. In other words, the slits 24 reduce the patch 4 footprint for a resonance at a given frequency.
  • the slits 24 have the effect of increasing the impedance bandwidth of the example patch 4 described above (relative to otherwise).
  • the slits reduce the return loss of the radiating element 2 from 31.1 dB to 20.8 dB. This happens as the slits 24 mean that the electromagnetic energy contained in a cavity formed by the patch 4, pedestal 6 and ground plane 8 is less confined, lowering the quality factor (Q-factor) of the cavity.
  • the impedance bandwidth would increases if the width of the slits 24 were increased.
  • the pedestal 6 improves the impedance match of the patch 4.
  • the pedestal 6 is hollow in having the central aperture 18. This central aperture 18 lies underneath the patch so that the cavity formed by the patch 4 pedestal 6 and ground plane 8 is basically not open to free space. The purpose of this cavity is to provide a higher gain.
  • the pedestal 6 has multiple longitudinal outside corrugations 20. These allow the area taken by the pedestal to be substantially the same size as the patch 4, thus acting to minimise the footprint of the radiating antenna element 2.
  • the feeding probes 10 are vertical and directly connected to the patch 4. There is a feeding probe 10 for each of the two polarisations. In consequence, there is good polarisation purity, in other words a low level of cross polarisation.
  • the simulations were done using a full-wave software analysis tool known as CST Studio Suite 2013 from CST AG having a web address of www.cst.com/Content/Products/CST S2/Overview.aspx. Ohmic losses were included, and the mettalica parts were considered to be of copper.
  • Figure 4 shows scattering parameters as a function of radio frequency of the element.
  • the solid line 44 represents the magnitude of the input reflection coefficient (
  • the dashed line 46 represents magnitude of the forward transmission coefficient (
  • the vertical dotted lines at frequency f 1 and frequency f 2 delimit the design operating frequency band bearing in mind that this example element is designed to have an operating frequency band of 1.70 to 2.17 GHz which corresponds to a relative bandwidth of 24.3%.
  • around 1.80 GHz is due to the resonance of the main patch 4 and the local minimum around 2.17 GHz is due to the resonance of the parasitic-patch 32.
  • Figure 5 shows the co-polarized far-field gain radiation pattern of the element at a radio frequency of 1.935 GHz.
  • the solid line 48 represents the gain in the E-plane cut; the dashed line 50 represents gain in the mid-plane cut; and the dash-dotted line 52 represents gain in the H-plane cut.
  • Good co-polarised beam integrity is observed throught the designed operating frequency band.
  • Figure 6 is a graphical representation of the cross-polarized far-field gain radiation pattern of the element shown in Figures 1 to 3 at a radio frequency of 1.935 GHz.
  • the solid line 54 represents the gain in the E-plane cut; the dashed line 56represents gain in the mid-plane cut; and the dash-dotted line 58 represents gain in the H-plane cut.
  • the element 2 is suitable for use in multiband metrocell base stations and in macrocell active antenna arrays.
  • inductors, capacitors and/or resistors can be mounted between the microstrip line 36 and the ground plane 8 shown in Figure 3 .
  • the achievable impedance match is, for practical engineering purposes, not related to the achievable port-to-port isolation.
  • the support posts are not provided as not required.
  • the pedestal has a cavity in its top surface, in other words in its surface nearest the patch, instead of the central aperture. This cavity does not go right through the pedestal instead of a central aperture which would go right through the pedestal.
  • feeding probes instead of two feeding probes, there are one or more feeding probes.
  • the patch has no slits between the acting to separate the bent down walls.
  • the feeding probes are proximity-coupled to the patch rather than being directly connected.
  • the multiple longitudinal outside corrugations on the pedestal are absent.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
EP14290052.1A 2014-02-27 2014-02-27 Antenne, réseau d'antennes multiples et procédé permettant de rayonner un signal radioélectrique Withdrawn EP2913892A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14290052.1A EP2913892A1 (fr) 2014-02-27 2014-02-27 Antenne, réseau d'antennes multiples et procédé permettant de rayonner un signal radioélectrique
EP14360005.4A EP2913893A1 (fr) 2014-02-27 2014-03-18 Élément d'antenne

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14290052.1A EP2913892A1 (fr) 2014-02-27 2014-02-27 Antenne, réseau d'antennes multiples et procédé permettant de rayonner un signal radioélectrique

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EP2913892A1 true EP2913892A1 (fr) 2015-09-02

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EP14360005.4A Withdrawn EP2913893A1 (fr) 2014-02-27 2014-03-18 Élément d'antenne

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019111025A1 (fr) * 2017-12-08 2019-06-13 Cambridge Consultants Limited Antenne
CN112259959A (zh) * 2020-10-19 2021-01-22 西安电子工程研究所 低剖面宽带宽扫相控阵天线单元
CN115313038A (zh) * 2022-10-11 2022-11-08 西安通飞电子科技有限公司 一种超宽带小型化天线

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109216915B (zh) * 2017-06-30 2021-04-20 南宁富桂精密工业有限公司 天线及天线阵列
TWI651890B (zh) * 2017-06-30 2019-02-21 鴻海精密工業股份有限公司 天線及天線陣列
WO2020005299A1 (fr) * 2018-06-29 2020-01-02 Nokia Shanghai Bell Co., Ltd. Structure d'antenne multibande
CN109390695A (zh) * 2018-11-28 2019-02-26 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） 一种缝隙耦合角馈双极化微带天线装置

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US5633646A (en) * 1995-12-11 1997-05-27 Cal Corporation Mini-cap radiating element
US20080074327A1 (en) * 2006-09-21 2008-03-27 Junichi Noro Antenna apparatus
EP1933416A1 (fr) * 2006-12-13 2008-06-18 Alps Electric Co., Ltd. Module d'antenne intégrée
US20090303133A1 (en) * 2006-12-15 2009-12-10 Noriyuki Ueki Antenna and communication device having the same
DE102011117690B3 (de) * 2011-11-04 2012-12-20 Kathrein-Werke Kg Patch-Strahler

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US6765537B1 (en) * 2001-04-09 2004-07-20 Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. Dual uncoupled mode box antenna
US6831607B2 (en) * 2003-01-28 2004-12-14 Centurion Wireless Technologies, Inc. Single-feed, multi-band, virtual two-antenna assembly having the radiating element of one planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) contained within the radiating element of another PIFA

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5633646A (en) * 1995-12-11 1997-05-27 Cal Corporation Mini-cap radiating element
US20080074327A1 (en) * 2006-09-21 2008-03-27 Junichi Noro Antenna apparatus
EP1933416A1 (fr) * 2006-12-13 2008-06-18 Alps Electric Co., Ltd. Module d'antenne intégrée
US20090303133A1 (en) * 2006-12-15 2009-12-10 Noriyuki Ueki Antenna and communication device having the same
DE102011117690B3 (de) * 2011-11-04 2012-12-20 Kathrein-Werke Kg Patch-Strahler

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Title
B. A. BRYNJARSSON; T. SYVERSEN: "Cavity-enclosed, aperture coupled microstrip patch antenna", IEE 1993 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, vol. 2, March 1993 (1993-03-01), pages 715 - 718
J. A. NAVARRO ET AL.: "A 29.3 GHz cavity-enclosed aperture-coupled circular patch antenna for microwave circuit integration", IEEE MICROWAVE AND GUIDED WAVE LETTERS, vol. I, no. 7, July 1991 (1991-07-01), pages 170 - 171, XP000209101, DOI: doi:10.1109/75.84572
K.-L. WONG: "Compact and Broadband Microstrip Antennas", 2002, JOHN WILEY & SONS, pages: 1 - 7
P. LNGVARSON ET AL.: "Patch-excited cup elements for satellite-based mobile communication antennas", 2000 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHASED ARRAY SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, May 2000 (2000-05-01), pages 215 - 218, XP010504578, DOI: doi:10.1109/PAST.2000.858943
T. A. MILLIGAN: "Modern Antenna Design", 2005, JOHN WILEY & SONS, pages: 255

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019111025A1 (fr) * 2017-12-08 2019-06-13 Cambridge Consultants Limited Antenne
CN112259959A (zh) * 2020-10-19 2021-01-22 西安电子工程研究所 低剖面宽带宽扫相控阵天线单元
CN112259959B (zh) * 2020-10-19 2022-11-22 西安电子工程研究所 低剖面宽带宽扫相控阵天线单元
CN115313038A (zh) * 2022-10-11 2022-11-08 西安通飞电子科技有限公司 一种超宽带小型化天线

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