EP2909534B1 - Fuel preparation apparatus and method - Google Patents

Fuel preparation apparatus and method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2909534B1
EP2909534B1 EP13783977.5A EP13783977A EP2909534B1 EP 2909534 B1 EP2909534 B1 EP 2909534B1 EP 13783977 A EP13783977 A EP 13783977A EP 2909534 B1 EP2909534 B1 EP 2909534B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
gas
supply
phase
mixture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP13783977.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2909534A1 (en
Inventor
Konrad Jerzy Kuczynski
Agnieszka Magdalena Kuczynska
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Altrad Babcock Ltd
Original Assignee
Doosan Babcock Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Doosan Babcock Ltd filed Critical Doosan Babcock Ltd
Publication of EP2909534A1 publication Critical patent/EP2909534A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2909534B1 publication Critical patent/EP2909534B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K1/00—Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/033—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment comminuting or crushing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K3/00—Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K3/02—Pneumatic feeding arrangements, i.e. by air blast
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K2201/00—Pretreatment of solid fuel
    • F23K2201/10—Pulverizing
    • F23K2201/1003—Processes to make pulverulent fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K2201/00—Pretreatment of solid fuel
    • F23K2201/10—Pulverizing
    • F23K2201/103—Pulverizing with hot gas supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K2201/00—Pretreatment of solid fuel
    • F23K2201/20—Drying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K2201/00—Pretreatment of solid fuel
    • F23K2201/30—Separating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for fuel supplies
    • F23K2900/01041—Heating by using exhaust gas heat

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel preparation process used on power plants for the preparation for example by milling and drying of pulverous fuel and in particular carbonaceous fuel such as pulverised coal and to an apparatus embodying the process.
  • the invention is in particular applied in the context of milling and drying of pulverous fuel for supply as a fuel source to a thermal power plant.
  • the invention is in particular applied to the process for fuel milling and drying for lignite power plants or biomass power plants. Additionally the invention is relevant to waste to energy plants.
  • the process aims to improve the standard/conventional process for the preparation for example by milling and drying of coal for coal power plants.
  • the process aims to improve the standard/conventional process for fuel preparation and drying applied for biomass power plants.
  • the process aims to improve the standard/conventional process for fuel preparation for waste to energy power plants.
  • the mill dries the coal and then the product is directly transported to the combustion furnace.
  • the mills for example fan-beater mills
  • the power plant process efficiency impacts significantly the power plant process efficiency.
  • the fuel processed by the mill is held in intermediate storage silo, from which it is transported to the furnace.
  • the water vapour does not enter the furnace, and therefore the plant efficiency is increased, however the heat consumed by the mill for drying the fuel is still lost.
  • US2010/101107A1 describes a method for drying fuels in the form of dust, particularly to be fed to a gasification process, such as coal, petroleum coke, biological waste, or the like, wherein the fuel is crushed in a mill and fed to a filter/separator by means of a propellant and drying gas which has been preheated by a burner, and at least part of the propellant/drying gas in the circuit is returned to the mill after heating.
  • a gasification process such as coal, petroleum coke, biological waste, or the like
  • WO2012/069844A2 describes a method for drying fuels in which an inner pipe carries and transports the fuel and a heating system for example in the form of a hot gas along a concentric outer pipe heats the surface of the inner pipe and dries the fuel.
  • the invention seeks to provide a process methodology that addresses initial problems and potentially increases plant efficiency whilst limiting and ideally avoiding the use of capital expensive pre-drying technology.
  • a method of preparation of a fuel to produce a pulverous fuel supply for a combustion apparatus comprising the combustion chamber of a steam generator is provided in accordance with the claims appended hereto.
  • an apparatus for the preparation of fuel for a combustion apparatus comprising the combustion chamber of a steam generator is provided in accordance with the claims appended hereto.
  • the apparatus of the second aspect of the invention is an apparatus to implement the process of the first aspect, and preferred embodiments of each aspect will be understood from the following discussion.
  • the gas phase is used for example to dry and/ or transport and/ or facilitate the storage of the combined fuel and gas phase.
  • the gas phase becomes laden with water vapour.
  • the invention separates at least a major part of the water vapour laden gas phase that has been created by the milling and drying and/ or transport and/ or storage of the fuel.
  • the water vapour is not passed to the combustion furnace. This avoids the penalty of increased ID fan power demand.
  • the invention uses a heat exchanger preferably being a process fluid heat exchanger such as a feed water heat recovery heat exchanger downstream of the phase separator to effect condensation of vapour moisture.
  • Latent heat consumed by the drying process is in the preferred case recovered and transferred to a process fluid for recovery of sensible heat for use in an industrial process, and in particular is used to preheat feed water. This further increases the process efficiency.
  • the invention is applied to a combined milling and drying apparatus and method for the milling and drying of coal of high moisture content, and examples are discussed hereinbelow in such a context.
  • this invention can be applied to both coal milling and drying systems and other milling/ fuel preparation and drying systems presenting similar problems so that the increase of efficiency of a power cycle can be achieved without dedicated pre-drying facility and the examples will be interpreted and the principles of the invention understood accordingly.
  • the milled fuel is dried by a gas supplied in mixture with the fuel to be milled.
  • the gas is at elevated temperature above ambient and is a mixture of optionally preheated air and flue gas from a combustion chamber.
  • the method the step of supplying a mixture of fuel and a gas to a mill comprises the supply of a gas at elevated temperature and the step of supplying a gas at elevated temperature comprises the supply of a mixture of optionally preheated air and flue gas from a combustion chamber of a steam generator.
  • an apparatus in accordance with the invention includes a fuel source and a gas source together configured to supply a mixture of fuel and gas to the mill.
  • the gas source is adapted to supply a gas at elevated temperature.
  • the gas source comprises a source of optionally preheated air and a supply of flue gas from a combustion chamber of a steam generator.
  • At least a major part of the water vapour laden gas phase and of the water vapour laden gas output from the mill that has been created by the milling and drying process is diverted away as the gas phase supplied to the heat exchanger, which effects condensation of the water vapour and in the preferred case thereby recovers at least some of the latent heat from the drying and evaporation process.
  • substantially all of the water vapour laden gas output is diverted away as the gas phase supplied to the heat exchanger.
  • the phase separator is adapted to separate substantially all of the gas output from the mill into the gas phase.
  • the method of the first aspect of the invention and the apparatus of the second aspect of the invention includes a milling step or apparatus in which the fuel is milled to a pulverous state for drying and supply for combustion or storage.
  • Any suitable mill may be envisaged for use in accordance with the invention to mill the fuel to a pulverous state, for example including without limitation ball mills, horizontal and vertical roller mills, beater mills etc.
  • the mill comprises a fan beater mill, for example comprising in familiar manner a housing for receiving fuel to be pulverised, a rotary milling shaft, a beater formation carried on the shaft to effect pulverising of fuel within the housing, and an impeller.
  • a fan beater mill for example comprising in familiar manner a housing for receiving fuel to be pulverised, a rotary milling shaft, a beater formation carried on the shaft to effect pulverising of fuel within the housing, and an impeller.
  • the mill in accordance with the invention may be adapted for direct or indirect supply of pulverous fuel to a combustion chamber, for example a combustion chamber for a steam generator such as a boiler for example of a thermal power plant.
  • a combustion chamber for example a combustion chamber for a steam generator such as a boiler for example of a thermal power plant.
  • the apparatus and method of the invention is in particular an apparatus and method for the processing of carbonaceous fuel having relatively high fuel moisture content prior to milling, for example at least 25%, for example for use in a combustion apparatus.
  • the apparatus and method of the invention is in particular an apparatus and method for the processing of low-rank fuel, for example for use in a combustion apparatus.
  • the invention in particular incorporates a carbonaceous fuel and for example low-rank fuel drying process and system.
  • Low-rank fuels are characterised by higher fuel moisture content (typically 25-60% or more). To avoid the inefficiencies inherent in combustion of fuel with a high moisture content, the low-rank fuel is milled to a pulverous state and dried. In a preferred case, moisture content may be reduced to around 10-20%.
  • the present invention relates to the processing by milling and drying, especially for combustion, of carbonaceous fuel having relatively high moisture content prior to milling, for example low-rank fuels, which term is used herein to refer to those fuels, including fuels sometimes called peat, lignites, brown coals or sub-bituminous coals, or biomass, which have a higher fuel moisture content (typically 25-60% or more) than bituminous coals.
  • the apparatus of the invention comprises a supply of such fuel for milling to pulverous form, and the method of the invention comprises the milling of such as required by the combustion furnace.
  • this invention may be applied to waste combustion plants.
  • a heat exchanger preferably being a process fluid heat exchanger is fluidly connected to the gas phase conduit downstream of the phase separator to receive and dry the gas phase. Latent heat consumed by the mill for drying or otherwise in the gas phase is recovered and transferred to heat the process fluid.
  • the process fluid may be a process liquid or air or other gases.
  • the process liquid may be any liquid or combination of liquids useable for heat exchange, including water, ammonia, alcohols, hydrocarbons and the like.
  • the process liquid is wholly or substantially water, optionally including one or more additives or other minor components known in the art.
  • the process fluid stream may be heated by any direct or indirect thermal exchange, method, device, unit or apparatus.
  • the process fluid is water and/ or steam and is for example water and/ or steam for/ from a steam generator or boiler of a steam generating process.
  • the process fluid is feedwater for a steam generator.
  • a steam generator may be a boiler, optionally comprising one or more boilers, and optionally including an integral steam generator economiser known in the art.
  • Latent heat consumed by the mill for drying or otherwise in the gas phase is in this case recovered and used to preheat feed water by means of the heat exchanger.
  • Such feedwater may be provided directly or indirectly from a feedwater stream.
  • a portion of such a feedwater stream is provided as the process liquid for the system of the present invention.
  • Such a portion may be provided as a slip stream of such a feedwater stream, such a slip stream generally being a minor portion of the full feedwater stream.
  • the heat exchanger of the apparatus of the invention is preferably a process fluid heat exchanger and is for example a heat exchanger disposed to exchange heat with a process fluid and supply the same for use in an industrial process.
  • the heat exchanger is adapted to supply the process fluid to an industrial process in such manner as to make use of the sensible heat therein.
  • the process fluid is feedwater for a steam generator and the process fluid is supplied in such manner as to make use of the sensible heat recovered in the heat exchanger is effected in that the sensible heat recovered in the heat exchanger effects preheating of the feedwater.
  • the heat exchanger is a process fluid heat exchanger and the method comprises supply of process fluid to the heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger is a heat exchanger disposed to exchange heat with a process fluid for use in an industrial process and the method comprises using the heat exchanger to effect condensation of the water vapour and thereby recover at least some of the latent heat from the drying process.
  • the method comprises the further step of using the process fluid in an industrial process in such manner as to make use of the sensible heat recovered in the heat exchanger.
  • the process fluid is feedwater for a steam generator and the step of using the process fluid in such manner as to make use of the sensible heat recovered in the heat exchanger, effected in that the sensible heat recovered in the heat exchanger effects preheating of the feedwater.
  • the heat exchanger may be any suitable form of direct or indirect heat exchanger of familiar or bespoke design.
  • the heat exchange is in the preferred case a process fluid heat exchanger from which sensible heat can be recovered for utilisation within an industrial process, and for example within a steam generation process.
  • the method comprises a method of milling and drying of a fuel to produce a pulverous fuel supply in accordance with the first aspect of the invention, and further comprises the additional step of supplying the fuel to a combustion apparatus.
  • a combustion apparatus is for example a combustion chamber of a steam generator such as a boiler, for example comprising the boiler of a thermal power plant.
  • the fuel phase is supplied directly to the burners. In another possible embodiment, the fuel phase is supplied indirectly for example via a storage silo.
  • the method comprises a method of milling and drying of a fuel to produce a pulverous fuel supply in accordance with the first aspect of the invention, and the further step of passing the dried fuel for storage.
  • the method comprises passing the gas phase to a heat exchanger preferably being a process fluid heat exchanger to dry the gas phase, and preferably further comprises using recovered sensible heat from the heat exchanger, for example as a means of heating a process fluid which may be a liquid, gas or mixture, in an additional industrial process.
  • the additional industrial process is for example a process of operation of a thermal power plant.
  • the process fluid in such a case is for example a process fluid which may be a liquid, gas or mixture used in the operation of a thermal power plant, and is for example feedwater or air.
  • an apparatus for milling and drying of a fuel to produce a pulverous fuel supply, which apparatus further comprises a combustion apparatus and a fuel supply conduit to supply the fuel phase comprising the pulverous fuel to the combustion apparatus.
  • the combustion apparatus is for example the combustion chamber of a steam generator such as a boiler for example of a thermal power plant and the supply conduit is adapted to supply the fuel phase comprising the pulverous fuel to a combustion chamber within the steam generator.
  • the supply conduit is configured to supply the fuel phase directly to one or more burners of the steam generator.
  • the supply conduit is configured to supply the fuel phase to a storage silo for example being a storage silo of an indirectly fired steam generator.
  • an apparatus in accordance with any preceding claim further comprises a storage volume and a supply conduit to receive the fuel phase and supply the fuel phase to the storage volume.
  • the proposed system is used in conjunction with the state of the art milling system such as a fan-beater mill.
  • the process incorporates the use of a feed water heat recovery heat exchanger to dry the gas phase of fan-beater mill product stream and thereby also to recover at least some of the latent heat input from the drying process.
  • Fuel for combustion for example comprising a carbonaceous fuel of relatively high moisture content such as a lignite or other low-rank fuel, is delivered from a fuel supply 2 and combined with a hot gas stream comprising a mixture of cold or preheated air 4 and flue gas 6.
  • the mixture is supplied to a beater mill 8 to be milled into pulverous form suitable for combustion.
  • the hot gases within the mill dry the fuel to a more suitable state for combustion. For example a moisture content of 25 to 60% is reduced to 5 to 10%.
  • Water vapour from the fuel passes into the gas phase. However if the product of the mill is directly transported to the combustion furnace including the water vapour that has been created by drying the fuel this may reduce the process efficiency because the water vapour that has been created by drying the fuel is passed to the combustion furnace.
  • the stream that leaves the beater mill is first separated at the phase separator 12 into a pulverised and dried fuel phase, and a gas phase.
  • the gas phase is passed through a feed water heat exchanger 10 where the condensation of vapour moisture is carried out.
  • This enables the plant to reduce the ID fan power demand, hence increase power plant energy sales. Additionally the process efficiency increases as the gas leaving the power plant will have less moisture and therefore a smaller heat capacity, what will result in less heat being lost through the chimney. Additionally the process efficiency increases as the latent heat consumed by the mill for drying is recovered and transferred to pre-heat the feed water. Importantly, this will reduce the fuel consumption while the power plant output will remain unchanged.
  • the pulverised fuel phase substantially denuded of the gas and water vapour mixture, is passed to the burners 13 of a combustion furnace 14 of a steam generator.
  • the pulverised fuel phase is supplied directly.
  • Figure 2 is an example system for the indirect supply of pulverous fuel to a silo 11 for onward supply to the burners 13 of a combustion chamber 14 of a steam generator.
  • the steam generator may be on any suitable conventional or bespoke design.
  • the dried fuel product separated from the gas phase in separator is passed directly to the burners for combustion in combustion furnace as presented on figure 1 , or is safely stored in intermediate storage device (i.e. silo) and then transferred to the burners for combustion as presented on figure 2 .
  • intermediate storage device i.e. silo
  • current invention could be used to dry the raw fuel and store the product for transportation (i.e. shipping) and combustion on remote location.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
EP13783977.5A 2012-10-18 2013-10-18 Fuel preparation apparatus and method Not-in-force EP2909534B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB1218747.2A GB201218747D0 (en) 2012-10-18 2012-10-18 Milling and drying apparatus and method
PCT/GB2013/052725 WO2014060772A1 (en) 2012-10-18 2013-10-18 Fuel preparation apparatus and method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2909534A1 EP2909534A1 (en) 2015-08-26
EP2909534B1 true EP2909534B1 (en) 2018-04-25

Family

ID=47359101

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13783977.5A Not-in-force EP2909534B1 (en) 2012-10-18 2013-10-18 Fuel preparation apparatus and method

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20150226426A1 (enExample)
EP (1) EP2909534B1 (enExample)
KR (1) KR20150074096A (enExample)
GB (1) GB201218747D0 (enExample)
IN (1) IN2015DN03844A (enExample)
PH (1) PH12015500869A1 (enExample)
WO (1) WO2014060772A1 (enExample)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104197359B (zh) * 2014-09-16 2016-06-08 上海理工大学 带有乏气水回收的炉烟热乏气干燥闭式制粉燃煤锅炉机组
CN104197358B (zh) * 2014-09-16 2016-06-08 上海理工大学 带有乏气水回收的炉烟热风干燥闭式制粉燃煤锅炉机组
CN104197357B (zh) * 2014-09-16 2016-06-08 上海理工大学 带有乏气水回收的炉烟热风干燥闭式制粉燃煤锅炉机组
US10655851B2 (en) 2016-12-02 2020-05-19 General Electric Technology Gmbh System and method for preheating a beater mill

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007005782B3 (de) * 2007-02-06 2008-02-14 Uhde Gmbh Verfahren und Anlage zur Trocknung von staubförmigen, insbesondere einer Vergasung zuzuführenden Brennstoffen
GB201020001D0 (en) * 2010-11-25 2011-01-12 Doosan Power Systems Ltd Low rank coal processing apparatus and method

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IN2015DN03844A (enExample) 2015-10-02
EP2909534A1 (en) 2015-08-26
US20150226426A1 (en) 2015-08-13
PH12015500869A1 (en) 2015-06-22
WO2014060772A1 (en) 2014-04-24
GB201218747D0 (en) 2012-12-05
KR20150074096A (ko) 2015-07-01

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