EP2909467B1 - Piezo injector - Google Patents

Piezo injector Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2909467B1
EP2909467B1 EP13805928.2A EP13805928A EP2909467B1 EP 2909467 B1 EP2909467 B1 EP 2909467B1 EP 13805928 A EP13805928 A EP 13805928A EP 2909467 B1 EP2909467 B1 EP 2909467B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
control
leakage
chamber
control piston
piezo
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Application number
EP13805928.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2909467A1 (en
Inventor
Willibald SCHÜRZ
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Continental Automotive GmbH
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Continental Automotive GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/0603—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/30—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages
    • B05B1/3033—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages the control being effected by relative coaxial longitudinal movement of the controlling element and the spray head
    • B05B1/304—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages the control being effected by relative coaxial longitudinal movement of the controlling element and the spray head the controlling element being a lift valve
    • B05B1/3046—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages the control being effected by relative coaxial longitudinal movement of the controlling element and the spray head the controlling element being a lift valve the valve element, e.g. a needle, co-operating with a valve seat located downstream of the valve element and its actuating means, generally in the proximity of the outlet orifice
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B17/00—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
    • B05B17/04—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods
    • B05B17/06—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations
    • B05B17/0607—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M57/00—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices
    • F02M57/02—Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/70—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger
    • F02M2200/703—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic
    • F02M2200/704—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic with actuator and actuated element moving in different directions, e.g. in opposite directions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/70—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger
    • F02M2200/703—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic
    • F02M2200/705—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic with means for filling or emptying hydraulic chamber, e.g. for compensating clearance or thermal expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/70—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger
    • F02M2200/703—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic
    • F02M2200/708—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic with hydraulic chambers formed by a movable sleeve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2547/00—Special features for fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M2547/001—Control chambers formed by movable sleeves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a piezoelectric injector according to claim 1.
  • Direct fuel injection internal combustion engines are known.
  • For direct fuel injection injection valves are used, for. B. piezo injectors whose nozzle needle is driven by a piezoelectric actuator.
  • a hydraulic transmission unit are provided between the actuator and the nozzle needle. The deflection of the actuator is transmitted to a corresponding deflection of the nozzle needle.
  • a virtually backlash-free coupling between the piezoelectric actuator and the nozzle needle is required.
  • such a play-free coupling is difficult to comply due to thermal changes in length in the piezo injector. If the idle stroke between the piezoactuator and the nozzle needle is too low, this can result in an incomplete closing of the nozzle needle.
  • a fuel injector with an axially adjustable nozzle needle for controlling the fuel injection via at least one injection hole known, a piezoelectric actuator for axial adjustment of the nozzle needle and a standing in operative connection with the nozzle needle and the piezoelectric actuator hydraulic coupler.
  • the piezo injector comprises an actuator chamber in which a piezoactuator is arranged, furthermore it comprises an upper section, the injector body and a lower section, the nozzle body.
  • the injector has an intermediate plate, a control piston bore, in the nozzle body is formed, arranged in the control piston bore control sleeve, a first and a second control chamber and a leakage pin, which is arranged in a leakage pin hole in the intermediate plate. Between the first and the second control chamber there is a connection bore which transmits corresponding pressure changes.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a piezoelectric injector in which changes in length of the piezoelectric injector are compensated for themselves and which is distinguished by a compact design and simple construction. This object is achieved by a piezo injector with the features of claim 1. Preferred developments are specified in the dependent claims.
  • a piezo injector comprises an actuator chamber (170), in which a piezoactuator is arranged, a control piston bore, in which a control sleeve is arranged, in which control sleeve a control piston is accommodated, wherein the control sleeve sealingly adjoins an intermediate plate with its front side facing the piezoactuator, the control piston having a first end face facing the piezoactuator, the first end face of the control piston and the portion of the control sleeve facing the piezoactuator forming a first control space.
  • nozzle needle with a second end face, wherein the nozzle needle is guided displaceably in a central, cylindrical bore in the control piston, wherein the central bore in the control piston and the second end face of the nozzle needle form a second control chamber, further at least one connection bore between the first control chamber and the second control space provided in the control piston so as to transmit a pressure change between the first and second control spaces.
  • a leakage pin which is arranged between the piezoelectric actuator and the first end face of the control piston in a leakage pin hole in the intermediate plate, and an actuator stroke transmits directly to the control piston, wherein provided on the first control chamber remote from the end of the control piston and the control sleeve, a spring chamber is.
  • a hydraulic coupling between the piezoelectric actuator and the nozzle needle, which is integrated into the nozzle advantageously causes a clearance compensation and a stroke ratio.
  • This hydraulic coupling advantageously causes a clearance compensation and a stroke ratio.
  • temperature effects, wear at contact points in the drive and due to changes in the polarization state of the piezoelectric actuator caused change in length in the piezoelectric injector can be compensated.
  • This advantageously makes it possible to manufacture the injector from any desired material without having to take account of thermal expansion properties of the material. Therefore, a particularly high pressure resistant material can be used.
  • a first leakage from the first control chamber is made possible, a second leakage from a high-pressure region into the first control chamber is made possible, and a third leakage from the high-pressure region into the second control chamber is made possible.
  • the sum of the second leakage and the third leakage is at least as large as the first leakage and the sum of the second leakage and the third leakage is so small that when opening the nozzle needle caused by the second and the third leakage pressure increase in the second control room does not lead to a closing of the nozzle needle.
  • the second and third leak prevent the first leakage from causing unintentional opening of the nozzle needle.
  • the second and the third leakage advantageously prevents unwanted opening of the nozzle needle at very steep pressure increases in the high pressure area.
  • the piezo injector preferably has a high-pressure bore which is connected to the high-pressure region.
  • the high pressure area is connected to the spring chamber.
  • the high pressure of the high-pressure bore always prevails in the spring chamber.
  • a control piston spring is arranged in the spring chamber, which urges the control piston with a force acting in the direction of the first control chamber in contact with the leakage pin.
  • the control piston spring causes a return of the control piston to its original position after an injection process has ended.
  • a control sleeve spring is arranged in the spring chamber, which urges the control sleeve into abutment an intermediate plate.
  • this results in a sealing connection between the control sleeve and the intermediate plate, whereby the first control chamber is also sealed.
  • the piezoelectric injector there is a first mating clearance between the leakage pin and the leakage pin bore, which allows the first leakage.
  • the first mating game is less than 2 ⁇ m.
  • a second mating clearance is provided between the control piston and the control sleeve, which allows the second leakage.
  • the piezoinjector there is a third mating clearance between the nozzle needle and the control piston that allows the third leakage.
  • the second mating game is between 4 and 8 ⁇ m.
  • the piezoelectric actuator is designed as a fully active piezo stack.
  • the piezoelectric actuator can be hermetically separated from the fuel and need not have any particular fuel resistance.
  • FIG. 1 shows a piezo injector according to the invention partially shown in section.
  • the piezo injector 100 may be used to inject fuel into an internal combustion engine.
  • the piezoinjector 100 can be used, for example, for injecting diesel fuel in a common-rail internal combustion engine.
  • the piezo injector 100 has an injector housing 110.
  • the injector housing 110 may consist of a largely arbitrary material, since the thermal expansion properties of the injector 110 are irrelevant. In particular, the injector housing 110 need not be Invar.
  • a high pressure bore 120 is arranged, which can be supplied via a high pressure port under high pressure fuel.
  • the high-pressure bore 120 runs longitudinally through the injector housing 110 as far as a high-pressure area 130 to be discussed below in a lower section 140, the nozzle body, of the piezo injector 100.
  • the injector housing 110 has an actuator chamber 170 in which a piezoactuator 180 is arranged.
  • the piezoelectric actuator 180 has approximately a cylindrical shape and can be acted upon by an electrical connection 190 with an electrical voltage to change the length of the piezoelectric actuator 180 in the longitudinal direction.
  • the nozzle body 140, the piezo injector 100 has a control piston bore 200, in which a control sleeve 220 is arranged.
  • the control sleeve 220 has a pointing in the direction of the piezoelectric actuator 180 first end face 240. With this first end face 240, the control sleeve 220 seals against an intermediate plate 260.
  • a second end face 280 of the control sleeve 220 facing away from the piezoactuator 180 is acted upon by a control sleeve spring 300.
  • This control sleeve spring 300 urges the control sleeve 220 with a force urging the control sleeve 220 in sealing contact with the intermediate plate 260.
  • the control sleeve spring 300 is arranged in a spring chamber 320, which is formed by the control piston bore 200.
  • a control piston 340 with a small clearance, of about 6 microns, fitted.
  • the control piston 340 has a first end face 360 pointing in the direction of the piezoactuator 180.
  • the first end face 360 of the control piston 340, the intermediate plate 260 and the control sleeve 220 forms a first control chamber 380.
  • a leakage pin bore 400 is formed in the intermediate plate 260 adjacent to the control sleeve 220.
  • a leakage pen 420 is fitted between the piezoactuator 180 and the control piston 340 with a very small clearance.
  • the length of the leakage pin 420 is dimensioned such that an increase in the length of the piezoelectric actuator 180 is transmitted via the leakage pin 420 to the first end face 360 of the control piston 340.
  • the leakage pin 420 is fitted with a first mating clearance 640 of approximately one ⁇ m in the leakage pin bore 400, so that a sufficiently small fuel leakage, first leakage 645 from the control chamber 380 is possible even at a high rail pressure.
  • a cylindrical bore 440 is formed, by means of which an inner cylinder jacket is provided in the control piston 340.
  • a nozzle needle 460 is me their piezoelectric actuator 180 facing the upper end 480 in the cylindrical bore 440 of the control piston 340 with narrow Pairing game, 3. mating game, of about 4 microns, fitted.
  • a second control chamber 500 is thus formed by the inner cylindrical surface of the cylindrical bore 440 and a first end face 520 of the nozzle needle 460 in the cylindrical bore 440 of the control piston.
  • connection holes 540, 560 are formed connecting the first control room 380 and the second control room 500. These communication holes 540, 560 are formed to transmit pressure changes between the first control room 380 and the second control room 500. It should be noted that the number of the connection holes 540, 560 is not limited to two, it may also be just a connection hole, or it may be more than two connection holes, as long as the pressure transmission between the two control spaces 380 and 500 is ensured.
  • a further spring 600 is arranged, which acts on the control piston 340.
  • This spring 600 acts on the control piston 340 with a force acting in the direction of the first control chamber 380.
  • the spring 600 is arranged in the spring chamber 320 as well as the control sleeve spring 300.
  • This spring chamber 320 is connected to the high-pressure region 130.
  • the high-pressure region 130 is arranged, in which the Hochlichordhung 120 opens.
  • the nozzle needle 460 is arranged, the upper 480 is guided in the cylindrical bore 440, as described above.
  • the nozzle needle 460 In the closed state of the piezo injector 100, the nozzle needle 460 is located at a lower tip of the lower portion 140 of the piezo injector.
  • the piezoelectric actuator 180 is discharged and has its minimum length.
  • the piezo injector 100 does not fuel injection.
  • the piezoelectric actuator 180 If the piezoelectric actuator 180 is charged via the electrical connection 190 and thereby increases the length of the piezoactuator 180, the piezoactuator 180 exerts a force on the control piston 340 via the leakage pin 420, by means of which the control piston 340 is moved in the direction of the spring chamber 320. As a result, the volume of the first control chamber 380 increases, as a result of which the pressure in the first control chamber 380 decreases. This pressure drop in the first control chamber 380 is transmitted via the connecting bores 540, 560 in the control piston 340 directly to the end face 520 of the nozzle needle 460 and thus to the second control chamber 500.
  • the closing force acting on the nozzle needle 460 decreases.
  • the high pressure of the high-pressure region 130 which continues to act on the lower end of the nozzle needle 460, subsequently causes the nozzle needle 460 to move upwards in the direction of the second control chamber 500.
  • the piezo injector 100 is opened in order to inject fuel.
  • the stroke of the nozzle needle 460 may be controlled by varying the length of the piezoactuator 180.
  • the length of the piezoactuator 180 can be varied via a variation of the energy supplied to the piezoactuator 180 via the electrical connection.
  • the spring force exerted by the control piston spring 300 on the control piston 340 ensures that the control piston 340 always bears against the leakage pin 420 in the closed state of the piezo injector 100 and that the drive formed by the piezoactuator 180, the leakage pin 420 and the control piston 340 is free of play. This has the consequence that changing thermal boundary conditions, changes in length of the piezoelectric actuator 180 and signs of wear in the contact areas have no appreciable effect on the injection quantities given by the piezo injector 100.
  • the leakage pen 420 is fitted with a first mating clearance 640 into the leakage pin bore 400. Because of the first pairing example 640, a first leakage 645 takes place from the first control chamber 380 along the leakage pin 420 in a region of the piezo injector 100 arranged above the leakage pin 420, from which the first leakage 645 can escape via the leakage connection 160. Because of the high pressure prevailing in the first control chamber 380, the first mating clearance 640 must be selected to be small in order to obtain a small first leakage 645.
  • the first mating game confirmed less than 3 microns, more preferably about 1 micron.
  • the control piston 340 is fitted with a second mating clearance 660 in the control sleeve 220. If the pressure in the first control chamber 380 is less than the pressure in the spring chamber 320, the second mating clearance 660 causes a second leakage 665 from the spring chamber 320 along the control piston 340 into the first one Control chamber 380.
  • the second mating clearance 660 between the control piston 340 and the control sleeve 220 is preferably between 3 and 10 microns, more preferably between 4 and 8 microns to allow sufficient second leakage 665.
  • the nozzle needle 460 is fitted with its upper part 480 with a third mating clearance 680 in the cylindrical bore 440 in the control piston 340. If the pressure in the second control chamber 500 is less than the pressure in the spring chamber 320, then a third leakage 685 from the spring chamber 320 into the second control chamber 500 may occur along the spring 600 and the nozzle needle 460 through the third mating clearance 680.
  • the third mating clearance 680 is preferably between 3 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m, particularly preferably between 4 ⁇ m and 8 ⁇ m.
  • the first leakage 645 along the leakage pin 420 leads to an outflow of fuel from the first control chamber 380.
  • This fuel drain from the first control chamber 380 does not lead to a pressure drop in the first control chamber 380, which causes unintentional opening
  • the fuel leakage caused by the first leakage 645 must be compensated for by the second leakage 665 and the third leakage 685. Consequently, the sum of the second leakage 665 and the third leakage 685 must be at least as large as the first leakage 645.
  • an inflow of fuel into the first control chamber 380 and the second control chamber 500 occurs through the second leakage 665 and the third leakage 685.
  • the inflow of fuel causes an increase in pressure in the first control chamber 380 and the second control chamber 500.
  • the pressure increase must be so small that there is no unintentional premature closing of the nozzle needle 460 and thus of the piezo injector 100.
  • the second leakage 665 and the third leakage 685 are also necessary to prevent accidental opening of the nozzle needle 460 at very steep pressure increases in the high pressure area.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Piezoinjektor gemäß Patentanspruch 1.The invention relates to a piezoelectric injector according to claim 1.

Brennkraftmaschinen mit Kraftstoffdirekteinspritzung sind bekannt. Zur Kraftstoffdirekteinspritzung werden Einspritzventile eingesetzt, z. B. Piezoinjektoren, deren Düsennadel mittels eines Piezoaktors angetrieben wird. Dabei sind zwischen dem Aktor und der Düsennadel eine hydraulische Übertragungseinheit vorgesehen. Die Auslenkung des Aktors wird in eine entsprechende Auslenkung der Düsennadel übertragen. Hierzu ist eine nahezu spielfreie Kopplung zwischen dem Piezoaktor und der Düsennadel erforderlich. Eine solche spielfreie Kopplung ist jedoch aufgrund thermischer Längenänderungen im Piezoinjektor schwer einzuhalten. Ist der Leerhub zwischen Piezoaktor und Düsennadel zu gering, kann dies ein nicht vollständiges Schließen der Düsennadel zur Folge haben. Ist der Leerhub zwischen Piezoaktor und der Düsennadel zu groß, führt dies zu einer Erhöhung der zur Ansteuerung des Piezoinjektors notwendigen Ansteuerenergie. Aus dem Stand der Technik ist es bekannt, thermische Längenänderungen durch eine geeignete Materialwahl und eine Geometrie zu kompensieren. Dies führt allerdings zu hohen Fertigungskosten und schränkt die konstruktive Freiheit bei der Gestaltung des Piezoinjektors stark ein.Direct fuel injection internal combustion engines are known. For direct fuel injection injection valves are used, for. B. piezo injectors whose nozzle needle is driven by a piezoelectric actuator. In this case, a hydraulic transmission unit are provided between the actuator and the nozzle needle. The deflection of the actuator is transmitted to a corresponding deflection of the nozzle needle. For this purpose, a virtually backlash-free coupling between the piezoelectric actuator and the nozzle needle is required. However, such a play-free coupling is difficult to comply due to thermal changes in length in the piezo injector. If the idle stroke between the piezoactuator and the nozzle needle is too low, this can result in an incomplete closing of the nozzle needle. If the idle stroke between the piezoactuator and the nozzle needle is too great, this leads to an increase in the drive energy necessary for driving the piezoelectric injector. From the prior art it is known to compensate thermal length changes by a suitable choice of material and a geometry. However, this leads to high manufacturing costs and greatly limits the design freedom in the design of the piezo injector.

Aus der DE 10 2009 002 554 A1 ist ein Kraftstoffinjektor mit einer axial verstellbaren Düsennadel zur Steuerung der Kraftstoffeinspritzung über wenigstens ein Einspritzloch bekannt, einem Piezoaktor zur axialen Verstellung der Düsennadel sowie einer in Wirkverbindung mit der Düsennadel und dem Piezoaktor stehenden hydraulischen Kopplereinrichtung. Der Piezoinjektor umfasst einen Aktorraum, in dem ein Piezoaktor angeordnet ist, des Weiteren umfasst er einen oberen Abschnitt, den Injektorkörper und einen unteren Abschnitt, den Düsenkörper. Der Injektor weist eine Zwischenplatte, eine Steuerkolbenbohrung, die im Düsen körper ausgebildet ist, eine in der Steuerkolbenbohrung angeordnete Steuerhülse, einen ersten und einen zweite Steuerraum und ein Leckagestift auf, der in einer Leckagestiftbohrung in der Zwischenplatte angeordnet ist. Zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Steuerraum ist eine Verbindungsbohrung vorhanden, die entsprechende Druckänderungen überträgt.From the DE 10 2009 002 554 A1 is a fuel injector with an axially adjustable nozzle needle for controlling the fuel injection via at least one injection hole known, a piezoelectric actuator for axial adjustment of the nozzle needle and a standing in operative connection with the nozzle needle and the piezoelectric actuator hydraulic coupler. The piezo injector comprises an actuator chamber in which a piezoactuator is arranged, furthermore it comprises an upper section, the injector body and a lower section, the nozzle body. The injector has an intermediate plate, a control piston bore, in the nozzle body is formed, arranged in the control piston bore control sleeve, a first and a second control chamber and a leakage pin, which is arranged in a leakage pin hole in the intermediate plate. Between the first and the second control chamber there is a connection bore which transmits corresponding pressure changes.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, einen Piezoinjektor bereitzustellen, bei dem Längenänderungen des Piezoinjektors von selbst ausgeglichen werden und der sich durch eine kompakte und herstellungstechnisch einfachen Aufbau auszeichnet. Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen Piezoinjektor mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Bevorzugte Weiterbildungen sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.The object of the present invention is to provide a piezoelectric injector in which changes in length of the piezoelectric injector are compensated for themselves and which is distinguished by a compact design and simple construction. This object is achieved by a piezo injector with the features of claim 1. Preferred developments are specified in the dependent claims.

Ein erfindungsgemäßer Piezoinjektor umfasst einen Aktorraum (170), in dem ein Piezoaktor angeordnet ist, eine Steuerkolbenbohrung, in der eine Steuerhülse angeordnet ist, in welcher Steuerhülse ein Steuerkolben aufgenommen ist,
wobei die Steuerhülse mit ihrer dem Piezoaktor zugewandten Stirnseite dichtend an einer Zwischenplatte angrenzt,wobei der Steuerkolben eine dem Piezoaktor zugewandte erste Stirnseite aufweist, wobei die erste Stirnseite des Steuerkolbens und der dem Piezoaktor zugewandte Abschnitt der Steuerhülse einen ersten Steuerraum bilden. Ferner umfasst er eine Düsennadel mit einer zweiten Stirnseite, wobei die Düsennadel in einer zentralen, zylindrischen Bohrung im Steuerkolben verschiebbar geführt ist, wobei die zentrale Bohrung im Steuerkolben und die zweite Stirnseite der Düsennadel einen zweiten Steuerraum bilden, desweiteren mindestens eine Verbindungsbohrung zwischen dem ersten Steuerraum und dem zweiten Steuerraum, die in dem Steuerkolben derart vorgesehen ist, dass sie eine Druckänderung zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Steuerraum überträgt. Auch umfasst er einen Leckagestift, der zwischen dem Piezoaktor und der ersten Stirnseite des Steuerkolbens in einer Leckagestiftbohrung in der Zwischenplatte angeordnet ist, und einen Aktorhub unmittelbar auf den Steuerkolben überträgt, wobei an dem dem ersten Steuerraum abgewandten Ende des Steuerkolbens und der Steuerhülse ein Federraum vorgesehen ist.A piezo injector according to the invention comprises an actuator chamber (170), in which a piezoactuator is arranged, a control piston bore, in which a control sleeve is arranged, in which control sleeve a control piston is accommodated,
wherein the control sleeve sealingly adjoins an intermediate plate with its front side facing the piezoactuator, the control piston having a first end face facing the piezoactuator, the first end face of the control piston and the portion of the control sleeve facing the piezoactuator forming a first control space. Further, it comprises a nozzle needle with a second end face, wherein the nozzle needle is guided displaceably in a central, cylindrical bore in the control piston, wherein the central bore in the control piston and the second end face of the nozzle needle form a second control chamber, further at least one connection bore between the first control chamber and the second control space provided in the control piston so as to transmit a pressure change between the first and second control spaces. It also comprises a leakage pin, which is arranged between the piezoelectric actuator and the first end face of the control piston in a leakage pin hole in the intermediate plate, and an actuator stroke transmits directly to the control piston, wherein provided on the first control chamber remote from the end of the control piston and the control sleeve, a spring chamber is.

Vorteilhafterweise besteht bei diesem Piezoinjektor eine hydraulische Kopplung zwischen dem Piezoaktor und der Düsennadel, die in die Düse integriert ist. Diese hydraulische Kopplung bewirkt vorteilhafterweise einen Spielausgleich und eine Hubübersetzung. Dadurch können Temperatureffekte, Verschleiß an Kontaktstellen im Antrieb und durch Änderungen im Polarisationszustandes des Piezoaktors bedingte Längenänderung im Piezoinjektor ausgeglichen werden. Dies ermöglicht in vorteilhafterweise, den Injektor aus einem beliebigen Werkstoff zu fertigen, ohne thermische Ausdehnungseigenschaften des Werkstoffes berücksichtigen zu müssen. Daher kann ein besonders hochdruckfester Werkstoff verwendet werden. Vorteilhafterweise entfallen bei der Montage des Piezoinjektors aufwändige Einstellprozesse für einen Leerhub, was die Fertigungskosten des Piezoinjektors reduziert. Durch den Entfall eines Leerhubs reduziert sich auch eine für die Ansteuerung des Piezoinjektors benötigte Energie. Ein weiterer Vorteil des Piezoinjektors besteht in seiner verbesserten Einspritzmengenstabilität im dynamischen Motorbetrieb. Ebenfalls vorteilhaft ist, dass der Druckverlust im Piezoinjektor gegenüber dem Stand der Technik reduziert sind.Advantageously, in this piezo injector, a hydraulic coupling between the piezoelectric actuator and the nozzle needle, which is integrated into the nozzle. This hydraulic coupling advantageously causes a clearance compensation and a stroke ratio. As a result, temperature effects, wear at contact points in the drive and due to changes in the polarization state of the piezoelectric actuator caused change in length in the piezoelectric injector can be compensated. This advantageously makes it possible to manufacture the injector from any desired material without having to take account of thermal expansion properties of the material. Therefore, a particularly high pressure resistant material can be used. When assembling the piezo injector, it is advantageous to eliminate costly adjustment processes for an idle stroke, which reduces the manufacturing costs of the Piezoinjector reduced. The elimination of a Leerhubs also reduces a required for the control of the piezo injector energy. Another advantage of the piezoinjector is its improved injection quantity stability in dynamic engine operation. It is also advantageous that the pressure loss in the piezo injector over the prior art are reduced.

Es ist zweckmäßig, dass eine erste Leckage aus dem ersten Steuerraum heraus ermöglicht ist, eine zweite Leckage aus einem Hochdruckbereich in den ersten Steuerraum ermöglicht ist, und eine dritte Leckage aus dem Hochdruckbereich in den zweiten Steuerraum ermöglicht ist. Dabei ist die Summe aus der zweiten Leckage und der dritten Leckage mindestens so groß wie die erste Leckage und die Summe aus der zweiten Leckage und der dritten Leckage ist so gering, dass bei Öffnen der Düsennadel ein durch die zweite und die dritte Leckage bewirkter Druckanstieg in dem zweiten Steuerraum nicht zu einem Schließen der Düsennadel führt. Vorteilhafterweise wird durch die zweite und die dritte Leckage verhindern, dass die erste Leckage ein unbeabsichtigtes Öffnen der Düsennadel bewirkt. Die zweite und die dritte Leckage verhindert vorteilhafterweise auch ein ungewolltes Öffnen der Düsennadel bei sehr steilen Druckanstiegen im Hochdruckbereich.It is expedient that a first leakage from the first control chamber is made possible, a second leakage from a high-pressure region into the first control chamber is made possible, and a third leakage from the high-pressure region into the second control chamber is made possible. The sum of the second leakage and the third leakage is at least as large as the first leakage and the sum of the second leakage and the third leakage is so small that when opening the nozzle needle caused by the second and the third leakage pressure increase in the second control room does not lead to a closing of the nozzle needle. Advantageously, the second and third leak prevent the first leakage from causing unintentional opening of the nozzle needle. The second and the third leakage advantageously prevents unwanted opening of the nozzle needle at very steep pressure increases in the high pressure area.

Bevorzugt weist der Piezoinjektor eine Hochdruckbohrung auf, die mit dem Hochdruckbereich verbunden ist. Dabei ist der Hochdruckbereich mit dem Federraum verbunden. Vorteilhafterweise herrscht im Federraum dann stets der hohe Druck der Hochdruckbohrung.The piezo injector preferably has a high-pressure bore which is connected to the high-pressure region. The high pressure area is connected to the spring chamber. Advantageously, the high pressure of the high-pressure bore always prevails in the spring chamber.

Es ist zweckmäßig, dass im Federraum eine Steuerkolbenfeder angeordnet ist, die den Steuerkolben mit einer in Richtung des ersten Steuerraums wirkenden Kraft in Anlage an den Leckagestift drängt. Vorteilhafterweise bewirkt die Steuerkolbenfeder eine Rückkehr des Steuerkolbens in seine Ausgangsposition, nachdem ein Einspritzvorgang beendet wurde.It is expedient that a control piston spring is arranged in the spring chamber, which urges the control piston with a force acting in the direction of the first control chamber in contact with the leakage pin. Advantageously, the control piston spring causes a return of the control piston to its original position after an injection process has ended.

Ebenfalls zweckmäßig ist, dass in dem Federraum eine Steuerhülsenfeder angeordnet ist, die die Steuerhülse in Anlage eine Zwischenplatte drängt. Vorteilhafterweise erfolgt hierdurch eine dichtende Verbindung zwischen der Steuerhülse und der Zwischenplatte, wodurch der erste Steuerraum ebenfalls abgedichtet wird.It is also expedient that a control sleeve spring is arranged in the spring chamber, which urges the control sleeve into abutment an intermediate plate. Advantageously, this results in a sealing connection between the control sleeve and the intermediate plate, whereby the first control chamber is also sealed.

In einer Ausführungsform des Piezoinjektors besteht zwischen dem Leckagestift und der Leckagestiftbohrung ein erstes Paarungsspiel, das die erste Leckage ermöglicht. Dabei beträgt das erste Paarungsspiel weniger als 2 µm. Vorteilhafterweise haben Experimente und Modellrechnungen ergeben, dass ein solches erstes Paarungsspiel zu einer ausreichend kleinen ersten Leckage führt.In one embodiment of the piezoelectric injector, there is a first mating clearance between the leakage pin and the leakage pin bore, which allows the first leakage. The first mating game is less than 2 μm. Advantageously, experiments and model calculations have shown that such a first mating game leads to a sufficiently small first leak.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform des Piezoinjektors ist zwischen dem Steuerkolben und der Steuerhülse ein zweites Paarungsspiel vorgesehen, dass die zweite Leckage ermöglicht. Auch hier haben Modellrechnungen und Experimente gezeigt, dass ein derart gemessenes zweites Paarungsspiel zu einer zweiten Leckage geeigneter Größe führt.In a further embodiment of the piezo injector, a second mating clearance is provided between the control piston and the control sleeve, which allows the second leakage. Again, model calculations and experiments have shown that such a measured second mating clearance results in a second leakage of appropriate size.

In einer Ausführungsform des Piezoinjektors besteht zwischen der Düsennadel und dem Steuerkolben ein drittes Paarungsspiel, dass die dritte Leckage ermöglicht. Dabei beträgt das zweite Paarungsspiel zwischen 4 und 8 µm.In one embodiment of the piezoinjector, there is a third mating clearance between the nozzle needle and the control piston that allows the third leakage. The second mating game is between 4 and 8 μm.

Vorteilhafterweise hat sich in Modellrechnungen und Experimenten gezeigt, dass ein dritte Paarungsspiel dieser Größenordnung zu einer geeigneten dritten Leckage führt.Advantageously, it has been shown in model calculations and experiments that a third mating game of this magnitude leads to a suitable third leakage.

Besonders bevorzugt ist der Piezoaktor als ein vollaktiver Piezostapel ausgebildet. Vorteilhafterweise kann der Piezoaktor hermetisch vom Kraftstoff getrennt sein und muss keine besondere Kraftstoffbeständigkeit aufweisen.Particularly preferably, the piezoelectric actuator is designed as a fully active piezo stack. Advantageously, the piezoelectric actuator can be hermetically separated from the fuel and need not have any particular fuel resistance.

Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand der Figuren näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
den erfindungsgemäßen Piezoinjektor mit in die Düse integriertem hydraulischen Direktantrieb der Düsennadel, teilweise im Schnitt
Figur 2
eine Vergrößerung von A aus Figur 1, nämlich eine Schnittansicht durch den Steuerteil des in die Düse integrierten hydraulischen Direktantriebs der Düsennadel.
The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. Show it:
FIG. 1
the piezo injector according to the invention with integrated into the nozzle hydraulic direct drive of the nozzle needle, partially in section
FIG. 2
a magnification of A FIG. 1 , Namely, a sectional view through the control part of the integrated into the nozzle hydraulic direct drive of the nozzle needle.

Figur 1 zeigt einen erfindungsgemäßen Piezoinjektor teilweise im Schnitt dargestellt. Der Piezoinjektor 100 kann zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff in eine Brennkraftmaschine dienen. Der Piezoinjektor 100 kann beispielsweise zum Einspritzen von Dieselkraftstoff in einer Common-Rail-Brennkraftmaschine dienen. FIG. 1 shows a piezo injector according to the invention partially shown in section. The piezo injector 100 may be used to inject fuel into an internal combustion engine. The piezoinjector 100 can be used, for example, for injecting diesel fuel in a common-rail internal combustion engine.

Der Piezoinjektor 100 weist ein Injektorgehäuse 110 auf. Das Injektorgehäuse 110 kann aus einem weitgehend beliebigen Werkstoff bestehen, da die thermischen Ausdehnungseigenschaften des Injektorgehäuses 110 unerheblich sind. Insbesondere muss das Injektorgehäuse 110 nicht aus Invar bestehen.The piezo injector 100 has an injector housing 110. The injector housing 110 may consist of a largely arbitrary material, since the thermal expansion properties of the injector 110 are irrelevant. In particular, the injector housing 110 need not be Invar.

Im Injektorgehäuse 110 ist eine Hochdruckbohrung 120 angeordnet, der über einen Hochdruckanschluss unter hohem Druck stehender Kraftstoff zugeführt werden kann. Die Hochdruckbohrung 120 verlauft in Längsrichtung durch das Injektorgehäuse 110 bis zu einem nachfolgend zu erörternden Hochdruckbereich 130 in einem unteren Abschnitt 140, dem Düsenkörper, des Piezoinjektors 100. Ein oberer Abschnit 150 des Piezoinjektors 100, der Injektorkörper 150, weist ferner einen Leckageanschluss 160 auf.In the injector housing 110, a high pressure bore 120 is arranged, which can be supplied via a high pressure port under high pressure fuel. The high-pressure bore 120 runs longitudinally through the injector housing 110 as far as a high-pressure area 130 to be discussed below in a lower section 140, the nozzle body, of the piezo injector 100. An upper section 150 of the piezoinjector 100, the injector body 150, furthermore has a leakage connection 160.

Weiter weist das Injektorgehäuse 110 im oberen Abschnitt 150 des Piezoinjektors 100 einen Aktorraum 170 auf, in dem ein Piezoaktor 180 angeordnet ist. Der Piezoaktor 180 weist in etwa eine zylindrische Form auf und kann über einen elektrischen Anschluss 190 mit einer elektrischen Spannung beaufschlagt werden, um die Länge des Piezoaktors 180 in Längsrichtung zu ändern.In addition, in the upper section 150 of the piezo injector 100, the injector housing 110 has an actuator chamber 170 in which a piezoactuator 180 is arranged. The piezoelectric actuator 180 has approximately a cylindrical shape and can be acted upon by an electrical connection 190 with an electrical voltage to change the length of the piezoelectric actuator 180 in the longitudinal direction.

Im unteren Abschnitt, dem Düsenkörper 140, weist der Piezoinjektor 100 eine Steuerkolbenbohrung 200 auf, in der eine Steuerhülse 220 angeordnet ist. Die Steuerhülse 220 weist eine in Richtung des Piezoaktors 180 weisende erste Stirnseite 240 auf. Mit dieser ersten Stirnseite 240 grenzt die Steuerhülse 220 dichtend an eine Zwischenplatte 260 an. Eine zweite dem Piezoaktor 180 abgewandte Stirnseite 280 der Steuerhülse 220 wird über eine Steuerhülsenfeder 300 beaufschlagt. Diese Steuerhülsenfeder 300 beaufschlagt die Steuerhülse 220 mit einer Kraft, die die Steuerhülse 220 in dichtendem Kontakt mit der Zwischenplatte 260 drängt. Die Steuerhülsenfeder 300 ist dabei in einem Federraum 320 angeordnet, der durch die Steuerkolbenbohrung 200 gebildet ist.In the lower section, the nozzle body 140, the piezo injector 100 has a control piston bore 200, in which a control sleeve 220 is arranged. The control sleeve 220 has a pointing in the direction of the piezoelectric actuator 180 first end face 240. With this first end face 240, the control sleeve 220 seals against an intermediate plate 260. A second end face 280 of the control sleeve 220 facing away from the piezoactuator 180 is acted upon by a control sleeve spring 300. This control sleeve spring 300 urges the control sleeve 220 with a force urging the control sleeve 220 in sealing contact with the intermediate plate 260. The control sleeve spring 300 is arranged in a spring chamber 320, which is formed by the control piston bore 200.

In der Steuerhülse 220 ist ein Steuerkolben 340 mit kleinem Spiel, von etwa 6 µm, eingepasst. Der Steuerkolben 340 weist einen in Richtung des Piezoaktors 180 weisende erste Stirnseite 360 auf. Die erste Stirnseite 360 des Steuerkolben 340, die Zwischenplatte 260 und die Steuerhülse 220 bildet einen ersten Steuerraum 380.In the control sleeve 220, a control piston 340 with a small clearance, of about 6 microns, fitted. The control piston 340 has a first end face 360 pointing in the direction of the piezoactuator 180. The first end face 360 of the control piston 340, the intermediate plate 260 and the control sleeve 220 forms a first control chamber 380.

In der an die Steuerhülse 220 angrenzenden Zwischenplatte 260 ist eine Leckagenstiftbohrung 400 ausgebildet. In dieser Leckagestiftbohrung 400 ist ein Leckagestift 420 zwischen dem Piezoaktor 180 und dem Steuerkolben 340 mit sehr kleinem Spiel eingepasst. Die Länge des Leckagestifts 420 ist dabei so bemessen, dass eine Erhöhung der Länge des Piezoaktors 180 über den Leckagestift 420 auf die erste Stirnseite 360 des Steuerkolbens 340 übertragen wird. Der Leckagestift 420 ist dabei mit einem esrsten Paarungsspiel 640 von ungefähr einem µm in der Leckagestiftbohrung 400 eingepasst, so dass auch bei einem hohen Raildruck eine ausreichend kleine Kraftstoffleckage, 1.Leckage 645 aus dem Steuerraum 380 möglich ist.A leakage pin bore 400 is formed in the intermediate plate 260 adjacent to the control sleeve 220. In this leakage pin bore 400, a leakage pen 420 is fitted between the piezoactuator 180 and the control piston 340 with a very small clearance. The length of the leakage pin 420 is dimensioned such that an increase in the length of the piezoelectric actuator 180 is transmitted via the leakage pin 420 to the first end face 360 of the control piston 340. In this case, the leakage pin 420 is fitted with a first mating clearance 640 of approximately one μm in the leakage pin bore 400, so that a sufficiently small fuel leakage, first leakage 645 from the control chamber 380 is possible even at a high rail pressure.

In dem Steuerkolben 300 ist eine zylindrische Bohrung 440 ausgebildet, mittels welcher ein innerer Zylindermantel im Steuerkolben 340 vorgesehen ist. Eine Düsennadel 460 ist mir ihrem dem Piezoaktor 180 zugewandten oberen Ende 480 in der zylindrischen Bohrung 440 des Steuerkolbens 340 mit engem Paarungsspiel, 3. Paarungsspiel, von etwa 4 µm, eingepasst. Ein zweiter Steuerraum 500 wird somit durch den inneren Zylindermantel der zylindrischen Bohrung 440 und einer ersten Stirnseite 520 der Düsennadel 460 in der zylindrischen Bohrung 440 des Steuerkolbens gebildet.In the control piston 300, a cylindrical bore 440 is formed, by means of which an inner cylinder jacket is provided in the control piston 340. A nozzle needle 460 is me their piezoelectric actuator 180 facing the upper end 480 in the cylindrical bore 440 of the control piston 340 with narrow Pairing game, 3. mating game, of about 4 microns, fitted. A second control chamber 500 is thus formed by the inner cylindrical surface of the cylindrical bore 440 and a first end face 520 of the nozzle needle 460 in the cylindrical bore 440 of the control piston.

In dem Steuerkolben 340 sind zwei Verbindungsbohrungen 540, 560 ausgebildet, die den ersten Steuerraum 380 und den zweiten Steuerraum 500 verbinden. Diese Verbindungsbohrungen 540, 560 sind so ausgebildet, dass sie Druckänderungen zwischen dem ersten Steuerraum 380 und dem zweiten Steuerraum 500 übertragen. Es sei angemerkt, dass die Anzahl der Verbindungsbohrungen 540,560 nicht auf zwei beschränkt ist, es auch lediglich eine Verbindungsbohrung sein kann bzw. es mehr als zwei Verbindungsbohrungen sein können, solange die Druckübertragung zwischen den beiden Steuerräumen 380 und 500 gewährleistet ist.In the control piston 340, two communication holes 540, 560 are formed connecting the first control room 380 and the second control room 500. These communication holes 540, 560 are formed to transmit pressure changes between the first control room 380 and the second control room 500. It should be noted that the number of the connection holes 540, 560 is not limited to two, it may also be just a connection hole, or it may be more than two connection holes, as long as the pressure transmission between the two control spaces 380 and 500 is ensured.

Auf der der ersten Stirnseite 360 des Steuerkolbens 380 entgegengesetzten Stirnseite 580 des Steuerkolbens 340 ist eine weitere Feder 600 angeordnet, die den Steuerkolben 340 beaufschlagt. Diese Feder 600 beaufschlagt den Steuerkolben 340 mit einer in Richtung des ersten Steuerraums 380 wirkenden Kraft.On the first end face 360 of the control piston 380 opposite end face 580 of the control piston 340, a further spring 600 is arranged, which acts on the control piston 340. This spring 600 acts on the control piston 340 with a force acting in the direction of the first control chamber 380.

Die Feder 600 ist ebenso wie die Steuerhülsenfeder 300 im Federraum 320 angeordnet. Dieser Federraum 320 ist mit dem Hochdruckbereich 130 verbunden. Somit befindet sich im Federraum 320 im Betrieb des Piezoinjektors 100 stets Kraftstoff mit dem in der Hochdruckbohrung 120 und im Hochdruckbereich 130 herrschenden Druck.The spring 600 is arranged in the spring chamber 320 as well as the control sleeve spring 300. This spring chamber 320 is connected to the high-pressure region 130. Thus, in the spring chamber 320, during operation of the piezoinjector 100, there is always fuel with the pressure prevailing in the high-pressure bore 120 and in the high-pressure region 130.

Weiter ist im unteren Abschnitt 140 des Piezoinjektors 100 der Hochdruckbereich 130 angeordnet, in der die Hochdruckborhung 120 mündet. Im Hochdruckbereich 130 ist die Düsennadel 460 angeordnet, deren oberes 480 in der zylindrischen Bohrung 440 geführt ist, wie vorstehend beschrieben.Further, in the lower portion 140 of the piezo injector 100, the high-pressure region 130 is arranged, in which the Hochdruckordhung 120 opens. In the high pressure region 130, the nozzle needle 460 is arranged, the upper 480 is guided in the cylindrical bore 440, as described above.

Im geschlossenen Zustand des Piezoinjektors 100 liegt die Düsennadel 460 an einer unteren Spitze des unteren Abschnitts 140 des Piezoinjektors an. Der Piezoaktor 180 ist entladen und weist seine minimale Länge auf. Der Piezoinjektor 100 führt keine Kraftstoffeinspritzung durch.In the closed state of the piezo injector 100, the nozzle needle 460 is located at a lower tip of the lower portion 140 of the piezo injector. The piezoelectric actuator 180 is discharged and has its minimum length. The piezo injector 100 does not fuel injection.

Wird der Piezoaktor 180 über den elektrischen Anschluss 190 geladen und dadurch die Länge des Piezoaktors 180 erhöht, so übt der Piezoaktor 180 über den Leckagestift 420 eine Kraft auf den Steuerkolben 340 aus, durch die der Steuerkolben 340 in Richtung des Federraums 320 bewegt wird. Dadurch erhöht sich das Volumen des ersten Steuerraums 380, wodurch der Druck im ersten Steuerraum 380 abnimmt. Dieser Druckabfall im ersten Steuerraum 380 wird über die Verbindungsbohrungen 540, 560 im Steuerkolben 340 direkt auf die Stirnseite 520 der Düsennadel 460 und somit auf den zweiten Steuerraum 500 übertragen. Wenn der Druckabfall im zweiten Steuerraum 500 einen bestimmten Wert überschreitet, nimmt folglich die Schließkraft die auf die Düsennadel 460 wirkt, ab. Der weiterhin auf das untere Ende der Düsennadel 460 wirkende hohe Druck des Hochdruckbereichs 130 bewirkt in der Folge eine Bewegung der Düsennadel 460 nach oben in Richtung des zweiten Steuerraums 500. Dadurch wird der Piezoinjektor 100 geöffnet, um Kraftstoff einzuspritzen.If the piezoelectric actuator 180 is charged via the electrical connection 190 and thereby increases the length of the piezoactuator 180, the piezoactuator 180 exerts a force on the control piston 340 via the leakage pin 420, by means of which the control piston 340 is moved in the direction of the spring chamber 320. As a result, the volume of the first control chamber 380 increases, as a result of which the pressure in the first control chamber 380 decreases. This pressure drop in the first control chamber 380 is transmitted via the connecting bores 540, 560 in the control piston 340 directly to the end face 520 of the nozzle needle 460 and thus to the second control chamber 500. As a result, when the pressure drop in the second control room 500 exceeds a certain value, the closing force acting on the nozzle needle 460 decreases. The high pressure of the high-pressure region 130, which continues to act on the lower end of the nozzle needle 460, subsequently causes the nozzle needle 460 to move upwards in the direction of the second control chamber 500. As a result, the piezo injector 100 is opened in order to inject fuel.

Durch das Verhältnis des Durchmessers des Steuerkolbens 340 und damit des Durchmessers des ersten Steuerraum 380 zum oberen Düsennadeldurchmesser an ihrer Stirnseite 520 und damit zum Durchmesser des zweiten Steuerraums 500 wird das Übersetzungsverhältnis Piezoaktorhub - Düsennadelhub festgelegt.By the ratio of the diameter of the control piston 340 and thus the diameter of the first control chamber 380 to the upper nozzle needle diameter at its end face 520 and thus to the diameter of the second control chamber 500, the transmission ratio Piezoaktorhub - Düsennadelhub set.

Nach dem Öffnen der Düsennadel 460 kann der Hub der Düsennadel 460 über eine Variation der Länge des Piezoaktors 180 gesteuert werden. Die Länge des Piezoaktors 180 wiederum kann über eine Variation der dem Piezoaktor 180 über den elektrischen Anschluss zugeführten Energie verändert werden.After opening the nozzle needle 460, the stroke of the nozzle needle 460 may be controlled by varying the length of the piezoactuator 180. In turn, the length of the piezoactuator 180 can be varied via a variation of the energy supplied to the piezoactuator 180 via the electrical connection.

Wird der Piezoaktor 180 anschließend entladen und damit verkürzt, so bewirken der im Federraum 320 wirkende Raildruck zusammen mit der ebenfalls wirkenden Kraft der Steuerhülsenfeder 300 auf den Steuerkolben 340 eine Bewegung desselben in Richtung zurück zu seiner Ausgangsposition, sprich in Richtung des ersten Steuerraums 380. Dadurch erhöht sich der Druck im ersten Steuerraum 380 und über die zwischen dem ersten Steuerraum 380 und dem zweiten Steuerraum 500 bestehenden Verbindungsbohrungen 540, 560, auch der Druck im zweiten Steuerraum 500. Dies hat ein Zurückbewegen der Düsennadel 460 an das untere Ende des unteren Teils des Piezoinjektors 100 zur Folge, durch die der Piezoinjektor 100 geschlossen und die Kraftstoffeinspritzung beendet wird.If the piezoactuator 180 is subsequently unloaded and thereby shortened, then the rail pressure acting in the spring chamber 320, together with the likewise acting force of the control sleeve spring 300 on the control piston 340, cause it to move back in the direction of This increases the pressure in the first control chamber 380 and via the existing between the first control chamber 380 and the second control chamber 500 connecting holes 540, 560, and the pressure in the second control chamber 500. This has a Moving back of the nozzle needle 460 to the lower end of the lower part of the piezo injector 100 by which the piezo injector 100 is closed and the fuel injection is terminated.

Die durch die Steuerkolbenfeder 300 auf den Steuerkolben 340 ausgeübte Federkraft stellt sicher, dass der Steuerkolben 340 im geschlossenen Zustand des Piezoinjektors 100 stets am Leckagestift 420 anliegt und der durch den Piezoaktor 180, den Leckagestift 420 und dem Steuerkolben 340 gebildete Antrieb spielfrei ist. Dies hat zur Folge, dass wechselnde thermische Randbedingungen, Längenänderungen des Piezoaktors 180 und Verschleißerscheinungen in den Kontaktbereichen keinen merklichen Einfluss auf die durch den Piezoinjektor 100 gegebene Einspritzmengen haben.The spring force exerted by the control piston spring 300 on the control piston 340 ensures that the control piston 340 always bears against the leakage pin 420 in the closed state of the piezo injector 100 and that the drive formed by the piezoactuator 180, the leakage pin 420 and the control piston 340 is free of play. This has the consequence that changing thermal boundary conditions, changes in length of the piezoelectric actuator 180 and signs of wear in the contact areas have no appreciable effect on the injection quantities given by the piezo injector 100.

Der Leckagestift 420 ist mit einem ersten Paarungsspiel 640 in die Leckagestiftbohrung 400 eingepasst. Wegen des ersten Paarungsbeispiels 640 findet eine erste Leckage 645 aus dem ersten Steuerraum 380 entlang des Leckagestifts 420 in einem oberhalb des Leckagestifts 420 angeordneten Bereich des Piezoinjektors 100 statt, von wo die erste Leckage 645 über den Leckageanschluss 160 entweichen kann. Wegen des im ersten Steuerraums 380 herrschenden hohen Drucks muss das erste Paarungsspiel 640 klein gewählt werden, um eine kleine erste Leckage 645 zu erhalten. Das erste Paarungsspiel bestätigt dabei weniger als 3 µm, besonders bevorzugt ungefähr 1 µm.The leakage pen 420 is fitted with a first mating clearance 640 into the leakage pin bore 400. Because of the first pairing example 640, a first leakage 645 takes place from the first control chamber 380 along the leakage pin 420 in a region of the piezo injector 100 arranged above the leakage pin 420, from which the first leakage 645 can escape via the leakage connection 160. Because of the high pressure prevailing in the first control chamber 380, the first mating clearance 640 must be selected to be small in order to obtain a small first leakage 645. The first mating game confirmed less than 3 microns, more preferably about 1 micron.

Der Steuerkolben 340 ist mit einem zweiten Paarungsspiel 660 in die Steuerhülse 220 eingepasst. Ist der Druck im ersten Steuerraum 380 geringer als der Druck im Federraum 320, so kommt es wegen des zweiten Paarungsspiels 660 zu einer zweiten Leckage 665 vom Federraum 320 entlang des Steuerkolbens 340 in den ersten Steuerraum 380. Das zweite Paarungsspiel 660 zwischen dem Steuerkolben 340 und der Steuerhülse 220 beträgt bevorzugt zwischen 3 und 10 µm, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 4 und 8 µm, um eine ausreichende zweite Leckage 665 zu ermöglichen.The control piston 340 is fitted with a second mating clearance 660 in the control sleeve 220. If the pressure in the first control chamber 380 is less than the pressure in the spring chamber 320, the second mating clearance 660 causes a second leakage 665 from the spring chamber 320 along the control piston 340 into the first one Control chamber 380. The second mating clearance 660 between the control piston 340 and the control sleeve 220 is preferably between 3 and 10 microns, more preferably between 4 and 8 microns to allow sufficient second leakage 665.

Die Düsennadel 460 ist mit ihrem oberen Teil 480 mit einem dritten Paarungsspiel 680 in die zylindrische Bohrung 440 im Steuerkolben 340 eingepasst. Ist der Druck im zweiten Steuerraum 500 geringer als der Druck im Federraum 320, so kann es entlang der Feder 600 und der Düsennadel 460 durch das dritte Paarungsspiel 680 zu einer dritten Leckage 685 aus dem Federraum 320 in den zweiten Steuerraum 500 kommen. Das dritte Paarungsspiel 680 beträgt bevorzugt zwischen 3 µm und 10 µm, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 4 µm und 8 µm.The nozzle needle 460 is fitted with its upper part 480 with a third mating clearance 680 in the cylindrical bore 440 in the control piston 340. If the pressure in the second control chamber 500 is less than the pressure in the spring chamber 320, then a third leakage 685 from the spring chamber 320 into the second control chamber 500 may occur along the spring 600 and the nozzle needle 460 through the third mating clearance 680. The third mating clearance 680 is preferably between 3 μm and 10 μm, particularly preferably between 4 μm and 8 μm.

Im geschlossenen Zustand des Piezoinjektors 100 kommt es durch die erste Leckage 645 entlang des Leckagestifts 420 zu einem Abfluss von Kraftstoff aus dem ersten Steuerraum 380. Damit dieser Kraftstoffabfluss aus dem ersten Steuerraum 380 nicht zu einem Druckabfall im ersten Steuerraum 380 führt, der ein unbeabsichtigtes Öffnen der Düsennadel 460 zur Folge hätte, muss der durch die erste Leckage 645 bewirkte Kraftstoffverlust durch die zweite Leckage 665, und die dritte Leckage 685 ausgeglichen werden. Folglich muss die Summe aus der zweiten Leckage 665 und der dritten Leckage 685 mindestens so groß wie die erste Leckage 645 sein.In the closed state of the piezoinjector 100, the first leakage 645 along the leakage pin 420 leads to an outflow of fuel from the first control chamber 380. This fuel drain from the first control chamber 380 does not lead to a pressure drop in the first control chamber 380, which causes unintentional opening If the nozzle needle 460 results, the fuel leakage caused by the first leakage 645 must be compensated for by the second leakage 665 and the third leakage 685. Consequently, the sum of the second leakage 665 and the third leakage 685 must be at least as large as the first leakage 645.

Im geöffneten Zustand der Düsennadel 460 und damit des Piezoinjektors 100 kommt es durch die zweite Leckage 665 und die dritte Leckage 685 zu einem Zufluss von Kraftstoff in den ersten Steuerraum 380 und den zweiten Steuerraum 500. Der Zufluss von Kraftstoff bewirkt eine Druckerhöhung im ersten Steuerraum 380 und dem zweiten Steuerraum 500. Die Druckzunahme muss jedoch so klein sein, dass es nicht zu einem unbeabsichtigten vorzeitigen Schließen der Düsennadel 460 und damit des Piezoinjektors 100 kommt.In the opened state of the nozzle needle 460 and thus of the piezo injector 100, an inflow of fuel into the first control chamber 380 and the second control chamber 500 occurs through the second leakage 665 and the third leakage 685. The inflow of fuel causes an increase in pressure in the first control chamber 380 and the second control chamber 500. However, the pressure increase must be so small that there is no unintentional premature closing of the nozzle needle 460 and thus of the piezo injector 100.

Die zweite Leckage 665 und die dritte Leckage 685 sind auch notwendig, um ein ungewolltes Öffnen der Düsennadel 460 bei sehr steilen Druckanstiegen im Hochdruckbereich zu verhindern.The second leakage 665 and the third leakage 685 are also necessary to prevent accidental opening of the nozzle needle 460 at very steep pressure increases in the high pressure area.

Claims (9)

  1. Piezo injector having an actuator chamber (170) in which a piezo actuator (180) is arranged,
    wherein the piezo injector comprises an upper section, the injector body (150), and a lower section, the nozzle body (140),
    having a control piston bore (200) which is formed in the nozzle body, wherein a control sleeve (220) is arranged in the control piston bore (200), in which control sleeve (220) there is accommodated a control piston (340), wherein the control sleeve (220), by way of a first face side (240) facing toward the piezo actuator (180), sealingly adjoins an intermediate plate (260),
    wherein the control piston (340) has a first face side (360) facing toward the piezo actuator (180),
    wherein the first face side (360) of the control piston (340) and that section of the control sleeve (220) which faces toward the piezo actuator (180) form a first control chamber (380),
    having a nozzle needle (460) with a second face side (520),
    wherein the nozzle needle (460) is guided displaceably in a central, cylindrical bore (440) in the control piston (340),
    wherein the central bore (440) in the control piston (340) and the second face side (520) of the nozzle needle (460) form a second control chamber (500),
    having at least one connecting bore (540, 560) between the first control chamber (380) and the second control chamber (500), which at least one connecting bore is provided in the control piston (340) so as to transmit a change in pressure between the first (380) and the second control chamber (500), and having a leakage pin (420) which is arranged between the piezo actuator (180) and the first face side (360) of the control piston (340) in a leakage pin bore (400) in the intermediate plate (260) and which transmits an actuator stroke directly to the control piston (340), wherein a spring chamber (320) is provided at that end of the control piston (340) and of the control sleeve (220) which faces away from the first control chamber (380).
  2. Piezo injector according to Claim 1, wherein a first leakage (645) out of the first control chamber (380) is permitted,
    wherein a second leakage (665) out of a high-pressure region (130) into the first control chamber (380) is permitted,
    wherein a third leakage (685) out of the high-pressure region (130) into the second control chamber (500) is permitted,
    wherein the sum of the second leakage (665) and the third leakage (685) is at least as great as the first leakage (645),
    wherein the sum of the second leakage (665) and the third leakage (685) is so small that, when the nozzle needle (460) is open, a pressure increase effected in the second control chamber (500) by the second (665) and the third leakage (685) does not lead to a closure of the nozzle needle (460).
  3. Piezo injector according to Claim 2,
    wherein the piezo injector (100) has a high-pressure bore (120), wherein the high-pressure bore (120) is connected to the high-pressure region (130), wherein the high-pressure region (130) is connected to the spring chamber (320) .
  4. Piezo injector according to either of Claims 2 or 3, wherein, in the spring chamber (320), there is arranged a control piston spring (600) which forces the control piston (340) into abutment against the leakage pin (420) with a force which acts in the direction of the first control chamber (380).
  5. Piezo injector according to one of Claims 2 to 4, wherein, in the spring chamber (320), there is arranged a control sleeve spring (380) which forces the control sleeve (220) into abutment against the intermediate plate (260).
  6. Piezo injector according to one of Claims 2 to 5,
    wherein there is a first pairing clearance (640) between the leakage pin (420) and the leakage pin bore (400), wherein the first pairing clearance (640) permits the first leakage (645), wherein the first pairing clearance (640) is less than two µm.
  7. Piezo injector according to one of Claims 2 to 6, wherein there is a second pairing clearance (660) between the control piston (340) and the control sleeve (220), wherein the second pairing clearance (660) permits the second leakage (665),
    wherein the second pairing clearance (660) is between four and eight µm.
  8. Piezo injector according to one of Claims 2 to 7,
    wherein there is a third pairing clearance (680) between the nozzle needle (460) and the control piston (340), wherein the third pairing clearance (680) permits the third leakage (685), wherein the third pairing clearance (680) is between two and eight µm.
  9. Piezo injector according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the piezo actuator (180) is in the form of a fully active piezo stack.
EP13805928.2A 2012-12-20 2013-12-17 Piezo injector Active EP2909467B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012223934.0A DE102012223934B4 (en) 2012-12-20 2012-12-20 piezoinjector
PCT/EP2013/076961 WO2014095910A1 (en) 2012-12-20 2013-12-17 Piezo injector

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2909467A1 EP2909467A1 (en) 2015-08-26
EP2909467B1 true EP2909467B1 (en) 2019-02-13

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13805928.2A Active EP2909467B1 (en) 2012-12-20 2013-12-17 Piezo injector

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US (1) US9689359B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2909467B1 (en)
CN (1) CN104797807B (en)
DE (1) DE102012223934B4 (en)
WO (1) WO2014095910A1 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
US20150345443A1 (en) 2015-12-03
CN104797807A (en) 2015-07-22
US9689359B2 (en) 2017-06-27
EP2909467A1 (en) 2015-08-26
WO2014095910A1 (en) 2014-06-26
DE102012223934A1 (en) 2014-06-26
CN104797807B (en) 2017-12-05
DE102012223934B4 (en) 2015-10-15

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