EP2907203A1 - Résonateur optique à surélévation - Google Patents

Résonateur optique à surélévation

Info

Publication number
EP2907203A1
EP2907203A1 EP13788902.8A EP13788902A EP2907203A1 EP 2907203 A1 EP2907203 A1 EP 2907203A1 EP 13788902 A EP13788902 A EP 13788902A EP 2907203 A1 EP2907203 A1 EP 2907203A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
optical
resonator
radiation
optical element
prism
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13788902.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ioachim Pupeza
Arno Klenke
Jens Limpert
Sven BREITKOPF
Andreas TÜNNERMANN
Tino Eidam
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Friedrich Schiller Universtaet Jena FSU
Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Wissenschaften eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Friedrich Schiller Universtaet Jena FSU
Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Wissenschaften eV
GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV, Friedrich Schiller Universtaet Jena FSU, Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Wissenschaften eV, GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung GmbH filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Publication of EP2907203A1 publication Critical patent/EP2907203A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/005—Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
    • H01S3/0057—Temporal shaping, e.g. pulse compression, frequency chirping

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an optical resonator having at least one optical element which reflects or transmits laser radiation, preferably pulsed laser radiation.
  • the average power and pulse peak power of the laser system for generating ultrashort laser pulses are usually limited by various physical effects or for technical reasons.
  • the high peak intensity due to the short laser pulse duration leads to non-linear effects in the amplifier medium, which deteriorate the pulse quality and thus limit the maximum pulse peak power in the amplifier.
  • Even damage thresholds of the laser material or the maximum thermal load due to absorption can limit the average power or the pulse energy.
  • the laser radiation of a short-pulse oscillator or a high-repetition rate optical amplifier (typically 1 MHz to 10 GHz, equidistant pulse intervals or burst-shaped) is coupled into a resonator and boosted therein.
  • a short-pulse oscillator or a high-repetition rate optical amplifier typically 1 MHz to 10 GHz, equidistant pulse intervals or burst-shaped
  • enormous peak pulse powers using ultrashort laser pulses with a pulse duration of less than 10 ps
  • this performance can only be used intra-cavity.
  • Various non-linear processes, such as optical parametric amplification or the generation of high harmonics have been proposed for decoupling and exploiting the intracavity (excessive) power.
  • Optical resonators can also be used to amplify optical pulses.
  • active resonators so-called regenerative amplifier
  • regenerative amplifier an optically pumped, laser-active material in which the circulating pulses are amplified in several passes.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a practicable, improved possibility of switching pulsed laser radiation out of a superelevation resonator or into it.
  • the invention solves the problem by the fact that the optical element is switchable, wherein in a first switching position, the laser radiation is reflected or transmitted in such a way that it rotates in the resonator, and wherein coupled in a second switching position, the laser radiation from the resonator or the emitted by an external radiation source laser radiation is coupled into the resonator.
  • a particular advantage of the invention over the prior art is that the optical element can be designed mechanically movable by simple means to change from a first position (in the first switching position) to a second position (in the second switching position). In this case, the time between two successive radiation pulses at a location in the resonator can be used to move the optical element from the first position to the second position. As soon as the optical element is in the second position, the subsequently arriving radiation is decoupled from the resonator or the external radiation is coupled into the resonator.
  • the time for switching from the first position to the second position or vice versa can be used and / or the geometric difference between the first position and the second position can be particularly be formed low.
  • the difference between the first and the second position also called adjusting stroke, causes an increased offset of the radiation at the end of the resonator with a particularly long beam path.
  • the optical element is designed as a movably arranged optical mirror, a movably arranged angle-dispersive element, an inducible plasma mirror or an at least partially movable optical prism.
  • a movably arranged optical mirror it is mounted on a piezoelectric element, wherein the piezoelectric element moves or sets the mirror from the first position to the second position. The radiation is reflected at the optical mirror.
  • the piezoelectric actuator allows sufficiently fast adjustment of the optical mirror, which in principle for the positioning time more time than a simple orbital period of the radiation in the resonator is available.
  • the movement can be non-linear, wherein a larger stroke is generated at the end of the switching time.
  • the movably arranged angle-dispersive element can be designed for example as an optical grating, which is moved similar to the optical mirror.
  • an inducible plasma level works as a switchable optical element in the sense of the invention.
  • an additional laser pulse from an external laser provided for this purpose induces a plasma in a gas flowing into the resonator, at which the laser pulse circulating in the resonator is diffracted or reflected out of it .
  • the laser pulse, which triggers the plasma formation is only a few femtoseconds long and therefore has a significantly higher pulse peak power than the (time-stretched) laser pulse in the resonator. This ensures that it is not the laser pulse circulating in the resonator itself that gives rise to the plasma.
  • the above-mentioned at least partially movable optical prism deflects the radiation transmissively.
  • the optical prism is formed in an advantageous embodiment, at least two parts, wherein at least a first part of the optical prism is designed to be movable so that in the first switching position, the first part of the prism is spaced from a second part of the prism and in the second switching position the first part abuts the second part.
  • the shape of the optical prism in the second position changes to inhibit total reflection inside the prism.
  • the optical Prism can be switched very quickly between the two switching positions.
  • the optical prism is formed of quartz glass, yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG), diamond or a material composed thereof. Since, as already mentioned, the optical prism transmissively deflects the radiation, the prism may absorb power. However, this can be prevented or at least controlled with a suitable choice of the materials used and their geometry.
  • YAG yttrium-aluminum garnet
  • An essential advantage of this embodiment of the optical element is that the stability of the beam path in the normal resonator operation of the first part of the optical prism remains substantially unaffected. Furthermore, the direction of the radiation is also constant during decoupling or coupling, since the radiation impinges equally on the optical prism.
  • a reflective element may be provided, which is arranged in the beam path after the switchable optical element or after the concave mirror for decoupling the circulating radiation or coupling the external radiation.
  • the focus of the beam path is targeted only in one of the two switching positions on the reflective element, so that the deflection angle increased and the radiation can be effectively switched off or coupled.
  • the optical element is movable by means of a piezoelectric or electro-magnetic position indicator.
  • the positioner can, as already described, as a piezoelectric Actuator be formed or as an electro-magnetic element to produce the respective movement of the optical element.
  • the respective position can be set very accurately and sufficiently fast.
  • the positioner has a positioning time of the optical element from the first position to the second position of less than 1 ⁇ , preferably less than 100 ns, particularly preferably less than 1 ns.
  • the short positioning time allows in particular the use of the already mentioned short time window at circulating frequencies of 1 MHz to 1 GHz for switching the optical element.
  • the invention further relates to a device comprising an optical element, at least one position indicator and a holder for use in an optical resonator as described above, wherein the position indicator is arranged on the optical element.
  • the device allows radiation in the resonator to be reflected or transmitted in a first position in such a way that it circulates in the resonator.
  • the device allows a second position of the optical element to be controlled, the radiation circulating in the resonator being reflected or transmitted in such a way that it can be coupled out of the resonator.
  • the first and second position can be controlled in each case particularly quickly and effectively.
  • the device has a second position indicator, wherein the two position encoders are each arranged on the edge side of the optical element and the second positioner is controllable in opposite directions to the first positioner.
  • the two position encoders are each arranged on the edge side of the optical element and the second positioner is controllable in opposite directions to the first positioner.
  • the positioner is designed to be sheared.
  • the positioner shears at one corresponding electrical signal and tilts the optical element to deflect an incident radiation.
  • the positioner and the optical element can be integrally formed, wherein a part of the position indicator is provided for example with a reflective layer.
  • the invention also relates to a laser system for generating laser radiation of high power, comprising a laser oscillator which generates pulsed laser radiation having a pulse duration in the range of picoseconds to femtoseconds, wherein the radiation emitted by the laser oscillator is coupled into an optical resonator according to the invention for the purpose of resonant peaking.
  • the laser oscillator may be e.g. to be a mode-locked laser per se known type.
  • the laser system has a tickwise electronic control circuit which periodically switches the optical element of the resonator between the two switching positions according to the desired repetition rate and power.
  • the laser system may further comprise an optical amplifier which amplifies the laser radiation of the laser oscillator to obtain the desired power in the resonator according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows an optical resonator with a movably arranged optical mirror in a first position.
  • FIG. 2 shows an optical resonator with a movably arranged optical mirror in a second position
  • Fig. 3 shows an optical resonator comprising a concave mirror and a movable arranged optical mirrors in a first position; an optical resonator comprising a concave mirror and a movably arranged optical mirror in a second position; an optical resonator comprising an at least partially movable optical prism in a first position; an optical resonator comprising an at least partially movable optical prism in a second position; a device comprising an optical element, a position indicator and a holder; a device comprising an optical element, two positioners and a holder; a device comprising an optical element and a sheared positioner.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic arrangement of an optical resonator 1 comprising an optical element 2, wherein the optical element 2 is formed in this embodiment as a movably arranged optical mirror.
  • the optical element 2 reflects a radiation circulating in the resonator corresponding to a beam path 3 in a first position of the optical element 2.
  • the beam path is further reflected by optical mirrors 4, 5, 6 such that the radiation circulates in the optical resonator.
  • the optical element 2 switchable between a first switching position and a second switching position.
  • the optical resonator 1 can be designed as a passive resonator or as an active resonator, ie with an optically pumped, laser-active medium arranged in the resonator.
  • the cycle time in the resonator is equal to an integer multiple of a pulse spacing of the rotating pulsed laser radiation.
  • the radiation of a short-pulse oscillator (optionally after optical amplification) is coupled into the resonator with a high pulse repetition frequency and resonantly amplified therein, the pulse repetition frequency of the equidistant pulses being between 1 MHz and 1 GHz.
  • the power of the resonator can only be used if the radiation can also be coupled out of the resonator.
  • a suitable switch which for example decouples the circulating radiation or couples in an external radiation, switches between two pulses of the radiation.
  • switching times of 1 ⁇ to less than 1 ns are necessary.
  • the first position of the optical element 2 in the embodiment as a rotatably arranged optical mirror the radiation is increased in accordance with the beam path 3 in the resonator.
  • the radiation can now, as shown in FIG. 2, be coupled out of the resonator in a second position of the optical element, or external radiation can be coupled into the resonator for coherent superposition.
  • the position sensor 7 is controlled such that it sets or moves the optical element 2 in the second position.
  • the circulating radiation is decoupled from the resonator according to the beam path 13 shown in FIG. 2, or the external radiation is correspondingly coupled in.
  • the minimum positioning time can be extended by the geometric arrangement of the optical resonator 1, namely by the fact that the optical resonator 1 is designed to be particularly long and has long beam paths 3, 13.
  • the necessary switching time is increased, that is, the demands on the speed of the adjusting movement of the optical element 2 are reduced.
  • the switching time of the optical resonator 1 can be shortened by reducing the adjusting stroke or travel that the position indicator has to cover.
  • This is possible, for example, in that one or more of the mirrors 4, 5, 6 arranged in the optical resonator 1 are movably arranged.
  • the adjusting stroke which moves the positioner 7 from the first position to the second position or provides, to the optical element 2 and the mirrors 4, 5, 6 are distributed, resulting in a shorter positioning time.
  • the movable arrangement of the mirrors 4, 5, 6 can be used to increase the total deflection of the beam.
  • 3 shows an embodiment of the optical resonator 1 with at least one concave mirror 14.
  • the use of the concave mirror 14 in the optical resonator 1 results, in particular, in the fact that the radiation circulating in the resonator is always focused by the radius of curvature r and the focal length r / 2 of the concave mirror and is defocused corresponding to the optical path 3 in Fig. 3, wherein the beam path shown in Fig. 3 of the first switching position (position) of the optical element 2 corresponds, in which the radiation for circulation in the (only partially shown) optical resonator 1 is reflected , Further mirrors and other components of the resonator 1 are not shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 for the sake of simplicity.
  • FIG. 4 shows the structure of the optical resonator 1 according to FIG. 3, wherein the optical element is moved, moved or set from the first position to the second position, as in FIGS. 1 and 2 via the position indicator 7.
  • the radiation circulating in the optical resonator 1 is deflected by the optical element 2 in the second position such that it is reflected by the concave mirror 14 on the wedge-shaped reflective element 15.
  • the reflective element 15 is located in particular in a focus of the concave mirror 14.
  • a small actuating stroke of the position indicator 7 is sufficient to drive from the first position to the second position in order to achieve the reflection at the reflective element 15.
  • the focusing in this embodiment can take place in only one spatial direction, for example by means of an elliptical focus, for example to keep the resulting in the optical resonator 1 power densities below possible damage thresholds of the components of the optical resonator 1.
  • a plurality of movably arranged optical elements can also be provided in this embodiment, which are in particular very close to the concave mirror in order to effectively use the movement of the optical element.
  • the arrangement shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 can be modified in such a way that the sequence of optical element 2 and concave mirror 14 in the beam path is reversed.
  • the functionality is identical.
  • the optical element 2 is in each case designed as a movably arranged optical mirror or a movably arranged angle-dispersive element (grid).
  • the optical element 2 reflects the radiation in each case, as a result of which coupling out or coupling in of the radiation is possible without appreciable power losses.
  • the optical element 2 may be formed in an alternative embodiment analogous to an acousto-optic modulator.
  • a voltage of certain frequency and amplitude surface waves are generated in the material of the acousto-optic modulator, the radiation in a reflection order (instead - as usual in acousto-optical modulators per se - in a transmission order) distract, under a controllable angle.
  • the low efficiency of acousto-optic modulators of a theoretical maximum of 34% in the first diffraction order is a significant limitation here.
  • the optical element 2 may be formed as an electro-optical reflection grating.
  • the optical element 2 is shown in a further embodiment as an at least partially movable optical prism in a first switching position.
  • the radiation circulating in the resonator 1 follows the beam path 3 in accordance with the reflection of the radiation in the optical element 2.
  • the radiation is conducted by total internal reflection.
  • the (suitably polarized) radiation can impinge on the optical prism at the Brewster angle ⁇ , wherein reflection at the boundary surface of the prism is omitted and the radiation is only transmitted.
  • This is advantageous since, for example, it is possible to dispense with an anti-reflection coating and, nevertheless, reflection losses are minimized.
  • a vertical incidence and an anti-reflection coating may be necessary to avoid angular dispersion.
  • the optical prism is formed in two parts in the illustrated embodiment, wherein a first wedge-shaped part 21 is designed to be movable so that in the first position, the first part 21 of the prism is spaced from a second part 22 of the prism.
  • a distance between the first part 21 and the second part 22 of the optical prism which is equal to a quarter of the wavelength of the circulating radiation, is sufficient.
  • the gap between the first part 21 and the second part 22 can thus be configured very narrow (eg less than 1 ⁇ m), so that only a small movement stroke is required for switching to the switching position shown in FIG. Thus, the switching can be done very quickly.
  • FIG. 6 shows the second switching position of the optical prism according to FIG. 5.
  • the first part 21 lies flat against the second part 22. Due to the wedge-shaped geometry of the first part, the total reflection of the radiation within the optical element 2 is suppressed.
  • the radiation follows the course 13, which can be used to decouple the radiation from the resonator 1 (not otherwise shown in FIGS. 5 and 6) according to the invention.
  • positioners 7, 8 are used in the illustrated embodiment. These move the first part 21 of the optical prism and press it in the switching position shown in Figure 6 to the second part 22nd
  • a particular advantage of the arrangement according to FIGS. 5 and 6 lies in the fact that the radiation always impinges equally on the optical element 2, regardless of whether it is in the first position or the second position. In this way, the stability of the beam path in the normal resonator mode, ie with circulating radiation in the optical resonator 1, will remain uninfluenced by the optical element 2. Thus, a very stable optical resonator 1 can be realized.
  • the second part 22 can also be movable via positioners.
  • both parts of the optical prism can be designed to be adjustable.
  • the use of the optical prism, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, is transmissive. There is therefore some absorption of the radiation in the prism.
  • the prism is formed from suitably chosen materials, for example quartz glass, yttrium aluminum garnet, diamond or a material composed thereof.
  • the geometry of the prism has a significant influence on potential thermal problems.
  • the prism may be elongated as a wedge in a spatial direction to obtain a disc-like shape. This minimizes the beam path within the prism and at least reduces possible absorption.
  • FIG. 7 shows the construction of a device comprising an optical element 2, a position indicator 7 and a holder 9 used in FIGS. 1 to 4.
  • the optical element 2 is at the edge connected to the position sensor 7 in order to use the movement of the position sensor 7 particularly effective.
  • the modulator 7 may be formed, for example, piezo-electric or electro-magnetic.
  • FIG. 8 shows a further embodiment of the device according to FIG. 7, wherein the optical element 2 is connected at the edge to a further position indicator 8.
  • the positioners 7, 8 can be driven in opposite directions to set the first switching position and the second switching position of the optical element 2.
  • the position sensor 7, the optical element 2 move away from the holder 9 and at the same time the positioner 8 zoom the optical element 2 closer to the holder 9. This distributes the control stroke to those in position encoders 7 and 8.
  • FIG. 9 shows a further embodiment of the device according to FIG. 7, the position indicator 7 being designed to be shearable.
  • the positioner 7 shears off and moves the optical element 2 from an eg parallel position to the holder 9 in a tilted position. It is only essential that the optical element 2 can assume a first position and a second position.
  • the optical element 2 can be integrally formed with the position encoder 7, for example, by applying a reflective layer on the position sensor. 7 LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un résonateur optique (1) pourvu d'au moins un élément optique (2), et réfléchissant ou transmettant un rayonnement laser, de préférence un rayonnement laser pulsé. L'invention vise à permettre concrètement l'extraction d'un rayonnement laser pulsé d'un résonateur (1) ou son injection dans ce dernier. A cet effet, l'élément optique (2) peut être commuté. Dans une première position de commutation, le rayonnement laser est réfléchi ou transmis de telle manière qu'il tourne dans le résonateur (1) et, dans une deuxième position de commutation, le rayonnement laser est extrait du résonateur (1) ou le rayonnement laser émis par une source de rayonnement externe est injecté dans le résonateur (1).
EP13788902.8A 2012-10-09 2013-10-09 Résonateur optique à surélévation Withdrawn EP2907203A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012019733 2012-10-09
PCT/EP2013/071068 WO2014056989A1 (fr) 2012-10-09 2013-10-09 Résonateur optique à surélévation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2907203A1 true EP2907203A1 (fr) 2015-08-19

Family

ID=49553653

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13788902.8A Withdrawn EP2907203A1 (fr) 2012-10-09 2013-10-09 Résonateur optique à surélévation

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2907203A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014056989A1 (fr)

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1590543A (fr) * 1968-11-04 1970-04-13
US5072135A (en) * 1989-07-18 1991-12-10 Thomson-Csf Power laser pulse generator
US5283801A (en) * 1992-05-26 1994-02-01 Trw Inc. External resonant ring cavity for generating high-peak-power laser pulses
US5790303A (en) * 1997-01-23 1998-08-04 Positive Light, Inc. System for amplifying an optical pulse using a diode-pumped, Q-switched, intracavity-doubled laser to pump an optical amplifier
US6427038B1 (en) * 2000-08-15 2002-07-30 At&T Corp Mirror control of micro-electro-mechanical optical cross connect switch
WO2006088822A2 (fr) * 2005-02-14 2006-08-24 Digital Signal Corporation Systeme lidar et systeme et procede pour la fourniture de rayonnement electromagnetique comprimee
DE102006005325A1 (de) * 2006-02-07 2007-08-16 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Prismenkombination und ihre Verwendung
US20100172612A1 (en) * 2006-11-30 2010-07-08 Moidu Abdul Jaleel K Mems device and a mems device array

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH1187091A (ja) * 1997-09-12 1999-03-30 Japan Steel Works Ltd:The 板状プラズマの生成法及び装置

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1590543A (fr) * 1968-11-04 1970-04-13
US5072135A (en) * 1989-07-18 1991-12-10 Thomson-Csf Power laser pulse generator
US5283801A (en) * 1992-05-26 1994-02-01 Trw Inc. External resonant ring cavity for generating high-peak-power laser pulses
US5790303A (en) * 1997-01-23 1998-08-04 Positive Light, Inc. System for amplifying an optical pulse using a diode-pumped, Q-switched, intracavity-doubled laser to pump an optical amplifier
US6427038B1 (en) * 2000-08-15 2002-07-30 At&T Corp Mirror control of micro-electro-mechanical optical cross connect switch
WO2006088822A2 (fr) * 2005-02-14 2006-08-24 Digital Signal Corporation Systeme lidar et systeme et procede pour la fourniture de rayonnement electromagnetique comprimee
DE102006005325A1 (de) * 2006-02-07 2007-08-16 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Prismenkombination und ihre Verwendung
US20100172612A1 (en) * 2006-11-30 2010-07-08 Moidu Abdul Jaleel K Mems device and a mems device array

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO2014056989A1 *

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