EP2904230A1 - Chambre de précombustion parcourue par de l'hydrogène - Google Patents

Chambre de précombustion parcourue par de l'hydrogène

Info

Publication number
EP2904230A1
EP2904230A1 EP12781048.9A EP12781048A EP2904230A1 EP 2904230 A1 EP2904230 A1 EP 2904230A1 EP 12781048 A EP12781048 A EP 12781048A EP 2904230 A1 EP2904230 A1 EP 2904230A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reformer
hydrogen
gas
engine
prechamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12781048.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michele SCHILIRÒ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Caterpillar Energy Solutions GmbH
Original Assignee
Caterpillar Energy Solutions GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Caterpillar Energy Solutions GmbH filed Critical Caterpillar Energy Solutions GmbH
Publication of EP2904230A1 publication Critical patent/EP2904230A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/10—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder
    • F02B19/1019—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber
    • F02B19/108—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber with fuel injection at least into pre-combustion chamber, i.e. injector mounted directly in the pre-combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/12—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with positive ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
    • F02M27/02—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
    • F02B43/10—Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an Otto gas engine and a procedure for running a spark-ignited Otto gas engine having an exhaust gas duct and a cylinder head, said cylinder head having at least one prechamber spark plug and a gas supply channel, said gas supply channel being connected to the prechamber for flushing the prechamber with hydrogen and having a thermal reformer for generating hydrogen the prechamber is provided with.
  • WO 96/02742 A discloses an ignition device for internal combustion engines, and more particularly hydrogen assisted jet ignition (HAJI) devices for improving combustion efficiency. It shows (Fig. 1) an arrangement, whereby the hydrogen gas is introduced into a prechamber having an outlet orifice by a small valve operated by a valve driver and the mixture ignited by a miniature spark plug. Further, it shows (Fig. 4) an experimental ignition device which has been subjected to testing using a high speed, single cylinder CFR engine burning methanol fuel.
  • the ignition device comprises a body having a cylindrical portion, within which a throat insert has an outlet orifice received to define a prechamber. The cylindrical portion threadably engages an adaptor, which in turn threadably engages the spark plug opening in the cylinder head of the engine.
  • a gasket seals a hydrogen gas injector in an injector opening formed in the body.
  • a spark plug receiving opening in the body re ⁇ ceives a spark plug, the electrodes of which project into the prechamber. It further shows (Fig. 3) a schematic of the prechamber, in which the hydrogen is generated by a reforming catalyst, the rate of reformation and thus the amount of hydrogen produced being controlled by the cata- lyst bed temperature, which here is illustrated by means of electrical heating means under control of an engine management computer.
  • DE 2 056 131 A discloses a procedure for running a petrol driven spark ignited Otto engine in which a prechamber of a spark plug is additionally provided with hydrogen to in ⁇ crease the rate of combustion. It further discloses a cata ⁇ lytic generating of hydrogen out of hydrocarbons using the temperature of the exhaust gas.
  • US 4, 140, 090 B discloses the use of hydrogen for the pre- combustion chamber to provide an absolutely clean combustion without unburned hydrocarbons.
  • the object of the invention is to configure and arrange a combustion procedure for a Otto gas engine in such a manner that an efficient supply of hydrogen together with a higher efficiency of the engine is achieved.
  • the aforesaid object is achieved in that said reformer is supplied with water, and converts water (H20) into hydrogen (H2) according to the following reactions::
  • Rl MO red + H20 «-» M0 OX + H2
  • R2 MO ox «-» MO red + 02
  • (regeneration) and in that the reformer is connected to at least a part of the exhaust gas duct for supplying the reformer with heat and in that there are additional heating means, said heating means being powered by a part of the gas the engine is powered with in order to achieve the following exothermic oxidation reaction:
  • R3' C n H m + ( n/2)02 ⁇ ->> ⁇ m/2 )H2 + n C0, (partial oxidation) whereby the heating means are thermodynamically coupled to the reformer for additionally temperature increase of the reformer .
  • the reformer is supplied with heat from at least a part of the exhaust gas stream and in that there are additionally heating means, said heating means being powered by a part of the gas the engine is powered with in order to achieve the following exothermic oxidation reac ⁇ tion :
  • R3 CH4 + 02 «-» 2H 2 0 + C02, or R3' : C n H ra + (n /2)02 «-» (m/2) H2 + n CO,
  • heating means are thermodynamically coupled to the reformer and are additional heating the reformer. Due to the fact that the reformer is being supplied with addi ⁇ tional heat by the heating means, particularly process R2 is supplied with extra heat to regenerate the catalyst and discharge H2.
  • Gas engines are provided with natural gas, which contains at least Methane, Ethane or Propane.
  • the exhaust gas of such gas engines is nearly free of carbon particles.
  • One reason for having carbon particles in the exhaust gas is the gas-air-mixture in the spark plug prechamber. If the prechamber of the spark plug is flushed, it is supplied with gas, e.g. natural gas or methane, which is the gas the engine is supplied with, too.
  • the prechamber is charged ad ⁇ ditionally with air due to the upward stroke of the piston.
  • the gas mixture in the prechamber is relatively rich (lamb ⁇ da ⁇ 1) for this carbon particulate matter is generated which makes the usage of the exhaust gas energy more difficult. Beside this, the environmental compatibility is doubtful .
  • the hydrogen produced is injected into the prechamber and thus mixed at least in part to the gas mixture in the combustion chamber.
  • the hydrogen increases the rate of combustion and thus the efficiency of the engine.
  • the efficiency asset results in part from the methane for the oxidation reaction R3, R3' there is energy recharged with hydrogen, produced by using exhaust gas energy.
  • the efficiency of the H2 production by a chemical reaction is not subject to restrictions like a thermo dynamic cyclic process. Therefore, the thermal exhaust energy used in this chemical process is reformed with a much better degree of efficiency, which leads to a better degree of efficiency overall .
  • the exhaust gas turbine of the turbo charger could be replaced and the air compressor could be driven by electricity or fluids.
  • Another increase in the rate of combustion is achieved with a mixing section in which hydrogen is mixed with air, said mixing section being connected to the injector.
  • the ratio ⁇ is in a range of 1,3 to 3,5.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a supply chain of an engine generator unit with a H2 reformer
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram similar to figure 1 with an electrically driven compressor
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of the cylinder head with combustion chamber.
  • the schematic diagram in Figure 1 shows the supply chain of a spark-ignited gas engine 1 with an air-gas mixture and the exhaust system of the spark-ignited gas engine 1.
  • an air-gas duct 12 is conducted via a compressor 8 and an air-gas mixture cooler 13 to the gas engine 1 or to a combustion chamber 1.1 of the gas engine 1.
  • a throttle valve 14 that is controlled based on the output of the gas engine 1 is provided in this air- gas duct 12 immediately upstream of the gas engine 1.
  • the gas engine 1 comprises an exhaust gas duct 6 in which an exhaust gas turbine 15 is provided downstream from the gas engine 1 that is used to drive the above-mentioned compressor 8.
  • the exhaust gas is conducted through a reformer 5 where it dissipates heat to the reformer 5 or the first reactor 5.1 or the second reactor 5.2, respectively.
  • the exhaust gas passes the reformer 5 in parallel via two separate exhaust gas streams that are coupled or controlled, respectively, via a valve 16 for exhaust gas, and associat ⁇ ed with the respective reactor 5.1, 5.2.
  • the valve 16 for exhaust gas is followed by a heat exchanger or superheater 17, respectively, and a downstream evaporator 18 for the water circuit 19 described below.
  • An exhaust gas heat ex ⁇ changer 20 is provided downstream before the exhaust gas is carried off to the exhaust system not shown here.
  • a water circuit or water duct 19 is provided for supplying the reformer 5 with water for producing hydrogen.
  • the water carried in it is preheated by a heat exchanger for water 19.1 coupled to the air-gas duct 12, wherein the heat is taken from the compressed exhaust gas-air mixture.
  • the water is heated in the evaporator 18 mentioned above, and the vapor is overheated accordingly in the down ⁇ stream superheater 17 before it is returned to one of the two reactors 5.1, 5.2 of the reformer 5 via a respective valve for water 21.
  • the hydrogen that is produced during reformation is fed to a prechamber 2.1 of the spark plug 2 via a hydrogen duct 22 and a condenser 22.1.
  • a mixing section 9 may be provided in which ambient air is admixed to the hydrogen to obtain a lean hydrogen-air mix ⁇ ture.
  • the oxygen generated during hydrogen generation is carried off into the environment via a waste gate 5.3.
  • the respective reactor 5.1, 5.2 additionally comprises heating means 7.1, 7.2 that are also supplied with the air- gas mixture fed to the gas engine 1.
  • the air-gas duct 12 comprises an air-gas valve 12.1 via which the required air-gas mixture is supplied via another air- gas valve 23 to the respective reactor 5.1, 5.2 or the re ⁇ spective heating means 7.1, 7.2.
  • the C02 exhaust gas that is produced when operating the respective heating means 7.1, 7.2 is carried off via a waste gate 5.3.
  • the gas engine 1 comprises a cooling cir ⁇ cuit 24 with an engine heat exchanger 24.1 for cooling the gas engine 1.
  • the cooling circuit 24 is also connected to an oil cooling exchanger 25.
  • the compressor 8 is driven by an electric motor 10.
  • the exhaust gas turbine 15 as shown in Figure 1 is eliminated.
  • the ex ⁇ haust gas, when it enters the reformer 5, has a temperature that is 100°C to 150°C higher. This higher temperature serves improved operation of the reformer 5 or the respective reactor 5.1, 5.2 such that the heating means 7.1, 7.2 can generate less heating output.
  • the gas engine 1 comprises a cylinder head 3 with a spark plug 2 arranged in a pre ⁇ chamber 2.1.
  • the prechamber spark plug 2 or the pre ⁇ chamber 2.1, respectively, is supplied with hydrogen via an injector 4.
  • an injector 4 By flushing the prechamber 2.1 with hydrogen, a highly ignitable gas mixture is produced there such that combustion in the combustion chamber 1.1 of the gas chamber is fast and almost free of carbon particles.
  • spark plug prechamber spark plug prechamber

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un moteur à gaz à allumage par étincelle (1) présentant une conduite de gaz d'échappement (6) et une culasse (3), ladite culasse (3) présentant au moins une bougie d'allumage (2) comprenant au moins une chambre de précombustion (2.1) et un injecteur (4), ledit injecteur (4) étant relié à la chambre de précombustion (2.1) pour injecter de l'hydrogène dans la chambre de précombustion (2.1), et présentant un reformeur thermique (5) destiné à produire de l'hydrogène, ledit reformeur (5) étant alimenté en eau et convertissant l'eau en hydrogène selon les réactions suivantes : R1 : MOred + H2O <<―>> MOOX + H2 ou R2: MOOX <<―>> MOred + 02, et le reformeur (5) étant relié à au moins une partie de la conduite de gaz d'échappement (6) de sorte que le reformeur (5) reçoit de la chaleur, et des moyens de chauffage (7.1), (7.2) supplémentaires étant présents, lesdits moyens de chauffage (7.1), (7.2) étant alimentés en énergie par une partie du gaz destiné au moteur (1), afin d'obtenir la réaction d'oxydation exotherme suivante : R3: CH4 + O2 <<―>> 2H2O + CO2, ou R3' : CnHm + (n/2)O2 <<―>> (m/2)H2 + nCO, les moyens de chauffage (7.1), (7.2) étant couplés d'un point de vue thermodynamique au reformeur (5) pour chauffer davantage le reformeur (5).
EP12781048.9A 2012-10-02 2012-10-02 Chambre de précombustion parcourue par de l'hydrogène Withdrawn EP2904230A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2012/069439 WO2014053167A1 (fr) 2012-10-02 2012-10-02 Chambre de précombustion parcourue par de l'hydrogène

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2904230A1 true EP2904230A1 (fr) 2015-08-12

Family

ID=47137671

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12781048.9A Withdrawn EP2904230A1 (fr) 2012-10-02 2012-10-02 Chambre de précombustion parcourue par de l'hydrogène

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2904230A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN104718359A (fr)
WO (1) WO2014053167A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9995202B2 (en) 2016-08-05 2018-06-12 Caterpillar Inc. Sparkplug assembly with prechamber volume
CZ308272B6 (cs) 2017-07-04 2020-04-08 ÄŚeskĂ© vysokĂ© uÄŤenĂ­ technickĂ© v Praze Zážehový plynový spalovací motor
CN108344862B (zh) * 2018-02-09 2019-08-16 任建军 一种新型应急生化检验装置
US11268434B1 (en) 2020-08-20 2022-03-08 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Method and system for extending dilution limit of a prechamber spark ignition engine
EP4325030A3 (fr) * 2020-11-30 2024-05-01 Innio Jenbacher GmbH & Co OG Moteur à combustion interne et procédé de fonctionnement d'un tel moteur à combustion interne
CN113047940B (zh) * 2021-04-02 2022-03-22 贵州华气动力有限责任公司 一种利用低浓度瓦斯的预燃室
CN112901337B (zh) * 2021-04-02 2022-03-22 贵州华气动力有限责任公司 一种大功率低浓度瓦斯发动机及其供气方法
US11898448B2 (en) * 2021-07-22 2024-02-13 Achates Power, Inc. Hydrogen-powered opposed-piston engine
US11674464B2 (en) * 2021-07-28 2023-06-13 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Methods and systems for engine cold-start
DE102021006374A1 (de) * 2021-12-28 2023-06-29 2G Energy AG Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine mit Gasgemischen hoher Flammengeschwindigkeit und niedriger Zündenergie sowie entsprechende Brennkraftmaschine
US11959414B2 (en) 2022-03-23 2024-04-16 Caterpillar Inc. Gaseous fuel reciprocating engine and operating methodology for reduced hydrogen flame speed
US11840979B1 (en) 2023-01-23 2023-12-12 Caterpillar Inc. Gaseous fuel engine system and operating method for same
US12065992B2 (en) 2023-01-23 2024-08-20 Caterpillar Inc. Intake runner for gaseous fuel engine, system, and method

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100221174A1 (en) * 2008-09-05 2010-09-02 Lawrence Clawson Systems and methods for hydrogen and electricity generation
US20110174277A1 (en) * 2010-01-20 2011-07-21 Bert Socolove Universal hydrogen plasma carburetor

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2056131A1 (en) 1970-11-14 1972-05-25 Oberth, Hermann, Prof. Dr.h.c, 8501 Feucht Operating petrol engines - with additional substance in the fuel supply
JPS51127923A (en) * 1975-04-30 1976-11-08 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Thermal engine
US4140090A (en) 1975-10-17 1979-02-20 Owen, Wickersham & Erickson Precombustion chamber, stratified charge internal combustion engine system using a highly combustible gas in the precombustion chamber
US6155212A (en) * 1989-06-12 2000-12-05 Mcalister; Roy E. Method and apparatus for operation of combustion engines
ATE201918T1 (de) 1994-07-13 2001-06-15 Univ Melbourne Zündvorrichtung für brennkkraftmaschinen
US6182614B1 (en) * 1996-10-28 2001-02-06 Cabot Corporation Carbon black tailgas fueled reciprocating engines
US5943859A (en) * 1997-09-18 1999-08-31 Isuzu Ceramics Research Institute Co., Ltd. Natural gas reforming apparatus, oxygen eliminating apparatus provided in the same apparatus, and natural gas reforming apparatus-carrying gas engine
JP4510173B2 (ja) * 1999-04-06 2010-07-21 日産自動車株式会社 燃料改質装置付き内燃機関
AU2011241438A1 (en) * 2010-04-13 2012-11-22 Sheer Technology Inc. Method and system for controlling combustion in a diesel engine

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100221174A1 (en) * 2008-09-05 2010-09-02 Lawrence Clawson Systems and methods for hydrogen and electricity generation
US20110174277A1 (en) * 2010-01-20 2011-07-21 Bert Socolove Universal hydrogen plasma carburetor

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO2014053167A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2014053167A1 (fr) 2014-04-10
CN104718359A (zh) 2015-06-17

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2014053167A1 (fr) Chambre de précombustion parcourue par de l&#39;hydrogène
US6655130B1 (en) System and controls for near zero cold start tailpipe emissions in internal combustion engines
US6230494B1 (en) Power generation system and method
US7178616B2 (en) Power generation system and method
US6405720B1 (en) Natural gas powered engine
US7210467B2 (en) Advanced high efficiency, ultra-low emission, thermochemically recuperated reciprocating internal combustion engine
US20140144397A1 (en) Engine Reformer Systems For Lower Cost, Smaller Scale Manufacturing Of Liquid Fuels
Morsy Modeling study on the production of hydrogen/syngas via partial oxidation using a homogeneous charge compression ignition engine fueled with natural gas
US7047909B1 (en) Methods of operating a compression ignition engine and a vehicle system
WO2008106722A1 (fr) Génération de puissance
WO2014111138A1 (fr) Chambre de combustion rincée à l&#39;hydrogène
KR101440191B1 (ko) 고효율 연료전지 하이브리드 시스템
EP2946086B1 (fr) Chambre de combustion lavée avec hydrogène
WO2023151122A1 (fr) Moteur à carburant à base d&#39;ammoniac du type mixte à basse pression et à décomposition thermique
EP2904256B1 (fr) Production d&#39;hydrogène à partir de l&#39;eau
Zhang et al. Investigation on a combined system with methanol on-board hydrogen production and internal combustion engine
JPS61171870A (ja) 改質天然ガスを用いた内燃機関
US20150275827A1 (en) Gas reformation with motor driven compressor
JP2007278244A (ja) 改質ガス利用内燃機関
JPH1113547A (ja) 天然ガス改質装置を備えたガスエンジン
Theinnoi et al. Advances in Partial Oxidation of Palm Oil Based Biodiesel Reforming to Hydrogen Production for Diesel Engine Applications
CN118423205A (zh) 一种基于高压氨反应制氢的氨氢融合发动机及其控制方法
Huang et al. The study of dual fuel system applied to EFI engines
Morsy Simulation Study on the Production of Hydrogen/Syngas via Partial Oxidation in a Natural Gas-Fueled Engine
TW200920929A (en) A method and device for providing thermal energy to reformer by using engine exhaust gas environment

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20150310

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: BA ME

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: SCHILIRO, MICHELE

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: SCHILIRO, MICHELE

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20180313

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 20180724