EP2899699A1 - Method for assessing the authenticity of an identification document - Google Patents
Method for assessing the authenticity of an identification document Download PDFInfo
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- EP2899699A1 EP2899699A1 EP15151016.1A EP15151016A EP2899699A1 EP 2899699 A1 EP2899699 A1 EP 2899699A1 EP 15151016 A EP15151016 A EP 15151016A EP 2899699 A1 EP2899699 A1 EP 2899699A1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001815 facial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009304 pastoral farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
- G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
- G07D7/12—Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
- G07D7/20—Testing patterns thereon
- G07D7/202—Testing patterns thereon using pattern matching
- G07D7/206—Matching template patterns
Definitions
- Modern identification documents such as identity cards or driver's licenses, often comprise a check card-shaped document body, which may for example consist of several laminate layers or of a single plastic layer.
- an identification document verification devices can be used which the surfaces of the identification documents, in particular the surfaces of the document body, with white light, near infrared light at a wavelength of for example 900 nm or with UV-A light (UV: ultraviolet) in a Wavelength of, for example, 365 nm for capturing image data from surfaces of the identification documents illuminate.
- a grazing light illumination may additionally be provided in which a surface of an identification document is illuminated laterally. In this way, total counterfeits of identification documents can be detected.
- the present invention is based on the finding that the above object can be achieved by a three-dimensional, ie spatial reconstruction of the document body and a comparison of the three-dimensional reconstruction with a reference image, which can be three-dimensional.
- the document body is replaced by one or more Illuminated sources.
- the light passing through the document body is detected, for example, by means of an image camera or an image detector and used for three-dimensional reconstruction, for example a gradient-based reconstruction, such as the 3D video method, or by means of laser beam triangulation.
- a gradient-based reconstruction such as the 3D video method
- the invention relates to a method for verifying the authenticity of an identification document comprising a document body by illuminating the document body with a transmitted light to obtain a transmitted image of the document body, generating a three-dimensional image of the document body from the transmitted image and comparing the three-dimensional image the document body with a reference image to verify the authenticity of the identification document.
- the three-dimensional image which is a reconstruction of the document body
- the reference image for example, spatial defects, such as cut marks, traces of glue or inserted passport photos, can be recognized.
- the document body may for example comprise a plurality of laminate layers or consist of a single base material layer and, for example, have the shape of a check card.
- the identification document may be, for example, an identity card, a passport, or a driving license that is machine-readable.
- the three-dimensional image is generated from the transmitted light image by means of a three-dimensional reconstruction method, in particular by means of laser triangulation or the 3D vision method.
- the three-dimensional reconstruction method may, in particular, be a gradient method which enables the three-dimensional reconstruction of the document body on the basis of the transillumination light. In this way simple light sources can be used to illuminate the document body, for example a laser or infrared light sources.
- the reference image is read out of a database via a communication network.
- a communication connection can be established via a communication network to a remote data server, which provides the database in which several of the reference images of, for example, different document bodies or of different identification documents are stored.
- the document checking device can send a request to the database in order to obtain a reference image of the identification document to be checked.
- it may be compared to the three-dimensional image of the document body to be inspected to verify the identification document for authenticity.
- the reference image and the three-dimensional image are digital.
- the reference image may be a three-dimensional reference image that is in the form of a digital image file. Accordingly, the three-dimensional reference image may be in the form of a digital image file.
- the three-dimensional image is generated on the basis of the transmitted light image.
- the transmitted light image can be recorded by means of an image detector, for example by means of a digital image camera.
- the reference image is compared with the three-dimensional image area by area to detect defects within the document body.
- the review can be focused on areas that are suspected of being manipulative. Such areas can be arranged below a picture of a person, for example.
- a two-dimensional plane within the document body is determined, in particular by means of a projection, wherein the two-dimensional plane is compared with a two-dimensional reference plane of the reference image in order to detect defects within the document body to capture.
- the reference image may provide one or more two-dimensional reference planes that may be compared to the two-dimensional plane, such as the two-dimensional projection plane.
- the two-dimensional plane may also be in the form of digital data.
- the transmitted light comes from a wavelength range in which the document body is at least partially transparent, in particular from an infrared wavelength range or from an ultraviolet wavelength range.
- the infrared wavelength range may be, for example, 900 nm, while the ultraviolet wavelength range may be 335 nm, for example.
- the transillumination light is generated by means of a laser, in particular an infrared laser or an ultraviolet laser.
- a laser in particular an infrared laser or an ultraviolet laser.
- three-dimensional reconstruction can be resorted to using laser triangulation in order to obtain the three-dimensional image.
- the laser can scan the document body, for example, in a line in order to enable the three-dimensional reconstruction on the basis of the transmitted light image.
- the transmitted light image is detected by means of a light detector or by means of two light detectors arranged offset from one another.
- the light sources may be formed, for example, to emit light in the aforementioned wavelength ranges.
- the light sources are offset from each other to allow in this way a three-dimensional reconstruction of the document body.
- a three-dimensional gradient method or the 3D-vision method can be used.
- the impurities present within the document body may be, for example, light-absorbing or light-scattering, whereby they can be made visible in the three-dimensional image, which is a three-dimensional reconstruction of the document card body.
- the invention relates to a document checking device for checking the authenticity of an identification document which has a document body with a transmitted light source for illuminating the document body a transmission light, a light detection device for detecting the transmitted light to obtain a transmission image of the document body, and a processor device configured to generate a three-dimensional image of the document body from the transmission image and to compare the three-dimensional image of the document body with a reference image to the To verify the authenticity of the identification document.
- the document checker is configured, for example, to execute the method for checking the authenticity of an identification document.
- the transmitted light source comprises a laser or an infrared light source or an ultraviolet light source.
- the light detection device comprises a light detector, in particular an image camera, or at least two light detectors arranged offset to one another, in particular image cameras.
- the light detector may be, for example, a light sensor or a digital image camera.
- the processor device is designed to generate the three-dimensional image from the transmitted light image by means of a laser triangulation or a 3D-vision method.
- the processor device is designed to use the three-dimensional image to determine a two-dimensional plane within the document body, in particular by means of a projection, and to compare the two-dimensional plane with a two-dimensional reference plane of the reference image in order to detect defects within the document body.
- the invention relates to a computer program with a program code for carrying out the method for checking the authenticity of an identification document when the program code is executed on a computer or on the document checking device.
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic image of a document checking device 100 for checking the authenticity of an identification document having a document body.
- the document verification device 100 comprises a transparent document support 101 on which the identification document can be placed.
- the document checking device comprises a transmitted light source 103, which is arranged below the transparent document support 101 and is designed to emit transmitted light in the direction of the transparent document support 101 in order to illuminate the document body of the identification document.
- a light detecting device 105 For detecting the transmitted light, i. of the light passing through the document body, a light detecting device 105 is provided which receives a transmitted image of the document body.
- the document verification device 100 further comprises a processor device 107, which is designed to generate a three-dimensional image of the document body from the transmitted light image and to compare the three-dimensional image of the document body with a reference image, for example with a three-dimensional reference image, in order to verify the authenticity of the identification document.
- a processor device 107 which is designed to generate a three-dimensional image of the document body from the transmitted light image and to compare the three-dimensional image of the document body with a reference image, for example with a three-dimensional reference image, in order to verify the authenticity of the identification document.
- the transmitted light source 103 may be, for example, a laser or an infrared light source having a wavelength of, for example, 900 nm or an ultraviolet light source having a wavelength of, for example, 365 nm.
- the light detection device 105 comprises a light detector, for example a digital image camera. So that the document body can nevertheless be completely illuminated, the document support 101 can be moved laterally in order to guide the identification document past the light detection device 105, as a result of which different regions of the document body can be illuminated and detected.
- the light detection device 105 may comprise two mutually offset light detectors, for example digital image cameras.
- the light detectors can receive light from different directions and thus capture the document body.
- the document support 101 may be stationary. However, the document support 101 can also be moved in this case.
- the light detection device 105 is configured to transmit the transmitted light image to the processor device 107 in the form of digital image data in accordance with an embodiment.
- the processor device 107 is designed to reconstruct the document body three-dimensionally on the basis of the transmitted image, i. to create a three-dimensional image of the document body.
- the processor device 107 may be configured to perform a gradient method, such as the 3D-vision method, or a (laser) triangulation.
- Fig. 2 shows a schematic image of a document checking device, in which the light detection device 105 comprises two mutually offset light detectors 201 and 203.
- the light detectors 201 and 203 may be, for example, digital image cameras.
- the three-dimensional image of the document body generated or calculated by the processor device 107 is compared with a reference image in order to detect any defects or disturbances within the document body.
- the disturbances or impurities can be formed, for example, by light-absorbing or light-scattering regions within the document body, which are attributable to one or more manipulation attempts.
- the reference image is stored in a database 205, which can be reached via a communication network.
- the document checking device 100 may include a Fig. 1 not shown communication interface to over the Communication network, for example via the Internet to access the remote database 205.
- an identification document 207 stored on an in Fig. 2 Not shown document support is arranged, back irradiated by means of the transmitted light source 103 (backlight).
- the transmitted light source 103 can generate an infrared light and emit it in the direction of the identification document 207 in order to illuminate its document body.
- the mutually offset light detectors 201 and 203 detect the light passing through the document body light from two different directions to obtain the transmitted image, which is evaluated by the processor means 107.
- the processor device 107 can, for example, use a three-dimensional gradient method such as the 3D-vision method in order to reconstruct the document body three-dimensionally and thus obtain the three-dimensional image of the document body.
- the three-dimensional image is compared with the reference image to verify the authenticity of the identification document 207.
- the result of the check can be transmitted, for example via a communication network, to an application which may require the result of the authenticity check.
- An exemplary application may be performed, for example, at a border control.
- Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a document checking device according to an embodiment.
- the transmitted light source 103 comprises a laser 301.
- the light detection device 105 comprises according to the in Fig. 3 illustrated embodiment, a single light detector 303, which may be, for example, a digital image camera.
- the document body of the identification document 207 can be transilluminated, for example, either partially or in total, the identification document 207, for example, in the in Fig. 3 indicated by an arrow at a speed v relative to the laser 301 and relative to the light detector 303 moves.
- the in Fig. 3 not shown document support be movable or movable.
- the laser 301 irradiates the identification document 207 with its document body by means of a laser light, which is projected for example in a line.
- the laser light may project other arrangements, such as points, crosses, waves, and the like. In this way, the three-dimensional information for generating the three-dimensional image of the document body with a single light detector 303 to produce.
- the processor device 107 may, for example, perform the laser triangulation. Further process steps may, as related to in Fig. 1 and 2 described embodiments described are performed.
- the document tester can be used in accordance with the Fig. 1 to 3 be formed embodiments shown in FIG Fig. 4 illustrated method for checking the authenticity of an identification document execute.
- the method comprises scanning 401 the document body with a transmitted light to obtain a transmitted image of the document body, generating 403 a three-dimensional image of the document body from the transmitted image and comparing 405 the three-dimensional image of the document body with a reference image to authenticate the identification document to verify.
- An advantage of the concept described above is that structural manipulations on an identification document, which vary, for example, the spatial positions within the document body, can be detected.
- non-expected disturbances in the environment of components of the document body, which are, for example, light-absorbing, can be detected.
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Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Überprüfen der Echtheit eines Identifikationsdokumentes, das einen Dokumentenkörper aufweist, mit Durchleuchten (401) des Dokumentenkörpers mit einem Durchleuchtlicht, um ein Durchleuchtbild des Dokumentenkörpers zu erhalten, Erzeugen (403) einer dreidimensionalen Abbildung des Dokumentenkörpers aus dem Durchleuchtbild, und Vergleichen (405) der dreidimensionalen Abbildung des Dokumentenkörpers mit einer Referenzabbildung, um die Echtheit des Identifikationsdokumentes zu überprüfen.The invention relates to a method for verifying the authenticity of an identification document having a document body, with transillumination (401) of the document body with a transillumination light to obtain a transillumination image of the document body, generating (403) a three-dimensional image of the document body from the transillumination image, and Comparing (405) the three-dimensional image of the document body with a reference image to verify the authenticity of the identification document.
Description
Moderne Identifikationsdokumente, wie beispielsweise Personalausweise oder Führerscheine, umfassen oft einen scheckkartenförmigen Dokumentenkörper, welcher beispielsweise aus mehreren Laminatschichten oder aus einer einzigen Kunststoffschicht bestehen kann.Modern identification documents, such as identity cards or driver's licenses, often comprise a check card-shaped document body, which may for example consist of several laminate layers or of a single plastic layer.
Zur Überprüfung der Echtheit eines derartigen Identifikationsdokumentes können Dokumentenprüfgeräte eingesetzt werden, welche die Oberflächen der Identifikationsdokumente, insbesondere die Oberflächen der Dokumentenkörper, mit Weißlicht, nahezu Infrarotlicht bei einer Wellenlänge von beispielsweise 900 nm oder mit UV-A-Licht (UV: Ultraviolett) bei einer Wellenlänge von beispielsweise 365 nm zur Erfassung von Bilddaten von Oberflächen der Identifikationsdokumente beleuchten. Zur Visualisierung von Oberflächenstrukturen kann zusätzlich eine Streiflichtbeleuchtung vorgesehen werden, bei welcher eine Oberfläche eines Identifikationsdokumentes seitlich beleuchtet wird. Auf diese Weise können Totalfälschungen von Identifikationsdokumenten erkannt werden.To verify the authenticity of such an identification document document verification devices can be used which the surfaces of the identification documents, in particular the surfaces of the document body, with white light, near infrared light at a wavelength of for example 900 nm or with UV-A light (UV: ultraviolet) in a Wavelength of, for example, 365 nm for capturing image data from surfaces of the identification documents illuminate. For the visualization of surface structures, a grazing light illumination may additionally be provided in which a surface of an identification document is illuminated laterally. In this way, total counterfeits of identification documents can be detected.
Verfälschungen von Identifikationsdokumenten, bei denen beispielsweise nur Teile einer Personalisierung oder eines Gesichtsbildes ausgetauscht wurden, verursachen zwar oft Spuren innerhalb des Dokumentenkörpers. Derartige Verfälschungen sind jedoch oft nicht an den Oberflächen sichtbar und sind daher in der Regel schwierig zu erfassen.Falsifications of identification documents in which, for example, only parts of a personalization or a facial image have been exchanged often cause traces within the document body. However, such adulterations are often not visible on the surfaces and are therefore usually difficult to detect.
Es ist daher die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein einfaches Konzept zur Überprüfung einer Echtheit eines Identifikationsdokumentes zu schaffen, mit dem Manipulationsspuren innerhalb eines Dokumentenkörpers eines Identifikationsdokumentes erkannt werden können.It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a simple concept for checking a authenticity of an identification document, with which manipulation traces within a document body of an identification document can be detected.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Ansprüche gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungsformen sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche, der Beschreibung sowie der beiliegenden Figuren.This object is solved by the features of the independent claims. Advantageous forms of further development are the subject of the dependent claims, the description and the attached figures.
Die vorliegende Erfindung basiert auf der Erkenntnis, dass die obige Aufgabe durch eine dreidimensionale, d.h. räumliche Rekonstruktion des Dokumentenkörpers und einen Vergleich der dreidimensionalen Rekonstruktion mit einem Referenzbild, das dreidimensional sein kann, gelöst werden kann. Zum Rekonstruieren des Dokumentenkörpers wird der Dokumentenkörper mittels einer oder mehrerer Leuchtquellen durchleuchtet. Das durch den Dokumentenkörper hindurchtretende Licht wird beispielsweise mittels einer Bildkamera oder eines Bilddetektors erfasst und zur dreidimensionalen Rekonstruktion, beispielsweise einer gradientenbasierten Rekonstruktion, wie beispielsweise dem 3D-Video-Verfahren, oder mittels der Laserbündel-Triangulation verwendet. Auf diese Weise können Veränderungen im Inneren eines Identifikationsdokumentes, d.h. im Inneren des Dokumentenkörpers, erfasst werden, welche auf einen Fälschungsversuch oder auf eine Fälschung des Identifikationsdokumentes zurückzuführen sind.The present invention is based on the finding that the above object can be achieved by a three-dimensional, ie spatial reconstruction of the document body and a comparison of the three-dimensional reconstruction with a reference image, which can be three-dimensional. To reconstruct the document body, the document body is replaced by one or more Illuminated sources. The light passing through the document body is detected, for example, by means of an image camera or an image detector and used for three-dimensional reconstruction, for example a gradient-based reconstruction, such as the 3D video method, or by means of laser beam triangulation. In this way it is possible to detect changes in the interior of an identification document, ie in the interior of the document body, which are attributable to a forgery attempt or to a forgery of the identification document.
Gemäß einem Aspekt betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Überprüfen der Echtheit eines Identifikationsdokumentes, das einen Dokumentenkörper aufweist, mit Durchleuchten des Dokumentenkörpers mit einem Durchleuchtlicht, um ein Durchleuchtbild des Dokumentenkörpers zu erhalten, Erzeugen einer dreidimensionalen Abbildung des Dokumentenkörpers aus dem Durchleuchtbild und Vergleichen der dreidimensionalen Abbildung des Dokumentenkörpers mit einer Referenzabbildung, um die Echtheit des Identifikationsdokumentes zu überprüfen.According to one aspect, the invention relates to a method for verifying the authenticity of an identification document comprising a document body by illuminating the document body with a transmitted light to obtain a transmitted image of the document body, generating a three-dimensional image of the document body from the transmitted image and comparing the three-dimensional image the document body with a reference image to verify the authenticity of the identification document.
Auf diese Weise wird erreicht, dass innerhalb des Dokumentenkörpers erkennbare Manipulationsversuche erfasst werden können. Bei dem Vergleich der dreidimensionalen Abbildung, welche eine Rekonstruktion des Dokumentenkörpers ist, mit der Referenzabbildung können beispielsweise räumliche Störstellen, wie beispielsweise Schnittspuren, Klebespuren oder eingefügte Passbilder, erkannt werden.In this way it is achieved that recognizable manipulation attempts can be detected within the document body. In the comparison of the three-dimensional image, which is a reconstruction of the document body, with the reference image, for example, spatial defects, such as cut marks, traces of glue or inserted passport photos, can be recognized.
Der Dokumentenkörper kann beispielsweise mehrere Laminatschichten umfassen bzw. aus einer einzigen Grundstoffschicht bestehen und beispielsweise die Gestalt einer Scheckkarte aufweisen.The document body may for example comprise a plurality of laminate layers or consist of a single base material layer and, for example, have the shape of a check card.
Das Identifikationsdokument kann beispielsweise ein Personalausweis, ein Reisepass, oder ein Führerschein sein, der maschinenlesbar ist.The identification document may be, for example, an identity card, a passport, or a driving license that is machine-readable.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform wird die dreidimensionale Abbildung aus dem Durchleuchtbild mittels eines dreidimensionalen Rekonstruktionsverfahrens, insbesondere mittels der Laser-Triangulation oder des 3D-Vision-Verfahrens, erzeugt. Das dreidimensionale Rekonstruktionsverfahren kann insbesondere ein Gradientenverfahren sein, das die dreidimensionale Rekonstruktion des Dokumentenkörpers auf der Basis des Durchleuchtlichts ermöglicht. Auf diese Weise können einfache Lichtquellen zum Durchleuchten des Dokumentenkörpers, beispielweise ein Laser oder Infrarotlichtquellen, verwendet werden.According to one embodiment, the three-dimensional image is generated from the transmitted light image by means of a three-dimensional reconstruction method, in particular by means of laser triangulation or the 3D vision method. The three-dimensional reconstruction method may, in particular, be a gradient method which enables the three-dimensional reconstruction of the document body on the basis of the transillumination light. In this way simple light sources can be used to illuminate the document body, for example a laser or infrared light sources.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform wird im Schritt des Vergleichens die Referenzabbildung über ein Kommunikationsnetzwerk aus einer Datenbank ausgelesen. Hierbei kann eine Kommunikationsverbindung über ein Kommunikationsnetzwerk zu einem entfernten Datenserver aufgebaut werden, welcher die Datenbank bereitstellt, in welcher mehrere der Referenzabbildungen von beispielsweise unterschiedlichen Dokumentenkörpern bzw. von unterschiedlichen Identifikationsdokumenten abgespeichert sind. Wird das Verfahren mittels eines stationären Dokumentenprüfgerätes durchgeführt, so kann das Dokumentenprüfgerät an die Datenbank eine Anfrage aussenden, um eine Referenzabbildung des zu prüfenden Identifikationsdokumentes zu erhalten. Ansprechend auf einen Empfang der angefragten Referenzabbildung über das Kommunikationsnetzwerk kann diese mit der dreidimensionalen Abbildung des zu prüfenden Dokumentenkörpers verglichen werden, um das Identifikationsdokument auf Echtheit zu prüfen.According to one embodiment, in the step of comparing, the reference image is read out of a database via a communication network. In this case, a communication connection can be established via a communication network to a remote data server, which provides the database in which several of the reference images of, for example, different document bodies or of different identification documents are stored. If the method is performed by means of a stationary document checking device, then the document checking device can send a request to the database in order to obtain a reference image of the identification document to be checked. In response to receiving the requested reference image via the communication network, it may be compared to the three-dimensional image of the document body to be inspected to verify the identification document for authenticity.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform sind die Referenzabbildung und die dreidimensionale Abbildung digital. Die Referenzabbildung kann eine dreidimensionale Referenzabbildung sein, welche in der Gestalt einer digitalen Bilddatei vorliegt. Entsprechend kann die dreidimensionale Referenzabbildung in der Gestalt einer digitalen Bilddatei vorliegen.According to one embodiment, the reference image and the three-dimensional image are digital. The reference image may be a three-dimensional reference image that is in the form of a digital image file. Accordingly, the three-dimensional reference image may be in the form of a digital image file.
Die dreidimensionale Abbildung wird auf der Basis des Durchleuchtbildes erzeugt. Hierbei kann das Durchleuchtbild mittels eines Bilddetektors, beispielsweise mittels einer digitalen Bildkamera, aufgenommen werden.The three-dimensional image is generated on the basis of the transmitted light image. In this case, the transmitted light image can be recorded by means of an image detector, for example by means of a digital image camera.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform wird die Referenzabbildung mit der dreidimensionalen Abbildung bereichsweise verglichen, um Störstellen innerhalb des Dokumentenkörpers zu erfassen. Auf diese Weise kann die Überprüfung auf Bereiche konzentriert werden, welche erfahrungsgemäß manipulationsverdächtig sind. Derartige Bereiche können beispielsweise unterhalb eines Personenbildes angeordnet sein.According to one embodiment, the reference image is compared with the three-dimensional image area by area to detect defects within the document body. In this way, the review can be focused on areas that are suspected of being manipulative. Such areas can be arranged below a picture of a person, for example.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform wird im Schritt des Vergleichens anhand der dreidimensionalen Abbildung eine zweidimensionale Ebene innerhalb des Dokumentenkörpers bestimmt, insbesondere mittels einer Projektion, wobei die zweidimensionale Ebene mit einer zweidimensionalen Referenzebene der Referenzabbildung verglichen wird, um Störstellen innerhalb des Dokumentenkörpers zu erfassen. In diesem Falle kann die Referenzabbildung eine oder mehrere zweidimensionale Referenzebenen bereitstellen, welche mit der zweidimensionalen Ebene, beispielsweise mit der zweidimensionalen Projektionsebene, verglichen werden können. Die zweidimensionale Ebene kann ebenfalls in der Gestalt von digitalen Daten vorliegen.According to one embodiment, in the step of comparing on the basis of the three-dimensional image, a two-dimensional plane within the document body is determined, in particular by means of a projection, wherein the two-dimensional plane is compared with a two-dimensional reference plane of the reference image in order to detect defects within the document body to capture. In this case, the reference image may provide one or more two-dimensional reference planes that may be compared to the two-dimensional plane, such as the two-dimensional projection plane. The two-dimensional plane may also be in the form of digital data.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform stammt das Durchleuchtlicht aus einem Wellenlängenbereich, bei dem der Dokumentenkörper zumindest teilweise lichttransparent ist, insbesondere aus einem Infrarot-Wellenlängenbereich oder aus einem Ultraviolett-Wellenlängenbereich. Der Infrarot-Wellenlängenbereich kann beispielsweise bei 900 nm liegen, während der Ultraviolett-Wellenlängenbereich bei beispielsweise 335 nm liegen kann.According to one embodiment, the transmitted light comes from a wavelength range in which the document body is at least partially transparent, in particular from an infrared wavelength range or from an ultraviolet wavelength range. The infrared wavelength range may be, for example, 900 nm, while the ultraviolet wavelength range may be 335 nm, for example.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform wird das Durchleuchtlicht mittels eines Lasers, insbesondere eines Infrarotlaser oder eines Ultraviolettlasers, erzeugt. Zur dreidimensionalen Rekonstruktion kann hierbei beispielsweise auf die Laser-Triangulation zurückgegriffen werden, um die dreidimensionale Abbildung zu erhalten. Hierbei kann der Laser den Dokumentenkörper beispielsweise zeilenförmig abtasten, um die dreidimensionale Rekonstruktion auf der Basis des Durchleuchtbildes zu ermöglichen.According to one embodiment, the transillumination light is generated by means of a laser, in particular an infrared laser or an ultraviolet laser. For example, three-dimensional reconstruction can be resorted to using laser triangulation in order to obtain the three-dimensional image. In this case, the laser can scan the document body, for example, in a line in order to enable the three-dimensional reconstruction on the basis of the transmitted light image.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform wird das Durchleuchtbild mittels eines Lichtdetektors oder mittels zwei versetzt zueinander angeordneter Lichtdetektoren erfasst. Die Lichtquellen können beispielsweise ausgebildet sein, Licht in den vorgenannten Wellenlängenbereichen auszustrahlen. Die Lichtquellen sind versetzt zueinander angeordnet, um auf diese Weise eine dreidimensionale Rekonstruktion des Dokumentenkörpers zu ermöglichen. Hierbei kann beispielsweise auf ein dreidimensionales Gradientenverfahren bzw. auf das 3D-Vision-Verfahren zurückgegriffen werden.According to one embodiment, the transmitted light image is detected by means of a light detector or by means of two light detectors arranged offset from one another. The light sources may be formed, for example, to emit light in the aforementioned wavelength ranges. The light sources are offset from each other to allow in this way a three-dimensional reconstruction of the document body. In this case, for example, a three-dimensional gradient method or the 3D-vision method can be used.
Die innerhalb des Dokumentenkörpers vorhandenen Störstellen können beispielsweise lichtabsorbierend oder lichtstreuend sein, wodurch sie in der dreidimensionalen Abbildung, welche eine dreidimensionale Rekonstruktion des Dokumentenkartenkörpers ist, sichtbar gemacht werden können.The impurities present within the document body may be, for example, light-absorbing or light-scattering, whereby they can be made visible in the three-dimensional image, which is a three-dimensional reconstruction of the document card body.
Gemäß einem weiteren Aspekt betrifft die Erfindung ein Dokumentenprüfgerät zur Überprüfung der Echtheit eines Identifikationsdokumentes, das einen Dokumentenkörper aufweist, mit einer Durchlichtquelle zum Durchleuchten des Dokumentenkörpers mit einem Durchleuchtlicht, einer Lichtdetektionseinrichtung zum Erfassen des Durchleuchtlichts, um ein Durchleuchtbild des Dokumentenkörpers zu erhalten, und einer Prozessoreinrichtung, welche ausgebildet ist, eine dreidimensionale Abbildung des Dokumentenkörpers aus dem Durchleuchtbild zu erzeugen und die dreidimensionale Abbildung des Dokumentenkörpers mit einer Referenzabbildung zu vergleichen, um die Echtheit des Identifikationsdokumentes zu überprüfen.According to a further aspect, the invention relates to a document checking device for checking the authenticity of an identification document which has a document body with a transmitted light source for illuminating the document body a transmission light, a light detection device for detecting the transmitted light to obtain a transmission image of the document body, and a processor device configured to generate a three-dimensional image of the document body from the transmission image and to compare the three-dimensional image of the document body with a reference image to the To verify the authenticity of the identification document.
Das Dokumentenprüfgerät ist beispielsweise eingerichtet, das Verfahren zum Überprüfen der Echtheit eines Identifikationsdokumentes auszuführen.The document checker is configured, for example, to execute the method for checking the authenticity of an identification document.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform umfasst die Durchlichtquelle einen Laser oder eine Infrarot-Lichtquelle oder eine Ultraviolett-Lichtquelle.According to one embodiment, the transmitted light source comprises a laser or an infrared light source or an ultraviolet light source.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform umfasst die Lichtdetektionseinrichtung einen Lichtdetektor, insbesondere eine Bildkamera, oder zumindest zwei versetzt zueinander angeordnete Lichtdetektoren, insbesondere Bildkameras. Der Lichtdetektor kann beispielsweise ein Lichtsensor oder eine digitale Bildkamera sein.According to one embodiment, the light detection device comprises a light detector, in particular an image camera, or at least two light detectors arranged offset to one another, in particular image cameras. The light detector may be, for example, a light sensor or a digital image camera.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform ist die Prozessoreinrichtung ausgebildet, die dreidimensionale Abbildung aus dem Durchleuchtbild mittels einer Laser-Triangulation oder eines 3D-Vision-Verfahrens zu erzeugen.According to one embodiment, the processor device is designed to generate the three-dimensional image from the transmitted light image by means of a laser triangulation or a 3D-vision method.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform ist die Prozessoreinrichtung ausgebildet, anhand der dreidimensionalen Abbildung eine zweidimensionale Ebene innerhalb des Dokumentenkörpers zu bestimmen, insbesondere mittels einer Projektion, und die zweidimensionale Ebene mit einer zweidimensionalen Referenzebene der Referenzabbildung zu vergleichen, um Störstellen innerhalb des Dokumentenkörpers zu erfassen.According to one embodiment, the processor device is designed to use the three-dimensional image to determine a two-dimensional plane within the document body, in particular by means of a projection, and to compare the two-dimensional plane with a two-dimensional reference plane of the reference image in order to detect defects within the document body.
Gemäß einem weiteren Aspekt betrifft die Erfindung ein Computerprogramm mit einem Programmcode zum Durchführen des Verfahrens zum Überprüfen der Echtheit eines Identifikationsdokumentes, wenn der Programmcode auf einem Computer oder auf dem Dokumentenprüfgerät ausgeführt wird.According to a further aspect, the invention relates to a computer program with a program code for carrying out the method for checking the authenticity of an identification document when the program code is executed on a computer or on the document checking device.
Weitere Ausführungsbeispiele werden Bezug nehmend auf die beiliegenden Zeichnungen erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- ein schematisches Bild eines Dokumentenprüfgerätes gemäß einer Ausführungsform;
- Fig. 2
- ein schematisches Bild eines Dokumentenprüfgerätes gemäß einer Ausführungsform;
- Fig. 3
- ein schematisches Bild eines Dokumentenprüfgerätes gemäß einer Ausführungsform; und
- Fig. 4
- ein Ablaufdiagramm eines Verfahrens zum Überprüfen der Echtheit eines Identifikationsdokumentes gemäß einer Ausführungsform.
- Fig. 1
- a schematic image of a document verification device according to an embodiment;
- Fig. 2
- a schematic image of a document verification device according to an embodiment;
- Fig. 3
- a schematic image of a document verification device according to an embodiment; and
- Fig. 4
- a flowchart of a method for verifying the authenticity of an identification document according to an embodiment.
Zur Erfassung des Durchleuchtlichts, d.h. des durch den Dokumentenkörper hindurchtretenden Lichts, ist eine Lichtdetektionseinrichtung 105 vorgesehen, welche ein Durchleuchtbild des Dokumentenkörpers aufnimmt.For detecting the transmitted light, i. of the light passing through the document body, a
Das Dokumentenprüfgerät 100 umfasst ferner eine Prozessoreinrichtung 107, welche ausgebildet ist, eine dreidimensionale Abbildung des Dokumentenkörpers aus dem Durchleuchtbild zu erzeugen und die dreidimensionale Abbildung des Dokumentenkörpers mit einer Referenzabbildung, beispielsweise mit einer dreidimensionalen Referenzabbildung, zu vergleichen, um die Echtheit des Identifikationsdokumentes zu überprüfen.The
Die Durchlichtquelle 103 kann beispielsweise ein Laser oder eine Infrarot-Lichtquelle mit einer Wellenlänge von beispielsweise 900 nm oder eine Ultraviolett-Lichtquelle mit einer Wellenlänge von beispielsweise 365 nm sein.The transmitted
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform umfasst die Lichtdetektionseinrichtung 105 einen Lichtdetektor, beispielsweise eine digitale Bildkamera. Damit der Dokumentenkörper dennoch vollständig durchleuchtet werden kann, kann die Dokumentenauflage 101 seitlich bewegbar sein, um das Identifikationsdokument an der Lichtdetektionseinrichtung 105 vorbeizuführen, wodurch unterschiedliche Bereiche des Dokumentenkörpers durchleuchtet und erfasst werden können.According to one embodiment, the
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform kann die Lichtdetektionseinrichtung 105 zwei versetzt zueinander angeordnete Lichtdetektoren, beispielsweise digitale Bildkameras, umfassen. In diesem Falle können die Lichtdetektoren Licht aus unterschiedlichen Richtungen aufnehmen und so den Dokumentenkörper erfassen. Hierbei kann die Dokumentenauflage 101 stationär sein. Die Dokumentenauflage 101 kann jedoch auch in diesem Falle verfahrbar sein.According to a further embodiment, the
Die Lichtdetektionseinrichtung 105 ist ausgebildet, das Durchleuchtbild gemäß einer Ausführungsform in Form von digitalen Bilddaten an die Prozessoreinrichtung 107 zu übergeben. Die Prozessoreinrichtung 107 ist ausgebildet, auf der Basis des Durchleuchtbildes den Dokumentenkörper dreidimensional zu rekonstruieren, d.h. eine dreidimensionale Abbildung des Dokumentenkörpers zu erzeugen. Hierbei kann die Prozessoreinrichtung 107 ausgebildet sein, ein Gradientenverfahren, wie beispielsweise das 3D-Vision-Verfahren, oder eine (Laser-)Triangulation durchzuführen.The
Die durch die Prozessoreinrichtung 107 erzeugte bzw. errechnete dreidimensionale Abbildung des Dokumentenkörpers wird mit einer Referenzabbildung verglichen, um etwaige Störstellen oder Störungen innerhalb des Dokumentenkörpers zu detektieren. Die Störungen bzw. Störstellen können beispielsweise durch lichtabsorbierende bzw. lichtstreuende Bereiche innerhalb des Dokumentenkörpers gebildet sein, welche auf einen oder mehrere Manipulationsversuche zurückzuführen sind. Gemäß einer Ausführungsform ist die Referenzabbildung in einer Datenbank 205 abgelegt, welche über ein Kommunikationsnetzwerk erreichbar ist. Hierzu kann das Dokumentenprüfgerät 100 eine in
In dem in
Damit der Dokumentenkörper des Identifikationsdokumentes 207 beispielsweise entweder bereichsweise oder insgesamt durchleuchtet werden kann, wird das Identifikationsdokument 207 beispielsweise in die in
Zur Erzeugung der dreidimensionalen Abbildung kann die Prozessoreinrichtung 107 beispielsweise die Lasertriangulation durchführen. Weitere Prozessschritte können, wie im Zusammenhang mit den in
Das Dokumentenprüfgerät kann gemäß den in den
Weitere Verfahrensschritte können, wie vorstehend im Zusammenhang mit den in den
Ein Vorteil des vorstehend beschriebenen Konzeptes besteht darin, dass strukturelle Manipulationen an einem Identifikationsdokument, welche beispielsweise die räumlichen Positionen innerhalb des Dokumentenkörpers variieren, erkannt werden können. Darüber hinaus können nicht zu erwartende Störungen im Umfeld von Komponenten des Dokumentenkörpers, welche beispielsweise lichtabsorbierend sind, erkannt werden.An advantage of the concept described above is that structural manipulations on an identification document, which vary, for example, the spatial positions within the document body, can be detected. In addition, non-expected disturbances in the environment of components of the document body, which are, for example, light-absorbing, can be detected.
- 100100
- Dokumentenprüfgerätdocument examination
- 101101
- Dokumentenauflagedocument table
- 103103
- DurchlichtquelleBy light source
- 105105
- LichtdetektionseinrichtungLight detection device
- 107107
- Prozessoreinrichtungprocessor means
- 201201
- Lichtdetektorlight detector
- 203203
- Lichtdetektorlight detector
- 205205
- DatenbankDatabase
- 207207
- Identifikationsdokumentidentification document
- 301301
- Laserlaser
- 303303
- Lichtdetektorlight detector
- 401401
- Durchleuchten eines DokumentenkörpersExamining a document body
- 403403
- Erzeugen einer dreidimensionalen AbbildungCreate a three-dimensional image
- 405405
- Vergleichen der dreidimensionalen Abbildung des DokumentenkörpersCompare the three-dimensional image of the document body
Claims (15)
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DE102014100532.5A DE102014100532A1 (en) | 2014-01-17 | 2014-01-17 | Method for verifying the authenticity of an identification document |
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WO2006060090A1 (en) * | 2004-12-02 | 2006-06-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | A system for reading and authenticating a composite image in a sheeting |
US20090080760A1 (en) * | 2007-09-21 | 2009-03-26 | Microsecurity Lab Inc. | Anti-counterfeiting mark and methods |
WO2010075881A1 (en) * | 2008-12-29 | 2010-07-08 | Novelty Group Limited | Authentication object for an item and/or a person, item having a corresponding authentication object, method for producing an authentication object, method for authenticating an object and/or a person |
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US6728593B2 (en) * | 2002-06-06 | 2004-04-27 | The Hong Kong Polytechnic University | System for analysis of fabric surface |
EP1642226A1 (en) * | 2003-07-04 | 2006-04-05 | PARK, Kwang-Don | Random-type identifying material, 3-d identifying system and method using the same |
US8433124B2 (en) * | 2010-01-07 | 2013-04-30 | De La Rue North America Inc. | Systems and methods for detecting an optically variable material |
US8705805B2 (en) * | 2011-01-10 | 2014-04-22 | Peter Alexander Forrest | Secure portable token and systems and methods for identification and authentication of the same |
DE102011018823A1 (en) * | 2011-04-27 | 2012-10-31 | Witrins S.R.O. | Method and apparatus for inspecting printed PCBs |
DE102013104679A1 (en) * | 2013-05-07 | 2014-11-13 | Witrins S.R.O. | Method and device for optical analysis of a PCB |
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WO2006060090A1 (en) * | 2004-12-02 | 2006-06-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | A system for reading and authenticating a composite image in a sheeting |
US20090080760A1 (en) * | 2007-09-21 | 2009-03-26 | Microsecurity Lab Inc. | Anti-counterfeiting mark and methods |
WO2010075881A1 (en) * | 2008-12-29 | 2010-07-08 | Novelty Group Limited | Authentication object for an item and/or a person, item having a corresponding authentication object, method for producing an authentication object, method for authenticating an object and/or a person |
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