EP2896727A1 - Anorganische fasern und diese verwendender formkörper - Google Patents

Anorganische fasern und diese verwendender formkörper Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2896727A1
EP2896727A1 EP13836398.1A EP13836398A EP2896727A1 EP 2896727 A1 EP2896727 A1 EP 2896727A1 EP 13836398 A EP13836398 A EP 13836398A EP 2896727 A1 EP2896727 A1 EP 2896727A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
inorganic fibers
surface pressure
mass
mol
fibers
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EP13836398.1A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2896727A4 (de
EP2896727B1 (de
Inventor
Nobuya Tomosue
Kazutoshi Isomura
Kazutaka Murayama
Kiyoshi Sato
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Nichias Corp
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Nichias Corp
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4209—Inorganic fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/44—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C13/00—Fibre or filament compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C13/00—Fibre or filament compositions
    • C03C13/06—Mineral fibres, e.g. slag wool, mineral wool, rock wool
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
    • C03C3/062—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/16—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay
    • C04B35/22—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay rich in calcium oxide, e.g. wollastonite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/62227—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products obtaining fibres
    • C04B35/62231—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products obtaining fibres based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/62236—Fibres based on aluminium oxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/62227—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products obtaining fibres
    • C04B35/62231—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products obtaining fibres based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/6224—Fibres based on silica
    • C04B35/62245—Fibres based on silica rich in aluminium oxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/632—Organic additives
    • C04B35/634—Polymers
    • C04B35/63404—Polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B35/63416—Polyvinylalcohols [PVA]; Polyvinylacetates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/02—Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials
    • F16L59/028—Composition or method of fixing a thermally insulating material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2839—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
    • F01N3/2853—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration using mats or gaskets between catalyst body and housing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to inorganic fibers, and a formed product such as a heat-insulating material, a cushion material, a holding material or the like obtained by using the same.
  • inorganic fibers are used as materials constituting a heat-insulating material, a refractory material or the like in various fields such as the field of automobiles, the field of construction, and industrial furnaces. Inorganic fibers are also used as a cushion material or a holding material in which such a heat-insulating material is interposed between constituting members.
  • a catalytic converter for exhaust gas purification that is mounted on vehicles or the like is generally formed of a catalyst carrier, a holding material and a casing, and the catalyst carrier is installed inside the casing with the holding material being disposed therebetween.
  • the holding material one obtained by forming inorganic fibers such as alumina fibers, mullite fibers, or other ceramic fibers into a mat-like shape having a prescribed thickness by using an organic binder or one obtained by subjecting collected inorganic fibers to a needle processing to form the fibers into a mat-like shape constitutes the mainstream (Patent Document 1, for example).
  • a catalyst carrier is heated at a temperature of higher than 900°C. Therefore, a holding material is required to hold a catalyst carrier even when used at such a high temperature.
  • alumina fibers or the like used in a holding material is thought to pose no adverse effects on health as long as they are treated adequately.
  • a possibility that a disorder is caused on lungs when inhaled by a human body cannot be denied, and a further degree of safety has been required.
  • Patent Document 1 JP-A-2009-41499
  • An object of the invention is to provide inorganic fibers capable of forming a formed body having excellent compression and recovery property when used on heating, holding properties, heat resistance and bio-solubility, as well as to provide a formed body.
  • the following inorganic fibers or the like are provided.
  • the inorganic fibers according to 1 or 2 having the following composition: Al 2 O 3 44.2 to 50.2 mol% SiO 2 13.8 to 19.8 mol% CaO 33.0 to 39.0 mol% 4.
  • a formed body comprising the inorganic fibers according to any one of 1 to 4. 6.
  • the formed body according to 8 that has both the release surface pressure (i) and the release surface pressure (ii).
  • inorganic fibers capable of forming a formed body having excellent compression and recovery property when used on heating, holding properties, heat resistance and bio-solubility, and is possible to provide a formed body.
  • the inorganic fibers of the invention have the following composition: Al 2 O 3 43.2 to 53.0 mol% SiO 2 12.8 to 25.2 mol% CaO 26.0 to 40.0 mol%
  • the total of the above components is 98 to 100 mol%.
  • the following composition is more preferable. Al 2 O 3 43.2 to 51.2 mol% SiO 2 12.8 to 20.8 mol% CaO 32.0 to 40.0 mol%
  • the total of the above components is 98 to 100 mol%.
  • composition is further preferable.
  • the total of the above components is 98 to 100 mol%.
  • the inorganic fibers of the invention preferably have the following composition in respect of bio-solubility, heat resistance and release/compression surface pressure.
  • the total of the above components is 98 to 100 mass%.
  • the total of the above components is 98 to 100 mass%.
  • the above-mentioned inorganic fibers preferably contain silica in an amount exceeding 10 mass%.
  • the amount of silica may be larger than 15 mass%.
  • the above-mentioned inorganic fibers preferably contain CaO in an amount larger than 25 mol%.
  • the above-mentioned inorganic fibers may contain Al 2 O 3 in an amount of less than 50 mass%.
  • the total of Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 and CaO may be 99 to 100 mol% or 100 mol% (including impurities inevitably mixed in).
  • the inorganic fibers of the invention may or may not necessarily contain an oxide of a metal selected from Sc, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu and Y or a mixture thereof.
  • the amount of each of these oxides may be 0 mass% or more and 3 mass% or less, 0 mass% or more and 2 mass% or less, 0 mass% or more and 1.0 mass% or less, 0 mass% or more and 0.5 mass% or less, 0 mass% or more and 0.2 mass% or less, or 0 mass% or more and 0.1 mass% or less.
  • Each of alkali metal oxides may be or may not be necessarily contained.
  • the amount of each or the total of the alkali metal oxides may be 0 mass% or more and 3 mass% or less, 0 mass% or more and 2 mass% or less, 0 mass% or more and 1.0 mass% or less, 0 mass% or more and 0.5 mass% or less, 0 mass% or more and 0.2 mass% or less or 0 mass% or more and 0.1 mass% or less.
  • Each of TiO 2 , ZnO, B 2 O 3 , P 2 O 5 , MgO, SrO, BaO, Cr 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 and Fe 2 O 3 may be or may not necessarily be contained, and the amount thereof may be 0 mass% or more and 3 mass% or less, 0 mass% or more and 2 mass% or less, 0 mass% or more and 1.0 mass% or less, 0 mass% or more and 0.5 mass% or less, 0 mass% or more and 0.2 mass% or less or 0 mass% or more and 0.1 mass% or less.
  • the inorganic fibers have a Yoshiokaite crystal structure.
  • the Yoshiokaite structure is Ca 5.3 Al 10.6 Si 5.35 O 32 , and, due to the presence of this structure, the fiber strength tends to be increased.
  • the inorganic fibers of the invention have a release surface pressure (this surface pressure corresponds to a surface pressure in the state where the fibers have a low packing density and less compressed than before after being compressed once at a high packing density.
  • the catalyst carrier is supported at this surface pressure) after a one-cycle test at a packing density of 0.3 g/cm 3 and a release ratio of 12.5% of 2.0 N/cm 2 or more, and more preferably 2.2 N/cm 2 or more. Due to a release surface pressure of 2.0 N/cm 2 or more, the catalyst carrier can be held more surely.
  • the inorganic fibers have a compression surface pressure (this surface pressure corresponds to a surface pressure at the time of cooling) at a packing density of 0.3 g/cm 3 of 13.0 N/cm 2 or more.
  • a higher compression surface pressure is preferable, since the release surface pressure tends to increase if the compression surface pressure is high.
  • the release surface pressure and the compression surface pressure are measured by a method described in the Examples.
  • a holding material is formed of the inorganic fibers and the holding material is used in a catalytic converter
  • the catalytic converter is heated at a temperature exceeding 900°C when used, and cooled when not used. Therefore, heating and cooling are repeated in the catalytic converter.
  • a casing is normally formed of a metal, and hence, expansion and shrinkage are repeated with a great degree.
  • the compression density of the holding material is lowered due to thermal expansion of the case.
  • the packing density is increased due to shrinkage of the case.
  • the dimension of a gap in which the holding material is inserted that is widened by thermal expansion relative to the dimension of a gap in which the holding material is inserted in the cold state is called “release amount”, and the ratio is called “release ratio”.
  • release amount The dimension of a gap in which the holding material is inserted that is widened by thermal expansion relative to the dimension of a gap in which the holding material is inserted in the cold state.
  • release ratio the ratio
  • a gasoline vehicle is used at a release ratio of about 12.5%.
  • a gasoline vehicle is assumed to be used at a release ratio smaller than 12.5%, e.g. 8%.
  • the inorganic fibers have a surface pressure residual ratio of preferably 13% or more, more preferably 14% or more.
  • the surface pressure residual ratio can be measured by a method described in the Examples.
  • the surface pressure residual ratio serves as an index for brittleness of fibers. If fibers have a small surface pressure residual ratio, the fibers are brittle, and the surface pressure thereof may be lowered during use.
  • the inorganic fibers have a heat resistance at an applied load of 4 N/cm 2 or 10 N/cm 2 of preferably 850°C or more, more preferably 880°C or more. If the fibers have a heat resistance of 850°C or more, there is a possibility that they can be applied to a gasoline vehicle.
  • Heat resistance can be measured by the method described in the Examples.
  • the inorganic fibers have a dissolution rate constant of preferably 50 ng/cm 2 ⁇ h or more, more preferably 80 ng/cm 2 ⁇ h or more, and further preferably 100 ng/cm 2 ⁇ h or more for physiological saline having a pH of 4.5 and a pH of 7.4 as an index of bio-solubility.
  • a larger dissolution rate constant is preferable.
  • the dissolution rate constant can be measured by the method described in the Examples.
  • the inorganic fibers are used as a cushion material, it is preferred that the inorganic fibers have a compression and recovery property.
  • the inorganic fibers can be produced by a fusion method, a sol-gel method and other known methods. Since the viscosity of a molten material of an inorganic fiber raw material that contains a large amount of Al 2 O 3 tends to vary with a change in temperature, and hence it is significantly difficult to form it into fibers. Therefore, a sol-gel method is preferable. Hereinbelow, a production method by a sol-gel method will be explained.
  • the inorganic fibers are produced by a method in which a spinning raw material liquid containing an aluminum source, a calcium source, a silicon source and a spinning aid is prepared, the spinning raw material liquid is spun by a sol-gel method to obtain crude inorganic fibers, and the obtained crude inorganic fibers are fired.
  • a water-soluble aluminum compound is preferable. No specific restrictions are imposed on the water-soluble aluminum compound, and basic aluminum chloride, aluminum nitrate, basic aluminum carboxylate or the like can be given. Among these water-soluble aluminum compounds, basic aluminum chloride that is industrially versatile and is easily available is preferable.
  • a water-soluble calcium compound is preferable. No specific restrictions are imposed on the water-soluble calcium compound, and a carbonate, a nitrate, a sulfate, an acetate, a hydroxide, a chloride, a fluoride, a borate and a phosphate of calcium or the like can be given.
  • these water-soluble calcium compounds calcium nitrate and calcium chloride are preferable in respect of stability of a spinning raw material aqueous solution.
  • a water-soluble or water-dispersible silicon compound can be given.
  • the water-soluble or water-dispersible silicon compound No specific restrictions are imposed on the water-soluble or water-dispersible silicon compound.
  • a water-soluble silicate a water-soluble silicon alkoxide (tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetrapropoxysilane or the like), siloxane or the like can be given.
  • silica sol collloidal silica
  • silica sol is preferable in respect of viscosity stability of a spinning raw material aqueous solution.
  • colloidal silica cationic colloidal silica or anionic colloidal silica can be given.
  • the spinning aid is preferably a water-soluble organic polymer.
  • the water-soluble organic polymer one or more selected from polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl ether, polyvinyl ester, polyacrylic ester, starch and a copolymer of these can be given, for example.
  • polyethylene oxide or partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol is preferable.
  • the above-mentioned spinning aid be contained in an amount of 2 to 20 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the total content of the above-mentioned aluminum source, the above-mentioned calcium source and the above-mentioned silicon source.
  • a liquid medium is not particularly restricted as long as it can disperse or dissolve the aluminum source, the calcium source, the silicon source and the spinning aid, an aqueous medium is preferable.
  • an aqueous medium as the liquid medium, as the spinning raw material liquid, a spinning raw material aqueous solution suitable for spinning by a sol-gel method can be prepared.
  • the aqueous medium water is preferable.
  • the aqueous medium may be one obtained by adding to water as a main component other mediums that are soluble in water, such as an alcohol, a ketone, an amine, an amide, a carboxylic acid or the like.
  • the aqueous medium may be one obtained by adding an organic salt such as ammonium chloride or the like to these media.
  • sol-gel reaction a chemical reaction such as condensation polymerization (sol-gel reaction) is caused to form a sol-like spinning raw material liquid; or by using a sol-like raw material (silica sol or the like) as the above-mentioned aluminum source, as the above-mentioned calcium source or the above-mentioned silicon source to form a sol-like spinning raw material liquid, and this raw material liquid is spun and dried to form gel-like inorganic precursor fibers (crude inorganic fibers).
  • a chemical reaction such as condensation polymerization
  • a dry continuous spinning method in which a spinning raw material liquid having a desired composition is discharged from a nozzle, and dried while winding and elongating by means of a winder; a rotational centrifugal hollow disc method in which a spinning raw material liquid having a desired composition is supplied to a disc having holes, and by rotating the disc, the raw material liquid is discharged from the holes of the disc by centrifugal force and the elongated raw material spinning liquid is dried; and an air blow method in which a spinning raw material liquid having a desired composition is dried while stretching by an air flow, whereby discontinuous fibers are obtained.
  • short fibers are desirable in order to attain cushion properties.
  • the viscosity of the spinning raw material liquid is preferably about 0.1 to 300 Pa ⁇ s, more preferably 0.5 to 250 Pa ⁇ s. A viscosity of 1 to 200 Pa ⁇ s is further preferable.
  • liquid fibers obtained by the above-mentioned spinning treatment be subjected to a drying treatment. Drying of liquid fibers is preferably conducted by supplying hot air of 50 to 450°C, preferably 60 to 450°C, to floating liquid fibers.
  • the firing temperature is preferably 800°C or higher and lower than the liquid phase formation temperature, more preferably 900°C or higher and lower than the liquid phase formation temperature, and further preferably 1000°C or higher and lower than the liquid phase formation temperature.
  • the firing time is not particularly restricted as long as desired inorganic fibers are obtained, and may be appropriately set.
  • Firing can be conducted by using a known electric furnace such as a batch type furnace (e.g. a box type electric furnace) or a continuous furnace (e.g. a roller house furnace, a walking beam furnace).
  • the atmosphere at the time of firing is preferably air or an oxidizing atmosphere in order to decompose organic substances used as a spinning aid or the like. If the performance of decomposing residual organic substances is not required to be taken into account, firing may be conducted in an atmosphere of an inert gas such as nitrogen.
  • the amount ratio (mass%) of each of components constituting the resulting inorganic fibers means a value obtained by pulverizing inorganic fibers that are fired at 1000°C or higher and measured by means of a fluorescent X-ray analysis apparatus (RIX2000 manufactured by Rigaku Corporation).
  • the resulting inorganic fibers may contain a balance component that appears as single oxygen (O).
  • a compensation calculation is conducted such that the total of the metal oxides excluding the balance component becomes 100 mol% (100 mass%).
  • the resulting inorganic fibers have an average fiber diameter of 1 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, and further preferably 2 ⁇ m to 7 ⁇ m.
  • the average fiber diameter of the inorganic fibers used in the context of the present invention means an average value obtained by selecting arbitrary 100 to 400 fibers from a photograph (magnification: 500 to 2000) taken by a scanning electron microscope (JSM-5800LV manufactured by JEOL Ltd.), measuring the widths of these fibers, and calculating an average of these widths.
  • the formed body of the invention contains the above-mentioned inorganic fibers.
  • the formed body may be in the shape of a sheet or a mat to be used as a cushion material or a holding material (hereinbelow, the cushion material or the holding material is often simply referred to as the "holding material").
  • the cushion material or the holding material may contain an organic binder, an inorganic binder or the like in addition to the inorganic fibers.
  • organic binder a known binder can be used.
  • a rubber, a water-soluble organic polymer compound, a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin or the like can be used.
  • a copolymer of n-butyl acrylate and acrylonitrile, a copolymer of ethyl acrylate and acrylonitrile, a copolymer of butadiene and acrylonitrile, butadiene rubber or the like can be mentioned.
  • a copolymer of n-butyl acrylate and acrylonitrile a copolymer of ethyl acrylate and acrylonitrile
  • a copolymer of butadiene and acrylonitrile, butadiene rubber or the like can be mentioned.
  • the water-soluble organic polymer compound carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol or the like can be mentioned.
  • thermoplastic resin a homopolymer or a copolymer of acrylic acid, an acrylic ester, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, methacrylic acid, methacrylic acid ester and the like, an acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer, an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer or the like can be mentioned.
  • thermosetting resin a bisphenol epoxy resin, a novolak type epoxy resin or the like can be mentioned.
  • the amount of the organic binder is normally 0.1 to 10 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the inorganic fibers.
  • inorganic binder known inorganic binders can be used. Examples thereof include glass frit, colloidal silica, alumina sol, sodium silicate, titania sol, lithium silicate, water glass or the like can be given. These inorganic binders may be used in combination of two or more. No specific restrictions are imposed on the amount of the inorganic binder as long as it is an amount enough to bind the inorganic fibers. Normally, the amount of the inorganic fibers is 0.1 to 10 parts by mass (preferably 0.2 to 8 parts by mass) relative to 100 parts by mass of the inorganic fibers.
  • the formed body such as a holding material of the invention contains inorganic fibers preferably in an amount of 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more, and further preferably 98% or more.
  • the formed body of the invention have a release surface pressure (i) of 1.2 N/cm 2 or more after 1000 cycles of test at a packing density of 0.3 g/cm 3 and a releasing ratio of 12.5%, or a release surface pressure (ii) of 2.0 N/cm 2 or more after 1000 cycles of test at a packing density of 0.3g/cm 3 and a releasing ratio of 8% (ii). More preferably, the formed body of the invention have both of the surface pressure (i) and the surface pressure (ii).
  • the release surface pressure (i) and the release surface pressure (ii) can be measured by the method described in the Examples.
  • the upper limit of the release surface pressure (i) is not particularly restricted, but normally 8.0 N/cm 2 or less.
  • the upper limit of the surface pressure (ii) is not particularly restricted, but normally 12.0 N/cm 2 or less.
  • the holding material of the invention can be produced by a known method. For example, by a method in which inorganic fibers and optional other components are mixed, and the mixture is subjected to wet forming, or by a method in which inorganic fibers are collected and the collected fibers are processed, or the like, a sheet-like or mat-like holding material can be produced.
  • a method in which, after subjecting inorganic fibers and a small amount of an organic binder to wet forming, a dry compressed mat is produced in the compressed state, a method in which a mat is produced from a blanket obtained by subjecting the collected inorganic fibers to a needle processing, or the like, can be mentioned.
  • the holding material of the invention may contain an expansive additive such as vermiculite.
  • the holding material may be produced by a method in which an aqueous slurry obtained by compounding inorganic fibers, a binder and vermiculite as an expansive additive at an arbitrary ratio is subjected to wet forming, followed by drying.
  • the holding material can be used in the state where it is disposed in a gap between the catalyst carrier and the casing that accommodates the catalyst carrier.
  • it can be used to hold the catalyst carrier in a catalytic converter for exhaust gas purification that is mounted in vehicles, buildings, industrial furnaces or the like.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of one example of a catalytic converter for exhaust gas purification.
  • a catalytic converter 10 is composed of a casing 11, a catalyst carrier 12 and a holding material 13.
  • the catalyst carrier 12 is installed in the inside of the casing 11 with the holding material 13 being disposed between the casing and the carrier.
  • an introduction pipe 16 for introducing an exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine or the like is connected, and on the other end, a discharging pipe 17 for discharging the exhaust gas that has passed the catalyst carrier 12 outside is provided.
  • FIG. 2 shows a perspective view showing the state in which the catalyst carrier 12 is held by the holding material 13.
  • the holding material 13 serves not only to hold the catalyst carrier safely such that the catalyst carrier 12 is not broken by collision against the casing 11, but also to suppress leakage of unpurified exhaust gas from a gap between the catalyst carrier and the casing.
  • the holding material of the invention may be a sheet-like or mat-like formed product obtained by forming the inorganic fibers into a sheet-like or mat-like shape.
  • FIG. 3(A) One example (plan view) of the shape of the holding material is shown in FIG. 3(A) .
  • a convex part 42 is formed on one end thereof.
  • a concave part 43 that can be engaged with the convex part 42 is formed.
  • the shapes of the convex part 42 and the concave part 43 in addition to a rectangular shape shown in the figure, a triangle or a semicircle can be given.
  • the number of the convex part 42 and the concave part 43 is not limited to one, and two or more of the convex part 42 and the concave part 43 may be provided.
  • the main body 41 is wrapped around the catalyst carrier 12.
  • the thickness of the holding material is not particularly restricted, it is 6 to 12 mm, for example.
  • Basic aluminum chloride (Takibine manufactured by Taki Chemical Co., Ltd.) as an aluminum source, calcium nitrate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) as a calcium source, an anionic colloidal silica (Snowtex O manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries) as a silicon source and a partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol (PVA217 manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.) as a spinning aid, and water as a liquid medium were used in such amounts that the resulting inorganic fibers have compositions shown in Tables 1 and 2, whereby a spinning raw material solution was prepared.
  • Spinning was conducted by a blowing method in which a spinning raw material solution is supplied to a high-speed spinning stream. As a result, crude inorganic fibers having a length of several tens to several hundreds mm were obtained.
  • the spinning was conducted by a method in which the spinning raw material solution was discharged from a spinning nozzle having a diameter of 0.5 mm such that the supply amount of the spinning raw material solution became 6 ml/h per nozzle, and at a gas flow rate of 30 to 35 m/s so that the stream of the spinning raw material solution became parallel with the air from an air nozzle. Thereafter, the spinning raw material solution was subjected to a drying treatment by passing a drying zone, and collected by means of a mesh, whereby crude inorganic fibers were obtained.
  • the crystal structure was measured with an X-ray diffraction apparatus (RINT-ULTIMA III, manufactured by Rigaku Corporation) by using a multi-purpose high temperature attachment in the state where the sample was heated and held at a temperature of 1100°C.
  • RINT-ULTIMA III manufactured by Rigaku Corporation
  • Heat resistance was measured by means of TMA 320 manufactured by Seiko Electronics Instruments. Specifically, 20 mg to 30 mg of the resulting inorganic fibers were put in an empty platinum pan, and the resultant was heated to 1200°C in the state where a prescribed load was applied. Heat resistance was calculated from two inflection points before and after the coefficient of thermal expansion was suddenly lowered.
  • the surface pressure was measured by a universal tester. Specifically, 0.094g of inorganic fibers was packed in a container having a diameter of 10.2 mm that was left at rest on a compression board. In that state, the fibers were gradually compressed from above by means of a compression rod. A load (compression force) at which the packing density of the inorganic fibers reached 0.30 g/cm 3 was obtained as a compression surface pressure. In that state, the load (compression force) applied by the compression rod was gradually decreased, and when a gap (distance) between the compression board and the compression rod was taken as X (mm), a load (compression force) at which the gap between the compression board and the compression rod became X + 0.125X (mm) (i.e. the releasing ratio of a gap between the compression board and the compression rod became 12.5% (packing density: 0.267 g/cm 3 )) was obtained as a release surface pressure.
  • the surface pressure residual ratio was calculated by the following formula from the compression surface pressure and the release surface pressure obtained as above.
  • Surface pressure residual rate % ⁇ Surface pressure Pa at Distance X + 0.125 ⁇ X / Surface pressure Pa at Distance X ⁇ 100
  • Fibers were placed on a membrane filter.
  • physiological saline having a pH of 4.5 and a pH of 7.4 was added dropwise to the fibers.
  • a filtrate that had passed through the fibers and the filter was stored in a container.
  • the stored filtrate was taken out after the lapse of 24 hours, and eluted components were quantified by means of an ICP emission spectroscopy apparatus, and the solubility and the dissolution rate constant were calculated.
  • the elements for the measurement were three elements, i.e. Al, Si and Ca.
  • the fiber diameter was measured and the measured fiber diameter was converted into the dissolution rate constant (unit: ng/cm 2 ⁇ h) that is the elution amount per unit surface area and per unit time.
  • Holding materials were produced by using the inorganic fibers in Example 2 and Comparative Example 6.
  • An aqueous slurry that contained 0.8 parts by mass of fibrillated pulp as the organic binder and 4000 parts by mass of water relative to 100 parts by mass of the inorganic fibers was prepared, and the slurry was subjected to dehydration forming, whereby a wet mat was obtained.
  • a mat (holding material) density: 0.12 g/cm 3
  • the obtained mat was heated at 700°C for de-binding. The heat resistance and the solubility of each of these mats corresponded to those of the inorganic fibers.
  • the inorganic fibers of the invention can be used as a heat-insulating material or the like. Further, the formed body of the invention can be used as a holding material or the like used in a catalytic converter for exhaust gas purification that is mounted in automobiles, buildings, industrial furnaces or the like.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
EP13836398.1A 2012-09-14 2013-08-27 Anorganische fasern und diese verwendender formkörper Active EP2896727B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2012203414A JP5272103B1 (ja) 2012-09-14 2012-09-14 無機繊維及びそれを用いた成形体
PCT/JP2013/005041 WO2014041753A1 (ja) 2012-09-14 2013-08-27 無機繊維及びそれを用いた成形体

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Cited By (1)

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CN107250500B (zh) * 2015-02-25 2019-09-17 霓佳斯株式会社 保持材料、其制造方法以及使用其的气体处理装置
CN105771542A (zh) * 2016-04-21 2016-07-20 江苏达克罗涂装技术有限公司 固化炉废气处理装置
KR101724233B1 (ko) * 2016-05-27 2017-04-11 주식회사 나노 성형성이 우수한 시트형 카트리지 및 이를 포함하는 대기오염 저감용 촉매 담체
CN107313129B (zh) * 2017-08-17 2020-02-07 深圳市正佳科建科技有限公司 铝铜锆增强纤维及其制备方法与铝铜锆超塑合金基复合铝
US10836680B2 (en) * 2017-08-31 2020-11-17 Corning Incorporated Yoshiokaite glass-ceramics obtained from glass frits

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US10247077B2 (en) 2013-03-27 2019-04-02 Nichias Corporation Retention material for gas processing device

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CN104769169B (zh) 2016-10-19
CN104769169A (zh) 2015-07-08
JP5272103B1 (ja) 2013-08-28
EP2896727A4 (de) 2016-04-27
JP2014058749A (ja) 2014-04-03
US20150210598A1 (en) 2015-07-30
EP2896727B1 (de) 2017-11-08
WO2014041753A1 (ja) 2014-03-20

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