EP2896084A1 - Procede de fonctionnement d'un accumulateur au lithium impliquant un materiau actif d'electrode specifique - Google Patents
Procede de fonctionnement d'un accumulateur au lithium impliquant un materiau actif d'electrode specifiqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP2896084A1 EP2896084A1 EP13762809.5A EP13762809A EP2896084A1 EP 2896084 A1 EP2896084 A1 EP 2896084A1 EP 13762809 A EP13762809 A EP 13762809A EP 2896084 A1 EP2896084 A1 EP 2896084A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- electrode
- active material
- metallic
- molar ratio
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0438—Processes of manufacture in general by electrochemical processing
- H01M4/0459—Electrochemical doping, intercalation, occlusion or alloying
- H01M4/0461—Electrochemical alloying
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1395—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/387—Tin or alloys based on tin
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/46—Alloys based on magnesium or aluminium
- H01M4/463—Aluminium based
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of operating a lithium battery involving a specific active material prelithiated from one of the two electrodes included in an electrochemical cell of the accumulator.
- the general field of the invention can thus be defined as that of lithium accumulators and, more specifically, lithium-ion type accumulators.
- Lithium batteries are increasingly being used as a stand-alone energy source, particularly in portable electronic equipment (such as mobile phones, laptops, tools), where they are gradually replacing nickel-cadmium accumulators (NiCd) and nickel metal hydride (NiMH). They are also widely used to provide the power supply needed for new micro applications, such as smart cards, sensors or other electromechanical systems.
- NiCd nickel-cadmium accumulators
- NiMH nickel metal hydride
- Lithium batteries operate on the principle of insertion-deinsertion (or lithiation-delithiation) of lithium according to the following principle.
- the lithium When discharging the accumulator, the lithium is removed from the negative electrode in the form of ionic Li migrates through the ionic conductive electrolyte and is interposed in the crystal lattice of the active material of the positive electrode.
- the passage of each Li + ion in the internal circuit of the accumulator is exactly compensated by the passage of an electron in the external circuit, thereby generating an electric current.
- the specific energy density released by these reactions is both proportional to the potential difference between the two electrodes and the amount of lithium that will be interposed in the active material of the positive electrode.
- the negative electrode will insert lithium into the network of the material constituting it;
- the positive electrode will release lithium.
- lithium batteries require two different insertion compounds to the negative electrode and the positive electrode.
- the positive electrode is generally based on lithiated oxide of transition metal:
- LiM0 2 of the lamellar oxide type of formula LiM0 2 , where M denotes Co, Ni, Mn, Al and mixtures thereof, such as LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , Li (Ni, Co, Mn, Al) O 2 ; or
- the negative electrode may be based on a carbon material, and in particular based on graphite.
- Graphite has a theoretical specific capacity of the order of 372 mAh / g (corresponding to the formation of the LiCe alloy) and a practical specific capacity of the order of 320 mAh / g.
- graphite has a high degree of irreversibility during the first charge, a continuous loss of capacity in cycling and a prohibitive kinetic limitation in the case of a high charge / discharge regime (for example, for a C / 2 charge regime).
- the insertion of silicon into a negative electrode makes it possible to significantly increase the specific practical capacity of the negative electrode related to the insertion of lithium therein, which is 320 mAh / g for a graphite electrode and 3578 mAh / g for a silicon-based electrode (corresponding to the formation of the Lii 5 Si 4 alloy during the insertion at room temperature of the lithium in the silicon) .
- a gain of about 40 and 35%, respectively in energy density and in mass energy if the graphite is replaced by silicon in a conventional battery of the "lithium-ion" die.
- the formation reaction of the lithium-silicon alloy leading to a very high specific practical capacity (of the order of 3578 mAh / g), is reversible.
- the volume expansion between the delithiated phase and the lithiated phase can reach values ranging from 240 to 400%.
- This strong expansion, followed by a contraction of the same amplitude (corresponding to the disinsertion of lithium in the negative electrode during the discharge process) can quickly lead to irreversible mechanical damage to the electrode and in particular a sputtering of said electrode and, as a result, degradation of the electrode / electrolyte interface. These phenomena can cause a rapid degradation of the electrochemical performance of the electrodes made from this type of materials.
- the invention relates to a method of operating a lithium battery comprising at least one electrochemical cell comprising two electrodes (more specifically, a positive electrode and a negative electrode) disposed on either side of a lithium ion conductive electrolyte, one of the electrodes comprising an active material comprising an alloy of at least one metallic or semi-metallic M element and lithium, while the other electrode is a lithium source, said method comprising the steps following: a) a preliminary step of implementing a method for preparing said active material of the above-mentioned electrode, said method comprising a step of electrochemically incorporating lithium in a molar ratio Li / M up to In a material based on at least one metallic or semi-metallic element M capable of forming an alloy with lithium, preferably, said step being performed under conditions sufficient to obtain an electrode active material having a Li / M molar ratio (M being the element M as defined above) of at least 1/3 of the molar ratio when said material is completely alloyed with lithium, whereby said electrode active material
- the electrode comprising an active material comprising an alloy of at least one metallic or semimetallic element M and lithium corresponds to the negative electrode of the accumulator.
- step a) comprises a step of electrochemically incorporating lithium in a Li / M molar ratio of up to 5 (i.e. value is at most equal to 5) in a material based on at least one metallic or semi-metallic element M capable of forming an alloy with lithium, preferably, said step being carried out under conditions sufficient to obtain an active material electrode having a molar ratio Li / M (M being the element M as defined above) of at least 1/3 of the molar ratio when said material is completely alloyed with lithium, whereby said active material of the electrode is obtained.
- step a) is carried out under conditions sufficient to obtain an electrode active material having a molar ratio Li / M (M being the element M as defined above) of at least equal to 2/3 of the molar ratio when said material is completely alloyed with lithium.
- Step a) can be described as a prelithiation step, knowing that the material obtained at the end of this step is intended to be used as an electrode active material in a lithium battery.
- the above-mentioned element M is, as mentioned above, an element M capable of forming an alloy with lithium, this element possibly being either a metallic element or a semi-metallic element.
- metal element mention may be made of aluminum, tin, germanium and mixtures thereof.
- silicon As examples of semi-metallic element, mention may be made of silicon.
- the material based on at least one metallic or semi-metallic element M may be in the form of only one element M (for example, pure silicon), an alloy of element (s) M or a composite material based on at least one element M.
- the composite material based on at least one element M may be made of a material comprising silicon and another element chosen from carbon, tin, aluminum, germanium and mixtures thereof.
- the material based on at least one metallic or semi-metallic element M advantageously has a total reversible capacity greater than 2500 mAh / g, specific examples corresponding to this characteristic being the following:
- the material comprises elements Mi, M 2 , M n in proportions y 1 , y 2 , y n , each element having respectively an effective reversible capacitance of x 1, x 2 , x n , then the capacitance total reversible of the material corresponds to the sum ( ⁇ ⁇ + ⁇ 2 ⁇ 2 + ⁇ + ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ) ⁇ H means that this total reversible capacitance does not take into account the irreversible capacity related to the parasitic reactions, as in particular the surface reactions .
- the material based on at least one metallic or semi-metallic element M may be in the form of nanometric particles, for example particles having an average particle diameter of less than 200 nm.
- the material based on at least one metallic or semi-metallic element M may coexist with other materials such as organic binders, electrically conductive materials and mixtures thereof.
- the organic binders may be polymeric binders, advantageously chosen from electrochemically stable polymers, for example, in a window of potentials ranging from 0 to 5 V relative to Li / Li + , such polymers possibly being cellulosic polymers.
- the electrically conductive materials may be carbonaceous materials, in particular carbon materials in divided form, such as spherical particles, fibers. More specifically, it may be carbon black, carbon fibers, acetylene black, carbon nanotubes and mixtures thereof.
- the electrochemical incorporation step can be carried out electrostatically, that is to say by applying a current of constant intensity for a period of time necessary for the incorporation of lithium according to the desired molar ratio, i.e., a molar ratio of up to 5 and preferably so that the electrode active material has a Li / M molar ratio (M being the M component); as defined above) of at least 1/3 of the molar ratio when said material is completely alloyed with lithium.
- a current of constant intensity for a period of time necessary for the incorporation of lithium according to the desired molar ratio, i.e., a molar ratio of up to 5 and preferably so that the electrode active material has a Li / M molar ratio (M being the M component); as defined above) of at least 1/3 of the molar ratio when said material is completely alloyed with lithium.
- the material based on at least one metallic or semi-metallic element M may be formed into an electrode which is placed in a device comprising a cell comprising a lithium source electrode, for example a lithium metal electrode. or any other material capable of providing electrochemically lithium, between which is disposed a lithium ion conductive electrolyte.
- it may be a liquid electrolyte comprising a lithium salt.
- the liquid electrolyte may comprise a solvent or mixture of carbonate-type solvents, such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate or diethyl carbonate, and / or a solvent or a mixture of ether-type solvents, such as dimethoxyethane, dioxolane, dioxane, tetraethyleneglycoldimethylether (known by the abbreviation TEGDME) and mixtures thereof in which a lithium salt is dissolved.
- carbonate-type solvents such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate or diethyl carbonate
- ether-type solvents such as dimethoxyethane, dioxolane, dioxane, tetraethyleneglycoldimethylether (known by the abbreviation TEGDME) and mixtures thereof in which a lithium salt is dissolved.
- the lithium salt may be chosen from the group consisting of LiPF 6 , LiClC 3, LiBF 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3, LiN (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) lithium bistrifluoromethylsulfonylimide (known by the abbreviation LiTFSI) LiN [S0 2 CF 3 ] 2 and mixtures thereof.
- LiPF 6 LiClC 3
- LiBF 4 LiAsF 6
- LiCF 3 SO 3 LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3
- LiN (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) lithium bistrifluoromethylsulfonylimide known by the abbreviation LiTFSI
- the intensity delivered at the terminals of the device is fixed so as to generate a lithiation phenomenon of the aforementioned electrode active material until the desired molar ratio is obtained, this ratio being determined by measuring the practical specific capacity of said material.
- the lithium metal of the lithium source electrode is converted to Li + and releases an electron, while Li + will be incorporated into the active material of the electrode.
- -x is the number of moles of lithium reacted for one mole of active material
- M is the molar mass of the active material (in g mol -1 ) and m is the mass of the active material (in g).
- the specific capacity of the active material (expressed in mAh.g -1 ) being expressed by the following value:
- the materials based on at least one metallic or semi-metallic element M are lithiated in a molar ratio corresponding to the obtaining of a specific capacity. at least one-third of the total reversible capacitance of said material, preferably at least 2/3 of said total reversible capacitance (this total reversible capacitance corresponding, for a negative electrode, to the amount of electricity generated during the reversible disinsertion of lithium atoms and does not include lithium atoms, which are trapped during the first charge, especially on the surface of the active material).
- the prelithic materials obtained at the end of step a) of this invention are structurally different from those obtained by the metallurgical route (in particular, by metallurgy of powders), in particular as regards their degree of crystallinity, in that they are partly amorphous.
- These prelithy materials are intended to be used as active materials in an electrode, and more specifically, a negative electrode for operating lithium accumulators, said accumulator comprising at least one electrochemical cell each comprising an electrode comprising such an active material. , and another electrode disposed on either side of a lithium ion conductive electrolyte.
- the accumulator During cycling of the accumulator (i.e. during charge-discharge processes thereof), a fraction of the inserted lithium ions contributes to the growth of the electrode / electrolyte interface, forming products. of the carbonates or lithium oxide type on the surface of the constituent particles of the negative electrode. These reactions are irreversible, so that the lithium ions consumed for the formation of these products no longer participate in the cycling of the electrode and contribute to the irreversible capacity between the charge and the discharge.
- the electrode active material as defined above allows to have a significant source of lithium ions in the active material of the electrode and thus improves the coulombic efficiency of the accumulator at each cycle (which corresponds the percentage of electric charge stored in the battery during charging, which is recoverable during discharge).
- the surface area of the particles will vary less between 2400 and 3600 mAh / g (which means, on the one hand, that the electrode has been prelithicated up to 2400 mAh / g, which corresponds to a Li / Si molar ratio of 2.5 and that the cycling of the material has been carried out on a field of molar ratio ranging from 2.5 to 3.75) between 0 and 1200 mAh / g (which corresponds to cycling said material over a range of 0 to 1.25 molar ratio).
- the electrode prepared in step a) comprises during a cycling (that is to say, during a charge-discharge process) always lithium inserted, which amounts to to say that the electrode remains lithiated permanently during the cycling of the electrodes.
- the step of operation by cycling (s) is carried out, preferably, over a range of capacities of up to at most 2/3 of the total reversible capacity of the active material (which corresponds to a restricted cycling domain), so that the electrode remains always lithiated.
- the step of operation by cycling (s) can be performed on a range of capacities corresponding to at most 1/3 of the total reversible capacity of the active material.
- the step of preparing said electrode can result in an electrode having a molar ratio Li / M of 2.5.
- the cycling operation step (s) carried out on a range of capacities corresponding to 1/3 of the total reversible capacity of the material thus amounts to cycling over a range of capacitances of 1200 mAh / g, which amounts to to say in other words that during a cycling: the molar ratio Li / M changes from 3.75 to 2.5 during the disinsertion; and
- the Li / M molar ratio changes from 2.5 to 3.75 at the time of insertion.
- the electrode is thus subjected to a restricted cycling domain (1/3 of its total reversible capacity) while being in a high lithiation domain (greater than 2/3 of its total reversible capacity).
- the operating method is adapted, as indicated above, to lithium accumulators, and in particular to lithium-ion accumulators of the lithium-ion type, in particular because the operating mode of the invention makes it possible to access to excellent coulombic efficiency.
- the prelithiated electrode will respond to the same specificities as those announced above and, moreover, will advantageously have a high density of energy density, such as a density of energy density. greater than 1800 mAh / cm and a large surface density, for example, a surface density of at least 2.5 mAh / cm 2 , these densities being determined on the basis of the theoretical specific capacities of the active materials used.
- a high density of energy density such as a density of energy density. greater than 1800 mAh / cm and a large surface density, for example, a surface density of at least 2.5 mAh / cm 2 , these densities being determined on the basis of the theoretical specific capacities of the active materials used.
- the lithium source electrode for its part, can be any positive electrode as described in the part devoted to the technical field.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the evolution of the potential V (expressed in V relative to the Li + / Li pair) as a function of the practical practical capacity C (expressed in mAh / g) obtained during the first two cycles (respectively curve a) for the first cycle and curve b for the second cycle) for the first electrode of Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the evolution of the potential V (expressed in V with respect to the Li + / Li pair) as a function of the practical specific capacity C (expressed in mAh / g) for the prelithiation step (curve a ) and for an insertion / desinsertion cycle over a capacity range of 2400 to 3600 mAh / g (curve b).
- V the potential of the potential V
- C the practical specific capacity
- 3 and 4 are graphs, which respectively illustrate the evolution of the practical specific capacitance obtained in terms of insertion and insertion C (expressed in mAh / g) (curves a) and b) with the first electrode and curves c) and d) with the second electrode) as a function of the number of cycles N and the evolution of the coulombic efficiency E obtained with the first electrode (curve a) and the second electrode (curve b) as a function of the number of cycles N in the framework of Example 1.
- FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating the evolution of the potential V (expressed in V with respect to the Li + / Li pair) as a function of the practical specific capacity C (expressed in mAh / g) for the prelithiation step (curve a ) and for a charge / discharge cycle over a range of capacitances from 1200 to 3600 mAh / g (curve b) for the electrode of Example 2.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 are graphs, which respectively illustrate the evolution of the practical specific capacitance obtained in insertion and in C deinsertion (expressed in mAh / g) (curves a) and b) as a function of the number of cycles N and l evolution of coulombic efficiency E obtained with the abovementioned electrode as a function of the number of cycles N for example 2.
- first electrode and second electrode made of nanoscale silicon (65% by weight), carbon fibers (25% by weight) and carboxymethylcellulose (10% by weight) (this additive acts as a binding agent organic), with a basis weight of the order of 2 mg of silicon per cm 2 were cycled under different conditions in a button cell with lithium metal as lithium source electrode (this electrode having a thickness of 135 ⁇ m and having a surface identical to the other electrode) in galvanostatic mode at a rate of C / 7 at room temperature.
- the electrolyte used is a 1M LiPF 6 salt dissolved in an ethylene carbonate / diethylene carbonate mixture in a 1: 1 volume ratio with a polypropylene separator having a thickness of 25 microns.
- the galvanosplastic mode consists of imposing a constant current of intensity I and following the evolution of the potential V at the terminals of the button cell over time t, the measurement being done in dynamic mode.
- the current imposed between the two electrodes is such that the imposed current regime is equal to C / 20, ie here about 600 ⁇ .
- a reduction current, of negative value by convention, is imposed on the button cell until the potential difference across the battery reaches a set minimum limit value and then the current is reversed to the maximum limit value set. V max of the potential difference.
- the first non-prelithiated electrode was cycled by limiting the capacity to 1200 mAh / g, the electrode is cycled at a molar ratio ranging from 0 to 1.25 for several tens of cycles.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the cycling of this electrode by representation only of the first two charge-discharge cycles having been implemented as illustrated in FIG. 1, representing the evolution of the potential V (expressed in V relative to the Li + / pair). Li) according to the practical specific capacity C (expressed in mAh / g).
- the second electrode was cycled as follows:
- a current I of 600 ⁇ is imposed for a duration t of 13 hours until a Li / Si molar ratio of 2.75 is obtained, ie, in other words, a capacity of 2400 mAh / g;
- charge / discharge cycles are imposed several tens of times with a capacity limitation of 1200 mAh / g, which means, in other words, that these cycles are applied over a range of capacitances ranging from from 2400 to 3600 mAh / g, that is to say a Li / Si molar ratio ranging from 2.75 to 3.5.
- the appended figure 2 illustrates the evolution of the potential V according to the specific practical capacity for the aforementioned first time and for a charge / discharge cycle over a range of capacities ranging from 2400 to 3600 mAh / g.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 respectively illustrate the evolution of the practical specific capacitance obtained in charge and in discharge C (expressed in mAh / g) (curves a) and b) with the first electrode and curves c) and d) with the second electrode) as a function of the number of cycles N and the evolution of the coulombic efficiency E obtained with the first electrode (curve a) and the second electrode (curve b) as a function of the number of cycles N.
- an electrode of the same composition and basis weight as those described in Example 1 was cycled as follows:
- a current I of 600 ⁇ is imposed for a duration t of 6.5 hours until a Li / Si molar ratio of 1.25 is obtained, that is to say in other words a capacity of 1200 mAh / g; in a second step, load / discharge cycles are imposed several tens of times with a capacity limitation of 2400 mAh / g, which means, in other words, that these cycles are applied over a range of capacitances ranging from from 1200 to 3600 mAh / g, which amounts to cycling the material of the negative electrode with a lithiation rate ranging from 1.25 to 3.5.
- Figure 5 illustrates the evolution of the potential V (in V) as a function of the specific practical capacity for the aforementioned first time and for a charge / discharge cycle over a range of capacitances ranging from 1200 to 3600 mAh / g. .
- FIGS. 6 and 7 respectively illustrate the evolution of the specific practical capacity obtained.
- charge and in discharge C (expressed in mAh / g) (respectively curves a) and b) as a function of the number of cycles N) and the evolution of the coulombic efficiency E obtained with the aforementioned electrode.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1258570A FR2995453B1 (fr) | 2012-09-12 | 2012-09-12 | Procede de preparation d'un materiau d'electrode negative et procede de fonctionnement d'un accumulateur au lithium impliquant un tel materiau |
| PCT/EP2013/068915 WO2014041076A1 (fr) | 2012-09-12 | 2013-09-12 | Procede de fonctionnement d'un accumulateur au lithium impliquant un materiau actif d'electrode specifique |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2896084A1 true EP2896084A1 (fr) | 2015-07-22 |
Family
ID=47356089
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP13762809.5A Withdrawn EP2896084A1 (fr) | 2012-09-12 | 2013-09-12 | Procede de fonctionnement d'un accumulateur au lithium impliquant un materiau actif d'electrode specifique |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2896084A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2995453B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2014041076A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01115062A (ja) * | 1987-10-28 | 1989-05-08 | Bridgestone Corp | リチウム二次電池 |
| GB8800082D0 (en) * | 1988-01-05 | 1988-02-10 | Alcan Int Ltd | Battery |
| US8158282B2 (en) * | 2008-11-13 | 2012-04-17 | Nanotek Instruments, Inc. | Method of producing prelithiated anodes for secondary lithium ion batteries |
| US20120045670A1 (en) * | 2009-11-11 | 2012-02-23 | Amprius, Inc. | Auxiliary electrodes for electrochemical cells containing high capacity active materials |
| JP2012212629A (ja) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-11-01 | Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd | リチウムイオン蓄電デバイスの製造方法 |
-
2012
- 2012-09-12 FR FR1258570A patent/FR2995453B1/fr active Active
-
2013
- 2013-09-12 WO PCT/EP2013/068915 patent/WO2014041076A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2013-09-12 EP EP13762809.5A patent/EP2896084A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
| See also references of WO2014041076A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2995453A1 (fr) | 2014-03-14 |
| WO2014041076A1 (fr) | 2014-03-20 |
| FR2995453B1 (fr) | 2015-12-25 |
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