EP2895722A1 - Procede de determination d'une pression en amont d'un compresseur pour un!moteur a combustion interne equipe d'une double suralimentation - Google Patents
Procede de determination d'une pression en amont d'un compresseur pour un!moteur a combustion interne equipe d'une double suralimentationInfo
- Publication number
- EP2895722A1 EP2895722A1 EP13762169.4A EP13762169A EP2895722A1 EP 2895722 A1 EP2895722 A1 EP 2895722A1 EP 13762169 A EP13762169 A EP 13762169A EP 2895722 A1 EP2895722 A1 EP 2895722A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mechanical compressor
- pressure
- upstream
- engine
- supercharging
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title description 3
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/001—Testing thereof; Determination or simulation of flow characteristics; Stall or surge detection, e.g. condition monitoring
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/04—Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B29/00—Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
- F02B29/04—Cooling of air intake supply
- F02B29/0406—Layout of the intake air cooling or coolant circuit
- F02B29/0412—Multiple heat exchangers arranged in parallel or in series
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B29/00—Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
- F02B29/04—Cooling of air intake supply
- F02B29/0406—Layout of the intake air cooling or coolant circuit
- F02B29/0418—Layout of the intake air cooling or coolant circuit the intake air cooler having a bypass or multiple flow paths within the heat exchanger to vary the effective heat transfer surface
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
- F02B37/16—Control of the pumps by bypassing charging air
- F02B37/162—Control of the pumps by bypassing charging air by bypassing, e.g. partially, intake air from pump inlet to pump outlet
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D23/00—Controlling engines characterised by their being supercharged
- F02D23/005—Controlling engines characterised by their being supercharged with the supercharger being mechanically driven by the engine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
- F02D41/0007—Controlling intake air for control of turbo-charged or super-charged engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
- F02M26/08—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines for engines having two or more intake charge compressors or exhaust gas turbines, e.g. a turbocharger combined with an additional compressor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
- F02M35/10373—Sensors for intake systems
- F02M35/1038—Sensors for intake systems for temperature or pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/009—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids by bleeding, by passing or recycling fluid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
- F02B37/24—Control of the pumps by using pumps or turbines with adjustable guide vanes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
- F02B39/02—Drives of pumps; Varying pump drive gear ratio
- F02B39/04—Mechanical drives; Variable-gear-ratio drives
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
- F02B39/16—Other safety measures for, or other control of, pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/04—Engine intake system parameters
- F02D2200/0402—Engine intake system parameters the parameter being determined by using a model of the engine intake or its components
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/04—Engine intake system parameters
- F02D2200/0406—Intake manifold pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/04—Engine intake system parameters
- F02D2200/0406—Intake manifold pressure
- F02D2200/0408—Estimation of intake manifold pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/04—Engine intake system parameters
- F02D2200/0414—Air temperature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/22—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
- F02D41/221—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions relating to the failure of actuators or electrically driven elements
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of thermal engines, in particular heat engines equipped with a double supercharging.
- a supercharging of an engine is called increasing the amount of air and fuel mixture in the engine cylinders relative to normal operation.
- the supercharging, and a fortiori the double supercharging can increase the efficiency of a heat engine without changing the speed of rotation.
- the engine torque depends on the angle formed between the connecting rod and the crankshaft, the pressure of the gases inside the cylinder, called Effective Mean Pressure (or MSY) and the pressure the amount of fuel introduced.
- MSY Effective Mean Pressure
- the gaseous mixture is compressed at the intake of the engine (essentially comprising air and optionally flue gases).
- This compression can be achieved by the compressor of a turbocharger which is driven by the exhaust gas by means of a turbine, or compression can be effected by a separate mechanical compressor, which can be driven by the crankshaft of the engine.
- Double supercharging is called when the gas mixture at the intake is compressed twice: for example, a first time by a compressor of the turbocharger and a second time by a mechanical compressor located in the engine intake circuit.
- the mechanical compressor dynamically controlled, offsets the turbocharger inertia at startup.
- the boost pressure In order to control the air pressure at the intake, called the boost pressure, it is possible to modify the behavior of the two compressors.
- a valve called bypass valve, which is placed in parallel with the compressor and deflects the air to the compressor according to its opening which is controlled.
- a controlled clutch is inserted between a gearbox and the mechanical compressor. The clutch allows the activation or deactivation of the mechanical compressor.
- the mechanical compressor is disabled for high engine speeds (the limit speed depends on the drive ratio between the crankshaft and the mechanical compressor).
- VVT variable geometry turbine
- the controlled modification of the geometry causes a change in the speed of rotation of the turbocharger and thus a modification of the compression.
- the heat engine and the supercharging system must be instrumented to know different pressures and temperatures within the supercharging circuit.
- the measured values are used to control the supercharging, the engine, but also the diagnosis of the operation of the supercharging.
- FIG. 1 shows a heat engine equipped with a double supercharging and instrumented.
- An engine (1) is equipped with an intake circuit and an exhaust circuit.
- In the intake circuit are arranged in the direction of air circulation: an air filter (7), the compressor of the turbocharger (2), a first supercharged air cooler (6), a mechanical compressor ( 3) and a second supercharged air cooler (5).
- In parallel with the mechanical compressor is a bypass circuit, called bypass circuit, comprising a bypass valve (4).
- bypass circuit comprising a bypass valve (4).
- the turbocharger turbine (2) this turbine is variable geometry (VGT).
- the mechanical compressor (3) is driven by the crankshaft of the engine (1) by transmission means, in particular a belt, and by means of a clutch (1 1).
- the supercharged air coolers (5, 6) are used to cool the air that has been heated during successive compressions.
- the engine may include an exhaust gas recirculation circuit (EGR) comprising a cooler (10) and a valve (9), called the EGR valve.
- EGR exhaust gas recirculation circuit
- the flue gases circulating mix with fresh air between the air filter (7) and the compressor of the turbocharger (2).
- the engine (1) as shown comprises four cylinders. These last two characteristics (EGR and number of cylinders) are independent of the invention and are not limiting.
- the motor (1) is equipped with four sensors respectively for measuring a pressure P avcm of a gaseous mixture upstream of a mechanical compressor (3), a temperature T avcm upstream of said mechanical compressor
- the invention relates to a method for determining the pressure P avcm upstream of the compressor (mechanical or electrical).
- the pressure is determined by means of an estimator based on a law of conservation of flow rates in the volume upstream of the mechanical compressor. This law of conservation of flows makes it possible to take into account the physical behaviors of the flows and consequently to obtain a reliable and robust estimation of the pressure P avcm .
- the invention relates to a method for determining a pressure P avcm of a gaseous mixture upstream of a mechanical compressor integrated in a supercharging system of a heat engine, said supercharging system further comprising a turbocharger for compressing said a gaseous mixture at the inlet of said engine and a bypass circuit arranged in parallel with said mechanical compressor comprising a bypass valve.
- a dynamic model is constructed by applying a flow rate conservation law to the volume upstream of said mechanical compressor, said model connecting said pressure P avcm upstream of said mechanical compressor to a temperature T avcm upstream of said mechanical compressor, at a pressure P sural and a supercharging T sural temperature at the inlet of said engine, and a Bypass opening of said bypass valve;
- said temperature T avcm is determined upstream of said compressor compressor; c) said P sural pressure and said booster T superal temperature are acquired at the intake of said engine as well as the Bypass opening of said bypass valve; and d) said pressure P avcm upstream of said mechanical compressor is determined by means of said dynamic model.
- said temperature T avcm upstream of said mechanical compressor is determined by means of a temperature sensor placed upstream of said compressor.
- the supercharging system further comprising a supercharged air cooler between said turbocharger and the mechanical compressor, said temperature T avcm upstream of said mechanical compressor is determined by means of a mapping of said air cooler and a flow through said air cooler.
- said mechanical compressor is driven by the crankshaft of said engine, the flow D cm passing through said mechanical compressor is written by a formula
- said mechanical compressor is driven by an electric motor.
- P DALY min (max (P flim, P DALY), P mml ).
- said pressure P is acquired and said temperature T mral mral supercharging the intake of said engine by means of pressure and temperature sensors disposed upstream of the intake manifold of said engine.
- the invention relates to a supercharging control method of a heat engine equipped with a supercharging system, said supercharging system comprising a turbocharger and a mechanical compressor for compressing said gas mixture at the intake of said engine and a branch circuit arranged in parallel with said mechanical compressor comprising a bypass valve.
- the invention relates to a method for diagnosing abnormal operation of a supercharging system of a heat engine, said supercharging system comprising a turbocharger and a mechanical compressor for compressing said gas mixture at the intake of said engine, a branch circuit arranged in parallel with said mechanical compressor comprising a bypass valve.
- said abnormal operation of said supercharging system is a leak in the intake system.
- the invention also relates to a method for controlling a heat engine equipped with a supercharging system, said supercharging system comprising a turbocharger and a mechanical compressor for compressing a gas mixture with the admission of said motor and a bypass circuit arranged in parallel with said mechanical compressor comprising a bypass controlled valve.
- a supercharging system comprising a turbocharger and a mechanical compressor for compressing a gas mixture with the admission of said motor and a bypass circuit arranged in parallel with said mechanical compressor comprising a bypass controlled valve.
- a temperature T DALY upstream of said mechanical compressor is determined, a P mral pressure and a temperature T mral supercharging the intake of said engine and a pressure P DALY upstream of said mechanical compressor by means of the method as described previously;
- said filling model is determined by means of a filling equation of said supercharging volume defined by a formula of
- said supercharging pressure P mral with respect to time, R is the perfect gas constant, V mral the supercharging volume, D cm flow reaching said compressor, D L outflow through said bypass valve which is a function of the opening of said bypass valve and D asp the suction flow exiting to the cylinders of said engine.
- said filling model is an open-loop filling model which is written by a relation of the type: Bypass sp
- said filling model is a closed-loop filling model which is written by a relation of the type:
- Figure 1 already described, illustrates an engine equipped with a double supercharging system and instrumented with four sensors.
- Figures 2a) and 2b) illustrate a portion of the instrumented supercharging circuit for two embodiments of the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 3a illustrates the difference between the pressures estimated by the method according to the invention and reference pressures
- FIG. 3b represents the absolute pressure errors in a torque regime plane.
- Figures 4a) and 4b) respectively correspond to Figures 3a) and 3b) taking into account dispersions at the sensors and components of the supercharging system.
- FIG. 5 illustrates the origin of the dispersions in the upstream pressure estimation of the mechanical compressor.
- FIGS. 6a) to 6d) show the supercharging pressure, the pressure upstream of the compressor, the opening of the bypass valve and the VGT turbine and the effective average pressure (PME) for an open-loop control according to a motor control method implementing the determination method according to the invention for different regimes: 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, and 3000 rpm.
- FIGS. 7a) and 7b) represent the supercharging pressure for an open-loop control according to a motor control method respectively using a measurement of the pressure upstream of the mechanical compressor and implementing the determination method according to the invention for different regimes: 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, and 3000 rpm.
- Figures 8a) and 8b) show the pressure upstream of the mechanical compressor for open loop control according to a motor control method using respectively a measurement of the pressure upstream of the mechanical compressor and implementing the determination method according to the invention for different regimes: 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, and 3000 rpm.
- FIGS. 9a) and 9b) represent the positions of the actuators for open-loop control according to a motor control method respectively using a measurement of the pressure upstream of the mechanical compressor and implementing the determination method according to the invention for different regimes: 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, and 3000 rpm.
- FIGS. 10a) and 10b) represent the supercharging pressure for closed-loop control according to a motor control method respectively using a measurement of the pressure upstream of the mechanical compressor and implementing the determination method according to the invention for different regimes: 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, and 3000 rpm.
- FIGS. 11 a) and 1 1 b) represent the pressure upstream of the mechanical compressor for closed-loop control according to a motor control method respectively using a measurement of the pressure upstream of the mechanical compressor and implementing the method according to the invention for different regimes: 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, and 3000 rpm.
- FIGS. 12a) and 12b) represent the positions of the actuators for a closed-loop control according to a motor control method respectively using a measurement of the pressure upstream of the mechanical compressor and implementing the determination method according to the invention for different regimes: 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, and 3000 rpm.
- FIGS. 13a) and 13b) illustrate the excess of the supercharging pressure over one thousand dispersed tests for closed-loop control according to a motor control method respectively using a measurement of the pressure upstream of the mechanical compressor and implementing the method according to the invention for different regimes: 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, and 3000 rpm.
- FIGS. 14a) and 14b) illustrate the response time of the supercharging pressure over one thousand dispersed tests for a closed-loop control according to a motor control method respectively using a measurement of the pressure upstream of the mechanical compressor and implementing the determination method according to the invention for different regimes: 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, and 3000 rpm.
- FIGS. 14a) and 14b) illustrate the response time of the supercharging pressure over one thousand dispersed tests for a closed-loop control according to a motor control method respectively using a measurement of the pressure upstream of the mechanical compressor and implementing the determination method according to the invention for different regimes: 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, and 3000 rpm.
- the process for determining the pressure upstream of a mechanical or electrical compressor (that is to say driven by an electric motor) according to the invention is suitable for any heat engine equipped with a double supercharging, and does not not limit to the heat engine of Figure 1.
- the method is described for the double supercharging example of FIG.
- the invention is also suitable for a double supercharging implemented by a mechanical compressor driven by an electric motor.
- the method according to the invention relates to the determination of the upstream pressure P avcm of a gaseous mixture (air and optionally flue gas) upstream of the compressor of a supercharging system. To determine this pressure, the following steps are implemented:
- Steps 1) and 2) are independent and can be performed in the order presented, in reverse order or simultaneously.
- it is possible to know the pressure upstream of the compressor without the use of an additional sensor.
- upstream and downstream are defined with respect to the direction of the flow of gases at the inlet and the exhaust.
- the following notations are used:
- T sural pressure and supercharging temperature at the intake of the engine (1) and downstream of the mechanical compressor (3).
- V avcm volume upstream of the mechanical compressor (3) between the mechanical compressor (3) and the air cooler (6).
- V max boost volume between the engine intake valves (1) on the one hand and the mechanical compressor (3) and the bypass valve (4) on the other hand.
- R specific constant of the perfect gases, which is the same for all the gases concerned here (air and exhaust gas), and which is worth 288 J / kg / K.
- volumetric flow rate of the mechanical compressor (3) • ⁇ : volumetric flow rate of the mechanical compressor (3).
- the volumetric flow rate is obtained from a map, which may be part of the data supplied by the supplier of the mechanical compressor (3).
- ⁇ ⁇ pressure drop in the supercharged air cooler (6) located between the turbocharger (2) and the mechanical compressor (3). This term of pressure loss is mapped according to the speed of the mechanical compressor (3) and the density of the gases.
- K i and K p return loop calibration parameters for the closed-loop control method embodiment.
- PME average effective pressure, it corresponds to the ratio between the work provided by the engine (1) during a cycle and the displacement of the engine (1).
- the temperature T avcm upstream of the mechanical compressor (3) is determined.
- the temperature T avcm upstream of the mechanical compressor (3) is determined by means of a mapping of the air cooler (6) situated between the two compressors and by means of the air flow rate passing through the air cooler (6) and the outside temperature, the mapping corresponds for example to a curve in the flow / outside temperature plane.
- the air flow through the cooler corresponds to the flow of air D asp sucked by the cylinders.
- the engine instrumentation for this embodiment is shown in Figure 2a).
- This variant embodiment has the advantage of requiring no sensor upstream of the mechanical compressor.
- the temperature T avcm upstream of the mechanical compressor (3) is determined by means of a temperature sensor disposed at the outlet of the air cooler (6) upstream of the mechanical compressor (3). ) before the diversion.
- the engine instrumentation for this embodiment is shown in Figure 2b).
- the pressure P and temperature T mral mral boost to the engine intake (1) and the bypass opening of the bypass valve (4) are values acquired to determine the pressure upstream of the mechanical compressor by the process according to the invention.
- the P sural pressure and the supercharging T superal temperature at the intake of the engine (1) can be determined by means of respectively pressure and temperature sensors located upstream of the engine at the output of the mechanical compressor (3) and the bypass circuit (bypass).
- the Bypass opening of the bypass valve (4) can be determined by means of its setpoint or by means of the position of its actuator.
- step 2) is independent of step 1) and can be performed before, after or during step 1).
- Step 3 determining the pressure upstream of the mechanical compressor
- a dynamic model is constructed based on a law of conservation of flow rates applied to the volume upstream of the mechanical compressor (3).
- the upstream volume V avcm of the mechanical compressor (3) is delimited by the mechanical compressor (3), the air cooler (6) and does not include the volume of the branch circuit.
- the dynamic model represents the filling of this volume and connects the pressure P avcm upstream of the mechanical compressor (3) to the P sural pressure and supercharging T sural temperature at the inlet of said engine (1) and the Bypass opening of said bypass valve (4).
- the dynamic model can be written by a formula of the type:
- the flow rate D c may correspond to an estimation of the flow rate through the centrifugal compressor (2) using a cylinder filling model plus a dynamic term resulting from the deconvolution of the dynamics in the intake distributor.
- the suction flow rate D asp is given by the engine filling model; it is a static model connecting the flow sucked by the cylinders with the quantities on admission, this type of model classically equips the engine control means and can be of the type
- the flow D cm passing through the mechanical compressor (3) can be determined when the mechanical compressor (3) is connected to the crankshaft of the engine (1) (see FIGS.
- the volumetric flow rate of the mechanical compressor (3) is obtained from a map of the mechanical compressor (3) of the mechanical compressor speed as a function of the ratio of the downstream and upstream pressures. This mapping can be part of the data provided by the supplier of the mechanical compressor (3) or can be determined experimentally. In addition, the term represents the density p cm of the gases passing through the mechanical compressor.
- the dynamic model can be written by a formula of the form:
- the model is used to determine the pressure P DALY upstream of the supercharger based on the values acquired from the P mral pressure and temperature T mral supercharging the intake of said engine (1), the Bypass opening of said bypass valve (4) and the flow rate D c passing through the turbocharger compressor (2).
- a value of the pressure P avcm is obtained without instrumenting a pressure sensor upstream of the mechanical compressor (3).
- the method according to the invention is adapted to the heat engine, especially for vehicles and more particularly motor vehicles.
- the heat engine concerned may be a gasoline engine or a diesel engine.
- the method according to the invention can be used in a method of controlling the supercharging of a heat engine.
- the invention also relates to a supercharging control method of a heat engine (1) equipped with a supercharging system, said supercharging system comprising a turbocharger (2) and a mechanical compressor (3) for compressing said mixture gaseous at the inlet of the engine (1) and a bypass circuit arranged in parallel with the mechanical compressor (3) comprising a bypass valve (4).
- a supercharging control method of a heat engine (1) equipped with a supercharging system said supercharging system comprising a turbocharger (2) and a mechanical compressor (3) for compressing said mixture gaseous at the inlet of the engine (1) and a bypass circuit arranged in parallel with the mechanical compressor (3) comprising a bypass valve (4).
- bypass valve (4) and / or the turbocharger (2) is controlled (particularly in the case of a variable geometry turbocharger (VGT)) and / or if applicable the clutch disposed between the crankshaft of the engine and the mechanical compressor (3).
- VVT variable geometry turbocharger
- the method as described above can be used within a method of diagnosis of supercharging.
- the invention furthermore relates to a method for diagnosing abnormal operation of a heat engine (1) equipped with a supercharging system, said supercharging system comprising a turbocharger (2) and a mechanical compressor (3) for compressing said a gaseous mixture at the intake of the engine (1) and a bypass circuit arranged in parallel with the mechanical compressor (3) comprising a bypass valve (4).
- a supercharging system comprising a turbocharger (2) and a mechanical compressor (3) for compressing said a gaseous mixture at the intake of the engine (1) and a bypass circuit arranged in parallel with the mechanical compressor (3) comprising a bypass valve (4).
- the abnormal operation of the engine corresponds to a leak in the supercharging system.
- the method for determining the pressure upstream of the mechanical compressor can be used in a control method of a heat engine equipped with a double supercharging.
- the invention also relates to a method of controlling a heat engine (1) equipped with a supercharging system, said supercharging system comprising a turbocharger (2) and a mechanical compressor (3) for compressing a gas mixture to the admission of said motor (1) and a bypass circuit arranged in parallel with said mechanical compressor comprising a bypass controlled valve (4).
- a Bypass sp opening setpoint of the bypass valve (4) is determined by means of the filling model, the boost pressure setpoint Sura P i> P and the pressure and temperature DALY DALY T upstream of the mechanical compressor (3) and the pressure P mral and temperature T mral supercharging;
- bypass valve (4) is controlled according to the Bypass sp opening setpoint of the bypass valve.
- the filling model reflects the filling of the supercharging volume and takes into account the physical phenomena involved for this filling.
- the evolution of the pressure downstream of the mechanical compressor is governed by the filling dynamics of the volume located upstream of the valves.
- This dynamic is written by a formula of the type:
- the flow rates D bp and D cm can be determined in the same way as for the process for determining the pressure P avcm .
- FIG. 1 In order to verify the estimation of the pressure P avcm with the method according to the invention, simulations are carried out for the instrumentation according to the prior art (FIG. 1) and according to the diagram of FIG. 2a), with a mechanical compressor .
- the control method according to the third embodiment of the invention is also simulated for open-loop control and for closed-loop control for the instrumented thermal engine.
- the predetermined threshold S of use of the mechanical compressor (3) is set at 3000 rpm.
- FIGS. 6 to 9, 13a) and 14a) correspond to the open-loop control as described above
- FIGS. 10 to 12 correspond to the closed-loop control as described in the paragraph above.
- FIG. 3a) and 3b) show the results of estimating the pressure upstream of the mechanical compressor (3) at all the operating points of the area of use of the mechanical compressor (3).
- FIG. 3a) shows the points of real values given by a reference model and the points of values given by the method according to the invention. We note that the points of the reference model and the estimated points are superimposed; the estimate is therefore good over the entire operating range.
- Figure 3b) shows the absolute pressure errors in an SME Mean Effective Pressure and Ne. We note that the differences are minimal (between -6 and 16 mbar).
- dispersions are considered for the various sensors and the various components of the supercharging system.
- the purpose of dispersions is to simulate a difference between vehicles when they leave the factory. A sample of one thousand vehicles is considered. The dispersions follow a Gaussian distribution. The dispersions are as follows:
- boost pressure sensor three sigmas at 35 mbar (which means that the probability that the actual value of the pressure is less than 35 mbar of the measured value is 99.7%),
- Atmospheric pressure sensor three sigmas at 35 mbar (same dispersion as the boost pressure sensor),
- Figures 4a) and 4b) correspond to Figures 3a) and 3b) and show the results on all operating points of the mechanical compressor use area of five thousand dispersed tests.
- the light gray dots in the center are the actual values given by the reference model and the black dots are the plus and minus three sigma values. Note that the variation in the estimate is small: the black dots frame the reference points closely.
- Figure 4b) shows the three sigma pressure errors. These results show that the estimate is not very dependent on the reliability of the inputs. The error remains below 60 mbar. Therefore, the control method according to the invention is very robust with respect to dispersions.
- FIG. 5 shows, at each operating point, the origin of the dispersions of the estimation of the pressure upstream of the mechanical compressor.
- Each camembert represents the contribution of the dispersions of each input: Psural supercharging pressure, Tsural supercharging temperature, pressure upstream of the mechanical compressor Pave, flow of the mechanical compressor Dcm and opening of the Bypass bypass valve on the output dispersions.
- the boost pressure is the most influential, especially at the highest loads where the function of Barré Saint Venant is in a zone of strong variation (the pressure difference across the bypass valve is low on these points ). At the lowest loads, we notice that the section of the bypass valve becomes more influential. Indeed, the latter is partially closed in this area to achieve the required boost pressure.
- a position error of the valve can therefore strongly modify the pressure estimate upstream of the mechanical compressor.
- one is interested in the first place in an open-loop control to verify that the estimate produced gives results. equivalent to the prior art. We first look at an undispersed case and then the case in the presence of dispersions on the system. Then, the closed-loop strategy is evaluated on the scattered case.
- FIGS. 6a) to 6c) show successive load taps for speeds of 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000 rpm for the open-loop control method.
- the index 1 corresponds to the determination method according to the invention (without a sensor, FIG. 2a) and the index 2 corresponds to the process with pressure and temperature sensors upstream of the mechanical compressor (FIG. 1).
- Figure 6a) shows the boost pressure set PJ raZ and the supercharging pressures determined according to the prior art and according to the invention. It can be seen that the process for determining the upstream pressure does not affect the speed of the control process.
- FIG. 6b) illustrates the comparison between the pressure upstream of the mechanical compressor by the two methods.
- Figure 6c shows the openings of the bypass valve (4) and the variable geometry turbocharger (2).
- the openings are expressed in%, 0% means that the actuator is closed, while 100% means that the actuator is completely open.
- the position defined by the control method is almost the same for both methods.
- a discrepancy is however noticeable on the position of the bypass valve at the end of the transient at 2000 rpm. This is not detrimental since the pressure difference across the bypass valve is very small at this point.
- Figure 6d shows that the trajectory of the average effective pressure PME is identical for the two methods.
- dispersions are considered for the various sensors and components of the supercharging system.
- the purpose of dispersions is to simulate a difference between vehicles when they leave the factory. A sample of one thousand vehicles is considered. The dispersions follow a Gaussian distribution.
- the dispersions on the sensors are as follows:
- Booster pressure sensor instrumentation according to the prior art: three sigmas at 35 mbar (which means that the probability that the actual value of the pressure is less than 35 mbar of the measured value is 99.7% )
- Pressure sensor upstream mechanical compressor three sigmas at 35 mbar (it should be noted that the two pressure sensors can be recaled between them, the dispersions subsequently applied are identical for these two sensors),
- FIGS. 7a), 8a) and 9a) correspond to the embodiment according to the prior art (FIG. 1 with 4 sensors), FIGS. 7b), 8b) and 9b) correspond to the embodiment according to the invention (FIG. ) without sensor upstream of the mechanical compressor).
- FIGs 7a) and 7b) show the boost pressure trace for both methods.
- sp setpoint
- name response without dispersion
- disp thousand scattered cases
- the dispersions on the boost pressure are important.
- the dispersion is less important at low speeds for which the mechanical compressor is requested. Indeed, the fact of estimating the pressure upstream of the mechanical compressor makes it possible to make this information coherent with respect to the measurement of the boost pressure (which is not the case when using its dispersed measurement).
- Figures 8a) and 8b) represent the pressure upstream of the mechanical compressor on the same tests.
- the curves in thicker lines correspond to the nominal value ("name") whereas the curves in thin line correspond to the thousand scattered cases ("disp"). It is found that the values determined according to the process according to the invention are slightly less dispersed than in the case of the prior art. This confirms the observations made previously.
- FIGS 9a) and 9b) show the position of the actuators on the same tests.
- the dispersions obtained are of the same order as for the supercharging pressures and upstream mechanical compressor.
- the open loop control method using the determination method according to the invention is robust to dispersions and is even a little more robust than the same control method using pressure measurements.
- Figures 10a) to 12b) correspond to Figures 7a) to 9b) for which the control method is a closed loop control.
- FIGS 7a) and 7b) show the supercharging pressure trace. Both methods (with and without sensor) give similar results in terms of trajectory tracking.
- FIGS. 8a) and 8b) as well as FIGS. 9a) and 9b) show the upstream pressure of the mechanical compressor and the position of the actuators. We can still see that the results are similar for both methods.
- Figures 13a) to 14b) give the excess D and the response time Tr at 95% of the supercharging pressure on the thousand scattered tests.
- Figures 13a) and 14a) correspond to the closed-loop control using the determination method according to the prior art.
- Figures 13b) and 14b) correspond to the closed-loop control using the determination method according to the invention.
- the horizontal lines of the rectangles define the second quartile, the median and the third quartile.
- the lines outside the rectangle represent the three-sigma interval (99.7% of the points are in the range).
- the points defined by crosses are marginal points.
- the overshoot values D and the response time Tr are slightly worse for the process according to the invention, but remain acceptable. This is explained by the transient estimation differences.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1202419A FR2995354B1 (fr) | 2012-09-11 | 2012-09-11 | Procede de determination d'une pression en amont d'un compresseur pour un moteur equipe d'une double suralimentation |
PCT/FR2013/051929 WO2014041272A1 (fr) | 2012-09-11 | 2013-08-12 | Procede de determination d'une pression en amont d'un compresseur pour un|moteur a combustion interne equipe d'une double suralimentation |
Publications (1)
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EP2895722A1 true EP2895722A1 (fr) | 2015-07-22 |
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EP13762169.4A Withdrawn EP2895722A1 (fr) | 2012-09-11 | 2013-08-12 | Procede de determination d'une pression en amont d'un compresseur pour un!moteur a combustion interne equipe d'une double suralimentation |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US9739281B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2895722A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2995354B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2014041272A1 (fr) |
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- 2013-08-12 WO PCT/FR2013/051929 patent/WO2014041272A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2013-08-12 EP EP13762169.4A patent/EP2895722A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2014041272A1 (fr) | 2014-03-20 |
FR2995354A1 (fr) | 2014-03-14 |
US20150240826A1 (en) | 2015-08-27 |
US9739281B2 (en) | 2017-08-22 |
FR2995354B1 (fr) | 2014-09-12 |
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