EP2893539B1 - Dispositif de prélèvement passif de tritium - Google Patents

Dispositif de prélèvement passif de tritium Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2893539B1
EP2893539B1 EP13760009.4A EP13760009A EP2893539B1 EP 2893539 B1 EP2893539 B1 EP 2893539B1 EP 13760009 A EP13760009 A EP 13760009A EP 2893539 B1 EP2893539 B1 EP 2893539B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sampling
openings
cover
tritium
centre
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP13760009.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2893539A1 (fr
Inventor
Pédro CALDEIRA IDEIAS
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Institut de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleaire (IRSN)
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Institut de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleaire (IRSN)
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Publication of EP2893539A1 publication Critical patent/EP2893539A1/fr
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/02—Treating gases

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the study and monitoring of radionuclides in the environment, including devices for trapping and measuring a quantity of tritium contained in the air.
  • FIG. figure 1 Devices for trapping tritium contained in the air are already known, cf. the document EP 0 383 049 A1 .
  • Known devices include bubblers, an example of which is schematically illustrated in FIG. figure 1 , comprising pots filled with water 11 in which an air flow F is injected at a very low flow rate - on the order of 30 liters per hour on average - over a period of several days.
  • the tritium contained in the air is trapped by exchange in the water contained in the different pots 11. It is then analyzed to obtain an indication of the average activity of tritium in the air during the sampling period.
  • This device nevertheless has disadvantages.
  • it is an "active" device, that is to say that requires a permanent supply of energy, which represents a material constraint.
  • This device is also expensive and requires maintenance interventions.
  • the amount of tritium contained in the water vapor initially present in the air is greatly diluted since it is mixed with the volume of water contained in the pots, this dilution limiting the sensitivity of the measurement.
  • FIG. 2 Another type of tritium trapping device has been developed, illustrated schematically in figure 2 , consisting in condensing the water vapor contained in the air, to recover the tritium present in the air in the form of tritiated water.
  • This device 20 is an open system comprising a duct 21 bathed in the ambient air, represented in the form of an air flow F, in which circulates a gas g liquefied at a negative temperature, and on which the water vapor present is condensed. in the air in contact with the pipe.
  • the device further comprises a ventilation 22 to ensure the renewal of ambient air near the pipe.
  • the condensed water Ec can be recovered to analyze the quantity of tritium that it contains.
  • This type of device makes it possible to take air samples over shorter periods (less than one hour), and therefore does not make it possible to obtain an average value of the quantity of tritium present in the air over periods of the order of the week or more.
  • This device has the disadvantages of being an active system, expensive to use and difficult to implement.
  • this device is passive, that is to say it does not require any source of energy. It comprises a reservoir 31 inside which is placed a cylinder of adsorbent material 32, adapted to take tritium contained in the air by adsorption.
  • this device does not have the same efficiency of sampling tritium throughout the duration of the sampling. Indeed, the adsorbent material quickly reaches, after a period of three to four days, to a state of saturation in the surface layers of the absorbent material, in contact with the environment. This prevents the results from being exploited to derive an average activity of tritium in the environment during a sampling period exceeding the saturation threshold, typically 15 days.
  • the invention aims to overcome at least one of the disadvantages mentioned above.
  • An object of the invention is thus to propose a passive device for sampling tritium in a gaseous environment, making it possible to obtain a value of the average activity of tritium throughout the sampling.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an economical tritium sampling device, easy and fast to deploy in an environment.
  • the invention proposes a device for sampling tritium present in a gaseous environment according to claim 1.
  • the invention also proposes a method of sampling tritium in a gaseous environment according to claim 9.
  • Such a device comprises a reservoir 110, in fluid communication with the environment E, so that once the device placed in the environment E, a part E 'thereof is inside the reservoir.
  • adsorbent material 120 In the tank 110 is placed a quantity of adsorbent material 120.
  • the adsorbent material preferably comprises zeolite (molecular sieve) beads, but alternatively may comprise silica gel or activated carbon.
  • This material when it is in contact with the gaseous environment E 'inside the device 100, makes it possible to adsorb the tritium contained therein.
  • the device 100 very advantageously comprises a membrane or a cover 130 attached to the tank 110, in which are formed one or more communication openings 131, allowing the communication of fluid between the environment E and the tank 110.
  • This fluid communication can also be achieved by the use of a porous membrane (not shown) placed on the reservoir, allowing gas exchange between the reservoir and the environment E.
  • the Applicant has found, surprisingly, that a phenomenon of saturation of the adsorbent material during the sampling can be avoided by adapting the geometry of the communication opening or openings 131, both in cumulated total surface, in position or disposition openings.
  • the total area of the communication opening 131 between the device and the environment is preferably less than 600 mm 2 , and very advantageously less than 200 mm 2 , in order to be able to ensure a linear sampling throughout its duration.
  • the cover 130 is preferably circular, and the reservoir 110 advantageously has symmetrical side walls 111 around an axis X-X of the reservoir, the cover being centered on said axis.
  • the tank 110 may be a solid of revolution about said axis.
  • this opening is preferably circular and centered on the axis XX, as shown in FIG. figure 5a .
  • the openings are advantageously circular and positioned at the top of a regular polygon centered on the axis XX, as the pentagon represented in FIG. figure 5b .
  • An additional opening may also be in the center of the cover 130 as in figure 5c .
  • Additional openings may also be located at the midpoints of one or more sides of the polygon.
  • the polygon is a square, all sides have an opening in the middle.
  • Additional openings may also be provided on one or more diagonals of the polygon so that the openings of said diagonal are regularly distributed, as is the case in figure 5e .
  • the openings can also be randomly or spirally distributed on the lid.
  • all the openings arranged in a cover 130 are circular and of the same diameter.
  • the number of openings and their diameter are adapted to obtain a cumulative surface area of less than 400 mm 2 , for example, in the case of a sampling of a duration of between 2 and 10 days.
  • the cumulative surface area of the openings is advantageously less than 200 mm 2 , preferably less than 190 mm 2 .
  • the cumulative surface area of the openings may be greater than 400 mm 2 , advantageously greater than 1000 mm 2 .
  • the Applicant has also found, surprisingly, that the fact that the adsorbent material is shaped in the tank so as to have a surface of exchange of revolution with the gaseous environment E 'present in the tank, helps to avoid a saturation state of the adsorbent.
  • the material has a surface of exchange of revolution about the axis XX of the reservoir, this exchange surface being cylindrical, as in figure 4a , or conic, as in figure 4b .
  • the exchange surface may also have a cone section shape, as in figure 4c .
  • a permeable wall 140 is used, pressed against the adsorbent material so that it is held between the walls of the reservoir and the wall.
  • the shape of the exchange surface of the adsorbent material with the environment E ' is thus defined by the permeable wall 140.
  • the wall 140 is advantageously a grid whose characteristic size of the holes is smaller than the characteristic size of the grains of the adsorbent material.
  • the cone section geometry conforms to the figure 4c is preferred because it makes it possible to ensure the linearity of the sample, even under conditions of high humidity, up to 90%.
  • the experiment was conducted with the truncated cone geometry of the figure 7a , in which the diameter of the cone section at the base is 4 cm, at its upper end, at the opening 131, is 7.5 cm, and the height of the cone is 10 cm.
  • the two devices have a sampling rate of 2.0 ⁇ 0.1 g H 2 0.day -1 and 0.3 ⁇ 0.1 g H 2 O.day -1, respectively . This also makes it possible to ensure a sufficient withdrawal of tritiated water, including for a short duration, for example 24 hours, especially in case of crisis.
  • adsorbent material of molecular sieve type for example zeolite
  • a frustoconical geometry such as that of the figure 4c .
  • the cumulative surface of the openings 131 of the lid is equal to 250 mm 2 .
  • a desired sampling time is first determined, for example 2, 10 or 15 days.
  • the geometry of the communication apertures 131 in arrangement and cumulative surface area
  • a shape is chosen for the adsorbent material (cone, cone section or cylinder).
  • the device is placed in the environment for the duration of the sampling.
  • the adsorbent material did not reach saturation, but on the contrary adsorbed linearly the tritium present in the environment. It is therefore possible to deduce from the total amount of tritium adsorbed during the sampling an average amount of tritium present in the environment during this sampling.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
EP13760009.4A 2012-09-05 2013-09-05 Dispositif de prélèvement passif de tritium Active EP2893539B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1258303A FR2994860B1 (fr) 2012-09-05 2012-09-05 Dispositif de prelevement passif de tritium
PCT/EP2013/068400 WO2014037461A1 (fr) 2012-09-05 2013-09-05 Dispositif de prelevement passif de tritium

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2893539A1 EP2893539A1 (fr) 2015-07-15
EP2893539B1 true EP2893539B1 (fr) 2017-01-18

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ID=47666203

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13760009.4A Active EP2893539B1 (fr) 2012-09-05 2013-09-05 Dispositif de prélèvement passif de tritium

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2893539B1 (es)
CA (1) CA2884228C (es)
ES (1) ES2620783T3 (es)
FR (1) FR2994860B1 (es)
WO (1) WO2014037461A1 (es)

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2985437A1 (fr) * 2012-01-10 2013-07-12 Alstom Technology Ltd Procede de filtration d'effluents gazeux d'une installation industrielle

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3986835A (en) * 1971-11-27 1976-10-19 Sinloihi Company Limited Ventilation hood for use in the preparation of labelled compounds
US4964900A (en) * 1989-01-25 1990-10-23 Mine Safety Appliances Company Respirator filter means for removal of tritiated water
US5080693A (en) * 1991-03-26 1992-01-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Tritium monitor and collection system

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2985437A1 (fr) * 2012-01-10 2013-07-12 Alstom Technology Ltd Procede de filtration d'effluents gazeux d'une installation industrielle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2994860A1 (fr) 2014-03-07
CA2884228A1 (fr) 2014-03-13
ES2620783T3 (es) 2017-06-29
EP2893539A1 (fr) 2015-07-15
WO2014037461A1 (fr) 2014-03-13
FR2994860B1 (fr) 2014-08-22
CA2884228C (fr) 2020-09-22

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