EP2890904B1 - Hydraulic energy recovery system - Google Patents

Hydraulic energy recovery system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2890904B1
EP2890904B1 EP13744441.0A EP13744441A EP2890904B1 EP 2890904 B1 EP2890904 B1 EP 2890904B1 EP 13744441 A EP13744441 A EP 13744441A EP 2890904 B1 EP2890904 B1 EP 2890904B1
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Prior art keywords
motor
pump
energy
storage device
recovery system
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2890904A1 (en
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Mikko Erkkilä
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Hydac Technology GmbH
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Hydac Technology GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B1/00—Installations or systems with accumulators; Supply reservoir or sump assemblies
    • F15B1/02—Installations or systems with accumulators
    • F15B1/024—Installations or systems with accumulators used as a supplementary power source, e.g. to store energy in idle periods to balance pump load
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B21/00—Common features of fluid actuator systems; Fluid-pressure actuator systems or details thereof, not covered by any other group of this subclass
    • F15B21/14—Energy-recuperation means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F15B13/04—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor
    • F15B13/0401—Valve members; Fluid interconnections therefor
    • F15B2013/041—Valve members; Fluid interconnections therefor with two positions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
    • F15B2211/2053—Type of pump
    • F15B2211/20546—Type of pump variable capacity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
    • F15B2211/2053—Type of pump
    • F15B2211/20569—Type of pump capable of working as pump and motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
    • F15B2211/20576—Systems with pumps with multiple pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/21—Systems with pressure sources other than pumps, e.g. with a pyrotechnical charge
    • F15B2211/212—Systems with pressure sources other than pumps, e.g. with a pyrotechnical charge the pressure sources being accumulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/21—Systems with pressure sources other than pumps, e.g. with a pyrotechnical charge
    • F15B2211/214—Systems with pressure sources other than pumps, e.g. with a pyrotechnical charge the pressure sources being hydrotransformers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/265—Control of multiple pressure sources
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/80—Other types of control related to particular problems or conditions
    • F15B2211/88—Control measures for saving energy

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein hydraulisches Energierückgewinnungssystem mit den Merkmalen im Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1.The invention relates to a hydraulic energy recovery system having the features in the preamble of claim 1.

Im Hinblick auf die Verknappung der Ressourcen und die zunehmende CO2-Belastung der Umwelt kommen z.B. in der Fahrzeugtechnik zunehmend hybride Antriebssysteme zur Anwendung. Bei derzeitig im Einsatz befindlichen Systemen handelt es sich zumeist um elektromotorische Hybride, bei denen bei Bremsvorgängen gewonnene elektrische Energie gespeichert wird und aus der gespeicherten Energie Antriebsenergie wieder umgewandelt wird, um das Fahrzeug im Fahrbetrieb und insbesondere bei Beschleunigungsvorgängen zu unterstützen. Dadurch ergibt sich die Möglichkeit, für vergleichbare Fahrleistungen die Antriebsleistung des als Primärantrieb dienenden Verbrennungsmotors herabzusetzen. Ein derartiges "down sizing" führt nicht nur zu einer Verbrauchssenkung, sondern eröffnet auch die Möglichkeit, betreffende Fahrzeuge einer einer niedrigeren Leistungsklasse entsprechenden, günstigeren Schadstoffklasse zuzuordnen. Ein großer Nachteil elektromotorischer Hybride ist aber der Energieverlust, der sich durch die Umwandlungsschritte von mechanischer Energie in elektrische Energie und zurück ergibt. Der Energieverlust kann bis zu 66 % betragen.In view of the scarcity of resources and the increasing CO 2 pollution of the environment, hybrid drive systems are increasingly being used in vehicle technology, for example. The systems currently in use are mostly electric motor hybrids in which electrical energy obtained during braking is stored and drive energy is reconverted from the stored energy in order to assist the vehicle during driving and in particular during acceleration processes. This results in the possibility of reducing the drive power of the internal combustion engine serving as the primary drive for comparable performance. Such a "down sizing" not only leads to a reduction in fuel consumption, but also opens up the possibility of allocating relevant vehicles to a lower emission class corresponding to a lower emission class. However, a major drawback of electric motor hybrids is the energy loss that results from the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy and back. The energy loss can be up to 66%.

Wegen der hohen Energiedichte und des kompakten Aufbaus hydraulischer Systeme lassen sich diese Ziele auch durch ein hydraulisches Hybridsystem erreichen. Um zusätzliches Antriebsdrehmoment auch bei niedrigen Drehzahlen und von der Null-Drehzahl ausgehend für Beschleunigungsvorgänge zur Verfügung zu stellen und um bei Bremsvorgängen die Bremswirkung zu unterstützen, wird hierbei hydraulische Energie in einen Hydrospeicher mittels einer Motor-Pumpen-Einheit gespeichert, um bei Bedarf den Motorbetrieb der Motor-Pumpen-Einheit zur Rückumwandlung zu nutzen. Ein derartiges hydrostatisches Antriebssystem mit Rückgewinnung von Bremsenergie wurde von der Anmelderin bereits in der WO 2011/116914 offenbart.Due to the high energy density and the compact structure of hydraulic systems, these goals can be achieved by a hydraulic hybrid system. In order to provide additional drive torque, even at low speeds and from the zero speed starting for acceleration operations and to assist in braking the braking effect, this hydraulic energy is stored in a hydraulic accumulator by means of a motor-pump unit to the engine operation if necessary to use the motor-pump unit for back conversion. Such a hydrostatic drive system with recovery of braking energy has already been described by the Applicant in the WO 2011/116914 disclosed.

Es hat sich aber gezeigt, dass aufgrund der geringeren Verlustleistung im hydraulischen System im Vergleich zu elektromotorischen Hybriden sehr viel überschüssige Energie in den Hydrospeichern gespeichert wird. Es besteht daher die Forderung seitens der Anwender, diese überschüssige Energie auch für andere Zwecke nutzbar zu machen.However, it has been shown that due to the lower power loss in the hydraulic system compared to electromotive hybrids very much excess energy is stored in the hydraulic accumulators. There is therefore a requirement on the part of the users to use this excess energy for other purposes as well.

Die DE 20 2009 004 071 U1 beschreibt ein hydraulisches Energierückgewinnungssystem mit einer von einer Antriebseinheit betätigbaren Abtriebseinheit, durch welche eine hydraulische Motor-Pumpen-Einheit antreibbar ist, die in mindestens einer Energieeinspeisestellung eine Energie-Speichereinrichtung und/oder eine Arbeitshydraulik mit Fluid versorgt; und in einer Rekuperationsstellung unter Druck stehendes Fluid aus der Energie-Speichereinrichtung zumindest an die Arbeitshydraulik abgibt und/oder zur Betätigung der Abtriebseinheit verwendet, wobei eine hydraulische Versorgungspumpe von der Abtriebseinheit parallel zur Motor-Pumpen-Einheit antreibbar ist, wobei die Versorgungspumpe auf ihrer Ausgangsseite die Arbeitshydraulik versorgt und über diese Ausgangsseite an einen Versorgungsanschluss der Motor-Pumpen-Einheit angeschlossen ist.The DE 20 2009 004 071 U1 describes a hydraulic energy recovery system comprising a drive unit operable by a drive unit through which a hydraulic motor-pump unit is driven, which supplies in at least one energy supply position, an energy storage device and / or a working hydraulics with fluid; and in a recuperation position pressurized fluid from the energy storage device at least to the working hydraulics and / or used to actuate the output unit, wherein a hydraulic supply pump from the output unit parallel to the motor-pump unit is driven, the supply pump on its output side the working hydraulics are supplied and connected via this output side to a supply connection of the motor-pump unit.

Der Erfindung liegt daher, ausgehend vom aufgezeigten Stand der Technik, die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein verbessertes hydraulisches Energierückgewinnungssystem aufzuzeigen, bei welchem die gespeicherte Energie auf vielfache Weise verwendbar ist.The invention is therefore, starting from the cited prior art, the object of demonstrating an improved hydraulic energy recovery system, in which the stored energy is used in many ways.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein hydraulisches Energierückgewinnungssystem mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen des Energierückgewinnungssystems gehen aus den Unteransprüchen hervor.This object is achieved by a hydraulic energy recovery system having the features of patent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the energy recovery system will become apparent from the dependent claims.

Gemäß dem Kennzeichen von Anspruch 1 ist vorgesehen, dass die Versorgungspumpe eine Load-Sensing-Pumpe ist, die von der Arbeitshydraulik ansteuerbar ist. Auf diese Weise wird der erforderliche Steueraufwand für die Versorgungspumpe minimiert. Abhängig von der an der Arbeitshydraulik nachgefragten Last wird somit die Versorgungspumpe geregelt, um stets eine ausreichende Versorgung der nachgeschalteten Einheiten mit Energie zu gewährleisten.According to the characterizing part of claim 1, provision is made for the supply pump to be a load-sensing pump which can be activated by the working hydraulics. In this way, the required control effort for the supply pump is minimized. Depending on the load demanded at the work hydraulics, the supply pump is thus regulated in order to always ensure sufficient supply of the downstream units with energy.

Das erfindungsgemäße hydraulische Energierückgewinnungssystem weist eine von einer Antriebseinheit betätigbare Abtriebseinheit, insbesondere eine Welle, auf, durch welche eine hydraulische Motor-Pumpen-Einheit antreibbar ist. Die Motor-Pumpen-Einheit versorgt in mindestens einer Einspeisestellung eine Energie-Speichereinrichtung und/oder eine Arbeitshydraulik mit Fluid. Darüber hinaus gibt die Motor-Pumpen-Einheit in einer so genannten Rekuperations- oder Energierückgewinnungsstellung unter Druck stehendes Fluid aus der Energie-Speichereinrichtung zumindest an eine Arbeitshydraulik ab und/oder verwendet es zur Betätigung der Abtriebseinheit.The hydraulic energy recovery system according to the invention has an output unit which can be actuated by a drive unit, in particular a shaft, through which a hydraulic motor-pump unit can be driven. The motor-pump unit supplies in at least one feed position an energy storage device and / or a working hydraulics with fluid. In addition, in a so-called recuperation or energy recovery position, the motor-pump unit discharges pressurized fluid from the energy storage device to at least one working hydraulics and / or uses it to actuate the output unit.

Auf diese Weise kann beispielsweise Bremsenergie der Abtriebseinheit, beispielsweise von der Antriebseinheit in Form eines Motors kommend, in der Energie-Speichereinrichtung gespeichert werden. Dabei kann bereits die Abtriebseinheit durch das hydraulische Energierückgewinnungssystem vorteilhaft abgebremst oder verzögert werden. Die in der Energie-Speichereinrichtung gespeicherte Energie kann dann in an sich bekannter Weise verwendet werden, um sie wieder an die Abtriebseinheit zurück zu geben. Erfindungsgemäß kann die in der Energie-Speichereinrichtung gespeicherte Energie in Form eines unter Druck stehenden Fluids aber auch dazu benutzt werden, um beispielsweise eine Arbeitshydraulik zu versorgen.In this way, for example, braking energy of the output unit, for example coming from the drive unit in the form of a motor, are stored in the energy storage device. Already the Output unit can be advantageously braked or delayed by the hydraulic energy recovery system. The energy stored in the energy storage device can then be used in a manner known per se in order to return it to the output unit. According to the invention, the energy stored in the energy storage device in the form of a pressurized fluid can also be used to supply, for example, a working hydraulics.

Während der Betriebsdauer von Motoren ergeben sich oftmals auch Perioden, in denen die verfügbare Leistung des Motors nicht vollständig benötigt wird. In diesen Situationen ist es wünschenswert, die Energie in einem Speicher zwischenzuspeichern. Auf diese Weise kann ein Motor vorteilhaft auf einem annähernd gleichbleibenden Drehzahl- und/oder Belastungsniveau betrieben werden. Die zwischengespeicherte Energie kann dazu zu Zeiten von Lastspitzen wieder aus der Energie-Speichereinrichtung abgerufen werden. Dies ist auch hinsichtlich der Auslegung des Motors relevant, weil dieser lediglich zur Erbringung einer Durchschnittsleistung und nicht auf einen Spitzenleistungsbedarf hin ausgelegt werden muss.During the operating life of engines often result in periods in which the available power of the engine is not fully needed. In these situations, it is desirable to buffer the energy in a memory. In this way, a motor can be advantageously operated at an approximately constant speed and / or load level. The cached energy can be retrieved from the energy storage device at times of peak loads. This is also relevant to the design of the engine because it only needs to be designed to provide average power rather than peak power demand.

Die besonderen Vorteile des Systems liegen in der Einfachheit der Konstruktion und in der Universalität der Verwendbarkeit der gespeicherten Energie. Es gibt nur geringe Druckverluste im hydraulischen System, da die Anzahl der Ventile gegenüber vergleichbaren, im Stand der Technik bekannten Systemen minimiert ist. Damit ist der Wirkungsgrad des Systems sehr hoch.The particular advantages of the system lie in the simplicity of the design and in the universality of the usability of the stored energy. There are only slight pressure drops in the hydraulic system, as the number of valves is minimized over comparable systems known in the art. Thus, the efficiency of the system is very high.

Die in der Energie-Speichereinrichtung zwischengespeicherte Energie kann, wie bereits dargelegt, zur Versorgung der Arbeitshydraulik verwendet werden. Dadurch kann die Pumpe für die Arbeitshydraulik kleiner dimensioniert werden und es ergibt sich ein geringerer Fluidfluss über den Tank, so dass dieser auch kleiner ausfallen kann.The cached in the energy storage device energy can, as already stated, be used to supply the working hydraulics. As a result, the pump can be dimensioned smaller for the working hydraulics and results in a lower fluid flow through the tank so that it can also be smaller.

Ein weiterer Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Energierückgewinnungssystems ist, dass es selbst größten Druckunterschieden standhält und diese in der Energie-Speichereinrichtung zwischen zu speichern vermag.Another advantage of the energy recovery system according to the invention is that it withstands even the largest pressure differences and is able to store them in the energy storage device between.

Darüber hinaus kann in der Energie-Speichereinrichtung Energie aus der Arbeitshydraulik oder direkt von einer Versorgungspumpe kommend gespeichert werden.In addition, energy can be stored in the energy storage device from the working hydraulics or directly from a supply pump.

Weiterhin arbeitet das System als Hydrotransformator, durch welchen die unterschiedlichen Drücke in der Energie-Speichereinrichtung und in der Arbeitshydraulik in entsprechende Volumenströme eines Fluids transformiert werden.Furthermore, the system operates as a hydraulic transformer, by which the different pressures in the energy storage device and in the working hydraulics are transformed into corresponding volume flows of a fluid.

Von der Abtriebseinheit ist eine hydraulische Versorgungspumpe parallel zur Motor-Pumpen-Einheit antreibbar, wobei die Versorgungspumpe auf ihrer Ausgangsseite die Arbeitshydraulik versorgt und über diese Ausgangsseite an einen Versorgungsanschluss der Motor-Pumpen-Einheit angeschlossen ist. Durch die hydraulische Versorgungspumpe kann vorteilhaft die Grundversorgung der Arbeitshydraulik mit Hydraulikfluid sichergestellt werden. Darüber hinaus kann durch die Versorgungspumpe der Motor-Pumpen-Einheit zusätzliches Fluid zugeführt werden, so dass etwaige Abgangs- oder Leckageverluste wieder ausgeglichen werden können.From the output unit, a hydraulic supply pump can be driven parallel to the motor-pump unit, wherein the supply pump is supplied on its output side, the working hydraulics and is connected via this output side to a supply connection of the motor-pump unit. The hydraulic supply pump can advantageously ensure the basic supply of the working hydraulics with hydraulic fluid. In addition, additional fluid can be supplied by the supply pump of the motor-pump unit, so that any leakage or leakage losses can be compensated again.

Das Energierückgewinnungssystem ist vorteilhaft dahingehend optimiert, dass bei einem größeren Fördervolumen der Versorgungspumpe gegenüber einem Schluckvolumen der Motor-Pumpen-Einheit der höhere Ausgangsdruck von Versorgungspumpe oder Motor-Pumpen-Einheit an der Arbeitshydraulik ansteht. Auch diese Maßnahme dient dazu, immer eine ausreichende Versorgung mit Fluid bei einem hohen Druck sicherzustellen.The energy recovery system is advantageously optimized so that at a larger delivery volume of the supply pump relative to a displacement of the motor-pump unit, the higher output pressure of supply pump or motor-pump unit is present at the working hydraulics. This measure also serves to ensure always a sufficient supply of fluid at a high pressure.

Auf besonders zweckmäßige Weise wird ein Hydrotransformator durch die Motor-Pumpen-Einheit und die Versorgungspumpe gebildet, so dass mehr Energie in die Energie-Speichereinrichtung im Vergleich zur Einspeisung allein durch die Motor-Pumpen-Einheit einspeicherbar ist. Hierbei steigert oder "boostet" die Versorgungspumpe die Leistung der Motor-Pumpen-Einheit. Mit anderen Worten stellt sie Fluid bei einem höheren Druck als dem atmosphärischen Tankdruck zur Verfügung, so dass die Motor-Pumpen-Einheit mehr Fluid bei einem höheren Druck in die Energie-Speichereinrichtung pumpen kann.In a particularly expedient manner, a hydraulic transformer is formed by the motor-pump unit and the supply pump, so that more Energy in the energy storage device compared to the feed can be stored by the motor-pump unit alone. This increases or "boosts" the supply pump, the performance of the motor-pump unit. In other words, it provides fluid at a higher pressure than the atmospheric tank pressure so that the motor-pump unit can pump more fluid at a higher pressure into the energy storage device.

Eine Versorgungsleitung von der Motor-Pumpen-Einheit kann in eine Druckleitung von der Versorgungspumpe zur Arbeitshydraulik münden, wobei in diese Versorgungsleitung ein Prioritätsventil geschaltet ist, welches vorzugsweise als 2/2-Wege-Schaltventil ausgebildet ist. Das Prioritätsventil kann auch in Form eines hydraulischen Stromteilers in der Druckleitung ausgebildet sein. Ein solcher hydraulischer Stromteiler kann vorteilhaft unabhängig von den an ihm jeweils anstehenden Differenzdrücken einen zugeführten Fluidvolumenstrom in konstante, gleiche Teilmengen aufteilen und den nachgeschalteten Verbrauchern zuleiten. Abhängig von der Schaltung des Prioritätsventils kann deshalb die Energie von der Versorgungspumpe auch vollständig in die Arbeitshydraulik eingespeist werden. Ein in einer Sperrstellung wirkendes Rückschlagventil im Prioritätsventil sorgt dafür, dass lediglich Energie aus der Energie-Speichereinrichtung bzw. von der Motor-Pumpen-Einheit kommend in die Arbeitshydraulik eingespeist wird, nicht aber Fluid von der Versorgungspumpe in Richtung Motor-Pumpen-Einheit gefördert werden kann. Auf diese Weise unterstützt die Motor-Pumpeneinheit gegebenenfalls die Förderleistung der Versorgungspumpe.A supply line from the motor-pump unit can open into a pressure line from the supply pump to the working hydraulics, wherein in this supply line, a priority valve is connected, which is preferably designed as a 2/2-way switching valve. The priority valve may also be designed in the form of a hydraulic flow divider in the pressure line. Such a hydraulic flow divider can advantageously be divided into constant, equal subsets and forward the downstream consumers regardless of the respective differential pressures present at him. Depending on the circuit of the priority valve, therefore, the energy from the supply pump can also be completely fed into the working hydraulics. An acting in a blocking position check valve in the priority valve ensures that only energy from the energy storage device or coming from the motor-pump unit is fed into the working hydraulics, but not funded by the supply pump fluid pump motor unit can. In this way, the motor-pump unit optionally supports the delivery of the supply pump.

Ein Drucksensor kann an die Druckleitung zwecks Druckwerterfassung für eine zentrale Steuereinheit (Central Processing Unit, CPU) angeschlossen sein. Auf diese Weise kann das System optimal gesteuert werden und insbesondere können schädliche Überdrücke im System durch entsprechende Nachregelung der übrigen Komponenten vermieden werden.A pressure sensor may be connected to the pressure line for pressure sensing for a central processing unit (CPU). In this way, the system can be optimally controlled and in particular harmful excess pressures in the system can be avoided by appropriate readjustment of the other components.

Zweckmäßigerweise bilden die Motor-Pumpen-Einheit, die Energie-Speichereinrichtung und die Versorgungsleitungen einen hydraulischen Nebenzweig. Ein solcher hydraulischer Nebenzweig wird in Fachkreisen auch als "Closed Loop System" bezeichnet. Dieser Nebenzweig kann beispielsweise als Pumpe zur Versorgung der Arbeitshydraulik und etwaiger weiterer angeschlossener hydraulischer Verbraucher dienen und die Energie hierfür von der Abtriebseinheit und/oder aus der Energie-Speichereinrichtung entnehmen. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann der Nebenzweig als Motor, z.B. zur Betätigung der Antriebseinrichtung, der Versorgungspumpe und/oder weiterer angeschlossener Aggregate herangezogen werden.Conveniently, the motor-pump unit, the energy storage device and the supply lines form a hydraulic secondary branch. Such a hydraulic secondary branch is also referred to in professional circles as a "closed loop system". This secondary branch can serve, for example, as a pump for supplying the working hydraulics and any further connected hydraulic consumers and extracting the energy for this from the output unit and / or from the energy storage device. Alternatively or additionally, the sidelobe may be used as a motor, e.g. be used for actuating the drive device, the supply pump and / or other connected units.

Hierzu ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Motor-Pumpen-Einheit einen 4-Quadranten-Betrieb ermöglicht und vorzugsweise elektrisch von der zentralen Steuereinheit (CPU) ansteuerbar ist. Durch den 4-Quadranten-Betrieb kann individuell und richtungsunabhängig Energie umgewandelt werden. Beispielsweise wird kinetische Energie von der Abtriebseinheit kommend in hydraulische Energie umgesetzt oder hydraulische Energie in kinetische Energie umgewandelt. Damit leistet der 4-Quadranten-Betrieb einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur universellen Einsetzbarkeit des Energierückgewinnungsystems.For this purpose, it is advantageous if the motor-pump unit allows a 4-quadrant operation and is preferably electrically controlled by the central control unit (CPU). Thanks to the 4-quadrant operation, energy can be individually and directionally converted. For example, kinetic energy coming from the output unit is converted into hydraulic energy or hydraulic energy is converted into kinetic energy. Thus, the 4-quadrant operation makes a significant contribution to the universal applicability of the energy recovery system.

Zweckmäßigerweise ist ein Druckhalteventil in die Versorgungsleitung von der Motor-Pumpen-Einheit zur Energie-Speichereinrichtung geschaltet, welches vorzugsweise als 2/2-Wege-Schaltventil ausgebildet ist. Durch das Druckhalteventil kann ein in der Energie-Speichereinrichtung aufgebautes Druckniveau solange gehalten werden, bis es wieder benötigt wird.Conveniently, a pressure-maintaining valve is connected in the supply line from the motor-pump unit to the energy storage device, which is preferably designed as a 2/2-way switching valve. By the pressure holding valve, a pressure level built up in the energy storage device can be kept until it is needed again.

Weiterhin kann ein Drucksensor an die Versorgungsleitung zwischen dem Druckhalteventil und der Energie-Speichereinrichtung zwecks Druckwerterfassung für die zentrale Steuereinheit (CPU) angeschlossen sein.Furthermore, a pressure sensor may be connected to the supply line between the pressure holding valve and the energy storage device for the purpose of pressure value detection for the central control unit (CPU).

Die Energie-Speichereinrichtung ist zumindest durch einen Hydrospeicher, vorzugsweise in Form eines Blasen- oder Kolbenspeichers, gebildet.The energy storage device is formed at least by a hydraulic accumulator, preferably in the form of a bubble or piston accumulator.

Die Erfindung ist nachfolgend anhand von zwei in Figuren dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein stark schematisch vereinfachtes Schaltbild eines hydraulischen Energierückgewinnungssystems; und
Fig. 2
ein Schaltbild eines mit weiteren Komponenten ausgestatteten, erfindungsgemäßen Energierückgewinnungssystems.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to two embodiments shown in FIGS. Show it:
Fig. 1
a highly schematically simplified circuit diagram of a hydraulic energy recovery system; and
Fig. 2
a diagram of an equipped with other components, energy recovery system according to the invention.

Die in der Fig. 1 gezeigte Ausführungsform dient hierbei nur der Erläuterung des Hintergrundes der Erfindung und ist nicht Gegenstand eines Anspruches.The in the Fig. 1 embodiment shown here only serves to explain the background of the invention and is not the subject of a claim.

In Fig. 1 ist ein herkömmliches Energierückgewinnungssystem 101 und in Fig. 2 ein erfindungsgemäßes Energierückgewinnungssystem 201 gezeigt. Von einer Antriebseinheit 102, 202 ist eine Abtriebseinheit 103, 203, insbesondere in Form einer Welle, betätigbar. Der Antrieb der Abtriebseinheit 103, 203 kann hierbei wie gezeigt direkt oder indirekt, beispielsweise über ein nicht dargestelltes Getriebe oder Antriebsräder, erfolgen. An die Abtriebseinheit 103, 203 ist eine hydraulische Motor-Pumpen-Einheit 104, 204 angeschlossen. Durch die Motor-Pumpen-Einheit 104, 204 wird die Rotationsenergie der Welle 103, 203 in hydraulische Energie umgewandelt.In Fig. 1 is a conventional energy recovery system 101 and in Fig. 2 an energy recovery system 201 according to the invention is shown. From a drive unit 102, 202, an output unit 103, 203, in particular in the form of a shaft, can be actuated. The drive of the output unit 103, 203 can here as shown directly or indirectly, for example via a not shown gear or drive wheels done. To the output unit 103, 203, a hydraulic motor-pump unit 104, 204 is connected. By the motor-pump unit 104, 204, the rotational energy of the shaft 103, 203 is converted into hydraulic energy.

Die Motor-Pumpen-Einheit 104, 204 ist in einem 4-Quadranten-Betrieb in mehreren Stellungen abhängig vom Schwenkwinkel betreibbar. Der Schwenkwinkel wird dabei von einer zentralen Steuereinheit (CPU) 205 elektrisch eingestellt, vgl. Fig. 2. Auf diese Weise versorgt die Motor-Pumpen-Einheit 104, 204 in mindestens einer Energieeinspeisestellung eine Energie-Speichereinrichtung 106, 206 und/oder eine Arbeitshydraulik 107, 207 mit Fluid. In einer Rekuperationsstellung wird unter Druck stehendes Fluid aus der Energie-Speichereinrichtung 106, 206 abgerufen und zur Arbeitshydraulik 107, 207 geleitet oder in mechanische Energie der Abtriebseinheit 103, 203 umgewandelt.The motor-pump unit 104, 204 is operable in a 4-quadrant operation in a plurality of positions depending on the pivot angle. The swivel angle is thereby set electrically by a central control unit (CPU) 205, cf. Fig. 2 , In this way, the motor-pump unit 104, 204 supplies at least one energy feed position to an energy storage device 106, 206 and / or a working hydraulics 107, 207 with fluid. In a recuperation position, pressurized fluid is retrieved from the energy storage device 106, 206 and to the work hydraulics 107, 207 passed or converted into mechanical energy of the output unit 103, 203.

Die Energie-Speichereinrichtung 106, 206 ist hierbei durch einen Hydrospeicher in Form eines Blasenspeichers gebildet. Der Hydrospeicher 106, 206 ist über eine Versorgungsleitung 108, 208 an die Motor-Pumpen-Einheit 104, 204 angeschlossen. Die Arbeitshydraulik 107, 207 ist wiederum über eine gegenüberliegende Versorgungsleitung 109, 209 an die Motor-Pumpen-Einheit 104, 204 angeschlossen. Die Arbeitshydraulik 107, 207 kann ein beliebiger hydraulischer Verbraucher sein.The energy storage device 106, 206 is in this case formed by a hydraulic accumulator in the form of a bladder accumulator. The hydraulic accumulator 106, 206 is connected via a supply line 108, 208 to the motor-pump unit 104, 204. The working hydraulics 107, 207 is in turn connected via an opposite supply line 109, 209 to the motor-pump unit 104, 204. The working hydraulics 107, 207 may be any hydraulic consumer.

In der erweiterten Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 2 ist auf der Abtriebseinheit 203 eine Versorgungspumpe 210 angeordnet, die zur Motor-Pumpen-Einheit 204 parallel betreibbar ist. Die Versorgungspumpe 210 versorgt auf ihrer Ausgangsseite 211 über eine Druckleitung 212 die Arbeitshydraulik 207 und ist ebenfalls über diese Ausgangsseite 211 fluidleitend an einen Versorgungsanschluss 213 der Motor-Pumpen-Einheit 204 angeschlossen. Die hydraulische Versorgungspumpe 211 fördert Fluid aus einem Tank 214. Die Versorgungspumpe 210 ist dabei als Load-Sensing-Pumpe ausgeführt, die durch ein Lastsignal 215 von der Arbeitshydraulik 207 kommend gesteuert wird. Der Zweig 216, der den Tank 214 über die Versorgungspumpe 210 mit der Arbeitshydraulik 207 verbindet, wird auch als "Open Loop System" bezeichnet.In the extended embodiment according to Fig. 2 is arranged on the output unit 203, a supply pump 210 which is operable in parallel with the motor-pump unit 204. The supply pump 210 supplies on its output side 211 via a pressure line 212, the working hydraulics 207 and is also connected via this output side 211 fluidly connected to a supply port 213 of the motor-pump unit 204. The hydraulic supply pump 211 delivers fluid from a tank 214. The supply pump 210 is designed as a load-sensing pump, which is controlled by a load signal 215 coming from the working hydraulics 207. The branch 216, which connects the tank 214 via the supply pump 210 with the working hydraulics 207, is also referred to as "open loop system".

Die von der Motor-Pumpen-Einheit 204 kommende Versorgungsleitung 209 mündet in die Druckleitung 212 zwischen der Versorgungspumpe 210 und der Arbeitshydraulik 207. Auf diese Weise kann die Arbeitshydraulik 207 von der Versorgungspumpe 210 und der Motor-Pumpen-Einheit 204 mit Fluid versorgt werden. Die beiden Einheiten 204, 210 sind so geschaltet, dass bei einem größeren Schwenkwinkel der Versorgungspumpe 210 gegenüber einem Schwenkwinkel der Motor-Pumpen-Einheit 204 der höhere Ausgangsdruck von Versorgungspumpe 210 oder Motor-Pumpen-Einheit 204 an der Arbeitshydraulik 207 ansteht. Dies gewährleistet ein stets hohes Niveau des zur Verfügung stehenden Fluiddrucks an der Arbeitshydraulik 207.The supply line 209 coming from the motor-pump unit 204 opens into the pressure line 212 between the supply pump 210 and the working hydraulics 207. In this way, the working hydraulics 207 can be supplied with fluid from the supply pump 210 and the motor-pump unit 204. The two units 204, 210 are connected so that at a larger pivot angle of the supply pump 210 against a pivot angle of the motor-pump unit 204, the higher output pressure of supply pump 210 or motor-pump unit 204 is present at the working hydraulics 207. This ensures a consistently high level of available fluid pressure at the working hydraulics 207.

Die Versorgungspumpe 210 und die Motor-Pumpen-Einheit 204 sind zu einem Hydrotransformator 217 zusammengeschaltet. Das aus dem Tank 214 geförderte Fluid wird von der Versorgungspumpe 210 mit einem hohen Druck zur Motor-Pumpen-Einheit 204 gefördert, die den Fluiddruck nochmals erhöht. Das Fluid wird dann über die Versorgungsleitung 208 in die Energie-Speichereinrichtung 206 eingespeist. Auf diese Weise kann in der Energie-Speichereinrichtung 206 ein höheres Druckniveau erzeugt werden. Diesen Vorgang nennt man auch "Boosten" des Fluiddrucks.The supply pump 210 and the motor-pump unit 204 are connected together to form a hydraulic transformer 217. The fluid delivered from the tank 214 is delivered by the supply pump 210 at a high pressure to the motor-pump unit 204, which further increases the fluid pressure. The fluid is then fed to the energy storage device 206 via the supply line 208. In this way, a higher pressure level can be generated in the energy storage device 206. This process is also called "boosting" the fluid pressure.

Um einen Druckabfall an der Arbeitshydraulik 207 aufgrund eines Abflusses in Richtung zur Motor-Pumpen-Einheit 204 zu vermeiden, ist ein Prioritätsventil 218 in der Versorgungsleitung 209 zwischen Motor-Pumpen-Einheit 204 und Druckleitung 212 vorgesehen. Dieses Ventil 218 hat zwei Schaltstellungen und ist dementsprechend als 2/2-Wege-Schaltventil ausgebildet. In einer Schaltstellung weist das Prioritätsventil 218 ein Rückschlagventil 219 auf, welches in Richtung auf die Motor-Pumpen-Einheit 204 sperrt. Auf diese Weise kann vorgegeben werden, dass das Fluid der Versorgungspumpe 210 vollständig zur Arbeitshydraulik 207 weitergeleitet wird.In order to avoid a pressure drop at the working hydraulics 207 due to an outflow toward the motor-pump unit 204, a priority valve 218 is provided in the supply line 209 between the motor-pump unit 204 and the pressure line 212. This valve 218 has two switching positions and is accordingly designed as a 2/2-way switching valve. In a switching position, the priority valve 218 has a check valve 219, which blocks in the direction of the motor-pump unit 204. In this way it can be specified that the fluid of the supply pump 210 is completely forwarded to the working hydraulics 207.

Um das Druckniveau in der Druckleitung 212 zu überwachen, kann weiterhin ein Drucksensor 220 in der Druckleitung 212 vorgesehen sein. Der Drucksensor 220 ist mit der zentralen Steuereinheit 205 gekoppelt.In order to monitor the pressure level in the pressure line 212, furthermore, a pressure sensor 220 may be provided in the pressure line 212. The pressure sensor 220 is coupled to the central control unit 205.

Die Motor-Pumpen-Einheit 204, die Energie-Speichereinrichtung 206 und die Versorgungsleitungen 208, 209 bilden einen hydraulischen Nebenzweig 221, der auch als "Closed Loop System" bezeichnet wird. Der Nebenzweig 221 fungiert abhängig vom relativen Druck in der Arbeitshydraulik 207 zu der Energie-Speichereinrichtung 206 als Pumpe für die Versorgung der Arbeitshydraulik 207 und etwaiger zusätzlicher angeschlossener hydraulischer Verbraucher. Dazu verwendet er Energie, die von der Abtriebseinheit 203 oder der Energie-Speichereinrichtung 206 stammt. Abhängig vom relativen Druck zwischen der Arbeitshydraulik 207 und der Energie-Speichereinrichtung 206 agiert der Nebenzweig 221 als Motor zur Unterstützung der Antriebseinrichtung 202, der Versorgungspumpe 210 und gegebenenfalls weiterer angeschlossener Aggregate.The motor-pump unit 204, the energy storage device 206 and the supply lines 208, 209 form a hydraulic auxiliary branch 221, which is also referred to as "closed loop system". The sub-branch 221 functions depending on the relative pressure in the working hydraulics 207 to the energy storage device 206 as a pump for the supply of the working hydraulics 207 and any additional connected hydraulic consumers. For this purpose, he uses energy that comes from the output unit 203 or the energy storage device 206. Depending on the relative pressure between the working hydraulics 207 and the energy storage device 206, the auxiliary branch 221 acts as a motor to assist the drive device 202, the supply pump 210, and possibly other connected aggregates.

Ein Druckhalteventil 222 in der Versorgungsleitung 208 zwischen der Motor-Pumpen-Einheit 204 und der Energie-Speichereinrichtung 206 ist vom Aufbau gleich dem Prioritätsventil 218. In einer Schaltstellung weist das Druckhalteventil 222 ein Rückschlagventil 223 auf, welches in Richtung der Energie-Speichereinrichtung 206 öffnet. Das Druckhalteventil 222 ist als 2/2-Wege-Schaltventil ausgebildet. Zur Überwachung des Drucks in der Energie-Speichereinrichtung 206 ist ein Drucksensor 224 an die Versorgungsleitung 208 zwischen dem Druckhalteventil 222 und der Energie-Speichereinrichtung 206 zwecks Druckwerterfassung für die zentrale Steuereinheit (CPU) 205 angeschlossen.A pressure-maintaining valve 222 in the supply line 208 between the motor-pump unit 204 and the energy storage device 206 is of the same construction as the priority valve 218. In a switching position, the pressure-maintaining valve 222 has a check valve 223 which opens in the direction of the energy storage device 206 , The pressure-maintaining valve 222 is designed as a 2/2-way switching valve. To monitor the pressure in the energy storage device 206, a pressure sensor 224 is connected to the supply line 208 between the pressure-maintaining valve 222 and the energy storage device 206 for the purpose of pressure detection for the central control unit (CPU) 205.

Mithin sind die Motor-Pumpen-Einheit 204, das Prioritätsventil 218, das Druckhalteventil 222 und die Drucksensoren 220, 224 in der Druckleitung 212 und in der Versorgungsleitung 208 an die zentrale Steuereinheit (CPU) 205 angeschlossen.Thus, the motor-pump unit 204, the priority valve 218, the pressure-holding valve 222 and the pressure sensors 220, 224 in the pressure line 212 and in the supply line 208 are connected to the central control unit (CPU) 205.

Claims (12)

  1. A hydraulic energy recovery system comprising an output drive unit (203) that can be actuated by a drive unit (202) and by means of which a hydraulic motor-pump unit (204) can be driven which,
    - in at least one energy feed position supplies an energy storage device (206) and/or working hydraulics (207) with fluid; and
    - in a recuperation position delivers pressurised fluid from the energy storage device (206) at least to the working hydraulics (207) and/or is used for the actuation of the output drive unit (203),
    a hydraulic supply pump (210) being able to be driven by the output drive unit (203) in parallel to the motor-pump unit (204), the supply pump (210) supplying the working hydraulics (207) on its output side (211), and being connected via this output side (211) to a supply connection (213) of the motor-pump unit (204), characterised in that the supply pump (210) is a load sensing pump which may be controlled by the working hydraulics (207).
  2. The energy recovery system according to Claim 1, characterised in that in the case of a larger delivery volume of the supply pump (210) as compared to a displacement of the motor-pump unit (204), the higher output pressure of the supply pump (210) or motor-pump unit (204) is present at the working hydraulics (207).
  3. The energy recovery system according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that a hydraulic transformer (217) is formed by the motor-pump unit (204) and the supply pump (210), and so more energy may be fed into the energy storage device (206) in comparison to feeding by the motor-pump unit (204) alone.
  4. The energy recovery system according to any of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that a supply line (209) of the motor-pump unit (204) leads into a pressure line (212) of the supply pump (210) for the working hydraulics (207), a priority valve (218) being connected in this supply line (209), which priority valve is preferably designed as a 2/2-way switching valve.
  5. The energy recovery system according to Claim 4, characterised in that a pressure sensor (220) is connected to the pressure line (212) for the purpose of recording pressure values for a central control unit (205).
  6. The energy recovery system according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the motor-pump unit (204), the energy storage device (206) and the supply lines (208, 209) form a secondary hydraulic branch (221).
  7. The energy recovery system according to Claim 6, characterised in that the secondary branch (221) is used
    - as a pump for supplying the working hydraulics (207) and any additional connected hydraulic consumers, and withdraws the energy for this purpose from the output drive unit (203) and/or from the energy storage device (206); and/or
    - as a motor for boosting the drive device (202), the supply pump (210) and/or other connected units.
  8. The energy recovery system according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the motor-pump unit (204) enables a 4-quadrant operating mode and may preferably be electrically controlled by the central control unit (205).
  9. The energy recovery system according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that a constant pressure valve (222), which is preferably designed as a 2/2-way switching valve, is connected in the supply line (208) from the motor-pump unit (204) to the energy storage device (206).
  10. The energy recovery system according to Claim 9, characterised in that a pressure sensor (224) is connected to the supply line (208) between the constant pressure valve (222) and the energy storage device (206) for the purpose of recording pressure values for the central control unit (205).
  11. The energy recovery system according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the energy storage device (206) is formed at least by a hydraulic storage device, preferably in the form of a bladder accumulator or a diaphragm accumulator.
  12. The energy recovery system according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the motor-pump unit (204) operates as a hydraulic transformer between the working hydraulics (207) and the energy storage device (206).
EP13744441.0A 2012-08-28 2013-07-31 Hydraulic energy recovery system Active EP2890904B1 (en)

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DE102012017004.1A DE102012017004A1 (en) 2012-08-28 2012-08-28 Hydraulic energy recovery system
PCT/EP2013/002269 WO2014032757A1 (en) 2012-08-28 2013-07-31 Hydraulic energy recovery system

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DE102012017004A1 (en) 2014-03-06
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US9863444B2 (en) 2018-01-09
WO2014032757A1 (en) 2014-03-06

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