Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W72/00—Local resource management
  • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
  • H04W72/535—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on resource usage policies
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
  • H04W16/14—Spectrum sharing arrangements between different networks
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W72/00—Local resource management
  • H04W72/12—Wireless traffic scheduling
  • H04W72/1215—Wireless traffic scheduling for collaboration of different radio technologies
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W72/00—Local resource management
  • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
  • H04W72/23—Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal

Definitions

• aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to multi-radio techniques and, more specifically, to coexistence techniques for multi-radio devices.
• Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, data, and so on. These systems may be multiple-access systems capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., bandwidth and transmit power). Examples of such multiple access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems.
• CDMA code division multiple access
• TDMA time division multiple access
• FDMA frequency division multiple access
• LTE 3GPP Long Term Evolution
• OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access
• a wireless multiple-access communication system can simultaneously support communication for multiple wireless terminals.
• Each terminal communicates with one or more base stations via transmissions on the forward and reverse links.
• the forward link (or downlink) refers to the communication link from the base stations to the terminals
• the reverse link (or uplink) refers to the communication link from the terminals to the base stations.
• This communication link may be established via a single- in-single-out, multiple-in-single-out or a multiple-in-multiple out (MIMO) system.
• MIMO multiple-in-multiple out
• RATs Radio Access Technologies
• UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
• GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
• cdma2000 Wireless Fidelity
• WiMAX Wireless Fidelity
• WLAN Wireless Fidelity
• Bluetooth Wireless Fidelity
• LTE Long Term Evolution
• An example mobile device includes an LTE User Equipment (UE), such as a fourth generation (4G) mobile phone.
• UE User Equipment
• 4G phone may include various radios to provide a variety of functions for the user.
• the 4G phone includes an LTE radio for voice and data, an IEEE 802.11 (WiFi) radio, a Global Positioning System (GPS) radio, and a Bluetooth radio, where two of the above or all four may operate simultaneously. While the different radios provide useful
• a UE communicates with an evolved NodeB (eNB; e.g., a base station for a wireless communications network) to inform the eNB of interference seen by the UE on the downlink.
• eNB evolved NodeB
• the eNB may be able to estimate interference at the UE using a downlink error rate.
• the eNB and the UE can cooperate to find a solution that reduces interference at the UE, even interference due to radios within the UE itself.
• the interference estimates regarding the downlink may not be adequate to comprehensively address interference.
• an LTE uplink signal interferes with a Bluetooth signal or WLAN signal. However, such interference is not reflected in the downlink
• a method for wireless communication includes receiving an indication of time and frequency resources of future activity of a mobile wireless service (MWS) radio access technology (RAT).
• the method may also include scheduling communications of a wireless connectivity network (WCN) radio access technology (RAT) based at least in part on the indication of the time and frequency resources of the future activity.
• WCN wireless connectivity network
• an apparatus for wireless communication includes means for receiving an indication of time and frequency resources of future activity of a mobile wireless service (MWS) radio access technology (RAT).
• the apparatus may also include means for scheduling communications of a wireless connectivity network (WCN) radio access technology (RAT) based at least in part on the indication of the time and frequency resources of the future activity.
• WCN wireless connectivity network
• a computer program product for wireless communication in a wireless network includes a computer readable medium having non-transitory program code recorded thereon.
• the program code includes program code to receive an indication of time and frequency resources of future activity of a mobile wireless service (MWS) radio access technology (RAT).
• the program code also includes program code to schedule communications of a wireless connectivity network (WCN) radio access technology (RAT) based at least in part on the indication of the time and frequency resources of the future activity.
• WCN wireless connectivity network
• an apparatus for wireless communication includes a memory and a processor(s) coupled to the memory.
• the processor(s) is configured to receive an indication of time and frequency resources of future activity of a mobile wireless service (MWS) radio access technology (RAT).
• the processor(s) is further configured to schedule communications of a wireless connectivity network (WCN) radio access technology (RAT) based at least in part on the indication of the time and frequency resources of the future activity.
• WCN wireless connectivity network
• FIGURE 1 illustrates a multiple access wireless communication system according to one aspect.
• FIGURE 2 is a block diagram of a communication system according to one aspect.
• FIGURE 3 illustrates an exemplary frame structure in downlink Long Term Evolution (LTE) communications.
• LTE Long Term Evolution
• FIGURE 4 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an exemplary frame structure in uplink Long Term Evolution (LTE) communications.
• LTE Long Term Evolution
• FIGURE 5 illustrates an example wireless communication environment.
• FIGURE 6 is a block diagram of an example design for a multi-radio wireless device.
• FIGURE 7 is graph showing respective potential collisions between seven example radios in a given decision period.
• FIGURE 8 is a diagram showing operation of an example Coexistence Manager (CxM) over time.
• CxM Coexistence Manager
• FIGURE 9 is a block diagram illustrating adjacent frequency bands.
• FIGURE 10 is a block diagram of a system for providing support within a wireless communication environment for multi-radio coexistence management according to one aspect of the present disclosure.
• FIGURE 11 is a block diagram of a multi-radio wireless device according to one aspect of the disclosure.
• FIGURE 12 is a graph illustrating downlink control information specifying the resource assigned to a specific device according to one aspect of the disclosure.
• FIGURE 13 is a timing diagram that shows an uplink grant message sent from the base station to the UE during the downlink control portion of subframe n.
• FIGURE 14 is a timing diagram that shows mobile wireless service (MWS) resources that are too close to a wireless connectivity network operating band, according to one aspect of the disclosure.
• MMS mobile wireless service
• FIGURE 15 provides a block diagram that shows another example of LTE communication resources that may result in altered ISM communication activity, according to one aspect of the disclosure.
• FIGURE 16 is a graph illustrating a relationship between transmission power and resource block separation in determining an allowable region for operation of wireless connectivity network (WCN) communications, according to one aspect of the disclosure.
• WCN wireless connectivity network
• FIGURE 17 is a block diagram illustrating method for using dynamic resource allocation information in an MWS RAT to improve MWS and WCN radio access technology coexistence according to one aspect of the present disclosure.
• FIGURE 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus employing a coexistence mitigation system.
• Various aspects of the disclosure provide techniques to mitigate coexistence issues in multi-radio devices, where significant in-device coexistence problems can exist between, mobile wireless services (MWS) devices (e.g., LTE) and wireless network connectivity (WCN) devices that operate in the Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) bands (e.g., for BT/WLAN).
• MWS mobile wireless services
• WCN wireless network connectivity
• ISM Industrial Scientific and Medical
• some coexistence issues persist because an eNB is not aware of interference on the UE side that is experienced by other radios.
• One aspect of the present disclosure uses information regarding dynamic resource allocation in the MWS RAT to improve MWS and WCN radio access technology coexistence.
• CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
• TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
• FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access
• OFDMA Orthogonal FDMA
• SC-FDMA Single-Carrier FDMA
• a CDMA network can implement a radio technology such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), cdma2000, etc.
• UTRA includes Wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA) and Low Chip Rate (LCR).
• cdma2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95 and IS-856 standards.
• a TDMA network can implement a radio technology such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM).
• GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
• An OFDMA network can implement a radio technology such as Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Flash- OFDM ® , etc.
• E-UTRA Evolved UTRA
• Flash- OFDM ® Flash- OFDM ®
• LTE Long Term Evolution
• GSM Global System for Mobile communications
• UMTS Long Term Evolution
• LTE Long Term Evolution
• 3GPP 3 rd Generation Partnership Project
• CDMA2000 is described in documents from an organization named "3 rd Generation Partnership Project 2" (3GPP2).
• SC-FDMA Single carrier frequency division multiple access
• SC-FDMA has similar performance and essentially the same overall complexity as those of an OFDMA system.
• SC-FDMA signal has lower peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) because of its inherent single carrier structure.
• PAPR peak-to-average power ratio
• SC-FDMA has drawn great attention, especially in the uplink communications where lower PAPR greatly benefits the mobile terminal in terms of transmit power efficiency. It is currently a working assumption for an uplink multiple access scheme in 3 GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE), or Evolved UTRA.
• LTE Long Term Evolution
• An evolved Node B 100 includes a computer 115 that has processing resources and memory resources to manage the LTE communications by allocating resources and parameters, granting/denying requests from user equipment, and/or the like.
• the eNB 100 also has multiple antenna groups, one group including antenna 104 and antenna 106, another group including antenna 108 and antenna 110, and an additional group including antenna 112 and antenna 114. In FIGURE 1, only two antennas are shown for each antenna group, however, more or fewer antennas can be utilized for each antenna group.
• a User Equipment (UE) 116 (also referred to as an Access Terminal (AT)) is in communication with antennas 112 and 114, while antennas 112 and 114 transmit information to the UE 116 over an uplink (UL) 188.
• the UE 122 is in communication with antennas 106 and 108, while antennas 106 and 108 transmit information to the UE 122 over a downlink (DL) 126 and receive information from the UE 122 over an uplink 124.
• DL downlink
• communication links 118, 120, 124 and 126 can use different frequencies for communication.
• the downlink 120 can use a different frequency than used by the uplink 118.
• Each group of antennas and/or the area in which they are designed to communicate is often referred to as a sector of the eNB.
• respective antenna groups are designed to communicate to UEs in a sector of the areas covered by the eNB 100.
• the transmitting antennas of the eNB 100 utilize beamforming to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the uplinks for the different UEs 116 and 122. Also, an eNB using beamforming to transmit to UEs scattered randomly through its coverage causes less interference to UEs in neighboring cells than a UE transmitting through a single antenna to all its UEs.
• An eNB can be a fixed station used for communicating with the terminals and can also be referred to as an access point, base station, or some other terminology.
• a UE can also be called an access terminal, a wireless communication device, terminal, or some other terminology.
• FIGURE 2 is a block diagram of an aspect of a transmitter system 210 (also known as an eNB) and a receiver system 250 (also known as a UE) in a MIMO system 200.
• a UE and an eNB each have a transceiver that includes a transmitter system and a receiver system.
• traffic data for a number of data streams is provided from a data source 212 to a transmit (TX) data processor 214.
• TX transmit
• a MIMO system employs multiple (Nr) transmit antennas and multiple (N R ) receive antennas for data transmission.
• a MIMO channel formed by the Nr transmit and N R receive antennas may be decomposed into Ns independent channels, which are also referred to as spatial channels, wherein Ns ⁇ min ⁇ Nr, N R ⁇ .
• Each of the Ns independent channels corresponds to a dimension.
• the MIMO system can provide improved performance (e.g., higher throughput and/or greater reliability) if the additional dimensionalities created by the multiple transmit and receive antennas are utilized.
• a MIMO system supports time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD) systems.
• TDD time division duplex
• FDD frequency division duplex
• the uplink and downlink transmissions are on the same frequency region so that the reciprocity principle allows the estimation of the downlink channel from the uplink channel. This enables the eNB to extract transmit beamforming gain on the downlink when multiple antennas are available at the eNB.
• each data stream is transmitted over a respective transmit antenna.
• the TX data processor 214 formats, codes, and interleaves the traffic data for each data stream based on a particular coding scheme selected for that data stream to provide coded data.
• the coded data for each data stream can be multiplexed with pilot data using OFDM techniques.
• the pilot data is a known data pattern processed in a known manner and can be used at the receiver system to estimate the channel response.
• the multiplexed pilot and coded data for each data stream is then modulated (e.g. , symbol mapped) based on a particular modulation scheme (e.g., BPSK, QPSK, M-PSK, or M- QAM) selected for that data stream to provide modulation symbols.
• the data rate, coding, and modulation for each data stream can be determined by instructions performed by a processor 230 operating with a memory 232.
• the modulation symbols for respective data streams are then provided to a TX MIMO processor 220, which can further process the modulation symbols (e.g., for OFDM).
• the TX MIMO processor 220 then provides N T modulation symbol streams to N T transmitters (TMTR) 222a through 222t.
• TMTR T transmitters
• the TX MIMO processor 220 applies beamforming weights to the symbols of the data streams and to the antenna from which the symbol is being transmitted.
• Each transmitter 222 receives and processes a respective symbol stream to provide one or more analog signals, and further conditions ⁇ e.g., amplifies, filters, and upconverts) the analog signals to provide a modulated signal suitable for transmission over the MIMO channel.
• N T modulated signals from the transmitters 222a through 222t are then transmitted from N T antennas 224a through 224t, respectively.
• the transmitted modulated signals are received by N R antennas 252a through 252r and the received signal from each antenna 252 is provided to a respective receiver (RCVR) 254a through 254r.
• Each receiver 254 conditions ⁇ e.g., filters, amplifies, and downconverts) a respective received signal, digitizes the conditioned signal to provide samples, and further processes the samples to provide a corresponding "received" symbol stream.
• An RX data processor 260 then receives and processes the N R received symbol streams from N R receivers 254 based on a particular receiver processing technique to provide N R "detected" symbol streams.
• the RX data processor 260 then demodulates, deinterleaves, and decodes each detected symbol stream to recover the traffic data for the data stream.
• the processing by the RX data processor 260 is complementary to the processing performed by the TX MIMO processor 220 and the TX data processor 214 at the transmitter system 210.
• a processor 270 (operating with a memory 272) periodically determines which pre-coding matrix to use (discussed below).
• the processor 270 formulates an uplink message having a matrix index portion and a rank value portion.
• the uplink message can include various types of information regarding the communication link and/or the received data stream.
• the uplink message is then processed by a TX data processor 238, which also receives traffic data for a number of data streams from a data source 236, modulated by a modulator 280, conditioned by transmitters 254a through 254r, and transmitted back to the transmitter system 210.
• the modulated signals from the receiver system 250 are received by antennas 224, conditioned by receivers 222, demodulated by a demodulator 240, and processed by an RX data processor 242 to extract the uplink message transmitted by the receiver system 250.
• the processor 230 determines which pre-coding matrix to use for determining the beamforming weights, then processes the extracted message.
• FIGURE 3 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an exemplary frame structure in downlink Long Term Evolution (LTE) communications.
• the transmission timeline for the downlink may be partitioned into units of radio frames.
• Each radio frame may have a predetermined duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)) and may be partitioned into 10 sub frames with indices of 0 through 9.
• Each sub frame may include two slots.
• Each radio frame may thus include 20 slots with indices of 0 through 19.
• Each slot may include L symbol periods, e.g., 7 symbol periods for a normal cyclic prefix (as shown in FIGURE 3) or 6 symbol periods for an extended cyclic prefix.
• the 2L symbol periods in each subframe may be assigned indices of 0 through 2L-1.
• the available time frequency resources may be partitioned into resource blocks.
• Each resource block may cover N subcarriers (e.g., 12 subcarriers) in one slot.
• an eNB may send a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) for each cell in the eNB.
• PSS and SSS may be sent in symbol periods 6 and 5, respectively, in each of sub frames 0 and 5 of each radio frame with the normal cyclic prefix, as shown in FIGURE 3.
• the synchronization signals may be used by UEs for cell detection and acquisition.
• the eNB may send a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) in symbol periods 0 to 3 in slot 1 of subframe 0.
• PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel
• the eNB may send a Cell-specific Reference Signal (CRS) for each cell in the eNB.
• CRS Cell-specific Reference Signal
• the CRS may be sent in symbols 0, 1 , and 4 of each slot in case of the normal cyclic prefix, and in symbols 0, 1, and 3 of each slot in case of the extended cyclic prefix.
• the CRS may be used by UEs for coherent demodulation of physical channels, timing and frequency tracking, Radio Link Monitoring (RLM), Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), and Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ)
• RLM Radio Link Monitoring
• RSRP Reference Signal Received Power
• RSRQ Reference Signal Received Quality
• the eNB may send a Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH) in the first symbol period of each subframe, as seen in FIGURE 3.
• the eNB may send a Physical HARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH) and a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) in the first M symbol periods of each subframe.
• the PDCCH and PHICH are also included in the first three symbol periods in the example shown in FIGURE 3.
• the PHICH may carry
• the PDCCH may carry information on resource allocation for UEs and control information for downlink channels.
• the eNB may send a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) in the remaining symbol periods of each subframe.
• PDSCH may carry data for UEs scheduled for data transmission on the downlink.
• E-UTRA Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
• Modulation Physical Channels and Modulation
• the eNB may send the PSS, SSS and PBCH in the center 1.08 MHz of the system bandwidth used by the eNB.
• the eNB may send the PCFICH and PHICH across the entire system bandwidth in each symbol period in which these channels are sent.
• the eNB may send the PDCCH to groups of UEs in certain portions of the system bandwidth.
• the eNB may send the PDSCH to specific UEs in specific portions of the system bandwidth.
• the eNB may send the PSS, SSS, PBCH, PCFICH and PHICH in a broadcast manner to all UEs, may send the PDCCH in a unicast manner to specific UEs, and may also send the PDSCH in a unicast manner to specific UEs.
• a number of resource elements may be available in each symbol period.
• Each resource element may cover one subcarrier in one symbol period and may be used to send one modulation symbol, which may be a real or complex value.
• Resource elements not used for a reference signal in each symbol period may be arranged into resource element groups (REGs).
• Each REG may include four resource elements in one symbol period.
• the PCFICH may occupy four REGs, which may be spaced
• the PHICH may occupy three REGs, which may be spread across frequency, in one or more configurable symbol periods. For example, the three REGs for the PHICH may all belong in symbol period 0 or may be spread in symbol periods 0, 1 and 2.
• the PDCCH may occupy 9, 18, 32 or 64 REGs, which may be selected from the available REGs, in the first M symbol periods. Only certain combinations of REGs may be allowed for the PDCCH.
• a UE may know the specific REGs used for the PHICH and the PCFICH.
• the UE may search different combinations of REGs for the PDCCH.
• the number of combinations to search is typically less than the number of allowed combinations for the PDCCH.
• An eNB may send the PDCCH to the UE in any of the combinations that the UE will search.
• FIGURE 4 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an exemplary frame structure in uplink Long Term Evolution (LTE) communications.
• the available Resource Blocks (RBs) for the uplink may be partitioned into a data section and a control section.
• the control section may be formed at the two edges of the system bandwidth and may have a configurable size.
• the resource blocks in the control section may be assigned to UEs for transmission of control information.
• the data section may include all resource blocks not included in the control section.
• the design in FIGURE 4 results in the data section including contiguous subcarriers, which may allow a single UE to be assigned all of the contiguous subcarriers in the data section.
• a UE may be assigned resource blocks in the control section to transmit control information to an eNB.
• the UE may also be assigned resource blocks in the data section to transmit data to the eNodeB.
• the UE may transmit control information in a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) on the assigned resource blocks in the control section.
• the UE may transmit only data or both data and control information in a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) on the assigned resource blocks in the data section.
• An uplink transmission may span both slots of a subframe and may hop across frequency as shown in FIGURE 4.
• E-UTRA Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
• a wireless communication environment such as a 3 GPP LTE environment or the like, to facilitate multi-radio coexistence solutions.
• the wireless communication environment 500 can include a wireless device 510, which can be capable of communicating with multiple communication systems. These systems can include, for example, one or more cellular systems 520 and/or 530, one or more WLAN systems 540 and/or 550, one or more wireless personal area network (WPAN) systems 560, one or more broadcast systems 570, one or more satellite positioning systems 580, other systems not shown in FIGURE 5, or any combination thereof. It should be appreciated that in the following description the terms “network” and "system” are often used interchangeably.
• the cellular systems 520 and 530 can each be a CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), or other suitable system.
• a CDMA system can implement a radio technology such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), cdma2000, etc.
• UTRA includes Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) and other variants of CDMA.
• WCDMA Wideband CDMA
• cdma2000 covers IS-2000 (CDMA2000 IX), IS-95 and IS-856 (HRPD) standards.
• a TDMA system can implement a radio technology such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System (D-AMPS), etc.
• GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
• D-AMPS Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System
• An OFDMA system can implement a radio technology such as Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM ® , etc.
• E-UTRA and E-UTRA are part of Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS).
• 3 GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE- Advanced (LTE-A) are new releases of UMTS that use E-UTRA.
• UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A and GSM are described in documents from an organization named "3 rd Generation Partnership Project" (3GPP).
• cdma2000 and UMB are described in documents from an organization named "3 rd Generation Partnership Project 2" (3GPP2).
• the cellular system 520 can include a number of base stations 522, which can support bi-directional communication for wireless devices within their coverage.
• the cellular system 530 can include a number of base stations 532 that can support bi-directional communication for wireless devices within their coverage.
• WLAN systems 540 and 550 can respectively implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (WiFi), Hiperlan, etc.
• the WLAN system 540 can include one or more access points 542 that can support bi-directional communication.
• the WLAN system 550 can include one or more access points 552 that can support bidirectional communication.
• the WPAN system 560 can implement a radio technology such as Bluetooth (BT), IEEE 802.15, etc. Further, the WPAN system 560 can support bi-directional communication for various devices such as wireless device 510, a headset 562, a computer 564, a mouse 566, or the like.
• the broadcast system 570 can be a television (TV) broadcast system, a frequency modulation (FM) broadcast system, a digital broadcast system, etc.
• a digital broadcast system can implement a radio technology such as MediaFLOTM, Digital Video Broadcasting for Handhelds (DVB-H), Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting for Terrestrial Television Broadcasting (ISDB-T), or the like.
• the broadcast system 570 can include one or more broadcast stations 572 that can support one-way communication.
• the satellite positioning system 580 can be the United States Global Positioning System (GPS), the European Galileo system, the Russian GLONASS system, the Quasi- Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) over Japan, the Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) over India, the Beidou system over China, and/or any other suitable system. Further, the satellite positioning system 580 can include a number of satellites 582 that transmit signals for position determination.
• GPS Global Positioning System
• GPS Global Positioning System
• GLONASS the Russian GLONASS system
• QZSS Quasi- Zenith Satellite System
• IRNSS Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System
• Beidou system Beidou system over China
• the satellite positioning system 580 can include a number of satellites 582 that transmit signals for position determination.
• the wireless device 510 can be stationary or mobile and can also be referred to as a user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a mobile equipment, a terminal, an access terminal, a subscriber unit, a station, etc.
• the wireless device 510 can be cellular phone, a personal digital assistance (PDA), a wireless modem, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, etc.
• PDA personal digital assistance
• WLL wireless local loop
• a wireless device 510 can engage in two-way communication with the cellular system 520 and/or 530, the WLAN system 540 and/or 550, devices with the WPAN system 560, and/or any other suitable systems(s) and/or devices(s).
• the wireless device 510 can additionally or alternatively receive signals from the broadcast system 570 and/or satellite positioning system 580.
• the wireless device 510 can communicate with any number of systems at any given moment.
• the wireless device 510 may experience coexistence issues among various ones of its constituent radio devices that operate at the same time.
• device 510 includes a coexistence manager (CxM, not shown) that has a functional module to detect and mitigate coexistence issues, as explained further below.
• CxM coexistence manager
• FIGURE 6 a block diagram is provided that illustrates an example design for a multi-radio wireless device 600 and may be used as an
• the wireless device 600 can include N radios 620a through 620n, which can be coupled to N antennas 610a through 61 On, respectively, where N can be any integer value. It should be appreciated, however, that respective radios 620 can be coupled to any number of antennas 610 and that multiple radios 620 can also share a given antenna 610.
• a radio 620 can be a unit that radiates or emits energy in an electromagnetic spectrum, receives energy in an electromagnetic spectrum, or generates energy that propagates via conductive means.
• a radio 620 can be a unit that transmits a signal to a system or a device or a unit that receives signals from a system or device. Accordingly, it can be appreciated that a radio 620 can be utilized to support wireless communication.
• a radio 620 can also be a unit (e.g., a screen on a computer, a circuit board, etc.) that emits noise, which can impact the performance of other radios. Accordingly, it can be further appreciated that a radio 620 can also be a unit that emits noise and interference without supporting wireless communication.
• respective radios 620 can support communication with one or more systems. Multiple radios 620 can additionally or alternatively be used for a given system, e.g., to transmit or receive on different frequency bands (e.g., cellular and PCS bands).
• frequency bands e.g., cellular and PCS bands.
• a digital processor 630 can be coupled to radios 620a through 620n and can perform various functions, such as processing for data being transmitted or received via the radios 620.
• the processing for each radio 620 can be dependent on the radio technology supported by that radio and can include encryption, encoding, modulation, etc., for a transmitter; demodulation, decoding, decryption, etc., for a receiver, or the like.
• the digital processor 630 can include a
• coexistence manager (CxM) 640 that can control operation of the radios 620 in order to improve the performance of the wireless device 600 as generally described herein.
• the coexistence manager 640 can have access to a database 644, which can store
• the coexistence manager 640 can be adapted for a variety of techniques to decrease interference between the radios.
• the coexistence manager 640 requests a measurement gap pattern or DRX cycle that allows an ISM radio to communicate during periods of LTE inactivity.
• digital processor 630 is shown in FIGURE 6 as a single processor. However, it should be appreciated that the digital processor 630 can include any number of processors, controllers, memories, etc. In one example, a
• controller/processor 650 can direct the operation of various units within the wireless device 600. Additionally or alternatively, a memory 652 can store program codes and data for the wireless device 600.
• the digital processor 630, controller/processor 650, and memory 652 can be implemented on one or more integrated circuits (ICs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), etc.
• the digital processor 630 can be implemented on a Mobile Station Modem (MSM) ASIC.
• MSM Mobile Station Modem
• the coexistence manager 640 can manage operation of respective radios 620 utilized by wireless device 600 in order to avoid interference and/or other performance degradation associated with collisions between respective radios 620.
• coexistence manager 640 may perform one or more processes, such as those illustrated in FIGURE 17.
• a graph 700 in FIGURE 7 represents respective potential collisions between seven example radios in a given decision period.
• the seven radios include a WLAN transmitter (Tw), an LTE transmitter (Tl), an FM transmitter (Tf), a GSM/WCDMA transmitter (Tc/Tw), an LTE receiver (Rl), a Bluetooth receiver (Rb), and a GPS receiver (Rg).
• the four transmitters are represented by four nodes on the left side of the graph 700.
• the four receivers are represented by three nodes on the right side of the graph 700.
• a potential collision between a transmitter and a receiver is represented on the graph 700 by a branch connecting the node for the transmitter and the node for the receiver. Accordingly, in the example shown in the graph 700, collisions may exist between (1) the WLAN transmitter (Tw) and the Bluetooth receiver (Rb); (2) the LTE transmitter (Tl) and the Bluetooth receiver (Rb); (3) the WLAN transmitter (Tw) and the LTE receiver (Rl); (4) the FM transmitter (Tf) and the GPS receiver (Rg); (5) a WLAN transmitter (Tw), a GSM/WCDMA transmitter (Tc/Tw), and a GPS receiver (Rg).
• an example coexistence manager 640 can operate in time in a manner such as that shown by diagram 800 in FIGURE 8.
• a timeline for coexistence manager operation can be divided into Decision Units (DUs), which can be any suitable uniform or non-uniform length (e.g., 100 ⁇ ) where notifications are processed, and a response phase (e.g., 20 ⁇ ) where commands are provided to various radios 620 and/or other operations are performed based on actions taken in the evaluation phase.
• the timeline shown in the diagram 800 can have a latency parameter defined by a worst case operation of the timeline, e.g. , the timing of a response in the case that a notification is obtained from a given radio immediately following termination of the notification phase in a given DU.
• LTE Long Term Evolution
• FDD frequency division duplex
• TDD time division duplex
• band 38 (for TDD downlink) is adjacent to the 2.4 GHz Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) band used by Bluetooth (BT) and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) technologies.
• ISM Industrial Scientific and Medical
• BT Bluetooth
• WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
• Frequency planning for these bands is such that there is limited or no guard band permitting traditional filtering solutions to avoid interference at adjacent frequencies. For example, a 20 MHz guard band exists between ISM and band 7, but no guard band exists between ISM and band 40.
• communication devices operating over a particular band are to be operable over the entire specified frequency range.
• a mobile station/user equipment should be able to communicate across the entirety of both band 40 (2300-2400 MHz) and band 7 (2500-2570 MHz) as defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
• 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
• band 40 filters are 100 MHz wide to cover the entire band, the rollover from those filters crosses over into the ISM band causing interference.
• ISM devices that use the entirety of the ISM band e.g., from 2401 through approximately 2480 MHz will employ filters that rollover into the neighboring band 40 and band 7 and may cause interference.
• In-device coexistence problems can exist with respect to a UE between resources such as, for example, LTE and ISM bands (e.g., for Bluetooth/WLAN).
• resources such as, for example, LTE and ISM bands (e.g., for Bluetooth/WLAN).
• any interference issues to LTE are reflected in the downlink measurements (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) metrics, etc.) reported by a UE and/or the downlink error rate which the eNB can use to make inter-frequency or inter-RAT handoff decisions to, e.g., move LTE to a channel or RAT with no coexistence issues.
• RSRQ Reference Signal Received Quality
• the system 1000 can include one or more UEs 1010 and/or eNBs 1040, which can engage in uplink and/or downlink communications, and/or any other suitable communication with each other and/or any other entities in the system 1000.
• the UE 1010 and/or eNB 1040 can be operable to communicate using a variety resources, including frequency channels and sub-bands, some of which can potentially be colliding with other radio resources (e.g., a broadband radio such as an LTE modem).
• a broadband radio such as an LTE modem
• the UE 1010 can utilize various techniques for managing coexistence between multiple radios utilized by the UE 1010, as generally described herein.
• the UE 1010 can utilize features described herein and illustrated by the system 1000 to facilitate support for multi-radio coexistence within the UE 1010.
• a resource monitoring module 1012 monitors the resources allocated to a mobile wireless services (MWS) RAT.
• the resource separation module 1014 monitors the separation between the MWS RAT's allocated resources and a wireless connectivity network (WCN) operating band.
• WCN wireless connectivity network
• the RAT scheduling module 1016 may enable operation of WCN RATs and MWS RATs depending on the separation between the MWS RAT's allocated resources and the WCN operating band using the methods described below.
• the various modules 1012-1016 may, in some examples, be implemented as part of a coexistence manager such as the CxM 640 of FIGURE 6.
• the various modules 1012-1016 and others may be configured to implement the embodiments discussed herein.
• FIGURE 11 is a block diagram of a multi-radio wireless device 1100 according to one aspect of the disclosure.
• the wireless device 600 includes a mobile wireless services (MWS) radio access technology (MWS RAT) 1120a and a wireless connectivity network (WCN) radio access technology (WCN RAT) 1120b that are coupled to antennas 1110a and 1110b, respectively.
• MMS mobile wireless services
• WCN wireless connectivity network
• WCN RAT wireless connectivity network
• the MWS RAT 1120a may be an LTE RAT and the WCN RAT 1120b may be a Bluetooth (BT) or wireless local area network (WLAN) RAT that operates within the ISM band. It should be appreciated, however, that the MWS RAT 1120a is not limited to LTE and could be another radio access technologies, including WiMAX and other like mobile wireless service technologies. It should also be appreciated that respective RATs 1120 can be coupled to any number of antennas 1110 and that multiple RATs 1120 can also share a given antenna 1110.
• BT Bluetooth
• WLAN wireless local area network
• the multi-radio wireless device 1100 includes a coexistence interface 1130 according to, for example, a universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART).
• the coexistence interface 1130 is configured as a two-wire asynchronous, message based serial interface.
• the Real Time Signaling Message is a bi-directional communication message that provides a real time status report between the MWS and WCN RATs 1120 (e.g., when the MWS RAT 1120a or the WCN RAT 1120b is transmitting or receiving, this status is communicated to the other RAT).
• the real time status report may include instantaneous resources (e.g., time and frequency resources) that are allocated to LTE and/or to ISM.
• the instantaneous resources may be identified by an indication of the time and frequency resources that is received by the MWS RAT 1120a or the WCN RAT 1120b at any instance in time, such as every millisecond or a time that is shorter or longer than a millisecond.
• the Transport Control Message is a bi-directional messages that enables the request of a Real Time Signaling Message. For example, when the MWS RAT 1120a awakes from a sleep state, a Transport Control Message may be issued to determine a real time status of the WCN RAT 1120b.
• Transparent Data Messages contain data payload and are generated by higher-layer protocols.
• the MWS Inactivity Duration Message is a unidirectional message from the MWS RAT 1120a to the WCN RAT 1120b that provides a sleep indication duration.
• the MWS Scan Frequency Message is a unidirectional message from MWS RAT 1120a to the WCN RAT 1120b to notify the WCN RAT 1120b that the MWS RAT 1120a is performing a frequency scan.
• the MWS RAT 1120a and the WCN RAT 1120b are collocated within the multi-radio device 1100. Consequently, collocated interference 1102 is experienced when the MWS RAT 1120a and the WCN RAT 1120b operate on adjacent bands.
• the MWS RAT 1120a may be an LTE modem and the WCN RAT 1120b may be a BT or WLAN modem that operates within the ISM band.
• WCN e.g., BT and WLAN
• MWS e.g., an LTE modem
• interference may occur when the WCN RAT 1120b (e.g., an Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) radio) receives at the same time the MWS RAT 1120a in the device using a proximate frequency bandwidth (e.g., a Long Term Evolution (LTE) radio) transmits.
• a proximate frequency bandwidth e.g., a Long Term Evolution (LTE) radio
• interference may occur when the MWS RAT 1120a receives and the WCN RAT 1120b transmits.
• LTE Long Term Evolution
• One aspect of the present disclosure uses information about dynamic resource allocation in the MWS RAT to improve MWS and WCN radio access technology coexistence.
• One feature of LTE communications that may be exploited for purposes of coexistence management is the timing of scheduling of LTE communications.
• Downlink (DL) communications from a base station to a user equipment are scheduled via a downlink indication that tells the user equipment (UE) that the base station is sending data intended for that UE.
• a downlink indication that tells the user equipment (UE) that the base station is sending data intended for that UE.
• Such allocations may be broadcast to UEs served by the particular base station every 1 ms.
• a downlink allocation also called a downlink grant
• a base station will indicate to the UE the specific resource blocks that contain the data intended for the UE.
• FIGURE 12 is a diagram 1200 that shows downlink control information (to the left of the illustration) included in certain resource blocks of the subframe. Contained in that control information is a downlink grant indicating to the UE where in the subframe the UE may find the downlink resources that carry the downlink data destined for the UE.
• control information is a downlink grant indicating to the UE where in the subframe the UE may find the downlink resources that carry the downlink data destined for the UE.
• a base station typically notifies a UE of intended data sent during the same subframe as the downlink allocation.
• a downlink allocation sent to a UE during subframe 0 typically indicates that there is data intended for the UE in specific resource blocks in subframe 0.
• the 1 ms time frame may correspond to the instance in time that the indication of the time and frequency resources are communicated between the MWS RAT 1120a and the WCN RAT 1120b.
• Uplink (UL) communications from a user equipment (UE) to a network base station in LTE are similarly scheduled by the network. That is, a base station may send a message (uplink grant) to a UE indicating to the UE when the UE is scheduled to transmit to the base station and what specific resource blocks the UE is to use. Uplink grants are typically sent on the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH).
• PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel
• uplink grants may be sent in advance of the sub frames in which the UE is to perform uplink communications.
• an uplink grant may be sent in advance of the scheduled uplink time.
• the uplink grant may be sent to the UE during a downlink communication that is at least 4 subframes (i.e., 4 ms) ahead of when the uplink communication is to occur.
• an uplink grant sent during subframe 0 may indicate that the UE should transmit on certain resource blocks during subframe 4.
• FIGURE 13 is a timing diagram 1300 that shows the an uplink grant message sent from the base station to the UE during the downlink control portion of subframe n. That uplink grant message indicates to the receiving UE that the UE should transmit uplink data to the base station during subframe n+4.
• Advance knowledge of LTE communication activity may allow a UE, and in particular a coexistence manager, to coordinate activity between an LTE radio and ISM radio to reduce interference.
• the downlink grants and uplink grants identify to the UE the specific time and resource blocks to be used by an LTE radio for uplink and downlink communications.
• Other information such as expected LTE transmit power, may also be considered by a coexistence manager to determine whether interference between LTE activity and ISM activity is likely, and if so, how to adjust ISM activity to mitigate potential effects of such interference.
• a coexistence manager may not alter scheduled ISM communication activity. If, however, the communication resources used by the radios are sufficiently close together, the coexistence manager may halt or alter planned ISM communication activity to prevent interference. For example, as shown in the block diagram 1400 of FIGURE 14, the LTE resources 1402 are far enough away from an ISM communication band (also called a WCN operating band) 1410. As a result, a coexistence manager may not alter ISM communication activity. The LTE resources 1404, however, are close to the ISM communication band 1410. Due to the potential interference, the coexistence manager may alter ISM communication activity.
• ISM communication band also called a WCN operating band
• FIGURE 15 provides a block diagram 1500 that shows another example of LTE communication resources that may result in altered ISM communication activity.
• a coexistence manager may restrict ISM transmission (Tx) activity during a time period and frequency of expected LTE downlink control information.
• the coexistence manager may also consider the planned transmission power of the transmitting radio. If the transmission power is low, interference may be less likely. If the transmission power is high, interference may be more likely. In one aspect the coexistence manager may consider transmission power in the context of the distance between communication resource blocks to be used by the individual radios. For example, if an LTE radio is performing uplink communications using a high transmit power, the coexistence manager may halt or reschedule ISM downlink communications within a larger range of frequency than if the LTE radio were performing uplink communications using a low transmit power. Similarly, if an ISM radio is scheduled to perform uplink communications with a high power, the coexistence manager may halt or reschedule those ISM uplink
• FIGURE 16 is a graph 1600 that illustrates this relationship between transmission power and resource block separation in determining an allowable region for operation of ISM communications.
• a coexistence manager may reconfigure ISM communications based on planned LTE activity. For example, if a WiFi radio knows that an LTE radio is about to commence transmission, the WiFi radio may withhold a planned transition from 5 GHz operation to 2 GHz operation, as the 2 GHz operation is more likely to collide with the LTE uplink. Instead the WiFi radio may continue to operate in a 5 GHz band until the potential interference has passed. Thus, the WiFi radio may improve its performance by avoiding activity that is likely to be interfered with by the LTE uplink.
• FIGURE 17 is a block diagram illustrating method 1700 for using dynamic resource allocation information in an MWS RAT to improve MWS and WCN radio access technology coexistence according to one aspect of the present disclosure.
• a UE may receive an indication of time and frequency resources of future activity of a mobile wireless service (MWS) radio access technology (RAT), as shown in block 1702.
• MWS mobile wireless service
• RAT wireless connectivity network
• a UE may schedule communications of a wireless connectivity network (WCN) radio access technology (RAT) based at least in part on the indication of the time and frequency resources of the future activity, as shown in block 1704.
• WCN wireless connectivity network
• FIGURE 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 1800 employing a wireless communication system 1814.
• the wireless communication system 1814 may be implemented with a bus architecture, represented generally by a bus 1824.
• the bus 1824 may include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges depending on the specific application of the wireless communication system 1814 and the overall design constraints.
• the bus 1824 links together various circuits including one or more processors and/or hardware modules, represented by a processor 1826, a receiving module 1802, a scheduling module 1804, and a computer-readable medium 1828.
• the bus 1824 may also link various other circuits such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art, and therefore, will not be described any further.
• the apparatus includes the wireless communication system 1814 coupled to a transceiver 1822.
• the transceiver 1822 is coupled to one or more antennas 1820.
• the transceiver 1822 provides a means for communicating with various other apparatus over a transmission medium.
• the wireless communication system 1814 includes the processor 1826 coupled to the computer-readable medium 1828.
• the processor 1826 is responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer-readable medium 1828.
• the software when executed by the processor 1826, causes the wireless communication system 1814 to perform the various functions described supra for any particular apparatus.
• the computer-readable medium 1828 may also be used for storing data that is manipulated by the processor 1826 when executing software.
• the wireless communication system 1814 further includes the receiving module 1802 for receiving an indication of time and frequency resources of future activity of a mobile wireless service (MWS) radio access technology (RAT) and the scheduling module 1804 for scheduling communications of a wireless connectivity network (WCN) RAT based at least in part on the indication of the time and frequency resources of the future activity.
• the receiving module 1802 and the scheduling module 1804 may be software modules running in the processor 1826, resident/stored in the computer readable medium 1828, one or more hardware modules coupled to the processor 1826, or some combination thereof.
• the wireless communication system 1814 may be a component of the UE 250 and may include the memory 272 and/or the processor 270.
• the apparatus 1800 for wireless communication includes means for receiving
• the means may be the receiving module 1802 and/or the wireless communication system 1814 of the apparatus 1800 configured to perform the functions recited by the means.
• the means may include the receiving module 1802, processor 270/1826, memory 272, computer-readable medium 1828, receiver 254, transceiver 1822, antennae 252/1110/1820, resource monitoring module 1012, resource separation module 1014, coexistence manager 640 and/or coexistence interface 1130.
• the aforementioned means may be any module or any apparatus configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means.
• the apparatus 1800 for wireless communication includes means for scheduling.
• the means may be the scheduling module 1804 and/or the wireless communication system 1814 of the apparatus 1800 configured to perform the functions recited by the means.
• the means may include the scheduling module 1804, processor 270/1826, memory 272, computer-readable medium 1828, RAT scheduling module 1016, coexistence manager 640 and/or coexistence interface 1130.
• the aforementioned means may be any module or any apparatus configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means.
• DSP digital signal processor
• ASIC application specific integrated circuit
• FPGA field programmable gate array
• a general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine.
• a processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such
• a software module may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.
• An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium.
• the storage medium may be integral to the processor.
• the processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC.
• the ASIC may reside in a user terminal.
• the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a user terminal.

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• 2013
  • 2013-05-09 US US13/891,148 patent/US9131522B2/en active Active
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  • 2013-08-07 CN CN201380043483.7A patent/CN104584614B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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