EP2888529A1 - Method to manufacture a gas fired radiant emitter - Google Patents

Method to manufacture a gas fired radiant emitter

Info

Publication number
EP2888529A1
EP2888529A1 EP13756049.6A EP13756049A EP2888529A1 EP 2888529 A1 EP2888529 A1 EP 2888529A1 EP 13756049 A EP13756049 A EP 13756049A EP 2888529 A1 EP2888529 A1 EP 2888529A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coating layer
burner deck
gas fired
porous ceramic
ceramic burner
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13756049.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2888529B1 (en
Inventor
Nicolas Even
Eddy VERHEYDE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Solaronics SAS
Original Assignee
Solaronics SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Solaronics SAS filed Critical Solaronics SAS
Priority to EP13756049.6A priority Critical patent/EP2888529B1/en
Publication of EP2888529A1 publication Critical patent/EP2888529A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2888529B1 publication Critical patent/EP2888529B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/12—Radiant burners
    • F23D14/16—Radiant burners using permeable blocks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2203/00—Gaseous fuel burners
    • F23D2203/10—Flame diffusing means
    • F23D2203/105—Porous plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2203/00—Gaseous fuel burners
    • F23D2203/10—Flame diffusing means
    • F23D2203/106—Assemblies of different layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2212/00—Burner material specifications
    • F23D2212/10—Burner material specifications ceramic

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of gas fired radiant emitters, and more specifically to a method for manufacturing such an emitter, especially an emitter with a porous ceramic burner deck and having a coating layer on it that provides higher emissivity.
  • Such emitters are e.g. used in continuous drying installations in paper drying and coil coating.
  • coatings e.g. ceramic coatings
  • Such coatings can be applied to improve the lifetime or the performance of the surface of the gas burner.
  • Coatings can e.g. be applied that improve temperature resistance, increase emissivity (coefficient of emission) and/or thermal conductivity.
  • such coatings e.g. ceramic coatings
  • Such curing and/or sintering requires a heat treatment in an oven or a furnace during sufficient time to perform the curing and/or sintering process.
  • a layer of wet coating formulation (containing water, ceramic particles, an organic binder and additives) can be applied by various methods such as troweling, brushing, spraying or with a doctor blade onto the ceramics plate.
  • the coating layer is dried, e.g. in a dryer at 60 °C with moving air. Subsequently the coating layer is sintered in an oven, in which the organic binder is removed due to the high oven temperature and in which the ceramic coating layer is sintered.
  • JP55025773A2 discloses a burner with a honeycomb ceramic plate with perforated holes as combustion surface, which is provided with a coating layer on the combustion surface, in order to improve the heat conductivity (and to obtain a higher heating speed at ignition) of the radiation emitter.
  • a material with higher heat conductivity platinum, silver, magnesium, or the like
  • an inorganic binding material such as glass, alumina, silica, and alkali silicate
  • US 5782629 relates to a porous surface radiant burner assembly provided with a porous burner substrate having a surface including a layer of zircon and an overlying layer of zirconia formed in situ upon exposing the zircon layer to radiant burner operating conditions.
  • the porous surface burner substrate can be in the form of a mat of randomly oriented fibers coated with zircon. The coating is cured and/or sintered in a suitable oven.
  • the zircon layer is exposed to the intended operating conditions of the radiant burner wherein during the initial degradation of the zircon layer, a continuous, adherent layer of zirconia is formed in overlying relationship to the layer of zircon to resist further degradation, thereby increasing the lifetime of the radiant burner.
  • the primary objective of the invention is to provide a more simple method for the production of a gas fired radiant emitter that comprises a coating layer of higher emissivity on and firmly adhering to the ceramic burner deck of the gas fired radiant emitter.
  • a method is claimed to produce a gas fired radiant emitterwith increased emissivity.
  • the method comprises the steps of
  • porous ceramic burner deck e.g. a perforated ceramic burner deck.
  • perforated ceramic burner decks are perforated tiles of ceramic material; use of honeycomb ceramic plates is of particular interest.
  • Preferred porous ceramic burner decks have through perforations, e.g. perforated honeycomb ceramic plates with through perforations.
  • a wet coating layer on the porous ceramic burner deck, wherein the wet coating layer comprises ceramic particles and/or metallic particles that will form a coating layer with increased emissivity (e.g. a wet coating layer comprising suitable ceramic particles and/or possibly suitable metallic particles) compared to the porous ceramic burner deck without the coating layer.
  • a wet coating layer is meant that a suspension or slurry of particles in water or in a solvent is applied in liquid or viscous state.
  • Such a suspension or slurry formulation can comprise - besides water and/or solvent, ceramic particles and/or metallic particles - also other ingredients such as dispersing aids (e.g.
  • Preferred viscosity ranges for the dispersion when applying it onto the porous ceramic burner deck are between 10 and 25000 centipoise, further preferred ranges depend on the method of application of the suspension onto the porous ceramic burner deck.
  • the problems of the prior art are solved by performing the sintering and/or curing of the coating layer by operating the gas fired radiant emitter in which the porous ceramic burner deck is mounted, via supplying combustible gas to it and igniting the combustible gas after it has flown through the porous ceramic burner deck, whereby the uncured and/or unsintered coating layer is transformed into a sintered and/or cured coating layer adhering to the porous ceramic burner deck.
  • This way, a more simple sintering and/or curing process of the coating layer is achieved and no oven is required to generate the thermal energy required to sinter and/or cure the coating layer.
  • sintering and/or curing is meant that bonding, via sintered bonds and/or cured bonds, is obtained between particles of the coating layer itself; and between particles of the coating layer and the porous ceramic burner deck.
  • the adhesion between the coating layer and the porous ceramic burner deck is achieved by means of sintered and/or cured bonds.
  • a strong coating layer is obtained on the porous ceramic burner deck surface.
  • the coating layer is resisting mechanical action, e.g. scratching.
  • the sintering and/or curing is creating bonds between particles.
  • the fact that sintering and/or curing has been taken place can be observed by a difference in colour of the sintered and/or cured coating layer compared to the coating in uncured state.
  • drying is meant that water or solvent is removed from the coating layer. Drying of the wet coating layer can be performed at room temperature (e.g. during one or more days, e.g. during 2 or 3 days), or in an oven at elevated temperatures (e.g. at temperatures between 50° and 100°C, e.g. at 80°C or 100°C) during a shorter time period. Drying at room temperature has the benefit that no specific drying equipment (e.g. oven) nor energy are required.
  • particles of the coating slurry of dispersion is within the range of 0.1 micrometre to 10 micrometre.
  • a more preferred range is between 0.1 micrometre and 3 micrometre, even more preferred between 0.1 and 2 micrometre. Such ranges have the benefit that an improved sintering and/or curing quality is obtained of the coating layer when used in the invention.
  • Ceramic materials that can be used for the porous ceramic burner deck are cordierite or zirconia; partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ), alumina, silicon carbides or other high level technical ceramics. Also possible is the use of aluminum titanates, silicon oxides, corundum or mullite, silicon nitrides or metal-infiltrated ceramics, such as silicon- infiltrated silicon carbide as material for the porous ceramic burner deck.
  • Ceramic particles inorganic, non-metallic particles that when cured and/or sintered in a coating layer result in a ceramic layer.
  • ceramic particles for the invention are oxides, silicates, carbides, titanates and nitrides.
  • Some specific ceramic particles can be added in the recipe to reduce the temperature required for sintering, examples are yttrium oxide or yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG, Y3AI 5 O12). The benefit is that sintering is.
  • Preferred metallic particles that can be used for the coating layer are e.g. platinum, silver, magnesium. It is preferred that if metallic particles are used in the coating layer, they are combined with ceramic particles (thus the coating recipe contains metallic and ceramic particles), as such combination leads to a durable coating layer when the method of the invention is applied to make a gas fired radiant emitter. A further benefit is that such recipes can reduce the temperature that is required for sintering, facilitating the sintering according to the invention.
  • method of the invention comprise one or more radiant screens above the porous ceramic burner deck.
  • the gas fired radiation emitters are assembled after drying the wet coating layer that is applied onto the porous ceramic burner deck.
  • the different parts of the gas fired radiation emitter are then assembled together (body, porous ceramic burner deck, one or more radiant screens if present and other parts if present) forming the gas fired radiant emitter after which the sintering and/or curing is performed by operating the gas fired radiant emitter in which the porous ceramic burner deck is mounted, via supplying combustible gas to it and igniting the combustible gas after it has flown through the porous ceramic burner deck
  • the operating of the gas fired radiant emitter to sinter and/or cure the coating layer is performed after the gas fired radiant emitter is installed in a continuous dryer installation.
  • a continuous dryer installation can be an installation through which sheet or web like material is continuously led through to treat it. Examples are in the drying of paper or in the drying and/or curing of coatings of sheet metal.
  • Such continuous dryer installations can comprise gas fired radiant emitters installed in different groups in the dryer installation.
  • the operating of the gas fired radiant emitter to sinter and/or cure the coating layer is performed when the continuous dryer installation is installed in the premises where it is used.
  • the curing and/or sintering is performed when the continuous dryer installation is in use (e.g. drying a paper web, or drying or curing a coating on sheet metal).
  • Such embodiment has the additional benefit that the thermal energy generated for the sintering and/or curing - that would otherwise be lost - is used functionally in the drying installation for drying the web (e.g. paper or metal sheet) that is treated in the installation, without any negative effect occurring.
  • the gas fired radiant emitter is a replacement gas fired radiation emitter; and the sintering and/or curing of the coating layer is performed by operating the gas fired radiant emitter after installing (thereby replacing another emitter which can be broken or damaged) the replacement gas fired radiant emitter in the continuous dryer installation in which it will be used.
  • the sintering and/or curing of the coating layer is preferably performed with the continuous dryer installation in use, e.g. drying paper web or a coating layer on sheet metal, resulting in efficient use of energy.
  • the sintering and/or curing after replacing a block or group of gas fired radiant emitters (e.g. when they are replaced because performance of the gas fired radiant emitters is reduced). Gas fired radiated emitters can also be replaced because the ones installed have, by conception, lesser characteristics such as emissivity, efficiency, power density or lifetime than the ones with which they are replaced. [24] In another example of the invention, the sintering and/or curing is performed away from the continuous dryer installation in which the gas fired radiation burner will be used.
  • the sintering and/or curing can be performed by installing the radiant emitter in a bench in which it is supplied with combustible gas and ignited to sinter and/or cure the coating layer.
  • a higher quality sintering and/or curing can be performed as the power (e.g. gas mixture) supplied to the gas fired radiant emitters can be tuned better.
  • Such method can also be preferred for gas fired radiant emitters that will be used as spares and could lie a long time in a warehouse: the sintering and/or curing is then performed relatively shortly after coating and prior to - possibly long - storage in a warehouse which avoids deterioration of the uncured/ unsintered coating layer that could possibly occur when storing an unsintered/ uncured gas fired radiant emitter with an unsintered/ uncured coating layer during a long time.
  • the coating layer has - after sintering and/or curing - an emissivity (coefficient of emission) that is higher, preferably at least 30% higher, more preferably 50% higher, even more preferably 75% higher - and even more preferably more than 100% higher - than the emissivity (coefficient of emission) of the surface in uncoated state of the ceramic burner deck. It is a benefit that higher infrared emission is obtained, increasing the performance of the drying installation in which such a gas fired radiant emitter is used. Such increase of the emissivity (coefficient of emission) can e.g. be obtained by using silicon carbide as ceramic particles in the coating, or at least using silicon carbide as ceramic particles in the top layer of the wet coating.
  • the suspension or slurry of particles in water or in a solvent that is applied to form the wet coating layer can be made via mixing appropriate ingredients.
  • a suspension or slurry formulation can comprise - besides water and/or solvent, ceramic particles and/or metallic particles - also other ingredients such as dispersing aids (e.g. surfactants), antifoaming agents, an organic binder and a thickener (product to adjust the viscosity of the dispersion).
  • the coating layer is applied in wet or viscous state onto the porous ceramic burner deck, e.g. with viscosity in the range 10 and 25000 centipoise and e.g. by means of spraying or dipping.
  • a preferred range for the viscosity is 10 to 2000 centipoise, more preferred 10 to 500 centipoise.
  • preferred ranges for the viscosity is 5000 to 25000 centipoise, more preferably 15000 to 25000 centipoise.
  • the wet coating layer does not comprise zirconium silicate, as presence of zirconium silicate is negative for the lifetime of the radiant emitter.
  • the coating layer is devoid of the element zirconium.
  • the coating layer comprises silicon carbide. Even more preferred is when at least 50% by weight, more preferably at least 75% by weight, of the total amount of ceramic particles in the coating layer is silicon carbide. Silicon carbide particles have shown to result in high quality sintered / cured layers when using the sintering and/or curing method as in the invention while providing a coating layer with high coefficient in emission, beneficial for the performance of the gas fired radiant emitter.
  • At least two wet coating layers are applied on top of each other for the formation of a ceramic coating layer.
  • One or both comprise ceramic particles.
  • a first wet coating layer (meaning the first coating layer applied onto the porous ceramic burner deck) has a similar composition in terms of ceramic particles as the burner deck on which the coating layer is applied.
  • the first wet coating layer does not comprise zirconium silicate.
  • the first coating layer is devoid of products that comprise the element zirconium.
  • a second coating layer can be applied - preferably after drying the first coating layer - that has a specific composition to reach specific
  • the second wet coating layer does not comprise zirconium silicate.
  • the second coating layer is devoid of products that comprise the element zirconium.
  • both coating layers are sintered and/or cured in one and the same process. It is a benefit of this embodiment that excellent adhesion of the resulting coating layer to the porous ceramic burner deck is obtained, while obtaining targeted functional performance (a high coefficient of emission) of the sintered and/or cured coating layer.
  • the top coating layer is comprising silicon
  • the top coating layer is the coating layer that is applied last when applying a multiple of coating layers to form the final coating layer.
  • the ceramic particles in the top coating layer are for more than 90% by weight of the ceramic particles of the second coating layer silicon carbide.
  • the ceramic particles are similar in type and/or content as in the ceramic burner deck.
  • the top layer comprises ceramic particles selected to create high emissivity.
  • Intermediate layers can be selected to optimize adhesion between the first layer and the top layer, comprising e.g.
  • compositions that contain a mix or mixes of the ceramic particles of the first layer and the ceramic particles of the top layer. If several intermediate layers are used, preferably the intermediate layers comprise an increasing amount of ceramic particles of the top layer from the first to the last intermediate layer (as counted from the first layer that is applied onto the burner deck).
  • the coating is applied in such a way that after sintering and/or curing the coating layer has an average thickness within the range of 10 - 500 micrometre, preferably within the range of 10 - 100 micrometre, more preferably 10 - 60 micrometre.
  • Such thickness range has shown to have synergetic benefits in that the sintering and/or curing process can be performed easily according to the invention resulting in a good quality sintered and/or cured coating layer that is covering the roughness of the porous ceramic burner deck (e.g. a perforated porous ceramic burner deck, e.g. a perforated porous ceramic burner deck that has through perforations) and avoids filing the perforations of the porous ceramic burner deck.
  • a perforated porous ceramic burner deck e.g. a perforated porous ceramic burner deck, e.g. a perforated porous ceramic burner deck that has through perforations
  • the thickness of the coating layer can be measured using SEM, after making a cross section of the porous ceramic burner deck.
  • the wet coating layer is applied on only part of the surface of the porous ceramic burner deck.
  • the location of the coating layer can be selected to optimize performance of the coating layer and/or of the gas fired radiant emitter.
  • One way of execution of this embodiment is when the porous ceramic burner deck comprises two or more ceramic tiles that are positioned next to each other. One or more of the ceramic tiles can be coated, while others are not.
  • a central part of the porous ceramic burner deck is provided with a coating layer.
  • the top part of the porous ceramic burner deck of the gas fired radiant emitter is provided with a coating layer. It is beneficial to provide the parts or regions of the porous ceramic burner deck that in use get the highest temperature with a functional coating to increase the emissivity locally. This way, more thermal energy is radiated from such regions, cooling the burner deck in such regions thereby increasing lifetime of the radiant emitter.
  • the wet coating layer is devoid of an organic binder.
  • the wet coating layer comprises an organic binder. Such method can be beneficial to create porosity of the
  • cured/sintered coating layer (as the organic binder is burnt during the curing and/or sintering) which can in certain applications be beneficial for the distribution of the combustible gas when using porous ceramic burner decks with fine pores through which the combustible gas is flowing.
  • Figure 1 shows an example of a gas fired radiant emitter made according to the method of the invention.
  • Figure 1 shows a gas fired radiant emitter 1 , comprising a housing with a body 2 which together with a peripheral band 3 encloses a plate shaped burner deck (consisting out of two perforated ceramic tiles 5a and 5b) and a screen 6 (figure 1 shows a radiant burner with one screen, in a similar way radiant burners with two superimposed parallel screens can also be provided).
  • the body 2 has an inlet 8 which connects to a premixing space 9.
  • the premixing space is delimited between the body 2 and the burner deck which is formed by the perforated ceramic tiles 5a, 5b.
  • the outer side of the burner deck 5a, 5b which is directed towards the combustion space 10 is referred to as the burner surface 1 1
  • the rest of the burner deck 5a, 5b is referred to as the base.
  • the burner deck formed by the perforated ceramic tiles 5a, 5b has a
  • a fuel mixture for example a gas/air mixture
  • the fuel mixture can then ignite or be ignited in this combustion space 10 after which it heats up at least the burner surface 1 1 of the burner deck 5a, 5b as well as the screen 6 to a temperature of approximately 900-1300 °C.
  • This high temperature has the effect of making both the screen 6 and the outer burner surface 1 1 red hot such that they start to produce significant infrared radiation or radiant heat flux.
  • the burner surface 1 1 comprises a plurality of slits 12 positioned adjacent one another.
  • the bottoms of the slits 12 are referred to as the inner/lowest level and the top sides of the wall parts delimiting the slits 12 are referred to as the outer/highest level of the burner surface 1 1 .
  • the burner deck here extends in a vertical direction and is built up of two perforated ceramic tiles 5a, 5b positioned above one another.
  • the burner surface of the upper perforated ceramic tile 5b is provided with a coating layer 15, whereas the burner surface of the lower perforated ceramic tile 5a has remained uncovered. It is also possible according to the invention to apply the coating layer on both perforated ceramic tiles 5a and 5 b.
  • the coating layer 15 is applied on the porous ceramic
  • the coating layer is dried at room temperature during 2 days after which the perforated ceramic tile(s) 5a, 5b can be mounted into the gas fired radiant emitter 1 to form its burner deck. Sintering and curing of the coating layer was performed by mounting the gas fired radiant emitter 1 into the continuous drying installation and supplying combustible gas to the gas fired radiant emitter 1 on the continuous drying installation, with the installation being in use drying a paper web.
  • An example is to manufacture the perforated ceramic tile out of cordierite and to apply onto it a wet coating comprising silicon carbide as ceramic particles. Good quality curing was obtained and the cured coating generated a coefficient of emission that was 30% higher compared to a similar porous ceramic burner deck without coating layer.
  • An example for a coating (slurry or dispersion) formulation as can be used in the invention is as follows: 50 gram of a surfactant is added to 1 kg of water while stirring. Added is 2 kg of silicon carbide powder during intensive stirring. A viscosity of 500 centipoise is obtained. Such a slurry was applied onto a porous ceramic burner deck by means of spraying. In other examples, small amounts of ceramic additives, up to 3% by weight of the amount of silicon carbide have been added. Such additives are e.g. aluminium oxide, and/or yttrium oxide and/or yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG, Y3AI 5 O12). Such additives facilitate the sintering and curing of the coating layer.
  • compatibility layer can for example be a mix between the material out of which the porous ceramic burner deck is made of and the material of the top coating layer, or a layer of material out of which the porous ceramic burner deck is made.
  • a ceramic burner deck made out of cordierite was coated with a first wet coating layer comprising cordierite particles and a second wet coating layer comprising silicon carbide particles.
  • a ceramic burner deck was made out of aluminum oxide and coated with a first wet coating layer comprising aluminum oxide particles and with a second wet coating layer comprising silicon carbide particles.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for manufacturinga gas fired radiant emitter with increased emissivity. The method comprises the steps of - providing a porous ceramic burner deck, e.g. a perforated ceramic burner deck, - applying a wet coating layer on the porous ceramic burner deck, wherein the wet coating layer comprises ceramic particles and/or metallic particles that will form a coating layer with increased emissivity compared to the porous ceramic burner deck without the coating layer, - sintering and/or curing the coating layer, whereby the sintering and/or curing is performed by operating the gas fired radiant emitter in which the porous ceramic burner deck is mounted, via supplying combustible gas to the radiant emitter and igniting the combustible gas after it has flown through the porous ceramic burner deck, whereby the uncured and/or unsintered coating layer is transformed into a sintered and/or cured coating layer adhering to the porous ceramic burner deck via sintered and/or cured bonds.

Description

Method to manufacture a gas fired radiant emitter
Description
Technical Field
[1 ] The invention relates to the field of gas fired radiant emitters, and more specifically to a method for manufacturing such an emitter, especially an emitter with a porous ceramic burner deck and having a coating layer on it that provides higher emissivity. Such emitters are e.g. used in continuous drying installations in paper drying and coil coating.
Background Art
[2] The use of coatings, e.g. ceramic coatings, on the surface of gas burners is known. Such coatings can be applied to improve the lifetime or the performance of the surface of the gas burner. Coatings can e.g. be applied that improve temperature resistance, increase emissivity (coefficient of emission) and/or thermal conductivity.
[3] For durability and adhesion, such coatings (e.g. ceramic coatings) need to be cured and/or sintered after being applied to the surface of the gas burner. Such curing and/or sintering requires a heat treatment in an oven or a furnace during sufficient time to perform the curing and/or sintering process.
[4] US4568595 - not directed to a burner plate - discloses a process to
provide a ceramic coating layer on a reticulated ceramics plate. A layer of wet coating formulation (containing water, ceramic particles, an organic binder and additives) can be applied by various methods such as troweling, brushing, spraying or with a doctor blade onto the ceramics plate. The coating layer is dried, e.g. in a dryer at 60 °C with moving air. Subsequently the coating layer is sintered in an oven, in which the organic binder is removed due to the high oven temperature and in which the ceramic coating layer is sintered.
[5] JP55025773A2 discloses a burner with a honeycomb ceramic plate with perforated holes as combustion surface, which is provided with a coating layer on the combustion surface, in order to improve the heat conductivity (and to obtain a higher heating speed at ignition) of the radiation emitter. To this end, a material with higher heat conductivity (platinum, silver, magnesium, or the like) is mixed with an inorganic binding material such as glass, alumina, silica, and alkali silicate, in water or in a solvent. The solution is coated on the honeycomb ceramic plate. The coating layer is baked in an oven at 1000 °C to form a film of coating on the combustion surface.
[6] US 5782629 relates to a porous surface radiant burner assembly provided with a porous burner substrate having a surface including a layer of zircon and an overlying layer of zirconia formed in situ upon exposing the zircon layer to radiant burner operating conditions. The porous surface burner substrate can be in the form of a mat of randomly oriented fibers coated with zircon. The coating is cured and/or sintered in a suitable oven.
Preferably in the method of making the porous burner substrate, the zircon layer is exposed to the intended operating conditions of the radiant burner wherein during the initial degradation of the zircon layer, a continuous, adherent layer of zirconia is formed in overlying relationship to the layer of zircon to resist further degradation, thereby increasing the lifetime of the radiant burner.
[7] It is a problem of the state of the art methods that a curing and/or sintering step is required in an oven or furnace in order to transform the uncured emissivity increasing coating layer into a coating layer firmly adhering to the surface of the burner, such step requires additional equipment, investments, labour and energy.
Disclosure of Invention
[8] The primary objective of the invention is to provide a more simple method for the production of a gas fired radiant emitter that comprises a coating layer of higher emissivity on and firmly adhering to the ceramic burner deck of the gas fired radiant emitter.
[9] According to a first aspect of the invention a method is claimed to produce a gas fired radiant emitterwith increased emissivity. The method comprises the steps of
- Providing a porous ceramic burner deck, e.g. a perforated ceramic burner deck. Examples of such perforated ceramic burner decks are perforated tiles of ceramic material; use of honeycomb ceramic plates is of particular interest. Preferred porous ceramic burner decks have through perforations, e.g. perforated honeycomb ceramic plates with through perforations.
- Applying a wet coating layer on the porous ceramic burner deck, wherein the wet coating layer comprises ceramic particles and/or metallic particles that will form a coating layer with increased emissivity (e.g. a wet coating layer comprising suitable ceramic particles and/or possibly suitable metallic particles) compared to the porous ceramic burner deck without the coating layer. With the application of a wet coating layer is meant that a suspension or slurry of particles in water or in a solvent is applied in liquid or viscous state. Such a suspension or slurry formulation can comprise - besides water and/or solvent, ceramic particles and/or metallic particles - also other ingredients such as dispersing aids (e.g. surfactants), antifoaming agents, an organic binder and a thickener (product to adjust the viscosity of the dispersion or slurry). Preferred viscosity ranges for the dispersion when applying it onto the porous ceramic burner deck are between 10 and 25000 centipoise, further preferred ranges depend on the method of application of the suspension onto the porous ceramic burner deck.
The problems of the prior art are solved by performing the sintering and/or curing of the coating layer by operating the gas fired radiant emitter in which the porous ceramic burner deck is mounted, via supplying combustible gas to it and igniting the combustible gas after it has flown through the porous ceramic burner deck, whereby the uncured and/or unsintered coating layer is transformed into a sintered and/or cured coating layer adhering to the porous ceramic burner deck. This way, a more simple sintering and/or curing process of the coating layer is achieved and no oven is required to generate the thermal energy required to sinter and/or cure the coating layer.
With sintering and/or curing is meant that bonding, via sintered bonds and/or cured bonds, is obtained between particles of the coating layer itself; and between particles of the coating layer and the porous ceramic burner deck. The adhesion between the coating layer and the porous ceramic burner deck is achieved by means of sintered and/or cured bonds. This way, a strong coating layer is obtained on the porous ceramic burner deck surface. With a strong coating layer is meant that the coating layer is resisting mechanical action, e.g. scratching. The sintering and/or curing is creating bonds between particles. With most coating layers, the fact that sintering and/or curing has been taken place can be observed by a difference in colour of the sintered and/or cured coating layer compared to the coating in uncured state.
[1 1 ] Sintering and/or curing according to the invention can normally be
accomplished in 1 to 2 hours of firing of the radiant emitter. This can e.g. be checked in a simple way by scratching the coating layer and observing a good adhesion of the coating layer to the porous ceramic burner deck. An alternative way of checking that curing and/or sintering has taken place is by observing the colour change of the coating layer.
[12] Prior to sintering and/or curing the coating, it is recommended to dry the coating layer to obtain a coating layer of higher quality. With drying is meant that water or solvent is removed from the coating layer. Drying of the wet coating layer can be performed at room temperature (e.g. during one or more days, e.g. during 2 or 3 days), or in an oven at elevated temperatures (e.g. at temperatures between 50° and 100°C, e.g. at 80°C or 100°C) during a shorter time period. Drying at room temperature has the benefit that no specific drying equipment (e.g. oven) nor energy are required.
[13] Preferred ranges for the particle size of the ceramic and/or metallic
particles of the coating slurry of dispersion is within the range of 0.1 micrometre to 10 micrometre. A more preferred range is between 0.1 micrometre and 3 micrometre, even more preferred between 0.1 and 2 micrometre. Such ranges have the benefit that an improved sintering and/or curing quality is obtained of the coating layer when used in the invention.
[14] Examples of ceramic materials that can be used for the porous ceramic burner deck are cordierite or zirconia; partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ), alumina, silicon carbides or other high level technical ceramics. Also possible is the use of aluminum titanates, silicon oxides, corundum or mullite, silicon nitrides or metal-infiltrated ceramics, such as silicon- infiltrated silicon carbide as material for the porous ceramic burner deck.
[15] With ceramic particles is meant inorganic, non-metallic particles that when cured and/or sintered in a coating layer result in a ceramic layer. Examples of ceramic particles for the invention are oxides, silicates, carbides, titanates and nitrides.
[16] Some specific ceramic particles can be added in the recipe to reduce the temperature required for sintering, examples are yttrium oxide or yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG, Y3AI5O12). The benefit is that sintering is.
[17] Preferred metallic particles that can be used for the coating layer are e.g. platinum, silver, magnesium. It is preferred that if metallic particles are used in the coating layer, they are combined with ceramic particles (thus the coating recipe contains metallic and ceramic particles), as such combination leads to a durable coating layer when the method of the invention is applied to make a gas fired radiant emitter. A further benefit is that such recipes can reduce the temperature that is required for sintering, facilitating the sintering according to the invention.
[18] Preferred gas fired radiation emitters that are made according to the
method of the invention comprise one or more radiant screens above the porous ceramic burner deck.
[19] In a preferred method, the gas fired radiation emitters are assembled after drying the wet coating layer that is applied onto the porous ceramic burner deck. The different parts of the gas fired radiation emitter are then assembled together (body, porous ceramic burner deck, one or more radiant screens if present and other parts if present) forming the gas fired radiant emitter after which the sintering and/or curing is performed by operating the gas fired radiant emitter in which the porous ceramic burner deck is mounted, via supplying combustible gas to it and igniting the combustible gas after it has flown through the porous ceramic burner deck
[20] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the operating of the gas fired radiant emitter to sinter and/or cure the coating layer is performed after the gas fired radiant emitter is installed in a continuous dryer installation. Such a continuous dryer installation can be an installation through which sheet or web like material is continuously led through to treat it. Examples are in the drying of paper or in the drying and/or curing of coatings of sheet metal. Such continuous dryer installations can comprise gas fired radiant emitters installed in different groups in the dryer installation.
[21 ] Even more preferred is when the operating of the gas fired radiant emitter to sinter and/or cure the coating layer is performed when the continuous dryer installation is installed in the premises where it is used. Even more preferred is when the curing and/or sintering is performed when the continuous dryer installation is in use (e.g. drying a paper web, or drying or curing a coating on sheet metal). Such embodiment has the additional benefit that the thermal energy generated for the sintering and/or curing - that would otherwise be lost - is used functionally in the drying installation for drying the web (e.g. paper or metal sheet) that is treated in the installation, without any negative effect occurring.
[22] In a specific embodiment the gas fired radiant emitter is a replacement gas fired radiation emitter; and the sintering and/or curing of the coating layer is performed by operating the gas fired radiant emitter after installing (thereby replacing another emitter which can be broken or damaged) the replacement gas fired radiant emitter in the continuous dryer installation in which it will be used.
The sintering and/or curing of the coating layer is preferably performed with the continuous dryer installation in use, e.g. drying paper web or a coating layer on sheet metal, resulting in efficient use of energy.
[23] It is possible to perform the sintering and/or curing after replacing a block or group of gas fired radiant emitters (e.g. when they are replaced because performance of the gas fired radiant emitters is reduced). Gas fired radiated emitters can also be replaced because the ones installed have, by conception, lesser characteristics such as emissivity, efficiency, power density or lifetime than the ones with which they are replaced. [24] In another example of the invention, the sintering and/or curing is performed away from the continuous dryer installation in which the gas fired radiation burner will be used. In such utilisation of the invention, the sintering and/or curing can be performed by installing the radiant emitter in a bench in which it is supplied with combustible gas and ignited to sinter and/or cure the coating layer. Such exemplary method has the benefit that no separate oven and heating/firing system is required to sinter and/or cure the coating, while a higher quality sintering and/or curing can be performed as the power (e.g. gas mixture) supplied to the gas fired radiant emitters can be tuned better. Such method can also be preferred for gas fired radiant emitters that will be used as spares and could lie a long time in a warehouse: the sintering and/or curing is then performed relatively shortly after coating and prior to - possibly long - storage in a warehouse which avoids deterioration of the uncured/ unsintered coating layer that could possibly occur when storing an unsintered/ uncured gas fired radiant emitter with an unsintered/ uncured coating layer during a long time.
[25] In a preferred method, the coating layer has - after sintering and/or curing - an emissivity (coefficient of emission) that is higher, preferably at least 30% higher, more preferably 50% higher, even more preferably 75% higher - and even more preferably more than 100% higher - than the emissivity (coefficient of emission) of the surface in uncoated state of the ceramic burner deck. It is a benefit that higher infrared emission is obtained, increasing the performance of the drying installation in which such a gas fired radiant emitter is used. Such increase of the emissivity (coefficient of emission) can e.g. be obtained by using silicon carbide as ceramic particles in the coating, or at least using silicon carbide as ceramic particles in the top layer of the wet coating.
[26] The suspension or slurry of particles in water or in a solvent that is applied to form the wet coating layer can be made via mixing appropriate ingredients. Such a suspension or slurry formulation can comprise - besides water and/or solvent, ceramic particles and/or metallic particles - also other ingredients such as dispersing aids (e.g. surfactants), antifoaming agents, an organic binder and a thickener (product to adjust the viscosity of the dispersion). Preferably the coating layer is applied in wet or viscous state onto the porous ceramic burner deck, e.g. with viscosity in the range 10 and 25000 centipoise and e.g. by means of spraying or dipping. Further preferred ranges depend on the method of application of the suspension or slurry onto the porous ceramic burner deck. When spraying is used, a preferred range for the viscosity is 10 to 2000 centipoise, more preferred 10 to 500 centipoise. When dipping is used, preferred ranges for the viscosity is 5000 to 25000 centipoise, more preferably 15000 to 25000 centipoise.
[27] Preferably, the wet coating layer does not comprise zirconium silicate, as presence of zirconium silicate is negative for the lifetime of the radiant emitter.
[28] Preferably, the coating layer is devoid of the element zirconium.
[29] In a preferred method, the coating layer comprises silicon carbide. Even more preferred is when at least 50% by weight, more preferably at least 75% by weight, of the total amount of ceramic particles in the coating layer is silicon carbide. Silicon carbide particles have shown to result in high quality sintered / cured layers when using the sintering and/or curing method as in the invention while providing a coating layer with high coefficient in emission, beneficial for the performance of the gas fired radiant emitter.
[30] In a preferred method at least two wet coating layers are applied on top of each other for the formation of a ceramic coating layer. One or both comprise ceramic particles.
[31 ] When several (more than one) coating layers are applied, it is preferred to dry a coating layer after it has been applied in wet state, prior to applying another wet coating layer. It is also preferred to dry a last coating layer applied in wet stated prior to sintering and/or curing the coating layers.
[32] Preferably, a first wet coating layer (meaning the first coating layer applied onto the porous ceramic burner deck) has a similar composition in terms of ceramic particles as the burner deck on which the coating layer is applied. Preferably, the first wet coating layer does not comprise zirconium silicate. Preferably, the first coating layer is devoid of products that comprise the element zirconium.
A second coating layer can be applied - preferably after drying the first coating layer - that has a specific composition to reach specific
performance objectives, e.g. a high coefficient of emission of the burner deck. Preferably, the second wet coating layer does not comprise zirconium silicate.
Preferably, the second coating layer is devoid of products that comprise the element zirconium.
Preferably, both coating layers are sintered and/or cured in one and the same process. It is a benefit of this embodiment that excellent adhesion of the resulting coating layer to the porous ceramic burner deck is obtained, while obtaining targeted functional performance (a high coefficient of emission) of the sintered and/or cured coating layer.
[33] In a specific embodiment, the top coating layer is comprising silicon
carbide. The top coating layer is the coating layer that is applied last when applying a multiple of coating layers to form the final coating layer.
Preferably, the ceramic particles in the top coating layer are for more than 90% by weight of the ceramic particles of the second coating layer silicon carbide.
[34] Similarly, three (or even more) coating layers can be applied. Preferably, in the first layer (the layer first applied onto the porous ceramic burner deck) the ceramic particles are similar in type and/or content as in the ceramic burner deck. The top layer comprises ceramic particles selected to create high emissivity. Intermediate layers can be selected to optimize adhesion between the first layer and the top layer, comprising e.g.
compositions that contain a mix or mixes of the ceramic particles of the first layer and the ceramic particles of the top layer. If several intermediate layers are used, preferably the intermediate layers comprise an increasing amount of ceramic particles of the top layer from the first to the last intermediate layer (as counted from the first layer that is applied onto the burner deck).
[35] Preferably, the coating is applied in such a way that after sintering and/or curing the coating layer has an average thickness within the range of 10 - 500 micrometre, preferably within the range of 10 - 100 micrometre, more preferably 10 - 60 micrometre.
It is e.g. possible to use spraying to obtain a coating layer within the thickness range of 10 - 60 micrometre. Such thickness range has shown to have synergetic benefits in that the sintering and/or curing process can be performed easily according to the invention resulting in a good quality sintered and/or cured coating layer that is covering the roughness of the porous ceramic burner deck (e.g. a perforated porous ceramic burner deck, e.g. a perforated porous ceramic burner deck that has through perforations) and avoids filing the perforations of the porous ceramic burner deck.
The thickness of the coating layer can be measured using SEM, after making a cross section of the porous ceramic burner deck.
[36] In a specific embodiment, the wet coating layer is applied on only part of the surface of the porous ceramic burner deck. The location of the coating layer can be selected to optimize performance of the coating layer and/or of the gas fired radiant emitter. One way of execution of this embodiment is when the porous ceramic burner deck comprises two or more ceramic tiles that are positioned next to each other. One or more of the ceramic tiles can be coated, while others are not.
In another way of execution, only part of the burner deck is coated.
It is also possible to apply different coating compositions in different areas of the burner deck, e.g. different coatings of different ceramic tiles that are combined to form the porous ceramic burner deck.
It is a benefit of such embodiment that specific properties can be created on part or parts of the porous ceramic burner deck.
[37] In a specific embodiment, only a central part of the porous ceramic burner deck is provided with a coating layer. In another specific embodiment, the top part of the porous ceramic burner deck of the gas fired radiant emitter is provided with a coating layer. It is beneficial to provide the parts or regions of the porous ceramic burner deck that in use get the highest temperature with a functional coating to increase the emissivity locally. This way, more thermal energy is radiated from such regions, cooling the burner deck in such regions thereby increasing lifetime of the radiant emitter.
[38] In a preferred method, the wet coating layer is devoid of an organic binder.
An organic binder could create adhesion after drying, but would burn out in sintering and/or curing resulting in increased porosity of the sintered and/or cured coating layer, which would reduce the mechanical strength and/or durability of the coating layer. Trials have shown that slurry formulations without organic binder allowed to obtain sintered and/or cured coating layers with good adhesion and good performance when using the method of the invention.
When using a perforated ceramic burner deck, the flow of the combustion gas is through the perforated holes (which are not covered by coating).
[39] In another preferred method, the wet coating layer comprises an organic binder. Such method can be beneficial to create porosity of the
cured/sintered coating layer (as the organic binder is burnt during the curing and/or sintering) which can in certain applications be beneficial for the distribution of the combustible gas when using porous ceramic burner decks with fine pores through which the combustible gas is flowing.
Brief Description of Figures in the Drawings
[40] Figure 1 shows an example of a gas fired radiant emitter made according to the method of the invention.
Mode(s) for Carrying Out the Invention
[41 ] Figure 1 shows a gas fired radiant emitter 1 , comprising a housing with a body 2 which together with a peripheral band 3 encloses a plate shaped burner deck (consisting out of two perforated ceramic tiles 5a and 5b) and a screen 6 (figure 1 shows a radiant burner with one screen, in a similar way radiant burners with two superimposed parallel screens can also be provided). The body 2 has an inlet 8 which connects to a premixing space 9. The premixing space is delimited between the body 2 and the burner deck which is formed by the perforated ceramic tiles 5a, 5b. Between the burner deck formed by the perforated ceramic tiles 5a, 5b and the screen 6 a combustion space 10 is delimited. The outer side of the burner deck 5a, 5b which is directed towards the combustion space 10 is referred to as the burner surface 1 1 , the rest of the burner deck 5a, 5b is referred to as the base.
[42] The burner deck formed by the perforated ceramic tiles 5a, 5b has a
plurality of through holes which make it possible for a fuel mixture, for example a gas/air mixture, to enter the combustion space 10 after being thoroughly mixed in the premixing space 9. The fuel mixture can then ignite or be ignited in this combustion space 10 after which it heats up at least the burner surface 1 1 of the burner deck 5a, 5b as well as the screen 6 to a temperature of approximately 900-1300 °C. This high temperature has the effect of making both the screen 6 and the outer burner surface 1 1 red hot such that they start to produce significant infrared radiation or radiant heat flux.
[43] The burner surface 1 1 comprises a plurality of slits 12 positioned adjacent one another. The bottoms of the slits 12 are referred to as the inner/lowest level and the top sides of the wall parts delimiting the slits 12 are referred to as the outer/highest level of the burner surface 1 1 .
[44] The burner deck here extends in a vertical direction and is built up of two perforated ceramic tiles 5a, 5b positioned above one another. In the example the burner surface of the upper perforated ceramic tile 5b is provided with a coating layer 15, whereas the burner surface of the lower perforated ceramic tile 5a has remained uncovered. It is also possible according to the invention to apply the coating layer on both perforated ceramic tiles 5a and 5 b.
[45] In the example, the coating layer 15 is applied on the porous ceramic
burner deck as a wet coating layer in such a way, or the coating application is followed by a manufacturing process such, that the gas permeability of the plate shaped radiant burner elements is not
substantially different in the region where the coating is present from the region where no coating is present.
[46] After applying the wet coating layer onto the perforated ceramic tile 5a (e.g. by spraying or by dipping, both technologies have been applied successfully), the coating layer is dried at room temperature during 2 days after which the perforated ceramic tile(s) 5a, 5b can be mounted into the gas fired radiant emitter 1 to form its burner deck. Sintering and curing of the coating layer was performed by mounting the gas fired radiant emitter 1 into the continuous drying installation and supplying combustible gas to the gas fired radiant emitter 1 on the continuous drying installation, with the installation being in use drying a paper web.
[47] An example is to manufacture the perforated ceramic tile out of cordierite and to apply onto it a wet coating comprising silicon carbide as ceramic particles. Good quality curing was obtained and the cured coating generated a coefficient of emission that was 30% higher compared to a similar porous ceramic burner deck without coating layer.
[48] An example for a coating (slurry or dispersion) formulation as can be used in the invention is as follows: 50 gram of a surfactant is added to 1 kg of water while stirring. Added is 2 kg of silicon carbide powder during intensive stirring. A viscosity of 500 centipoise is obtained. Such a slurry was applied onto a porous ceramic burner deck by means of spraying. In other examples, small amounts of ceramic additives, up to 3% by weight of the amount of silicon carbide have been added. Such additives are e.g. aluminium oxide, and/or yttrium oxide and/or yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG, Y3AI5O12). Such additives facilitate the sintering and curing of the coating layer.
[49] In order to further increase the adhesion between the coating layer and the porous ceramic burner deck after sintering and/or curing, it is possible to use one or more compatibility layers applied as wet coating layers. The compatibility layer can for example be a mix between the material out of which the porous ceramic burner deck is made of and the material of the top coating layer, or a layer of material out of which the porous ceramic burner deck is made.
[50] As an example, a ceramic burner deck made out of cordierite was coated with a first wet coating layer comprising cordierite particles and a second wet coating layer comprising silicon carbide particles.
[51 ] As another example a ceramic burner deck was made out of aluminum oxide and coated with a first wet coating layer comprising aluminum oxide particles and with a second wet coating layer comprising silicon carbide particles.
[52] It has to be understood that the different features and elements of the different embodiments and examples can be combined and that such combinations are falling within the scope of the invention.

Claims

Claims
1 . Method for manufacturing a gas fired radiant emitter with increased emissivity, comprising the steps of
- providing a porous ceramic burner deck,
- applying a wet coating layer on said porous ceramic burner deck, wherein said wet coating layer comprises ceramic particles and/or metallic particles, that will form a coating layer with increased emissivity compared to the porous ceramic burner deck without the coating layer;
wherein sintering and/or curing of said coating layer is performed by operating said gas fired radiant emitter in which the porous ceramic burner deck is mounted, via supplying combustible gas to said radiant emitter and igniting said combustible gas after it has flown through the porous ceramic burner deck, whereby the uncured and/or unsintered coating layer is transformed into a sintered and/or cured coating layer adhering to said porous ceramic burner deck via sintered and/or cured bonds.
2. Method as in claim 1 , wherein said operating of said gas fired radiant emitter to sinter and/or cure said coating layer is performed after the gas fired radiant emitter is installed in a continuous dryer installation.
3. Method as in claim 2, wherein said operating of said gas fired radiant emitter to sinter and/or cure said coating layer is performed when the continuous dryer installation is installed in the premises where it is used.
4. Method as in claims 2 or 3, wherein said gas fired radiant emitter is a
replacement gas fired radiation emitter; and wherein the sintering and/or curing of said coating layer of said gas fired radiant emitter by operating said gas fired radiant emitter is performed after installing said replacement gas fired radiant emitter in the continuous dryer installation in which it will be used.
5. Method as in claim 1 , wherein said sintering and/or curing is performed away from the continuous dryer installation in which the gas fired radiation burner will be used.
6. Method as in any of the preceding claims, wherein the coating layer - after sintering and/or curing - has an emissivity that is at least 30% higher than the emissivity of the surface in uncoated state of the ceramic burner deck.
7. Method as in any of the preceding claims, wherein at least two wet coating layers are applied on top of each other for the formation of a ceramic coating layer.
8. Method as in any of the preceding claims, wherein said wet coating layer is applied on only part of the surface of said porous ceramic burner deck.
9. Method as in any of the preceding claims, wherein said coating layer
comprises silicon carbide.
10. Method as in any of the preceding claims, wherein the top coating layer
comprises silicon carbide.
1 1 . Method as in any of the preceding claims, wherein said coating layer is devoid of products that comprise the element zirconium.
EP13756049.6A 2012-08-24 2013-08-22 Method to manufacture a gas fired radiant emitter Active EP2888529B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12290280 2012-08-24
PCT/EP2013/067467 WO2014029846A1 (en) 2012-08-24 2013-08-22 Method to manufacture a gas fired radiant emitter
EP13756049.6A EP2888529B1 (en) 2012-08-24 2013-08-22 Method to manufacture a gas fired radiant emitter

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EP2888529A1 true EP2888529A1 (en) 2015-07-01
EP2888529B1 EP2888529B1 (en) 2020-09-30

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CN203837085U (en) * 2014-04-22 2014-09-17 金卫群 Balanced efficient outdoor heater

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JPS5525773A (en) 1978-08-14 1980-02-23 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Infrared radiant burner
US4568595A (en) 1984-04-26 1986-02-04 Morris Jeffrey R Coated ceramic structure and method of making same
US5147201A (en) * 1990-11-19 1992-09-15 Institute Of Gas Technology Ultra-low pollutant emissions radiant gas burner with stabilized porous-phase combustion
US5380192A (en) * 1993-07-26 1995-01-10 Teledyne Industries, Inc. High-reflectivity porous blue-flame gas burner
US5782629A (en) 1996-01-22 1998-07-21 The Ohio State University Radiant burner surfaces and method of making same
US5668072A (en) * 1996-05-09 1997-09-16 Equity Enterprises High emissivity coating
US20060141413A1 (en) * 2004-12-27 2006-06-29 Masten James H Burner plate and burner assembly
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