EP2885584A1 - Appareil et procédé de régulation de la température dans un bâtiment - Google Patents

Appareil et procédé de régulation de la température dans un bâtiment

Info

Publication number
EP2885584A1
EP2885584A1 EP13737237.1A EP13737237A EP2885584A1 EP 2885584 A1 EP2885584 A1 EP 2885584A1 EP 13737237 A EP13737237 A EP 13737237A EP 2885584 A1 EP2885584 A1 EP 2885584A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid
piping
warm
cold
refrigerant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13737237.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2885584B1 (fr
Inventor
Meinardus Bernardus Antonius van der Hoff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Triple Aqua Licensing Ltd
Original Assignee
van der Hoff Meinardus Bernardus Antonius
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by van der Hoff Meinardus Bernardus Antonius filed Critical van der Hoff Meinardus Bernardus Antonius
Priority to EP13737237.1A priority Critical patent/EP2885584B1/fr
Priority to RS20200984A priority patent/RS60768B1/sr
Priority to SI201331773T priority patent/SI2885584T1/sl
Publication of EP2885584A1 publication Critical patent/EP2885584A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2885584B1 publication Critical patent/EP2885584B1/fr
Priority to HRP20201308TT priority patent/HRP20201308T1/hr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/06—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the arrangements for the supply of heat-exchange fluid for the subsequent treatment of primary air in the room units
    • F24F3/10—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the arrangements for the supply of heat-exchange fluid for the subsequent treatment of primary air in the room units with separate supply lines and common return line for hot and cold heat-exchange fluids i.e. so-called "3-conduit" system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/02—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps
    • F24D11/0214—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1009—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating
    • F24D19/1039—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating the system uses a heat pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/06—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the arrangements for the supply of heat-exchange fluid for the subsequent treatment of primary air in the room units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/156—Reducing the quantity of energy consumed; Increasing efficiency
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/227—Temperature of the refrigerant in heat pump cycles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/242—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/335—Control of pumps, e.g. on-off control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/375—Control of heat pumps
    • F24H15/38—Control of compressors of heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/375—Control of heat pumps
    • F24H15/39—Control of valves for distributing refrigerant to different evaporators or condensers in heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
    • F25B29/003—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously of the compression type system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
    • F25B40/02—Subcoolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B5/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity
    • F25B5/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity arranged in parallel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for influencing the temperature in a building and a method for operating an apparatus for influencing the temperature in a building comprising a central heat pump unit with a condenser, an evaporator, a compressor, a heat exchanger and an electronic control unit, which operates the flow of a refrigerant within a refrigerant piping for the refrigerant inside of the central heat pump unit, the central heat pump unit being connected to a piping for distributing liquid through the building from the central heat pump unit to at least one indoor unit and back.
  • the individual adjustment of the temperature in a room is achieved by an individual indoor heat pump unit which is installed in each respective room and which is coupled to the ring pipe for extracting water from the ring pipe, adding energy to or taking energy from the water and feeding the water back into the ring pipe thus heating and/or cooling the room installed individually.
  • the indoor heat pump unit requires at least some energy for operation, which reduces the energy efficiency of the whole system, the indoor heat pump unit generates an operational sound in the room by the compressor of the heat pump, and each individual indoor heat pump unit is quite heavy and expensive, so that in a bigger building the weight of the system and its costs are quite substantial.
  • an apparatus which comprises:
  • a central heat pump unit with a warm liquid outlet to a warm liquid piping, a cold liquid outlet to a cold liquid piping and a liquid inlet connected to a return liquid piping (42), - a condenser as a part of the central heat pump unit being connected with the warm liquid outlet and the liquid inlet,
  • an evaporator as a part of the central heat pump unit being connected with the cold liquid outlet and the liquid inlet
  • a compressor as a part of the central heat pump unit to pressurize a refrigerant
  • a heat exchanger as a part of the central heat pump unit to evaporate and heat or to condensate and cool the refrigerant
  • a refrigerant piping as a part of the central heat pump unit being connected with the condenser, the evaporator, the compressor and the heat exchanger, which distributes the refrigerant in the central heat pump unit, and at least one indoor unit being connected with the warm liquid outlet by the warm liquid piping, the cold liquid outlet by the cold liquid piping and the liquid inlet by the return liquid piping.
  • Each individual indoor unit can be operated as a simple fan unit with a simple heat exchanger. It is not necessary any more to install a heat pump in each single room. So the indoor units are operated with water as an environmentally friendly and preferred example for a liquid only, no refrigerant is used in the rooms or building piping any more.
  • the indoor units are less complex, easy to install and comfortable to use nearly without operational sounds. Due to the reduced complexity the indoor units are substantially cheaper to manufacture and service, which adds up to a substantial saving, the more indoor units are installed in a building.
  • the return liquid is collected from all single indoor units which are operated in the building in the return liquid piping.
  • the return liquid piping collects all heating and cooling requirements in a building by ending up in a definite temperature of the return liquid at the return liquid inlet.
  • this temperature is very close to the average temperature in the building, avoiding a need for piping insulation.
  • the amount of energy required to cool and/or heat this return liquid back to a required level is substantially smaller than the energy which would have been required if each room would have been cooled or heated individually and these individual energy requirements were added up in a sum.
  • Energy savings can be achieved by the advantageous connection of the three pipes with the condenser and the evaporator on the liquid side and the connection of the refrigerant piping with the condenser and evaporator.
  • An energy excess or an energy requirement of the complete system could be leveled out by the operation of the heat exchanger of the central heat pump unit. If the heat exchanger is cooling down and condensing the refrigerant flowing through it, excessive energy gets lost, and if the heat exchanger evaporates and heats the refrigerant, energy is added to the system over the refrigerant. So the heat exchanger of the central heat pump unit is able to level out a general energy surplus or a general energy requirement from the complete system.
  • An additional advantage is achieved by simplifying the indoor units to simple three pipes, passive heat exchangers. To operate the indoor units it is sufficient to open and modulate either a valve in the warm liquid pipe or in the cold liquid pipe, so that the respective liquid can stream as needed into the heat exchanger. By switching a fan on which is also a part of the indoor unit the air in the room is blown through the heat exchanger and thereby cooled or heated. This function of the indoor unit can be automated and easily remotely controlled by respective controls, if required. The indoor unit is also able to keep a preselected temperature in the room.
  • An indoor unit can be used as a floor, wall and/or ceiling or suspended heating or cooling unit.
  • the liquid can also be used as a medium for heating or cooling floors, walls and/or ceilings of a building.
  • the heating or cooling of floors, walls and/or ceilings could be reacting slower that the heating or cooling by the indoor units with fans which are heating or cooling the air in a room, however, a very comfortable and constant and even heating or cooling function can be achieved thereby, from the same source.
  • the energy consumption of the whole system is reduced, as the COP and EER is up to doubled compared to straight forward heat pump designs.
  • Heat and cold collected in the return liquid is not wasted in the central heat pump unit, it is primarily exchanged between the condenser and the evaporator, so that heat generated in a cooling cycle is transferred to the warm liquid piping, and cold generated in a heating cycle is transferred to the cold liquid piping.
  • the respective energy needed for cooling and heating is kept within the system.
  • the temperatures of the liquid in the warm liquid piping and the cold liquid piping are differing only by a few degrees from the average temperature in the building and in the return liquid piping, the heat and cold losses within the system are very low, whilst the Carnot factor remains high, which additionally increases the energy efficiency of the system.
  • the indoor units only need electrical power for operating the fan, there is no compressor to be driven any more. So the energy consumption of each indoor unit is also reduced.
  • the heat exchanger is in parallel with the condenser or the evaporator.
  • the heat exchanger depending on the flow of liquid in the apparatus, is in parallel with the condenser at a certain moment or period of time, while during another moment or period of time, the heat exchanger is in parallel with the evaporator.
  • This is to optimize (minimize) the overall system pressure drop in dual mode operation and not the condensor and the evaporator including the compressor being thermally in balance. As a result of a lower pressure drop, the efficiency of the system will increase.
  • the heat exchanger can be in parallel with as well the evaporator as the condenser.
  • the central heat pump unit comprises an electronic control unit which is connected with at least one pressure sensor comprised in the apparatus, which in use measures a pressure in the refrigerant piping, at least one temperature sensor comprised in the apparatus, which in use measures a temperature in the refrigerant piping, and a number of valves, which are arranged within the refrigerant piping, whose switching/restricting positions in use influence the flow of the refrigerant within the refrigerant piping, wherein the positions of the valves are adjustable by the electronic control unit.
  • the electronic control unit its sensors and valves an automated operation of the complete system is possible.
  • the operational settings can be programmed in a suitable computer software.
  • the electronic control system contains the relevant know- how necessary to operate the central heat pump unit and, in addition to that, if required, also for the complete system including the indoor units connected with the central heat pump unit.
  • the energy flow between the condenser, the evaporator, the heat exchanger and the compressor within the central heat pump unit can be controlled by the electronic control unit.
  • the function of the electronic control unit can be extended by using currently measured and/or stored weather information, seasonal information and/or weather forecasts for determining the right strategies for influencing and storing cold and warm liquids and determining their temperature threshold values over one day.
  • one valves are at least arranged at each of the pipes from the condenser and the evaporator of the refrigerant piping, before the evaporator, before and behind the condenser, and in a pipe back to the compressor, all seen in the feeding direction of the refrigerant, and additional valves can be arranged before and behind the heat exchanger,.
  • These suggested valve positions are advantageous because they allow an efficient control of the flow of the refrigerant within the central heat pump unit.
  • the terms before and behind, if related to a flow of fluid refer to upstream and downstream, respectively.
  • pressure sensors are at least attached to the inlet and outlet pipes from the compressor of the refrigerant piping and in the return liquid piping before the circulation pump, all seen in the feeding direction of the return liquid.
  • the information about the pressure status at the suggested locations is helpful to make the right decisions for controlling and steering the function of the central heat pump unit.
  • temperature sensors are arranged at least before the warm liquid outlet and the cold liquid outlet and behind the return liquid inlet Additional temperature sensors can be arranged in the refrigerant piping before and behind the compressor, in the heat exchanger and in the evaporator, all seen in the feeding direction of the liquid or the refrigerant.
  • the knowledge about the temperatures of the liquid and the refrigerant at the suggested locations helps to make the right decisions about the settings of the valves within the central heat pump unit.
  • the electronic control unit controls the feeding capacity of the compressor and/or the feeding capacity of at least one circulation pump being connected with the liquid inlet.
  • the feeding capacity of the compressor By controlling the feeding capacity of the compressor the cycle of refrigerant within the refrigerant piping can be activated, capacity controlled, or stopped, whatever is required in a specific situation.
  • the feeding capacity of the circulation pump By controlling the feeding capacity of the circulation pump the flow rate of the liquid through the pipings and the pressure of the liquids can be influenced, which is relevant for the proper function of the complete system.
  • the warm liquid outlet is connected with a warm thermal storage tank, which, in use, feeds warm liquid into the warm liquid piping, and/or the cold liquid outlet is connected with a cold thermal storage tank, which, in use, feeds cold liquid into the cold liquid piping.
  • the warm thermal storage tank and/or the cold thermal storage tank comprises at least one element with a phase-changing material.
  • a phase-changing material By using a phase-changing material the energy storing capacity of the respective thermal storage tank can be enhanced, whilst the temperature remains constant.
  • shortcut link from the warm thermal storage tank and/or the warm liquid piping to the return liquid piping and a shortcut link from the cold thermal storage tank and/or the cold liquid piping to the return liquid piping, wherein both shortcut links are operable by valves, which are either adjustable due to a differential pressure between the pressure in the warm or cold thermal storage tank and/or the warm or cold liquid piping on the one side and the pressure in the return liquid piping on the other side or adjustable by a controlled drive.
  • valves which are either adjustable due to a differential pressure between the pressure in the warm or cold thermal storage tank and/or the warm or cold liquid piping on the one side and the pressure in the return liquid piping on the other side or adjustable by a controlled drive.
  • the throughput of liquid through the warm liquid pipe system including the warm thermal storage tank is activated if warm liquid streams into one or more indoor units.
  • the shortcut link from the cold thermal storage tank and/or the cold liquid piping to the return liquid piping can also be used to extract energy from the cold thermal storage tank and/or the cold liquid piping when the heat exchanger needs a temporary defrosting due to ice build up in humid outside weather conditions. Whilst the defrosting mode is in operation, the condenser is not in use as the refrigerant pressure in the frozen heat exchanger is much lower than in the condenser, due to a pressure regulator valve at the outlet of the condenser. As it may be likely that no indoor unit requires cooling either, the flow in the cool liquid piping may become absent, which would hinder the evaporator to work properly.
  • the connection of the indoor unit with the warm liquid piping is regulated by a first valve and the connection of the indoor unit with the cold liquid piping is regulated by a second valve, both valves being adjustable or modulated due to the heating or cooling operation of the indoor unit, and wherein the connection of the indoor unit with the return liquid piping can be regulated or modulated by an adjustable maximum flow limiter valve.
  • the first and second valves the temperature of the liquid flowing through the indoor unit can be adjusted precisely by regulating the portions of cold and warm liquid streaming into the indoor unit with the valves.
  • any relative appropriate mixture of throughput of the warm and cold liquid can be selected by the respective operational settings of the respective valves.
  • the indoor unit can comprise an electronic indoor unit control unit which is connected with at least one temperature sensor, which is measuring a temperature of the liquid flowing into the indoor unit, at least one temperature sensor, which is measuring a temperature in the room in which the indoor unit is positioned, and adjustment drives of the first and second valves and optionally the adjustable maximum flow limiter valve, wherein the position of each of the valves is adjustable by the electronic indoor unit control unit.
  • the electronic indoor unit control unit By the electronic indoor unit control unit the function of the indoor unit can be automated. Also the settings can be selected remotely. A preselection of a certain temperature in the room is possible by a user, and the electronic indoor unit control unit then operates the valves according to an appropriate software as it is necessary to achieve and keep the preselected temperature in the respective room.
  • the electronic indoor unit control unit is connected with the electronic control unit of the central heat pump unit.
  • the warm liquid piping and/or cold liquid piping is connected to an external heat exchanger for injecting external heat or cold to the liquid.
  • the external heat exchanger could be connected to a pond, a lake or a river, a sprinkler tank, a swimming pool or a specific water tank or any source of heat by boiler, collector, waste heat or other sources of thermal energy, to use the energy or cold from the water available there, or it could be adapted to use geothermal energy for storing and extracting energy from the ground.
  • the central heat pump unit is designed as an outdoor unit arranged outside of the building.
  • the heat exchanger can directly blow the heated or cooled air into the surrounding, the operational sound of the central heat pump unit is kept outside of the building and servicing of the unit is easier due to a better accessibility. Even an exchange of the complete unit is possible very quickly, if that should be required.
  • the central heat pump unit By designing the central heat pump unit as an outdoor unit there is no refrigerant in the building.
  • the warm, cold and return liquid is water.
  • Water is environmentally friendly and even if a pipe should leak it doesn't cause a danger for persons in the building. It has a high energy loading capacity and it is ideal for being used as a carrier for energy.
  • the condenser, the evaporator and/or the heat exchanger in the central heat pump unit are connected to the refrigerant piping with 2-way valves, and especially the heat exchanger with two 2-way control valves.
  • the inventive central heat pump unit comprises three heat exchangers: the evaporator, the condenser and the air to refrigerant or refrigerant to air heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger - air to refrigerant or refrigerant to air - is not connected to a 4-way valve though being operable in two modes.
  • a method which is characterized by the following elements: - the liquid leaving the central heat pump unit is distributed to the at least one indoor unit through a warm liquid piping and a cold liquid piping, and the liquid returning to the central heat pump unit from the at least one indoor unit is distributed by a return liquid piping, - the electronic control unit operates control valves of the refrigerant piping being controlled by the electronic control unit and arranged in the central heat pump unit as follows, if the temperature of the return liquid is
  • the refrigerant is being fed through the evaporator and thereafter to the compressor, the heat exchanger and the condenser and/or the liquid receiver,
  • the return liquid is fed though the condenser and fed from the condenser to the warm liquid piping: the refrigerant is being fed through the condenser and thereafter to a liquid receiver, to the evaporator and/or the heat exchanger.
  • the temperature of the return liquid is kept in a range of plus/minus 8 K around 22° C by the electronic control unit by operating the compressor and/or a circulation pump in addition to the operation of the control valves. If the temperature of the return liquid is kept in the indicated temperature range the whole system can be operated very efficiently. If the temperature of the return liquid gets too high or too low, the electronic control unit can adjust the circulation pump and/or the compressor, so that due to the flow of the liquid through the system the liquid could either be cooled down or heated up, as it may ever be required.
  • the main control of the central heat pump unit must not necessarily completely or predominantly be influenced by the average return pipe temperature, also the actual cold and warm liquid temperatures can be integrated into the control strategy, and weather, time, forecasts or historically stored data and set points could be considered by the controls as well.
  • the electronic control unit regulates the temperature of the warm liquid at a warm liquid outlet to a value of 30° C plus/minus 8 K and the temperature of the cold liquid at a cold liquid outlet to a value of 15° C plus/minus 8 K by the operation of the valves and the compressor and/or the circulation pump.
  • These temperature ranges have proven to be very energy efficient, and at these temperatures it is possible to provide reasonable reaction times of the indoor units to adapt and regulate the temperature in a room towards a selected temperature. Thermal losses are low to neglectible due to minimum differences with the building temperature.
  • the electronic control unit activates the circulation pump and/or the compressor, if the temperature in a warm storage thermal tank and/or the warm liquid piping is dropping below a predetermined threshold value and/or the temperature in a cold storage thermal tank and/or the cold liquid piping is rising over a predetermined threshold value.
  • the temperatures and pressures in these elements can be kept on the desired levels.
  • the cold thermal energy contained in the cold thermal storage tank or the warm thermal energy contained in the warm thermal storage tank is added to the liquid flow under peak load conditions of the central heat pump unit. Due to the thermal storage the system is able to store cold and/or warm energy at times when the central heat pump unit is not cooling or heating under peak load conditions. If peak load conditions for cooling or heating appear, the stored thermal capacities can then be activated by allowing cold or warm liquid from the cold or warm thermal storage tank to be added to the liquid flow through the system, so that the technical peak load of the central heat pump unit under the prevailing conditions is boosted by the added thermal energy from the respective thermal storage tank.
  • the peak load conditions in the sense of this claim also apply when the theoretical current peak load operation of the central heat pump unit is shifted to other times of the day and the theoretical peak load is nevertheless reached by replacing thermal capacities missing to the theoretical peak load of the central heat pump unit under its current operation mode by the activation of thermal capacities from the thermal storage tanks.
  • the thermal storage tanks are useful if at a certain moment or period of time, only cooling or only heating operation is required, whilst, at another certain moment or period of time, only heating or only cooling operation is required.
  • the transport of thermal energy by the central heat pump can be transferred in time resulting in passive cooling and/or heating at a later certain moment or period of time. This option improves the sustainability of the system even further.
  • Fig. 1 a principle drawing of the central heat pump unit
  • Fig. 2 a principle drawing of an indoor unit
  • Fig. 3 a principle drawing of a complete system.
  • FIG. 1 a principle drawing of a central heat pump unit 2 is shown.
  • the central heat pump unit 2 comprises a condenser 4, an evaporator 6, a compressor 8 and a heat exchanger 10.
  • Albeit of the example shown in Fig. 1 there can be more than just one compressor 8.
  • the liquid which is flowing through the central heat pump unit 2 is guided into the building, in which the temperature shall be influenced, through a warm liquid outlet 12 and a cold liquid outlet 14.
  • the liquid which has been used in indoor units in the building for heating and/or cooling purposes is returning to the central heat pump unit through a liquid inlet 16.
  • the condenser 4, the evaporator 6, the compressor 8 and the heat exchanger 10 are connected by a refrigerant piping 18, through which a refrigerant is fed.
  • the moving direction of the refrigerant is indicated by little arrows along the respective pipes.
  • pipe 22 which can be used for shifting the flow of the refrigerant in a desired way.
  • the refrigerant is pumped up to a high pressure gaseous phase in the compressor 8. From there it is guided to the condenser 4.
  • the condenser 4 In the condenser 4 the refrigerant condenses, thereby the refrigerant loses energy, which is transferred to the warm liquid which is flowing through the condenser 4 and which is warmed up by the energy added to it.
  • the liquefied refrigerant is then distributed by the refrigerant piping 18 towards the evaporator 6. Before it reaches the evaporator 6 the liquefied refrigerant is fed through the heat exchanger 10, from where it is subcooled, after it has left the heat exchanger 10, and it is fed into a liquid receiver 56 for the liquid refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant gets evaporated and warmed up by the return liquid, which is fed into the central heat pump unit 2 by the circulation pump 26.
  • the return pipe for the return liquid is split up in the central heat pump unit 2 so that the return liquid can either flow to the condenser 4 and/or to the evaporator 6.
  • the cold liquid flowing through the evaporator 6 at the same time is cooled down respectively.
  • Fig. 1 two circulation pumps 26 are shown just as an example. From the evaporator 6 the refrigerant is guided back through an accumulator 58 to the compressor 8 again. From there the feeding cycle can start again.
  • the warm liquid which has been warmed up in the condenser 4 is guided by a respective pipe 38 towards the warm liquid outlet 12.
  • the pipe feeds the warm liquid into a warm thermal storage tank 28, which can be integrated into the central heat pump unit 2 optionally. From the warm thermal storage tank 28 it reaches the warm liquid outlet 12.
  • the cold liquid which has been cooled down in the evaporator 6 is guided by a respective pipe 40 towards the cold liquid outlet 14.
  • the pipe feeds the cold liquid into a cold thermal storage tank 30, which can also be integrated into the central heat pump unit 2 optionally. From there it reaches the cold liquid outlet 14.
  • the warm liquid can flow through the shortcut link 32 to the return liquid piping 42. If there is no water flowing through the cold liquid outlet 14, but the content in the cold thermal storage tank 30 and/or the cold liquid piping 40 needs to be decreased and exchanged, then the cold liquid can flow through the shortcut link 34 to the return liquid piping 42.
  • the shortcut links can be activated by pressure difference valves 20f and bypass valves 20d.
  • the shortcut links 32, 34 can be arranged in the central heat pump unit 2, but also anywhere in the building, so that the temperature levels of the warm and cold liquids within the building can better be maintained and the reaction times of the indoor units 36 are faster, if preselected temperatures in a room are altered.
  • the central heat pump unit comprises an electronic control unit (not shown) which is connected with pressure sensors PT shown in Fig. 1.
  • the pressure sensors PT are measuring a pressure in the refrigerant piping 18 at the respective position.
  • the flow of the refrigerant within the refrigerant piping 18 is controlled by a number of valves 20. The switching position of the valves 20 influences the flow of the refrigerant within the refrigerant piping 18.
  • the switching positions of the valves 20 are adjustable by the electronic control unit by controlling adjustment drives of the valves 20, so that the refrigerant piping can be opened or closed at its respective positions, or the throughput of refrigerant can be restricted to a desired extent, whatever is necessary for the proper function of the central heat pump unit 2.
  • the electronic control unit is able to recognize by an appropriate software, how the control valves 20e and valves 20 for regulating the flow of the refrigerant need to be switched and restricted, so that the heating and cooling requirements of the users in the building can be satisfied and the temperatures of the warm and cold liquids flowing through the warm and cold liquid outlets 12, 14 are kept on appropriate levels.
  • the flow of the refrigerant in the refrigerant piping is also influenced by the operation mode of the compressor, which can be modulated or switched on or off by the electronic control unit. If an excess of energy in the central heat pump unit 2 needs to be rejected, then the refrigerant can be guided through the heat exchanger 10 by respective switching positions of the control valves 20e. This can also be made for an injection of energy, if required, by the heat exchanger 10 in a reverse operation.
  • the electronic control unit By controlling the temperatures of the liquids flowing through the warm liquid outlet 12, the cold liquid out 14 and the liquid inlet 16 the electronic control unit is aware of the temperature levels of the liquids in the respective pipings. By a comparison of the temperature changes of the respective liquids over a certain period the electronic control unit is able to determine, whether there is a general requirement for heating and/or cooling the building. A rise of the temperature of the return liquid indicates a cooling requirement, and a decline of the temperature of the return liquid indicates a heating requirement.
  • the temperature data can be compared to air temperatures outside of the building, the time of the day, the season, weather forecasts and the like.
  • the temperature and energy level in the cold thermal storage tank and/or in the cold liquid piping can be lowered in relation to the average value, and if a heating demand is expected then the energy level and the temperature in the warm thermal storage tank and/or in the warm liquid piping can be raised.
  • the energy consumed or collected by the respective process of heating or cooling the liquid in the pipings or thermal storage tanks can be transferred to each other, so that a reduction of the energy level and temperature in the cold thermal storage tank and/or in the cold liquid piping leads to an increase of the energy level and temperature in the warm thermal storage tank and/or in the warm liquid piping and vice versa, without needing additional energy from other resources. So a simultaneous thermal heating or cooling or a preloading for these functions builds up energy resources for the inverse process.
  • the preloaded respective energies can again be exchanged between the cold and warm liquid systems, so that again no other energy resources are required to cover that air conditioning demand in the building as long as the saved energy reserves can be used. If beyond this exchange of energy between the warm and cold liquid systems by the central heat pump unit additional energy is required or excessive energy needs to be disposed of, this can be handled to some extent by the heat exchanger 10 and/or the thermal storage tanks 28, 30, so that regular energy resources like electricity, gas, oil or like are only need to a very limited extent or are avoided.
  • a single indoor unit 36 is shown.
  • the indoor unit 36 shown is connected with the warm liquid outlet 12 of the central heat pump unit 2 by the warm liquid piping 38 and with the cold liquid outlet 14 of the central heat pump unit 2 by the cold liquid piping 40.
  • the indoor unit 36 is also connected with the liquid inlet 16 by the return liquid piping 42.
  • the indoor unit 36 comprises a heat exchanger 56.
  • liquid with a certain temperature is flowing into the feed pipe 44 to the heat exchanger 54.
  • the fan unit 46 is sucking air from the room through the heat exchanger 54.
  • the throughput of liquid through the indoor unit can additionally be controlled by an adjustable flow limiter valve 20c, which is positioned in the return liquid piping 42.
  • the indoor unit 36 may comprise an electronic indoor unit control unit (not shown) which is connected with a temperature sensor TT, which is measuring a temperature of the liquid flowing into the indoor unit 36 through the feed pipe 44, and a temperature sensor TT, which is measuring a temperature in the room in which the indoor unit 36 is positioned.
  • the electronic indoor unit control unit can also be connected with adjustment drives of the first and second valves 20a, 20b at the warm and cold liquid pipings and optionally with a drive of the adjustable flow limiter valve 20c. So the operating position of each of the valves 20a, 20b, 20c is controlled and adjustable by the electronic indoor unit control unit.
  • the electronic indoor unit control unit recognizes whether the room needs to heated or cooled.
  • the electronic indoor unit control unit will then open either the valve 20a to the warm liquid piping 38 or the valve 20b to the cold liquid piping 40, so that the respective liquid flows into the heat exchanger 54.
  • the fan unit 46 Upon activation of the fan unit 46 the air in the room is then cooled or heated.
  • the respective valve will be kept open or is modulated as long as the electronic indoor unit control unit recognizes a heating or cooling requirement.
  • the electronic indoor unit control unit could also completely or partially open each of both valves to the warm and cold liquid pipings 38, 40 at the same time, so that both liquids get mixed in the feed pipe 44 and a temperature of the liquid is achieved which is between the temperatures of the warm and cold liquid.
  • the electronic indoor unit control unit can be connected by option with the electronic control unit of the central heat pump unit 2. Then the electronic control unit could get an information about cooling or heating requirements in that room, before the temperature of the return liquid changes. If the electronic control unit knows the temperature difference between the preselected temperature and the current temperature, the electronic control unit can also make an estimation about the required amount of heating or cooling and for the time in which the respective function is required. If the electronic control unit gets this information from most or all indoor units 36 installed in the building the electronic control device is able to optimize the operation of the central heat pump unit 2, and to maximize a thermal favorable operation, storage and sustainable operation, to minimize any external energy consumption.
  • a complete system for a building is shown.
  • the warm liquid flows through the warm liquid piping 38 and the warm liquid outlet 12 into the building.
  • the cold liquid flows through the cold liquid piping 40 and the cold liquid outlet 14 into the building.
  • an additional warm thermal storage tank 28 and/or a cold thermal storage tank 30 connected to the warm and cold liquid pipings 38, 40.
  • an external heat exchanger 48 connected to the warm liquid piping 38 and an external heat exchanger 50 connected to the cold liquid piping is shown.
  • Such external heat exchangers 48, 50 could be connected to the ground, it could be earth tanks, water reservoirs, (waste) heat sources or the like.
  • the warm and cold liquids can flow into the four indoor units 36, 36a.
  • the indoor unit 36a is shown as an embedded underfloor heating and/or cooling system, which exchanges energy through the side walls of the pipe and not through a special heat exchanger 54 and a fan unit 46.
  • the liquid which flows into the indoor units 36 flows into the return liquid piping 42, which mounts in the liquid inlet 16 of the central heat pump unit 2.
  • the return liquid piping 42 is connected to an optional passive thermal storage means 52, which could for example be the ceilings, walls or the like of the building using the internal thermal mass of the building.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un appareil de régulation de la température dans un bâtiment comprenant : une unité de pompe à chaleur centrale (2) comprenant une évacuation de liquide chaud (12) vers une canalisation de liquide chaud (38), une évacuation de liquide froid (14) vers une canalisation de liquide froid (40) et une admission de liquide (16) raccordée à une canalisation de liquide de retour (42), un condensateur (4), un évaporateur (6) et un compresseur (8), un échangeur de chaleur (10), une canalisation de réfrigérant (18) raccordée au condensateur (4), à l'évaporateur (6), au compresseur (8) et à l'échangeur de chaleur (10) qui distribue le réfrigérant dans l'unité de pompe à chaleur centrale (2), et au moins une unité d'intérieur (36) raccordée à l'évacuation de liquide chaud (12), à l'évacuation de liquide froid (14) et à l'admission de liquide (16). L'invention concerne également un procédé de fonctionnement d'un appareil de régulation de la température dans un bâtiment.
EP13737237.1A 2012-07-13 2013-07-15 Appareil et procédé pour influencer la température dans un bâtiment Active EP2885584B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13737237.1A EP2885584B1 (fr) 2012-07-13 2013-07-15 Appareil et procédé pour influencer la température dans un bâtiment
RS20200984A RS60768B1 (sr) 2012-07-13 2013-07-15 Uređaj i postupak za uticanje na temperaturu u objektu
SI201331773T SI2885584T1 (sl) 2012-07-13 2013-07-15 Naprava in postopek za vplivanje na temperaturo v zgradbi
HRP20201308TT HRP20201308T1 (hr) 2012-07-13 2020-08-21 Uređaj i postupak za utjecanje na temperaturu u objektu

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12005194.1A EP2685176A1 (fr) 2012-07-13 2012-07-13 Appareil et procédé pour influencer la température dans un bâtiment
EP13737237.1A EP2885584B1 (fr) 2012-07-13 2013-07-15 Appareil et procédé pour influencer la température dans un bâtiment
PCT/EP2013/064916 WO2014009565A1 (fr) 2012-07-13 2013-07-15 Appareil et procédé de régulation de la température dans un bâtiment

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2885584A1 true EP2885584A1 (fr) 2015-06-24
EP2885584B1 EP2885584B1 (fr) 2020-05-27

Family

ID=48793242

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12005194.1A Withdrawn EP2685176A1 (fr) 2012-07-13 2012-07-13 Appareil et procédé pour influencer la température dans un bâtiment
EP13737237.1A Active EP2885584B1 (fr) 2012-07-13 2013-07-15 Appareil et procédé pour influencer la température dans un bâtiment

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12005194.1A Withdrawn EP2685176A1 (fr) 2012-07-13 2012-07-13 Appareil et procédé pour influencer la température dans un bâtiment

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (2) EP2685176A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK2885584T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2813330T3 (fr)
HR (1) HRP20201308T1 (fr)
HU (1) HUE050439T2 (fr)
PT (1) PT2885584T (fr)
RS (1) RS60768B1 (fr)
SI (1) SI2885584T1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014009565A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9970689B2 (en) * 2014-09-22 2018-05-15 Liebert Corporation Cooling system having a condenser with a micro-channel cooling coil and sub-cooler having a fin-and-tube heat cooling coil
PL129892U1 (pl) * 2018-06-06 2021-11-02 Damian Pędziwiatr Układ dochłodzenia czynnika chłodniczego w pompach ciepła, powietrzem z obiektu ogrzewanego
IT202000003386A1 (it) 2020-02-19 2021-08-19 Aermec Spa Impianto di climatizzazione centralizzato
DE102022119835A1 (de) 2021-08-13 2023-02-16 Viessmann Climate Solutions Se Wärmepumpenanlage

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3171471A (en) * 1962-02-27 1965-03-02 Borg Warner Multi-room air conditioning systems
CH404929A (de) * 1963-11-19 1965-12-31 Sulzer Ag Dreirohr-Klimaanlage
US4645908A (en) * 1984-07-27 1987-02-24 Uhr Corporation Residential heating, cooling and energy management system
DE4209188C2 (de) * 1992-03-20 1994-02-03 Kulmbacher Klimageraete Anordnung zur Klimatisierung von Räumen, insbesondere der Fahrgastzelle von Kraftfahrzeugen
ATE277331T1 (de) 2002-03-23 2004-10-15 Colt Internat Holdings Ag Vorrichtung und verfahren zur klimatisierung insbesondere kühlen und heizen in gebäuden
DE10213339A1 (de) * 2002-03-26 2003-10-16 Gea Happel Klimatechnik Wärmepumpe zum gleichzeitigen Kühlen und Heizen

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2014009565A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK2885584T3 (da) 2020-08-31
HRP20201308T1 (hr) 2020-12-11
SI2885584T1 (sl) 2020-10-30
EP2885584B1 (fr) 2020-05-27
HUE050439T2 (hu) 2020-12-28
WO2014009565A1 (fr) 2014-01-16
RS60768B1 (sr) 2020-10-30
ES2813330T3 (es) 2021-03-23
PT2885584T (pt) 2020-08-31
EP2685176A1 (fr) 2014-01-15

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