EP2884206B1 - Energiewandlerkühlsystem und verfahren dafür - Google Patents

Energiewandlerkühlsystem und verfahren dafür Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP2884206B1
EP2884206B1 EP14181101.8A EP14181101A EP2884206B1 EP 2884206 B1 EP2884206 B1 EP 2884206B1 EP 14181101 A EP14181101 A EP 14181101A EP 2884206 B1 EP2884206 B1 EP 2884206B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
region
energy
carbon dioxide
pressure
freezer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP14181101.8A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2884206A1 (de
Inventor
Michael D. Newman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linde GmbH
Original Assignee
Linde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US14/107,263 external-priority patent/US20140174107A1/en
Application filed by Linde GmbH filed Critical Linde GmbH
Publication of EP2884206A1 publication Critical patent/EP2884206A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2884206B1 publication Critical patent/EP2884206B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D3/12—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using solidified gases, e.g. carbon-dioxide snow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/14—Power generation using energy from the expansion of the refrigerant
    • F25B2400/141—Power generation using energy from the expansion of the refrigerant the extracted power is not recycled back in the refrigerant circuit

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an energy conversion apparatus for a freezer as well as to a corresponding method.
  • Such refrigeration apparatus may also have ancillary systems which require electrical energy, such systems to include, but are not limited to, conveying apparatus, thermostat devices, control systems, circulating fans and exhaust fans.
  • Cryogen for known refrigeration apparatus include carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and nitrogen (N 2 ) stored at high pressures in liquid bulk storage tanks.
  • CO 2 is usually stored at from 280 psig to 300 psig.
  • the CO 2 is stored as a cryogenic fluid under high pressure and at a high energy state in this storage condition.
  • the CO 2 is injected into a process for cooling the cryogenic atmosphere of the freezer, with the CO 2 fluid traveling from the pressure vessel where the CO 2 is at a high energy state in liquid form through a vacuum insulated pipeline to the point of use which is in the cryogenic food freezer.
  • the pipeline terminates in at least one and for many applications a plurality of nozzles in which to distribute the cryogen to the freezer atmosphere.
  • the saturated liquid CO 2 experiences a pressure drop across the nozzle as it expands into the ambient environment of the freezer chamber.
  • WO 2011/059615 A1 discloses a fan for a refrigerant fluid, including at least one blade having an internal space through which the refrigerant fluid passes. Energy may be moved from the refrigerant fluid by the fan or by a snow injection device, and that energy may be used to power a refrigerant apparatus.
  • a fan and/or an injection device for refrigeration apparatus which is capable of converting the potential energy of the refrigerant liquid into electrical energy, mechanical energy, or any other method of performing work with the high pressure liquid refrigerant prior to injection, at a lower energy state (subcooled).
  • the captured energy from this process can be used to power various ancillary systems or for other purposes.
  • an object of the present invention is to overcome the problems that earlier apparatus and earlier methods have experienced.
  • the present invention basically provides for a self-powered energy conversion refrigeration apparatus and method; more particularly, the present invention provides for an apparatus and a method for transferring potential energy of a high pressure, high energy cryogenic fluid into mechanical energy for increasing the amount of refrigeration by decreasing the enthalpy of the fluid for use with freezers, in particular with cryogenic food freezers.
  • the present invention relates to an energy conversion apparatus for a freezer including at least one housing having a first region therein for receiving liquid carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) at a first pressure and at a first energy state for providing potential energy; at least one movable member rotatably mounted to the housing and having a second region in fluid communication with the first region, the second region constructed to receive the liquid carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) for changing to a second pressure less than the first pressure, and a second energy state less than the first energy state for providing kinetic energy from which mechanical work is provided to rotate the movable member; and at least one discharge member connected to the movable member and having a third region in fluid communication with the second region, the third region continuing the mechanical work when exhausting the liquid carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) at a third pressure less than the second pressure, and at a third energy state less than the second energy state such that the liquid carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is changed to a carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) snow.
  • cryogenic fluid such as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) or hydrogen (N 2 ).
  • the movable member comprises at least one turbine.
  • the movable member may expediently include at least one internal space interconnecting the first region and the second region for providing the fluid communication.
  • the discharge member may favourably be at least one nozzle.
  • the apparatus may preferably further include at least one freezing chamber for freezing at least one product, the movable member being advantageously disposed in said freezing chamber.
  • the freezer may expediently be a food freezer, and the freezing chamber may favourably be disposed within the food freezer.
  • the apparatus may preferably further include at least one freezing chamber for freezing at least one product, and the discharge member may advantageously include at least one outlet pipe in fluid communication with the freezing chamber in which the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) snow is provided.
  • CO 2 carbon dioxide
  • the movable member may expediently be disposed external to the freezing chamber.
  • the apparatus may favourably further include at least one generator electrically connected to the movable member for receiving the kinetic energy.
  • a method of energy conversion for a freezer which includes providing liquid carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) at a first pressure and at a first energy state to a first region for providing potential energy by introducing the liquid carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) into a turbine; expanding the liquid carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) to a second pressure less than the first pressure, and to a second energy state less than the first energy state in a second region in fluid communication with the first region for providing kinetic energy for performing mechanical work in the second region; and exhausting the liquid carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) as a carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) snow at a third pressure less than the second pressure, and at a third energy state less than the second energy state from a third region in fluid communication with the second region.
  • liquid carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) at a first pressure and at a first energy state to a first region for providing potential energy by introducing the liquid carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) into a turbine
  • expanding the liquid carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) to a second pressure less than the first pressure, and to a second
  • the method of the providing the kinetic energy and the expanding the liquid carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) may preferably occur external to the freezer.
  • the method may advantageously further include generating electricity from the mechanical work of the expanding liquid carbon dioxide (CO 2 ).
  • the third region may expediently include at least one nozzle.
  • the method may favourably further include freezing at least one product, in particular at least one food product, by the freezer.
  • the present refrigeration apparatus utilizes internal fans with snow injection devices and/or externally mounted turbines which are capable of reducing the energy state (enthalpy) of the cryogen and generating electrical energy.
  • the fan and snow injection device described herein are operable via energy provided by the refrigerant fluid. No motors are necessary to operate the fan or snow injection device. Energy may be removed from the refrigerant fluid by the fan or snow injection device, and that energy may be used to power other parts of the refrigeration apparatus.
  • the refrigerant fluid provides energy to power the fan or snow injection device (performs work)
  • the fluid is delivered into the refrigeration apparatus with less energy, which results in a subcooled fluid, which in turn results in a greater cooling capacity per pound of refrigerant fluid supplied to the refrigeration apparatus.
  • a fan for refrigerant fluid comprising at least one blade having an internal space therein through which a refrigerant fluid passes; at least one nozzle in fluid communication with the internal space of the at least one blade, wherein the at least one nozzle discharges the refrigerant fluid from the at least one blade at a velocity sufficient to rotate the at least one blade; and an electrical generator operationally connected to the at least one blade (alternately a mechanical breaking device can be substituted for an electrical generator.
  • the fan may comprise a plurality of blades.
  • the refrigerant fluid may be flashed into a mixture of solid and gaseous refrigerant as it is discharged from the at least one blade.
  • a snow injection device for a carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) refrigerant fluid comprising a disk having an internal space therein through which a CO 2 refrigerant fluid passes; at least one nozzle in communication with the internal space within the disk which discharges the CO 2 refrigerant fluid from the disk at a velocity sufficient to rotate the disk, the at least one nozzle being adapted to flash the CO 2 refrigerant fluid into gas and solid phases; and an electrical generator (or mechanical break) operationally connected to the disk.
  • CO 2 carbon dioxide
  • the snow injection device may comprise a plurality of nozzles in communication with the internal space in the disk.
  • the snow injection device may further comprise a shroud operatively associated with the snow injection device for causing the solid phase of the flashed CO 2 refrigerant fluid to fall at a reduced velocity out of the device, and into the refrigeration chamber.
  • the fan and/or snow injection device may further comprise means for storing electricity which are in direct or indirect electrical communication with the electrical generator.
  • the above described nozzles may be high-velocity nozzles, and particularly may be supersonic nozzles.
  • the fan or similar device may also be connected to a mechanical break which releases energy to the environment in the form of heat, thereby removing energy from the cryogenic fluid.
  • an embodiment of the fan shown generally at 10 includes a supply of refrigerant fluid 12, which enters a rotary union 14, proceeds through an internal space 16 of at least one blade 18 and is discharged through nozzle 20.
  • the refrigerant fluid which may be a cryogen fluid such as liquid carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), is delivered from a remote source (not shown) through a pipe 11 or conduit into the rotary union 14, the pipe 11 or conduit being in communication with the internal space 16 such that there is a flow of refrigerant fluid from the remote source through the pipe 11 or conduit and rotary union 14 into the internal space 16 of blade 18 or blades.
  • a remote source not shown
  • CO 2 liquid carbon dioxide
  • the blades 18 are engaged with the rotary union 14 such that the rotary union 14 remains stationary as the blades 18 rotate.
  • the internal space 16 may operate as a conduit for the refrigerant fluid 12, or the internal space 16 may be sized and shaped to receive a conduit extending along the fan blade as shown. Such a conduit would be in fluid communication with the pipe 11.
  • the nozzle 20 may be mounted to a tip of the blade 18 and is in fluid communication with the internal space 16 or conduit therein.
  • the nozzle 20 may be a supersonic nozzle and may have its discharge orifice at a right angle with respect to the blade 18. Discharge speeds from the supersonic nozzle may be up to about Mach 3.
  • the refrigerant fluid 12 As the refrigerant fluid 12 enters the blade 18, it expands and performs work as it moves toward the nozzle 20, forcing the blade 18 to rotate.
  • the nozzle 20 also increases the velocity of the exiting refrigerant fluid and further serves to increase the efficiency of the refrigerator.
  • the refrigerant fluid 12 which may be CO 2 , can be either a liquid or a gas as it passes through the blade 18, but upon discharge from the nozzle 20 it flashes into a solid and a gas.
  • the fan for refrigerant fluid may additionally comprise one or more blades which do not have the internal spaces 16 therein.
  • the blades 18 may be operationally connected to or engaged with an electrical generator (not shown) which will function as a mechanical break and will convert the kinetic energy of the rotating blades into electrical energy. Potential energy of the cryogenic fluid at high pressure is converted into kinetic energy upon expansion of the fluid for rotation or movement of the blades 18.
  • an electrical generator not shown
  • the kinetic energy of the moving blades 18 is transferred out of the apparatus or process. As a result, the cryogenic fluid becomes subcooled. Mechanical work is done by the fluid, thereby reducing its energy state.
  • the blades, as part of a rotor assembly, may be connected to the electrical generator, via a shaft and gear box.
  • the shaft may be a low speed shaft that turns a gear which is adapted to turn a second gear connected to a high-speed shaft at a much faster speed than the low-speed shaft turns.
  • the high-speed shaft turns a generator which is housed within a structure which provides a magnetic field. As the generator turns, the magnetic field is altered, thereby generating electricity.
  • the fan apparatus 10 using the liquid cryogen will have the cryogen at different levels of energy as it proceeds through the apparatus. That is, when the liquid cryogen, such as the liquid CO 2 or liquid N 2 , is introduced through the pipe 11 into the union 14, the liquid cryogen has its highest level of energy at the region A.
  • the liquid cryogen such as the liquid CO 2 or liquid N 2
  • the liquid cryogen is under a relatively high state of pressure and therefore the energy is similarly at its highest level.
  • the liquid cryogen moves to the blade 18 and into the internal space 16, the liquid is subcooled as it performs work on the system along the region B.
  • electrical energy extracted from the rotating blades 18 by the electrical generator can be used directly or can be stored in energy storage devices such as capacitors or batteries to provide electrical energy to the ancillary systems of the refrigeration apparatus or for other purposes.
  • energy storage devices such as capacitors or batteries to provide electrical energy to the ancillary systems of the refrigeration apparatus or for other purposes.
  • a single fan 10 Under testing and load conditions, a single fan 10 has been shown to generate in excess of 1.5 horsepower (HP).
  • the fans do not require electrical energy in order to function, they can provide electrical energy for other components of the refrigeration apparatus which is converted from the potential energy of the refrigerant fluid.
  • a refrigeration apparatus which is powered only by the refrigerant fluid may be provided.
  • the electrical energy generated by the electrical generator may be used to power exhaust fans, conveyor motors, control panels, or other devices associated with the refrigeration apparatus.
  • the electrical energy may be used to power devices or apparatus which are not part of the refrigeration apparatus, or such energy may be sent to the local electrical power grid.
  • an embodiment of snow injection device 30 includes a supply of CO 2 refrigerant fluid 32 delivered in a pipe 33 or conduit, which enters a rotary union 34, proceeds through the internal space 36 of disk 38 and is discharged through the nozzles 40.
  • a supply of CO 2 refrigerant fluid 32 delivered in a pipe 33 or conduit, which enters a rotary union 34, proceeds through the internal space 36 of disk 38 and is discharged through the nozzles 40.
  • the disk 38 is engaged with the rotary union 34 such that the rotary union 34 remains stationary as the disk 38 rotates.
  • the internal space 36 may operate as a conduit for the CO 2 refrigerant fluid 32 as shown, or the internal space 36 may be sized and shaped to receive a conduit or conduits extending along the disk.
  • the internal space 36 would be in fluid communication with the pipe 33.
  • the nozzles 40 are mounted to the periphery of the disk 38 and are in fluid communication with the internal space 36 or conduit therein.
  • the nozzles 40 may be supersonic nozzles and may have discharge orifices at right angles with respect to the disk 38.
  • the CO 2 refrigerant fluid 32 As the CO 2 refrigerant fluid 32 enters the disk 38, it expands and performs work as it moves toward the nozzles 40.
  • the nozzles 40 may increase the velocity of the exiting refrigerant fluid and further serve to increase the efficiency of the refrigeration apparatus.
  • the CO 2 refrigerant fluid 32 can be either a liquid or a gas as it passes through the disk 38, but upon discharge from the nozzles 40 it flashes into a solid and a gas.
  • the disk 38 As the CO 2 refrigerant fluid is discharged from the nozzles 40 at a substantially tangential angle, the disk 38 is caused to rotate. At least one of the nozzles 40 is used to rotate the disk 38.
  • the regions A to C show similar energy transfer as that discussed above with respect to FIG. 1 and to FIG. 2 . Work is performed in region B to rotate the disk 38, such that the CO 2 is exhausted from the region C at its lowest pressure and lowest energy state.
  • An electrical generator (not shown) may be disposed between the rotary union 34 and the disk 38, actuated by the rotation of the disk 38 as a rotor for the generator.
  • the disk 38 may be operationally connected to or engaged with an electrical generator (not shown) which will function as a mechanical brake and will convert the kinetic energy of the rotating disk 38 into electrical energy.
  • the disk 38 as part of a rotor assembly, may be connected to the electrical generator, in a manner as discussed with respect to the blades 18 in the embodiments of FIG. 1 and of FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 5 another embodiment of a snow injection device 50 includes a supply of CO 2 refrigerant fluid 52, which enters the rotary union 54 through a pipe 53, proceeds through the threaded connection 56 and into the rotating element 58, where it flashes into a refrigerant discharge 62 of solid and gas.
  • the rotating element 58 may be a disk, cylinder or the like, but any shape that permits uniform rotation of the rotating element 58 may be employed.
  • the refrigerant discharge 62 is exhausted into a chamber 55 defined by a shroud 60, and is substantially slowed in the chamber 55 so that a reduced or lower velocity snow 64 will be provided as the discharge exits the chamber 55.
  • the rotating element 58 is engaged with the rotary union 54 such that the rotary union 54 remains stationary as the rotating element 58 rotates.
  • the rotating element 58 may include one or more nozzles 59 which flash the refrigerant fluid into solid and gas.
  • the nozzle(s) 59 of the rotating element 58 may be supersonic nozzles and may have discharge orifices at right angles with respect to the body of the rotating element 58.
  • the nozzle(s) 59 of the rotating element 58 also increase the velocity of the exiting refrigerant fluid and further serve to increase the efficiency of the refrigerator.
  • the CO 2 refrigerant fluid 52 can be either a liquid or a gas as it passes through the rotating element 58, but upon discharge from the rotating element 58 it flashes into a solid and a gas.
  • the rotating element 58 As the CO 2 refrigerant fluid is discharged 62 from the rotating element 58 at a substantially tangential angle with respect to the body of the rotating nozzle 59, the rotating element 58 is caused to rotate.
  • the regions A to C show similar energy transfer as that discussed above with respect to FIG. 1 and to FIG. 2 .
  • Work is performed in region B to rotate the element 58, such that the CO 2 is exhausted from the region C at its lowest pressure and lowest energy state.
  • An electrical generator may be disposed between the rotary union 54 and the rotating element 58, actuated by the rotation of the rotating element 58 as a rotor for the generator.
  • the rotating element 58 may be operationally connected to or engaged with an electrical generator (not shown) which will function as a mechanical brake and will convert the kinetic energy of the rotating element 58 into electrical energy.
  • the rotating element 58 as part of a rotor assembly, may be connected to the electrical generator, as discussed with respect to the embodiments of FIG. 3 and of FIG. 4 .
  • the embodiments of FIG. 1 to FIG. 4 may be substituted for the rotating element 58.
  • FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of the present refrigeration apparatus comprising a tunnel freezer 100 employing fans 106 such as those shown in FIG. 1 and in FIG. 2 . It will be understood that a single fan 106 may be present in the tunnel freezer 100, and that the fan(s) 106 of the tunnel freezer 100 may be substituted on an individual basis by snow injection devices, such as those shown in FIG. 3 to FIG. 5 .
  • the tunnel freezer 100 includes a housing 101 in which a freezing chamber 122 is provided and through which a conveyor 114 powered by a conveyor motor 116 moves to transfer products such as food products through the freezing chamber 122 of the tunnel freezer 100. At least one fan 106 is mounted in the freezing chamber 122.
  • Each of the rotary unions 104 for a respective fan 106 is in fluid communication with a refrigerant conduit 124 which carries the refrigerant fluid 102, such as liquid CO 2 from a remote source (not shown).
  • a refrigerant conduit 124 which carries the refrigerant fluid 102, such as liquid CO 2 from a remote source (not shown).
  • Each of the rotary couplings 104 is in mechanical communication with an electrical generator 108 which harvests the kinetic energy of the rotating fan 106 and converts it into electrical energy.
  • the electrical generators 108 are in electrical communication with an electrical conduit 110 which may transfer the electrical energy, shown generally by arrows 111, generated by the electrical generators 108 to an electricity storage means 112, such as a battery.
  • the electrical energy stored in the storage means 112 may be used to provide electrical energy, shown generally by arrows 113, to an exhaust fan 120, the conveyor motor 116 as shown generally by arrow 115, and/or a control panel 118 as shown generally by arrows 117.
  • the control panel 118 may monitor the operation of the tunnel freezer 100, including the electricity generated by the fan/generator assemblies and the electrical load stored by the storage means 112.
  • FIG. 7 to FIG. 9 Another apparatus for converting the high energy state of the liquid cryogen (CO 2 ) to a lower energy state for refrigeration is shown in FIG. 7 to FIG. 9 .
  • a turbine apparatus of the present invention is shown generally at 200.
  • the turbine apparatus 200 includes a housing 210 having an internal space 212 therein and in which is mounted an impeller 214 for rotational movement within the space 212.
  • the impeller 214 includes at least one and for most applications a plurality of vanes 216, with the impeller 214 rotating about a shaft 218 disposed in and extending through the housing 210.
  • Bearings 224 support the shaft 218 for its rotational movement and transfer of such action to the impeller 214.
  • the housing 210 includes an inlet 220 in communication with the internal space 212, and an outlet 222 also in communication with the internal space.
  • the turbine apparatus 200 is mounted for example to a roof 226 of a freezer by a support member 228 which is also constructed and arranged to support a generator 230 in operational proximity to the turbine apparatus 200.
  • Electrical conduits 232 are connected to the generator 230 for providing electricity to any number of ancillary components of the freezer or otherwise.
  • the apparatus 200 is mounted external to the freezer chamber 238.
  • An inlet pipe 233 is in fluid communication with a source (not shown) of liquid CO 2 and the inlet 220 of the apparatus 200, while an outlet pipe 234 is in fluid communication with the outlet 222 of the apparatus.
  • the outlet pipe 234 extends through the freezer roof 226 into a freezer chamber 238.
  • the outlet pipe 234 is in fluid communication with a manifold 236 which has at least one or a plurality of nozzles 240 to provide a cryogen spray or CO 2 snow.
  • liquid cryogen such as CO 2
  • CO 2 liquid cryogen
  • the liquid CO 2 enters the turbine region A at a high energy state. As it engages the blades of the turbine it enters the region B, and in this region work is done by the refrigerant and energy is transferred out of the device.
  • the CO 2 in region B is at a pressure and an energy state lower than it was in region A.
  • the liquid CO 2 is subcooled (enthalpy reduced) as work is done by the fluid.
  • region C the fluid leaves the turbine at a lower energy state than region A and travels into the piping system of the freezer where it can be injected into the freezing chamber. Due to the construction of the internal space 212 and the vanes 216, work is being performed along an entire path of region B in the internal space 212.
  • a single fan 10 has been shown to generate in excess of 1.5 horsepower (HP).
  • the 1.5 HP is equivalent to 3,818 BTU/hr.
  • This energy is removed from the cryogenic fluid (CO 2 ), thereby now producing 23,904 BTU/hr of refrigeration versus the 20,086 BTU/hr without the fan for a total increase of nineteen percent in refrigeration, with the added benefit of no electricity required to power the fan.
  • the transition of the liquid CO 2 from region B to region C causes the CO 2 snow to be exhausted from the region C at its lowest pressure and energy state.
  • the present invention provides an energy conversion apparatus, a turbine, for an intermittent step of doing mechanical work with high pressure cryogen before same is injected into a freezer chamber 238.
  • the power generated from the generator 230 can be used to power ancillary equipment or other equipment of the freezer.
  • the high energy state of the liquid cryogen is reduced prior to it being introduced into the freezing chamber 238 at which point the liquid cryogen now produces an increased amount of CO 2 snow which is in a phase that provides a higher heat transfer rate for any product, such as food products, when the snow comes in contact with in the freezer.
  • the turbine apparatus 200 may be used with or substituted for the rotary unions 104, fans 106 and generator 108 of the tunnel freezer 100 in FIG. 6 .
  • the refrigerant fluid referred to in the above tunnel freezer and fan embodiments may be CO 2 which may be either in liquid or gas form, or a mixture thereof.
  • the fan and disk embodiments discussed above may subcool the liquid CO 2 before it is discharged from the fan. This subcooling results in a reduction in the energy state of the CO 2 , which increases the solid to gas proportion of the CO 2 when it is discharged from the nozzle(s) of the fan or disk.
  • the solid proportion of CO 2 discharged from the present fan embodiments may be from about 52 percent to about 57 percent, whereas traditional, stationary injection devices typically realize a solid proportion of from about 47 percent to about 48 percent.
  • a self-powered refrigeration apparatus comprising a refrigeration chamber and at least one fan, comprising at least one blade having an internal space therein through which a refrigerant fluid passes; at least one nozzle in fluid communication with the internal space within each of the at least one blade, wherein the at least one nozzle discharges the refrigerant fluid into the refrigeration chamber at a velocity sufficient to rotate the at least one blade; and an electrical generator operationally connected to the plurality of blades.
  • the fan may comprise a plurality of blades.
  • a self-powered refrigeration apparatus comprising a refrigeration chamber and at least one snow injection device, comprising a disk having an internal space therein through which a CO 2 refrigerant fluid passes; at least one nozzle in communication with the internal space within the disk which discharges the CO 2 refrigerant fluid from the disk at a velocity sufficient to rotate the disk, the at least one nozzle being adapted to flash the CO 2 refrigerant fluid into gas and solid phases and eject the gas and solid phases into the refrigeration chamber; and an electrical generator operationally connected to the disk.
  • the snow injection device may comprise a plurality of nozzles.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Energieumwandlungsvorrichtung (100) für eine Gefriervorrichtung, Folgendes umfassend:
    - mindestens ein Gehäuse (101), das einen ersten Bereich (A) darin aufweist, um flüssiges Kohlenstoffdioxid (CO2) mit einem ersten Druck und einem ersten Energiezustand zum Bereitstellen potenzieller Energie aufzunehmen;
    - mindestens ein bewegliches Element (10; 38; 58; 200), das drehbar an dem Gehäuse (101; 210) montiert ist und einen zweiten Bereich (B) in Fluidverbindung mit dem ersten Bereich (A) aufweist, wobei der zweite Bereich (B) ausgeführt ist, um flüssiges Kohlenstoffdioxid (CO2) aufzunehmen, um zu einem zweiten Druck, der geringer als der erste Druck ist, und einem zweiten Energiezustand, der geringer als der erste Energiezustand ist, zu wechseln, um kinetische Energie bereitzustellen, durch die mechanische Arbeit bereitgestellt wird, um das bewegliche Element (10; 38; 58; 200) zu drehen; und
    - mindestens ein Abgabeelement (20; 40; 59; 240), das mit dem beweglichen Element (10; 38; 58; 200) verbunden ist und einen dritten Bereich (C) in Fluidverbindung mit dem zweiten Bereich (B) aufweist, wobei der dritte Bereich (C) die mechanische Arbeit beim Abgeben des flüssigen Kohlenstoffdioxids (CO2) mit einem dritten Druck, der geringer als der zweite Druck ist, und einem dritten Energiezustand, der geringer als der zweite Energiezustand ist, fortsetzt, sodass das Kohlenstoffdioxid (CO2) in einen Kohlenstoffdioxid(CO2)-Schnee umgewandelt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das bewegliche Element mindestens eine Turbine (200) umfasst.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei das bewegliche Element mindestens einen Innenraum (16; 36; 56; 212) umfasst, der den ersten Bereich (A) mit dem zweiten Bereich (B) verbindet, um die Fluidverbindung bereitzustellen.
  3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei das Abgabeelement mindestens eine Düse (20; 40; 59; 240) umfasst.
  4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei mindestens eine Gefrierkammer (122; 238) zum Gefrieren mindestens eines Produkts in der Gefriervorrichtung angeordnet ist.
  5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, wobei das Produkt mindestens ein Lebensmittelprodukt ist.
  6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, wobei das bewegliche Element (10; 38; 58; 200) in der Gefrierkammer (122; 238) angeordnet ist.
  7. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei das Abgabeelement (20; 40; 59; 240) mindestens ein Auslassrohr (234) in Fluidverbindung mit der Gefrierkammer (122; 238), in der der Kohlenstoffdioxid(CO2)-Schnee bereitgestellt ist, umfasst.
  8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei das bewegliche Element (10; 38; 58; 200) außerhalb der Gefrierkammer (122; 238) angeordnet ist.
  9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, ferner mindestens einen Generator (108; 230) umfassend, der zur Aufnahme der kinetischen Energie mit dem beweglichen Element (10; 38; 58; 200) elektrisch verbunden ist.
  10. Energieumwandlungsverfahren für eine Gefriervorrichtung, Folgendes umfassend:
    - Bereitstellen von flüssigem Kohlenstoffdioxid (CO2) mit einem ersten Druck und einem ersten Energiezustand in einem ersten Bereich (A) zum Bereitstellen von potentieller Energie durch Einleiten des flüssigen Kohlenstoffdioxids (CO2) in eine Turbine (200) ;
    - Ausdehnen des flüssigen Kohlenstoffdioxids (CO2) auf einen zweiten Druck, der geringer als der erste Druck ist, und auf einen zweiten Energiezustand, der geringer als der erste Energiezustand ist, in einem zweiten Bereich (B) in Fluidverbindung mit dem ersten Bereich (A), um kinetische Energie bereitzustellen, um in dem zweiten Bereich (B) mechanische Arbeit auszuführen; und
    - Abgeben des flüssigen Kohlenstoffdioxids (CO2) als Kohlenstoffdioxid(CO2)-Schnee mit einem dritten Druck, der geringer als der zweite Druck ist, und mit einem dritten Energiezustand, der geringer als der zweite Energiezustand ist, aus einem dritten Bereich (C) in Fluidverbindung mit dem zweiten Bereich (B).
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, wobei das Bereitstellen der kinetischen Energie und das Ausdehnen des flüssigen Kohlenstoffdioxids (CO2) außerhalb der Gefriervorrichtung geschieht.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, ferner das Erzeugen von Strom aus der mechanischen Arbeit des Ausdehnens des flüssigen Kohlenstoffdioxids (CO2) umfassend.
  13. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 12, wobei der dritte Bereich (C) mindestens ein Abgabeelement (20; 40; 59; 240), insbesondere mindestens eine Düse, umfasst.
  14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 13, wobei mindestens ein Produkt, insbesondere mindestens ein Lebensmittelprodukt, von der Gefriervorrichtung eingefroren wird.
EP14181101.8A 2013-12-16 2014-08-14 Energiewandlerkühlsystem und verfahren dafür Not-in-force EP2884206B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/107,263 US20140174107A1 (en) 2009-11-12 2013-12-16 Self-powered energy conversion refrigeration apparatus

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2884206A1 EP2884206A1 (de) 2015-06-17
EP2884206B1 true EP2884206B1 (de) 2019-05-22

Family

ID=51383561

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14181101.8A Not-in-force EP2884206B1 (de) 2013-12-16 2014-08-14 Energiewandlerkühlsystem und verfahren dafür

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2884206B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3318825B1 (de) * 2016-11-02 2021-12-29 Linde GmbH Verfahren und vorrichtung zum kühlen von gegenständen mittels einer kryogenen flüssigkeit mittels oszillierenden fluidseparationsdüsen
EP3364041A1 (de) * 2017-02-17 2018-08-22 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Lüfterschaufel und entsprechender lüfter

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1895886A (en) * 1930-03-22 1933-01-31 Borden Co Apparatus for manufacturing solid carbon dioxide
US3714793A (en) * 1971-01-18 1973-02-06 Union Carbide Corp Intransit liquefied gas refrigeration system
SU737729A1 (ru) * 1977-09-26 1980-05-30 За витель "Устройство дл замораживани жидких и пастообразных продуктов в виде гранул
DE19852185C2 (de) * 1998-08-04 2001-01-11 Mg Chorzow Spolka Z O O Trockenschneekanone
GB2355511A (en) * 1999-07-15 2001-04-25 Air Prod & Chem Freezing products
US20110107774A1 (en) * 2009-11-12 2011-05-12 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Self-Powered Refrigeration Apparatus
US20130042603A1 (en) * 2011-08-17 2013-02-21 Michael D. Newman Power generation apparatus for cryogen in transit refrigeration system
US20130118202A1 (en) * 2011-11-14 2013-05-16 Michael D. Newman Co2 freezing apparatus

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2884206A1 (de) 2015-06-17

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN1090744C (zh) 单流体压缩∥膨胀制冷装置
JP5841321B2 (ja) ガスタービン用の冷却システム及び対応する作動方法
EP3153690B1 (de) Nur-co2-flugzeug
RU2451274C1 (ru) Способ создания потока газа в рабочей части аэродинамической трубы и аэродинамическая труба
US8978381B2 (en) Method for cooling air and devices
CN103557036B (zh) 基于永磁及磁悬浮技术的一体化涡轮机组
US20030172661A1 (en) Method for recovering the energy of gas expansion and a recovery device for carrying out said method
CN101185827A (zh) 去除气体中水分及硅氧烷的系统及方法
JP2011514468A (ja) 低炭素排出複合サイクル発電プラント及び方法
EP3489595A1 (de) Auf wellenrotor basierende mehrstufige kühlanlage
US20180299070A1 (en) Self-powered energy conversion refrigeration apparatus
EP2884206B1 (de) Energiewandlerkühlsystem und verfahren dafür
US20110107774A1 (en) Self-Powered Refrigeration Apparatus
CN102620462A (zh) 热源驱动的真空制冷系统
US20120128489A1 (en) Wind Turbine Speed Maintenance System
RU2280168C1 (ru) Способ получения механической энергии в турбине, турбина и сегнерово колесо для его реализации
CN102373975A (zh) 多级溴化锂机组应用系统
RU2008142757A (ru) Аэрокосмический самолет (варианты)
JP3211942B2 (ja) 石炭ガス化複合サイクルシステムの駆動方法及び装置
CN105201563B (zh) 一种多级喷射冲击式涡轮发动机
KR20190042464A (ko) 압축 장치 및 프로세스
US20130118202A1 (en) Co2 freezing apparatus
RU2084780C1 (ru) Способ получения потоков холодного воздуха и турбохолодильная установка
CN110691894A (zh) 液态空气发动机和液态空气发动机操作方法，以及发动机操作方法及空气液化方法和系统
WO2000029737A1 (fr) Moteur aeronautique thermique a difference negative de temperature

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20140814

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: BA ME

R17P Request for examination filed (corrected)

Effective date: 20151216

RBV Designated contracting states (corrected)

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20180830

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 602014047113

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 1136602

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20190615

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: MP

Effective date: 20190522

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG4D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190822

Ref country code: AL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190922

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190822

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

Ref country code: RS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190823

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MK05

Ref document number: 1136602

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20190522

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 602014047113

Country of ref document: DE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SM

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 602014047113

Country of ref document: DE

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20200225

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20190822

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190814

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190831

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190831

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: BE

Ref legal event code: MM

Effective date: 20190831

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190831

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190814

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20200303

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190822

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190831

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190922

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO

Effective date: 20140814

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522