EP2881803A1 - Timepiece cannon-pinion - Google Patents

Timepiece cannon-pinion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2881803A1
EP2881803A1 EP13196153.4A EP13196153A EP2881803A1 EP 2881803 A1 EP2881803 A1 EP 2881803A1 EP 13196153 A EP13196153 A EP 13196153A EP 2881803 A1 EP2881803 A1 EP 2881803A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ring
bearing surface
temperature
bore
tigeron
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13196153.4A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2881803B1 (en
Inventor
Stéphane Beugin
Gaëtan Villard
Lucien Germond
Polychronis Nakis Karapatis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Montres Breguet SA
Original Assignee
Montres Breguet SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Montres Breguet SA filed Critical Montres Breguet SA
Priority to EP13196153.4A priority Critical patent/EP2881803B1/en
Priority to US14/553,186 priority patent/US9195217B2/en
Priority to EP14194961.0A priority patent/EP2881804B1/en
Priority to JP2014245571A priority patent/JP5925282B2/en
Priority to CN201410748780.8A priority patent/CN104698803B/en
Publication of EP2881803A1 publication Critical patent/EP2881803A1/en
Priority to US14/873,533 priority patent/US9367038B1/en
Priority to HK15110062.5A priority patent/HK1209496A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2881803B1 publication Critical patent/EP2881803B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/32—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. collet, stud, virole or piton
    • G04B17/325—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. collet, stud, virole or piton for fastening the hairspring in a fixed position, e.g. using a block
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B13/00—Gearwork
    • G04B13/02—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/06—Free escapements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B19/00—Indicating the time by visual means
    • G04B19/04—Hands; Discs with a single mark or the like
    • G04B19/044—Mounting and setting of the hands on the axle
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B18/00—Mechanisms for setting frequency
    • G04B18/02—Regulator or adjustment devices; Indexing devices, e.g. raquettes
    • G04B18/026—Locking the hair spring in the indexing device, e.g. goupille of the raquette
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49579—Watch or clock making
    • Y10T29/49581—Watch or clock making having arbor, pinion, or balance

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a timepiece having a first bore for receiving a tigeron which comprises, on either side of a given width clearance, a first range of first length and a second range of second length. .
  • the invention also relates to a watch movement comprising at least one such roadway.
  • the invention also relates to a timepiece comprising at least one such movement and / or at least one such roadway.
  • the invention further relates to a method of lanterning.
  • the invention relates to the field of watch movements, particularly mechanical movements, and more particularly the driving of display members such as needles, or disks, or other mobiles.
  • Clock movements especially mechanical movements, generally comprise roadways for driving needles or display disks.
  • a first pavement is laid and lanterned on the center beam.
  • the lanterning operation consists of a twisting narrowing of a tube that includes the roadway facing a range or a clearance of the tigeron.
  • This pinch is a manual task, and its result depends on the dexterity and sensitivity of the watchmaker, and is therefore random, which is unfortunate, because the lanternage aims to ensure a certain level of friction between the tigeron and the roadway during normal operation of the watch, while the manual operations of setting the time by the user apply a torque greater than that of the friction, which friction torque must not be too high.
  • the invention proposes to provide an alternative to manual lanterning too random, and replace it with a reproducible fixation of the tigeron, less dependent on the operator performing the assembly.
  • the invention relates to a timepiece having a first bore for receiving a tigeron which comprises, on either side of a given clearance of width, a first range of first length and a second second range length, characterized in that said roadway is made of at least two parts and comprises firstly a body having internally said first bore and externally a bearing surface, and secondly at least one alloy ring shape-memory device comprising a second bore, and in that said second bore has, in the free state, a diameter greater than that of the bearing surface when said ring is in a martensitic structure, and a diameter smaller than that the bearing span when said ring is in an austenitic structure.
  • the invention also relates to a watch movement comprising at least one such roadway.
  • the invention also relates to a timepiece comprising at least one such movement and / or at least one such roadway.
  • the invention relates to the field of watch movements, particularly mechanical movements, and more particularly the driving of display members such as needles, or disks, or other mobiles.
  • the invention proposes to provide a reproducible fixation of the tigeron, less dependent on the operator performing the assembly, and preferably achievable with automated production means such as a robot assembly or the like, performing the gripping and the relative positioning of the components between them, to which this robot component is capable of selectively applying heating or cooling in a localized and almost instantaneous manner.
  • the invention thus relates to a pavement 1 of watchmaking comprising a first bore 2 for the reception of a tigeron 3, which comprises, on either side of a clearance 4 of given width LD, a first bearing surface 5 of first length L1 and a second range of second length L2.
  • this roadway 1 is made of at least two parts, and comprises on the one hand a body 10 having internally the first bore 2 and externally a bearing surface 7, and on the other hand at least one ring 8
  • This at least one ring 8 is of shape memory alloy, and has a second bore 9.
  • the shape memory alloy may be chosen from different families of materials, in particular and without limitation heat-activated shape memory alloys, magnetically activated shape memory alloys, or shape memory polymers.
  • a so-called martensitic state and a so-called austenitic state which correspond to different structuring of the material, and to spatial distributions of the different atoms in space, are generally distinguished.
  • the second bore 9 has, in the free state, a diameter greater than that of the bearing surface 7 when the ring 8 is in a martensitic structure, and a diameter smaller than that of the bearing surface 7 when the ring 8 is in an austenitic structure.
  • the second bore 9 has, in the free state, a diameter greater than that of the bearing surface 7 when the ring 8 is in a pre-deformed martensitic structure, the ring having then been previously deformed , which makes it possible to obtain a clamping effect during the transformation into austenite.
  • the second bore 9 of the ring 8 has, in the free state, a diameter greater than that of the bearing surface 7 when the ring 8 is at a mounting temperature TM, and a diameter less than that of the bearing surface 7 when the ring 8 is at a service temperature TS.
  • the objective is not to go below the second transformation temperature Ms during the service, so as to avoid modifying the clamping by a possible phase transformation, even partial (that is to say without necessarily reaching the fourth transformation temperature Mf at which the transformation of austenitic structure into a martensitic structure is completely realized).
  • the mounting temperature TM is lower than a minimum operating temperature TSMIN, or greater than a maximum operating temperature TSMAX.
  • the invention is illustrated on the figure 2 , without limitation, with a single ring 8. However, the ease of implementation of the invention allows the installation of several rings 8 along the stem 3.
  • the bore 2 of the body 10 is blind, and has an axial abutment bearing surface 91, which is arranged to receive in abutment one end 31 of the tigeron 3. And the bearing surface 7 is located opposite the clearance 4 of the shank 3 when the shank 3 is in abutment abutment on this axial abutment bearing surface 91.
  • the clearance 4 of the tigeron 3 is degressive section away from the end 31.
  • the bearing surface 7 is a groove 71 formed in an outer cylindrical surface 61 of the body 10, and the second bore 9 has, in the free state, a diameter greater than that of the outer cylindrical bearing 61 when the ring 8 is at a mounting temperature TM.
  • the span 7 consists of a single variation of the external diameter of the pavement, below the ring 8 with shape memory, with a shoulder blocking the ring down during its assembly.
  • the shape memory alloy constituting the ring 8 is chosen so that the mounting temperature TM is lower than a minimum operating temperature TSMIN of -20 ° C.
  • the shape memory alloy constituting the ring 8 is chosen so that the mounting temperature TM is greater than a maximum operating temperature TSMAX of + 70 ° C.
  • the ring 8 is a split ring.
  • a shape memory alloy ring is applied, whose diameter in the free state and at ambient temperature is slightly lower than that of the roadway at the same temperature, at the place where the lantern is usually performed.
  • the ring is first deformed in order to pass around the pavement, then, once at the right height, it is heated, resumes its austenitic shape, and clamps the pavement on the shank. Processing and fastening temperatures should be low enough to prevent loosening of the ring if the watch remains cold.
  • the ring is made in one of the "Nitinol" nickel titanium alloys, in a first form at a temperature below -40 ° C., and in a second form at an ambient temperature of between -20 ° C. and + 70 ° C, this second form to ensure the clamping required for a correct and controlled friction of the tigeron.
  • Medical tools including orthodontic, allow very rapid cooling to -50 ° C or -60 ° C, or even lower temperatures, to bring the ring in the first form that allows its threading on the pavement body. It is sufficient to reduce the assembly to the temperature of the assembly room, typically close to + 20 ° C, to ensure the tightening of the ring in its second form, and immediately perform the friction torque measurement test allowing validate the component for its direct use in a motion.
  • the invention also relates to a watch movement 100 comprising at least one such roadway 1.
  • the invention also concerns a timepiece 200 comprising at least one such movement 100, and / or at least one such roadway 1.
  • the ring 8 is preformed in its martensitic structure, in order to obtain a clamping effect during the transformation into austenite.
  • cooling is applied to said body 10 before putting said ring 8 on said body 10.
  • cooling or heating is applied to said assembly 1 to bring it back to room temperature more rapidly.
  • this invention involves placing a shape memory alloy ring with a diameter slightly smaller than that of the roadway where the lantern is usually made.
  • the ring is firstly deformed in order to pass around the roadway, then, once at the correct height, it is heated, resumes its austenitic shape and clamps the roadway on the shank of the center gear.
  • the temperatures M s and M f must be low enough not to allow the ring to loosen if the watch remains cold.
  • a s and A f are around 20 ° C to 30 ° C but can also take different values.
  • the Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the mechanism, for a traditional configuration. This does not exclude the possibility of taking advantage of this mechanism to introduce other configurations that are less dependent on specific mechanical constraints. For example, the height of the lantern can be reduced; or else the deformation can be induced from the inside in the opposite direction in a reverse application of the invention.
  • the so-called “austenitic” and “martensitic” phases do not exist as such, and the transition occurs at the molecular level at a transition temperature.
  • This temperature may correspond to the glass transition temperature of one of the blocks or to its melting temperature.
  • the clamping force of the roadway on the shank of the center gear is precisely controlled in a perfectly reproducible assembly.

Abstract

Chaussée (1) d'horlogerie comportant un premier alésage (2) pour la réception d'un tigeron (3) comportant, de part et d'autre d'un dégagement (4), une première (5) et une deuxième (6) portées. Ladite chaussée (1) est réalisée en deux parties et comporte d'une part un corps (10) comportant intérieurement ledit premier alésage (2) et extérieurement une portée d'appui (7), et d'autre part une bague (8) en alliage à mémoire de forme comportant un deuxième alésage (9), et ledit deuxième alésage (9) a, à l'état libre, un diamètre supérieur à celui de ladite portée d'appui (7) quand ladite bague (8) est dans une structure martensitique, et un diamètre inférieur à celui de ladite portée d'appui (7) quand ladite bague (8) est dans une structure austénitique.Pavement (1) with a first bore (2) for receiving a tigeron (3) having, on either side of a recess (4), a first (5) and a second (6) ) litters. Said roadway (1) is made in two parts and comprises on the one hand a body (10) having internally said first bore (2) and externally a bearing surface (7), and on the other hand a ring (8). shape memory alloy having a second bore (9), and said second bore (9) has, in the free state, a diameter greater than that of said bearing surface (7) when said ring (8) is in a martensitic structure, and a diameter smaller than that of said bearing surface (7) when said ring (8) is in an austenitic structure.

Description

Domaine de l'inventionField of the invention

L'invention concerne une chaussée d'horlogerie comportant un premier alésage pour la réception d'un tigeron lequel comporte, de part et d'autre d'un dégagement de largeur donnée, une première portée de première longueur et une deuxième portée de deuxième longueur.The invention relates to a timepiece having a first bore for receiving a tigeron which comprises, on either side of a given width clearance, a first range of first length and a second range of second length. .

L'invention concerne encore un mouvement d'horlogerie comportant au moins une telle chaussée.The invention also relates to a watch movement comprising at least one such roadway.

L'invention concerne encore une pièce d'horlogerie comportant au moins un tel mouvement ou/et au moins une telle chaussée.The invention also relates to a timepiece comprising at least one such movement and / or at least one such roadway.

L'invention concerne encore un procédé de lanternage.The invention further relates to a method of lanterning.

L'invention concerne le domaine des mouvements d'horlogerie, en particulier mécaniques, et plus particulièrement l'entraînement des organes d'affichage tels qu'aiguilles, ou disques, ou autres mobiles.The invention relates to the field of watch movements, particularly mechanical movements, and more particularly the driving of display members such as needles, or disks, or other mobiles.

Arrière-plan de l'inventionBackground of the invention

Les mouvements d'horlogerie, en particulier mécaniques, comportent en général des chaussées pour l'entraînement d'aiguilles ou de disques d'affichage. Une première chaussée est posée et lanternée sur le tigeron du pignon de centre.Clock movements, especially mechanical movements, generally comprise roadways for driving needles or display disks. A first pavement is laid and lanterned on the center beam.

L'opération de lanternage consiste en un pincement de rétreint d'un tube que comporte la chaussée en regard d'une portée ou d'un dégagement du tigeron. Ce pincement est une tâche manuelle, et son résultat dépend de la dextérité et de la sensibilité de l'horloger, et est de ce fait aléatoire, ce qui est fâcheux, car le lanternage a pour but d'assurer un certain niveau de friction entre le tigeron et la chaussée lors du fonctionnement normal de la montre, tandis que les opérations manuelles de mise à l'heure par l'utilisateur appliquent un couple supérieur à celui de la friction, lequel couple de friction ne devant donc pas être trop élevé.The lanterning operation consists of a twisting narrowing of a tube that includes the roadway facing a range or a clearance of the tigeron. This pinch is a manual task, and its result depends on the dexterity and sensitivity of the watchmaker, and is therefore random, which is unfortunate, because the lanternage aims to ensure a certain level of friction between the tigeron and the roadway during normal operation of the watch, while the manual operations of setting the time by the user apply a torque greater than that of the friction, which friction torque must not be too high.

L'ajustement correct du couple de friction est donc délicat. De surcroît, le lanternage pose fréquemment des problèmes d'après-vente, la chaussée étant un composant fragile, et la reprise d'un lanternage après démontage se traduit souvent par une détérioration nécessitant le remplacement de la chaussée.Correct adjustment of the friction torque is therefore delicate. In addition, skidding frequently poses problems of after-sales, the roadway being a fragile component, and the resumption of a lanternage after disassembly often results in a deterioration requiring the replacement of the roadway.

Un contrôle précis de la force de serrage appliquée est donc important, et le lanternage manuel classique ne permet pas d'atteindre cette précision, ni la reproductibilité requise.Precise control of the clamping force applied is therefore important, and conventional manual lantern does not achieve this accuracy, nor the reproducibility required.

Résumé de l'inventionSummary of the invention

L'invention se propose de fournir une alternative au lanternage manuel trop aléatoire, et de le remplacer par une fixation reproductible du tigeron, moins dépendante de l'opérateur effectuant l'assemblage.The invention proposes to provide an alternative to manual lanterning too random, and replace it with a reproducible fixation of the tigeron, less dependent on the operator performing the assembly.

A cet effet, l'invention concerne une chaussée d'horlogerie comportant un premier alésage pour la réception d'un tigeron lequel comporte, de part et d'autre d'un dégagement de largeur donnée, une première portée de première longueur et une deuxième portée de deuxième longueur, caractérisée en ce que ladite chaussée est réalisée en au moins deux parties et comporte d'une part un corps comportant intérieurement ledit premier alésage et extérieurement une portée d'appui, et d'autre part au moins une bague en alliage à mémoire de forme comportant un deuxième alésage, et en ce que ledit deuxième alésage a, à l'état libre, un diamètre supérieur à celui de la portée d'appui quand ladite bague est dans une structure martensitique, et un diamètre inférieur à celui de la portée d'appui quand ladite bague est dans une structure austénitique.For this purpose, the invention relates to a timepiece having a first bore for receiving a tigeron which comprises, on either side of a given clearance of width, a first range of first length and a second second range length, characterized in that said roadway is made of at least two parts and comprises firstly a body having internally said first bore and externally a bearing surface, and secondly at least one alloy ring shape-memory device comprising a second bore, and in that said second bore has, in the free state, a diameter greater than that of the bearing surface when said ring is in a martensitic structure, and a diameter smaller than that the bearing span when said ring is in an austenitic structure.

L'invention concerne encore un mouvement d'horlogerie comportant au moins une telle chaussée.The invention also relates to a watch movement comprising at least one such roadway.

L'invention concerne encore une pièce d'horlogerie comportant au moins un tel mouvement ou/et au moins une telle chaussée.The invention also relates to a timepiece comprising at least one such movement and / or at least one such roadway.

L'invention concerne encore un procédé de lanternage, facilement automatisable avec un robot manipulateur comportant des moyens de chauffe ou un refroidissement de façon localisée et quasiment instantanée, par lequel on effectue différentes étapes successives :

  • on introduit un tigeron dans un premier alésage d'un corps de chaussée, et de préférence jusqu'à l'atteinte d'une position de butée dans une mise en oeuvre particulière ;
  • on prépare une bague en alliage à mémoire de forme préparée pour enserrer une portée d'appui au niveau d'un corps tubulaire que comporte ledit corps au droit dudit tigeron, cette bague comportant un deuxième alésage qui a, à l'état libre, un diamètre supérieur à celui de la portée d'appui quand la bague est dans une structure martensitique, et un diamètre inférieur à celui de la portée d'appui quand la bague est dans une structure austénitique ;
  • on effectue une première phase de déformation initiale de la bague en alliage à mémoire de forme dans un premier état martensitique et à une température inférieure à une première température de début de transformation, caractéristique du début de la transformation de la structure martensitique en structure austénitique lors d'un chauffage ;
  • on effectue une deuxième phase d'installation de la bague sur la portée d'appui de la chaussée, toujours dans le premier état martensitique et à une température inférieure à la première température de transformation;
  • on effectue une troisième phase, dans laquelle le serrage de la bague sur la chaussée est réalisé par le chauffage à une température supérieure à une deuxième température de fin de transformation.
The invention also relates to a lanterning process, easily automated with a manipulator robot with heating means or a localized cooling and almost instantaneous, by which is carried out different successive steps:
  • introducing a tigeron in a first bore of a roadway body, and preferably until reaching a stop position in a particular implementation;
  • a shape memory alloy ring prepared to grip a bearing surface at a tubular body that comprises said body is prepared to the right of said tigeron, this ring comprising a second bore which has, in the free state, a diameter greater than that of the bearing surface when the ring is in a martensitic structure, and a diameter smaller than that of the bearing surface when the ring is in an austenitic structure;
  • a first initial deformation phase of the shape memory alloy ring is carried out in a first martensitic state and at a temperature below a first transformation start temperature, characteristic of the beginning of the transformation of the martensitic structure into austenitic structure during a heater;
  • a second phase of installation of the ring is carried out on the bearing surface of the roadway, always in the first martensitic state and at a temperature below the first transformation temperature;
  • a third phase is carried out, in which the clamping of the ring on the pavement is carried out by heating at a temperature greater than a second end-of-transformation temperature.

Description sommaire des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée qui va suivre, en référence aux dessins annexés, où :

  • la figure 1 représente, de façon schématisée et en section selon l'axe de pivotement, une chaussée lanternée classique par déformation manuelle du tube de la chaussée au droit d'un dégagement du tigeron ;
  • la figure 2 représente, de façon similaire à la figure 1, une chaussée selon l'invention, comportant un corps recevant le tigeron, et une bague posée avec un serrage contrôlé sur ce corps de façon à assurer un couple de friction contrôlé sur le tigeron ;
  • les figures 3 à 8 représentent successivement, en vue en coupe dans un plan passant par cette bague :
  • la figure 3 la bague à l'état libre ;
  • la figure 4 une expansion de cette bague sous l'effet d'un changement d'état par déformation pseudoplastique, consistant en une réorientation permanente mais réversible de la martensite;
  • la figure 5 l'enfilage de cette bague sur le corps de chaussée muni du tigeron non représenté ;
  • la figure 6 la contraction de cette bague avec serrage sur ce corps de chaussée ;
  • la figure 7 représente, sous forme d'un schéma-blocs, une montre comportant un mouvement comportant lui-même une chaussée selon l'invention.
Other features and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1 represents, in a schematic manner and in section along the axis of pivoting, a conventional lanterned road by manual deformation of the tube of the roadway to the right of a release of the tigeron;
  • the figure 2 represents, similarly to the figure 1 , a roadway according to the invention, comprising a body receiving the tigeron, and a ring posed with a controlled tightening on this body so as to ensure a controlled friction torque on the tigeron;
  • Figures 3 to 8 represent successively, in sectional view in a plane passing through this ring:
  • the figure 3 the ring in the free state;
  • the figure 4 an expansion of this ring under the effect of a change of state by pseudoplastic deformation, consisting of a permanent but reversible reorientation of martensite;
  • the figure 5 the threading of this ring on the body of the roadway provided with the not shown tigeron;
  • the figure 6 the contraction of this ring with tightening on this body of roadway;
  • the figure 7 represents, in the form of a block diagram, a watch comprising a movement comprising itself a roadway according to the invention.

Description détaillée des modes de réalisation préférésDetailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments

L'invention concerne le domaine des mouvements d'horlogerie, en particulier mécaniques, et plus particulièrement l'entraînement des organes d'affichage tels qu'aiguilles, ou disques, ou autres mobiles.The invention relates to the field of watch movements, particularly mechanical movements, and more particularly the driving of display members such as needles, or disks, or other mobiles.

L'invention se propose d'assurer une fixation reproductible du tigeron, moins dépendante de l'opérateur effectuant l'assemblage, et de préférence réalisable avec des moyens de production automatisés tel qu'un robot d'assemblage ou similaire, effectuant la préhension et le positionnement relatif des composants entre eux, auxquels composant ce robot est susceptible d'appliquer sélectivement une chauffe ou un refroidissement de façon localisée et quasiment instantanée.The invention proposes to provide a reproducible fixation of the tigeron, less dependent on the operator performing the assembly, and preferably achievable with automated production means such as a robot assembly or the like, performing the gripping and the relative positioning of the components between them, to which this robot component is capable of selectively applying heating or cooling in a localized and almost instantaneous manner.

L'invention concerne ainsi une chaussée 1 d'horlogerie comportant un premier alésage 2 pour la réception d'un tigeron 3, lequel comporte, de part et d'autre d'un dégagement 4 de largeur donnée LD, une première portée 5 de première longueur L1 et une deuxième portée de deuxième longueur L2.The invention thus relates to a pavement 1 of watchmaking comprising a first bore 2 for the reception of a tigeron 3, which comprises, on either side of a clearance 4 of given width LD, a first bearing surface 5 of first length L1 and a second range of second length L2.

Selon l'invention, cette chaussée 1 est réalisée en au moins deux parties, et comporte d'une part un corps 10 comportant intérieurement le premier alésage 2 et extérieurement une portée d'appui 7, et d'autre part au moins une bague 8. Cette au moins une bague 8 est en alliage à mémoire de forme, et comporte un deuxième alésage 9.According to the invention, this roadway 1 is made of at least two parts, and comprises on the one hand a body 10 having internally the first bore 2 and externally a bearing surface 7, and on the other hand at least one ring 8 This at least one ring 8 is of shape memory alloy, and has a second bore 9.

L'alliage à mémoire de forme peut être choisi parmi différentes familles de matériaux, notamment et non limitativement des alliages à mémoire de forme activés thermiquement, des alliages à mémoire de forme activés magnétiquement, ou encore des polymères à mémoire de forme.The shape memory alloy may be chosen from different families of materials, in particular and without limitation heat-activated shape memory alloys, magnetically activated shape memory alloys, or shape memory polymers.

On distingue généralement, pour de tels alliages à mémoire de forme, un état dit martensitique et un état dit austénitique, qui correspondent à des structurations différentes du matériau, et à des répartitions spatiales des atomes différentes dans l'espace.For such shape memory alloys, a so-called martensitic state and a so-called austenitic state, which correspond to different structuring of the material, and to spatial distributions of the different atoms in space, are generally distinguished.

Le deuxième alésage 9 a, à l'état libre, un diamètre supérieur à celui de la portée d'appui 7 quand la bague 8 est dans une structure martensitique, et un diamètre inférieur à celui de la portée d'appui 7 quand la bague 8 est dans une structure austénitique.The second bore 9 has, in the free state, a diameter greater than that of the bearing surface 7 when the ring 8 is in a martensitic structure, and a diameter smaller than that of the bearing surface 7 when the ring 8 is in an austenitic structure.

De façon particulière et avantageuse, le deuxième alésage 9 a, à l'état libre, un diamètre supérieur à celui de la portée d'appui 7 quand la bague 8 est dans une structure martensitique pré-déformée, la bague ayant alors été préalablement déformée, ce qui permet d'obtenir un effet de serrage lors de la transformation en austénite.In a particular and advantageous manner, the second bore 9 has, in the free state, a diameter greater than that of the bearing surface 7 when the ring 8 is in a pre-deformed martensitic structure, the ring having then been previously deformed , which makes it possible to obtain a clamping effect during the transformation into austenite.

Dans une réalisation particulière, le deuxième alésage 9 de la bague 8 a, à l'état libre, un diamètre supérieur à celui de la portée d'appui 7 quand la bague 8 est à une température de montage TM, et un diamètre inférieur à celui de la portée d'appui 7 quand la bague 8 est à une température de service TS.In a particular embodiment, the second bore 9 of the ring 8 has, in the free state, a diameter greater than that of the bearing surface 7 when the ring 8 is at a mounting temperature TM, and a diameter less than that of the bearing surface 7 when the ring 8 is at a service temperature TS.

Selon l'invention, le procédé de lanternage par montage de la bague 8 comporte différentes étapes successives :

  • une première phase de déformation initiale de la bague 8 en alliage à mémoire de forme dans un premier état martensitique et à une température inférieure à une première température de début de transformation As, caractéristique du début de la transformation de la structure martensitique en structure austénitique lors d'un chauffage ;
  • suivie d'une deuxième phase d'installation de la bague 8 sur la portée d'appui 7 de la chaussée 1, toujours dans le premier état martensitique et à une température inférieure à la première température de transformation As ;
  • une troisième phase, dans laquelle le serrage de la bague 8 sur la chaussée 1 est réalisé par le chauffage à une température supérieure à une deuxième température de fin de transformation Af, qui est caractéristique de la fin de la transformation de la structure martensitique en structure austénitique lors d'un chauffage, et qui est donc supérieure à la première température de transformation As. L'assemblage conserve ensuite sa force de serrage tant qu'il ne repasse pas en-dessous d'une troisième température de transformation Ms, qui est caractéristique du début de la transformation de la structure austénitique en structure martensitique lors d'un refroidissement (la fin de cette transformation correspondant à une quatrième température de transformation Mf). L'emploi d'un matériau à large hystérèse (différence entre Ms et As) permet par exemple un montage à une température de l'ordre de l'ambiante (voisine de 20°C), un chauffage limité et le serrage conserve ensuite ses propriétés sur une large plage d'utilisation. La température de montage peut donc être comprise dans l'intervalle de la température de service (et il est même préférable pour éviter l'utilisation de systèmes de refroidissement cryogéniques).
According to the invention, the method of lanterning by mounting the ring 8 comprises different successive stages:
  • a first phase of initial deformation of the shape memory alloy ring 8 in a first martensitic state and at a temperature below a first transformation start temperature As, characteristic of the beginning of the transformation of the martensitic structure into austenitic structure during heating;
  • followed by a second phase of installation of the ring 8 on the bearing surface 7 of the roadway 1, still in the first martensitic state and at a temperature below the first transformation temperature As;
  • a third phase, in which the tightening of the ring 8 on the roadway 1 is achieved by heating at a temperature higher than a second end-of-transformation temperature Af, which is characteristic of the end of the transformation of the martensitic structure into a structure austenitic during heating, and which is therefore greater than the first transformation temperature As. The assembly then retains its clamping force as long as it does not pass below a third transformation temperature Ms, which is characteristic of the beginning of the transformation of the austenitic structure into a martensitic structure during cooling (the end of this transformation corresponding to a fourth transformation temperature Mf). The use of a material with a large hysteresis (difference between Ms and As) makes it possible, for example, to mount at a temperature of the order of the ambient (close to 20 ° C.), a limited heating and the clamping then retains its properties over a wide range of use. The mounting temperature can therefore be in the range of the operating temperature (and it is even preferable to avoid the use of cryogenic cooling systems).

L'objectif est de ne pas descendre en-dessous de la deuxième température de transformation Ms lors du service, de façon à éviter de modifier le serrage par une éventuelle transformation de phase, même partielle (c'est-à-dire sans forcément atteindre la quatrième température de transformation Mf à laquelle la transformation de structure austénitique en structure martensitique est complètement réalisée).The objective is not to go below the second transformation temperature Ms during the service, so as to avoid modifying the clamping by a possible phase transformation, even partial (that is to say without necessarily reaching the fourth transformation temperature Mf at which the transformation of austenitic structure into a martensitic structure is completely realized).

Dans une mise en oeuvre particulière, la température de montage TM est inférieure à une température de service minimale TSMIN, ou supérieure à une température de service maximale TSMAX.In a particular implementation, the mounting temperature TM is lower than a minimum operating temperature TSMIN, or greater than a maximum operating temperature TSMAX.

L'invention est illustrée sur la figure 2, de façon non limitative, avec une bague 8 unique. Toutefois la facilité de mise en oeuvre de l'invention autorise la pose de plusieurs bagues 8 le long du tigeron 3.The invention is illustrated on the figure 2 , without limitation, with a single ring 8. However, the ease of implementation of the invention allows the installation of several rings 8 along the stem 3.

De préférence, l'alésage 2 du corps 10 est borgne, et comporte une surface d'appui de butée axiale 91, qui est agencée pour recevoir en appui une extrémité 31 du tigeron 3. Et la portée d'appui 7 est située face au dégagement 4 du tigeron 3 quand le tigeron 3 est en appui de butée sur cette surface d'appui de butée axiale 91.Preferably, the bore 2 of the body 10 is blind, and has an axial abutment bearing surface 91, which is arranged to receive in abutment one end 31 of the tigeron 3. And the bearing surface 7 is located opposite the clearance 4 of the shank 3 when the shank 3 is in abutment abutment on this axial abutment bearing surface 91.

Dans une variante particulière, tel que visible sur la figure 2, le dégagement 4 du tigeron 3 est de section dégressive en s'éloignant de l'extrémité 31.In a particular variant, as visible on the figure 2 , the clearance 4 of the tigeron 3 is degressive section away from the end 31.

Dans une réalisation particulière de la chaussée 1, la portée d'appui 7 est une gorge 71 ménagée dans une portée cylindrique extérieure 61 du corps 10, et le deuxième alésage 9 a, à l'état libre, un diamètre supérieur à celui de la portée cylindrique extérieure 61 quand la bague 8 est à une température de montage TM.In a particular embodiment of the roadway 1, the bearing surface 7 is a groove 71 formed in an outer cylindrical surface 61 of the body 10, and the second bore 9 has, in the free state, a diameter greater than that of the outer cylindrical bearing 61 when the ring 8 is at a mounting temperature TM.

Dans une autre réalisation particulière et avantageuse, la portée 7 consiste en une unique variation du diamètre externe de la chaussé, en-dessous de la bague 8 à mémoire de forme, avec un épaulement bloquant la bague vers le bas lors de son montageIn another particular and advantageous embodiment, the span 7 consists of a single variation of the external diameter of the pavement, below the ring 8 with shape memory, with a shoulder blocking the ring down during its assembly.

Dans un premier mode de réalisation, l'alliage à mémoire de forme constituant la bague 8 est choisi de façon à ce que la température de montage TM soit inférieure à une température de service minimale TSMIN de -20°C.In a first embodiment, the shape memory alloy constituting the ring 8 is chosen so that the mounting temperature TM is lower than a minimum operating temperature TSMIN of -20 ° C.

Dans un deuxième mode de réalisation, l'alliage à mémoire de forme constituant la bague 8 est choisi de façon à ce que la température de montage TM soit supérieure à une température de service maximale TSMAX de +70°C.In a second embodiment, the shape memory alloy constituting the ring 8 is chosen so that the mounting temperature TM is greater than a maximum operating temperature TSMAX of + 70 ° C.

Dans une variante, la bague 8 est une bague fendue.In a variant, the ring 8 is a split ring.

Dans une réalisation particulière, on pose une bague en alliage à mémoire de forme, dont le diamètre à l'état libre et à la température ambiante est légèrement inférieur à celui de la chaussée à la même température, à l'endroit où le lanternage est habituellement effectué. La bague est premièrement déformée afin de pouvoir passer autour de la chaussée, puis, une fois à la bonne hauteur, elle est chauffée, reprend sa forme austénitique, et serre la chaussée sur le tigeron. Les températures de transformation et de fixation doivent être assez basses pour empêcher le desserrage de la bague si la montre reste au froid.In a particular embodiment, a shape memory alloy ring is applied, whose diameter in the free state and at ambient temperature is slightly lower than that of the roadway at the same temperature, at the place where the lantern is usually performed. The ring is first deformed in order to pass around the pavement, then, once at the right height, it is heated, resumes its austenitic shape, and clamps the pavement on the shank. Processing and fastening temperatures should be low enough to prevent loosening of the ring if the watch remains cold.

Dans une autre réalisation particulière on réalise la bague dans un des alliages titane nickel de type « Nitinol », selon une première forme à température inférieure à -40°C, et selon une deuxième forme à température ambiante comprise entre -20°C et +70°C, cette deuxième forme permettant d'assurer le serrage requis pour une friction correcte et contrôlée du tigeron. Des outillages médicaux, et notamment d'orthodontie, permettent d'effectuer un refroidissement très rapide vers -50°C ou -60°C, voire à des températures encore inférieures, pour amener la bague dans la première forme qui permet son enfilage sur le corps de chaussée. Il suffit de ramener l'ensemble à la température de la salle de montage, classiquement voisine de +20°C, pour assurer le serrage de la bague dans sa deuxième forme, et effectuer immédiatement l'essai de mesure de couple de friction permettant de valider le composant pour son utilisation directe dans un mouvement.In another particular embodiment, the ring is made in one of the "Nitinol" nickel titanium alloys, in a first form at a temperature below -40 ° C., and in a second form at an ambient temperature of between -20 ° C. and + 70 ° C, this second form to ensure the clamping required for a correct and controlled friction of the tigeron. Medical tools, including orthodontic, allow very rapid cooling to -50 ° C or -60 ° C, or even lower temperatures, to bring the ring in the first form that allows its threading on the pavement body. It is sufficient to reduce the assembly to the temperature of the assembly room, typically close to + 20 ° C, to ensure the tightening of the ring in its second form, and immediately perform the friction torque measurement test allowing validate the component for its direct use in a motion.

L'invention concerne encore un mouvement d'horlogerie 100 comportant au moins une telle chaussée 1.The invention also relates to a watch movement 100 comprising at least one such roadway 1.

L'invention concerne encore une pièce d'horlogerie 200 comportant au moins un tel mouvement 100, ou/et au moins une telle chaussée 1.The invention also concerns a timepiece 200 comprising at least one such movement 100, and / or at least one such roadway 1.

L'invention concerne encore un procédé de lanternage par montage avec serrage de la bague 8, facilement automatisable avec un robot manipulateur comportant des moyens de chauffe ou un refroidissement de façon localisée et quasiment instantanée, par lequel on effectue différentes étapes successives :

  • on introduit un tigeron 3 dans un premier alésage 2 d'un corps 10 de chaussée, dans une position déterminée ou de préférence jusqu'à l'atteinte d'une position de butée dans une mise en oeuvre particulière ;
  • on prépare une bague 8 en alliage à mémoire de forme préparée pour enserrer une portée d'appui 7 au niveau d'un corps tubulaire que comporte ledit corps 10 au droit dudit tigeron 3, cette bague 8 comportant un deuxième alésage 9 qui a, à l'état libre, un diamètre supérieur à celui de la portée d'appui quand la bague est dans une structure martensitique, et un diamètre inférieur à celui de la portée d'appui quand la bague 8 est dans une structure austénitique ;
  • on effectue une première phase de déformation initiale de la bague 8 en alliage à mémoire de forme dans un premier état martensitique et à une température inférieure à une première température de début de transformation As, caractéristique du début de la transformation de la structure martensitique en structure austénitique lors d'un chauffage ;
  • on effectue une deuxième phase d'installation de la bague 8 sur la portée d'appui 7 de la chaussée 1, toujours dans le premier état martensitique et à une température inférieure à la première température de transformation As ;
  • on effectue une troisième phase, dans laquelle le serrage de la bague 8 sur la chaussée 1 est réalisé par le chauffage à une température supérieure à une deuxième température de fin de transformation Af.
The invention also relates to a method of lanterning by clamping the ring 8, which can be easily automated with a manipulator robot comprising heating means or cooling in a localized and almost instantaneous manner, by which different successive steps are carried out:
  • a shank 3 is introduced into a first bore 2 of a roadway body 10 in a given position or preferably until an abutment position is reached in a particular embodiment;
  • a shape memory alloy ring 8 is prepared to grip a support surface 7 at the level of a tubular body that comprises said body 10 at the right of said shank 3, this ring 8 having a second bore 9 which has, at the free state, a diameter greater than that of the bearing surface when the ring is in a martensitic structure, and a diameter smaller than that of the bearing surface when the ring 8 is in an austenitic structure;
  • a first phase of initial deformation of the shape memory alloy ring 8 is carried out in a first martensitic state and at a temperature below a first transformation start temperature As, characteristic of the beginning of the transformation of the martensitic structure into a structure austenitic when heated;
  • a second phase of installation of the ring 8 is carried out on the bearing surface 7 of the roadway 1, always in the first martensitic state and at a temperature below the first transformation temperature As;
  • a third phase is carried out, in which the clamping of the ring 8 on the pavement 1 is achieved by heating at a temperature higher than a second end-of-transformation temperature Af.

Dans une variante avantageuse de ce procédé, on pré-forme la bague 8 dans sa structure martensitique, pour obtenir un effet de serrage lors de la transformation en austénite.In an advantageous variant of this process, the ring 8 is preformed in its martensitic structure, in order to obtain a clamping effect during the transformation into austenite.

Dans une variante de ce procédé :

  • on introduit un tigeron 3 dans un premier alésage 2 d'un corps 10 de chaussée, dans une position déterminée ou, de préférence, jusqu'à l'atteinte d'une position de butée dans une mise en oeuvre particulière ;
  • on prépare une bague 8 en alliage à mémoire de forme préparée pour enserrer une portée d'appui 7 au niveau d'un corps tubulaire que comporte ledit corps 10 au droit dudit tigeron 3, cette bague 8 comportant un deuxième alésage 9 qui a, à l'état libre, un diamètre supérieur à celui de la portée d'appui 7 quand la bague 8 est à une température de montage TM, et un diamètre inférieur à celui de la portée d'appui 7 quand la bague 8 est à une température de service, la température de montage TM étant inférieure à une température de service minimale TSMIN, ou supérieure à une température de service maximale TSMAX ;
  • on effectue un refroidissement ou une chauffe de ladite bague 8 en alliage à mémoire de forme pour l'amener à ladite température de montage ;
  • on enfile ladite bague 8 sur ledit corps 10 et on positionne ladite bague 8 en position adéquate sur ladite surface d'appui 7 ;
  • on maintient ladite bague8 en position jusqu'au retour à la température ambiante de l'ensemble chaussée 1 constitué par ledit corps 10, ledit tigeron 3, et ladite bague 8.
In a variant of this process:
  • a shank 3 is introduced into a first bore 2 of a roadway body 10 in a given position or, preferably, until an abutment position is reached in a particular embodiment;
  • a shape memory alloy ring 8 is prepared to grip a support surface 7 at the level of a tubular body that comprises said body 10 at the right of said shank 3, this ring 8 having a second bore 9 which has, at the free state, a diameter greater than that of the bearing surface 7 when the ring 8 is at a mounting temperature TM, and a diameter smaller than that of the bearing surface 7 when the ring 8 is at a temperature in service, the mounting temperature TM being less than a minimum operating temperature TSMIN, or greater than a maximum operating temperature TSMAX;
  • cooling or heating of said shape memory alloy ring 8 to bring it to said mounting temperature;
  • said ring 8 is threaded onto said body 10 and said ring 8 is positioned in an appropriate position on said bearing surface 7;
  • said ring 8 is held in position until the ambient assembly of the pavement assembly 1 consisting of said body 10, said taper 3, and said ring 8 is returned to ambient temperature.

Dans une variante de ce procédé, on applique un refroidissement audit corps 10 avant d'enfiler ladite bague 8 sur ledit corps 10.In a variant of this method, cooling is applied to said body 10 before putting said ring 8 on said body 10.

Dans une variante de ce procédé, on applique un refroidissement ou un chauffage audit ensemble 1 pour le ramener plus rapidement vers la température ambiante.In a variant of this method, cooling or heating is applied to said assembly 1 to bring it back to room temperature more rapidly.

Dans une variante de ce procédé, on prépare plusieurs bagues 8, que l'on enfile côte à côte sur ledit corps 10 à des emplacements pré-déterminés.In a variant of this method, several rings 8 are prepared, which are put side by side on said body 10 at pre-determined locations.

En somme, cette invention consiste à poser une bague en alliage à mémoire de forme de diamètre légèrement inférieur à celui de la chaussée à l'endroit où le lanternage est habituellement effectué. Dans une variante particulière, la bague est premièrement déformée afin de pouvoir passer autour de la chaussée, puis, une fois à la bonne hauteur elle est chauffée, reprend sa forme austénitique et serre la chaussée sur le tigeron du pignon de centre. Les températures Ms et Mf doivent être assez basses pour ne pas permettre à la bague de se desserrer si la montre reste au froid. Idéalement As et Af se situent autour de 20°C à 30 °C mais peuvent aussi prendre des valeurs différentes. Les figures 1 et 2 illustrent le mécanisme, pour une configuration traditionnelle. Cela n'exclut pas la possibilité de profiter de ce mécanisme pour introduire des autres configurations qui soient moins tributaires des contraintes mécaniques spécifiques. Par exemple, la hauteur du lanternage peut être réduite ; ou encore la déformation peut être induite de l'intérieur dans le sens opposé dans une application réverse de l'invention.In short, this invention involves placing a shape memory alloy ring with a diameter slightly smaller than that of the roadway where the lantern is usually made. In a particular variant, the ring is firstly deformed in order to pass around the roadway, then, once at the correct height, it is heated, resumes its austenitic shape and clamps the roadway on the shank of the center gear. The temperatures M s and M f must be low enough not to allow the ring to loosen if the watch remains cold. Ideally A s and A f are around 20 ° C to 30 ° C but can also take different values. The Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the mechanism, for a traditional configuration. This does not exclude the possibility of taking advantage of this mechanism to introduce other configurations that are less dependent on specific mechanical constraints. For example, the height of the lantern can be reduced; or else the deformation can be induced from the inside in the opposite direction in a reverse application of the invention.

Les termes techniques contenus dans la description ci-dessus (austénite, martensite, As, Af, Ms, Mf) sont pertinents principalement pour les alliages à mémoire de forme activés thermiquement. Ces concepts s'appliquent néanmoins également aux alliages à mémoire de forme activés magnétiquement ainsi qu'aux polymères à mémoire de forme.The technical terms contained in the above description (austenite, martensite, A s , A f , M s , M f ) are relevant primarily for thermally activated shape memory alloys. However, these concepts also apply to magnetically activated shape memory alloys as well as to shape memory polymers.

Dans le cas des alliages à mémoire de forme activés magnétiquement, les notions de températures de transition doivent être remplacées par des notions de seuils de champs magnétiques. Cette solution est avantageuse, dans le cas où le positionnement est fait sous champ magnétique, pour éliminer toute possibilité de desserrage à basse température.In the case of magnetically activated shape memory alloys, the notions of transition temperatures must be replaced by notions of thresholds of magnetic fields. This solution is advantageous, in the case where the positioning is done under a magnetic field, to eliminate any possibility of loosening at low temperature.

Dans le cas des polymères à mémoire de forme, qui sont souvent des copolymères blocs, les phases dites « austénitiques » et « martensitiques » n'existent pas en tant que telles, et la transition se fait au niveau moléculaire à une température de transition. Cette température peut correspondre à la température de transition vitreuse d'un des blocs ou à sa température de fusion.In the case of shape memory polymers, which are often block copolymers, the so-called "austenitic" and "martensitic" phases do not exist as such, and the transition occurs at the molecular level at a transition temperature. This temperature may correspond to the glass transition temperature of one of the blocks or to its melting temperature.

De façon non limitative, des matériaux à mémoire de forme utilisables pour la mise en oeuvre de l'invention sont :

  • ou bien des alliages à mémoire de forme activés thermiquement :
    • Ag-Cd
    • Au-Cd
    • Co-Ni-Al
    • Co-Ni-Ga
    • Cu-Al-Ni
    • Cu-Al-Be
    • Cu-Zn-Al
    • Cu-Zn-Si
    • Cu-Zn-Sn
    • Cu-Zn
    • Cu-Sn
    • In-Ti
    • Mn-Cu
    • Nb-Ru
    • Ni-Al
    • Ni-Ti
    • Ni-Ti-Fe
    • Ni-Ti-Cu
    • Ni-Ti-Nb
    • Ni-Ti-Pd
    • Fe-Pt
    • Fe-Mn-Si
    • Fe-Pd
    • Fe-Ni-Co-Ti
    • Ta-Ru
    • Ti-Ni-Hf
  • ou bien des alliages à mémoire de forme activés magnétiquement :
    • Ni-Mn-Ga (mémoire de forme magnétique)
  • ou bien des polymères et copolymères à mémoire de forme :
    • PET-PEO
    • Polynorbornene
    • PE-Nylon
    • PE-PVA
    • PS-Poly(1,4-Butadiène)
    • Polyuréthanes
Without limitation, shape memory materials that can be used for the implementation of the invention are:
  • or thermally activated shape memory alloys:
    • Ag-Cd
    • In-Cd
    • Co-Ni-Al
    • Co-Ni-Ga
    • Cu-Al-Ni
    • Cu-Al-Be
    • Cu-Zn-Al
    • Cu-Zn-Si
    • Cu-Zn-Sn
    • Cu-Zn
    • Cu-Sn
    • In-Ti
    • Mn-Cu
    • Nb-Ru
    • Ni-Al
    • Ni-Ti
    • Ni-Ti-Fe
    • Ni-Ti-Cu
    • Ni-Ti-Nb
    • Ni-Ti-Pd
    • Fe-Pt
    • Fe-Mn-Si
    • Fe-Pd
    • Fe-Ni-Co-Ti
    • Ta-Ru
    • Ti-Ni-Hf
  • or else magnetically activated shape memory alloys:
    • Ni-Mn-Ga (magnetic form memory)
  • or polymers and copolymers with shape memory:
    • PET-PEO
    • polynorbornene
    • PE-nylon
    • PE-PVA
    • PS-Poly (1,4-butadiene)
    • polyurethanes

Grâce à l'invention, la force de serrage de la chaussée sur le tigeron du pignon de centre est contrôlée précisément, dans un assemblage parfaitement reproductible.Thanks to the invention, the clamping force of the roadway on the shank of the center gear is precisely controlled in a perfectly reproducible assembly.

Claims (14)

Chaussée (1) d'horlogerie comportant un premier alésage (2) pour la réception d'un tigeron (3) lequel comporte, de part et d'autre d'un dégagement (4) de largeur donnée (LD), une première portée (5) de première longueur (L1) et une deuxième portée de deuxième longueur (L2), caractérisée en ce que ladite chaussée (1) est réalisée en au moins deux parties et comporte d'une part un corps (10) comportant intérieurement ledit premier alésage (2) et extérieurement une portée d'appui (7), et d'autre part au moins une bague (8) en alliage à mémoire de forme comportant un deuxième alésage (9), et en ce que ledit deuxième alésage (9) a, à l'état libre, un diamètre supérieur à celui de la portée d'appui quand ladite bague (8) est dans une structure martensitique, et un diamètre inférieur à celui de la portée d'appui quand ladite bague (8) est dans une structure austénitique.Pavement (1) with a first bore (2) for receiving a tigeron (3) which comprises, on either side of a clearance (4) of a given width (LD), a first span (5) of first length (L1) and second range of second length (L2), characterized in that said roadway (1) is made of at least two parts and comprises firstly a body (10) internally comprising said first bore (2) and externally a bearing surface (7), and secondly at least one ring (8) of shape memory alloy having a second bore (9), and in that said second bore ( 9) has, in the free state, a diameter greater than that of the bearing surface when said ring (8) is in a martensitic structure, and a diameter smaller than that of the bearing surface when said ring (8 ) is in an austenitic structure. Chaussée (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que ledit deuxième alésage (9) a, à l'état libre, un diamètre supérieur à celui de la portée d'appui quand ladite bague (8) est dans une structure martensitique, pré-déformée.Pavement (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said second bore (9) has, in the free state, a diameter greater than that of the bearing surface when said ring (8) is in a martensitic structure, pre-distorted. Chaussée (1) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que ledit alésage (2) dudit corps (10) comporte une surface d'appui de butée axiale (91) agencée pour recevoir en appui une extrémité (31) dudit tigeron (3), et en ce que ladite portée d'appui (7) est située face audit dégagement (4) dudit tigeron (3) quand ledit tigeron (3) est en appui de butée sur ladite surface d'appui de butée axiale (91).Pavement (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said bore (2) of said body (10) comprises an axial abutment bearing surface (91) arranged to receive in abutment one end (31) of said tigeron ( 3), and in that said bearing surface (7) is located opposite said clearance (4) of said shank (3) when said shank (3) abuts against said axial abutment bearing surface (91). ). Chaussée (1) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisée en ce que ledit dégagement (4) dudit tigeron (3) est de section dégressive en s'éloignant de ladite extrémité (31).Pavement (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said clearance (4) of said tigeron (3) is of degressive section away from said end (31). Chaussée (1) selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisée en ce que ladite portée d'appui (7) est une gorge (71) ménagée dans une portée cylindrique extérieure (61) dudit corps (10), et en ce que ledit deuxième alésage (9) a, à l'état libre, un diamètre supérieur à celui de ladite portée cylindrique extérieure (61) quand ladite bague (8) est à une température de montage (TM).Pavement (1) according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that said bearing surface (7) is a groove (71) formed in an outer cylindrical surface (61) of said body (10), and in that said second boring (9) has, in the free state, a diameter greater than that of said outer cylindrical bearing surface (61) when said ring (8) is at a mounting temperature (TM). Chaussée (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ledit alliage à mémoire de forme est choisi de façon à ce que ladite température de montage (TM) soit inférieure à une température de service minimale (TSMIN) de -20°C.Pavement (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said shape memory alloy is chosen so that said mounting temperature (TM) is less than a minimum operating temperature (TSMIN) of -20 ° C. Chaussée (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que ledit alliage à mémoire de forme est choisi de façon à ce que ladite température de montage (TM) soit supérieure à une température de service maximale (TSMAX) de +70°C.Pavement (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said shape memory alloy is chosen so that said mounting temperature (TM) is greater than a maximum operating temperature (TSMAX) of + 70 ° C. Chaussée (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ladite bague (8) est une bague fendue.Pavement (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said ring (8) is a split ring. Mouvement d'horlogerie (100) comportant au moins une chaussée (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes.Clockwork movement (100) comprising at least one roadway (1) according to one of the preceding claims. Pièce d'horlogerie (200) comportant au moins un mouvement (100) selon la revendication précédente ou/et au moins une chaussée (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8.Timepiece (200) comprising at least one movement (100) according to the preceding claim and / or at least one roadway (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8. Procédé de lanternage par montage d'une bague (8) sur un corps (10) de chaussée renfermant un tigeron (3), comportant différentes étapes successives : - on introduit un tigeron (3) dans un premier alésage (2) d'un corps (10) de chaussée; - on prépare une bague (8) en alliage à mémoire de forme préparée pour enserrer une portée d'appui (7) au niveau d'un corps tubulaire que comporte ledit corps (10) au droit dudit tigeron (3), ladite bague (8) comportant un deuxième alésage (9) qui a, à l'état libre, un diamètre supérieur à celui de la portée d'appui quand ladite bague (8) est dans une structure martensitique, et un diamètre inférieur à celui de la portée d'appui quand ladite bague (8) est dans une structure austénitique ; - on effectue une première phase de déformation initiale de ladite bague (8) en alliage à mémoire de forme dans un premier état martensitique et à une température inférieure à une première température de début de transformation As, caractéristique du début de la transformation de la structure martensitique en structure austénitique lors d'un chauffage ; - on effectue une deuxième phase d'installation de ladite bague (8) sur ladite portée d'appui (7), toujours dans le premier état martensitique et à une température inférieure à la première température de transformation As ; - on effectue une troisième phase, dans laquelle on réalise le serrage de ladite bague (8) sur ledit corps (10) par le chauffage à une température supérieure à une deuxième température de fin de transformation Af. Method of lanterning by mounting a ring (8) on a body (10) of pavement enclosing a tigeron (3), comprising different successive stages: a tigeron (3) is introduced into a first bore (2) of a roadway body (10); - A shape memory alloy ring (8) prepared to grip a bearing surface (7) at a tubular body that comprises said body (10) is arranged at the right of said tigeron (3), said ring ( 8) comprising a second bore (9) which, in the free state, has a diameter greater than that of the bearing surface when said ring (8) is in a martensitic structure, and a diameter smaller than that of the span bearing when said ring (8) is in an austenitic structure; a first phase of initial deformation of said shape memory alloy ring (8) is carried out in a first martensitic state and at a temperature below a first transformation start temperature As, characteristic of the beginning of the transformation of the structure martensitic in austenitic structure during heating; - A second phase of installation of said ring (8) is carried out on said bearing surface (7), always in the first martensitic state and at a temperature below the first transformation temperature As; a third phase is performed, in which said ring (8) is clamped to said body (10) by heating to a temperature greater than a second end-of-transformation temperature Af. Procédé selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce qu'on pré-forme ladite bague (8) dans sa structure martensitique.Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said ring (8) is preformed in its martensitic structure. Procédé de lanternage par lequel : - on introduit un tigeron (3) dans un premier alésage (2) d'un corps (10) de chaussée dans une position déterminée ou jusqu'à l'atteinte d'une position de butée ; - on prépare une bague (8) en alliage à mémoire de forme préparée pour enserrer une portée d'appui au niveau d'un corps tubulaire que comporte ledit corps (10) au droit dudit tigeron (3), ladite bague (8) comportant un deuxième alésage (9) qui a, à l'état libre, un diamètre supérieur à celui de ladite portée d'appui (7) quand ladite bague (8) est à une température de montage (TM), et un diamètre inférieur à celui de ladite portée d'appui (7) quand ladite bague (8) est à une température de service, ladite température de montage (TM) étant inférieure à une température de service minimale (TSMIN), ou supérieure à une température de service maximale (TSMAX) ; - on effectue un refroidissement ou une chauffe de ladite bague (8) en alliage à mémoire de forme pour l'amener à ladite température de montage (TM) ; - on enfile ladite bague (8) sur ledit corps (10) et on positionne ladite bague (8) en position adéquate sur ladite surface d'appui (7) ; - on maintient ladite bague (8) en position jusqu'à le retour à la température ambiante d'un ensemble chaussée (1) constitué par ledit corps (10), ledit tigeron (3), et ladite bague (8). Lanterning method by which: a tigeron (3) is introduced into a first bore (2) of a roadway body (10) in a determined position or until an abutment position is reached; - A shape memory alloy ring (8) prepared to grip a support surface at a tubular body that comprises said body (10) to the right of said tigeron (3), said ring (8) comprising a second bore (9) which, in the free state, has a diameter greater than that of said bearing surface (7) when said ring (8) is at a mounting temperature (TM), and a diameter less than that of said bearing surface (7) when said ring (8) is at a service temperature, said mounting temperature (TM) being lower than a minimum operating temperature (TSMIN), or greater than a maximum operating temperature (TSMAX); - Cooling or heating said ring (8) shape memory alloy to bring it to said mounting temperature (TM); said ring (8) is put on said body (10) and said ring (8) is positioned in a suitable position on said bearing surface (7); - Keeping said ring (8) in position until the return to ambient temperature of a pavement assembly (1) constituted by said body (10), said tigeron (3), and said ring (8). Procédé selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce qu'on pré-forme ladite bague (8) dans sa structure martensitique.Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said ring (8) is preformed in its martensitic structure.
EP13196153.4A 2013-12-09 2013-12-09 Timepiece cannon-pinion Active EP2881803B1 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13196153.4A EP2881803B1 (en) 2013-12-09 2013-12-09 Timepiece cannon-pinion
US14/553,186 US9195217B2 (en) 2013-12-09 2014-11-25 Watch cannon-pinion
EP14194961.0A EP2881804B1 (en) 2013-12-09 2014-11-26 Hairspring-stud assembly for timepiece
JP2014245571A JP5925282B2 (en) 2013-12-09 2014-12-04 Watch tube
CN201410748780.8A CN104698803B (en) 2013-12-09 2014-12-09 Watch cannon-pinion
US14/873,533 US9367038B1 (en) 2013-12-09 2015-10-02 Balance spring stud for a timepiece
HK15110062.5A HK1209496A1 (en) 2013-12-09 2015-10-14 Watch cannon-pinion

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13196153.4A EP2881803B1 (en) 2013-12-09 2013-12-09 Timepiece cannon-pinion

Publications (2)

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EP2881803A1 true EP2881803A1 (en) 2015-06-10
EP2881803B1 EP2881803B1 (en) 2017-10-04

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EP13196153.4A Active EP2881803B1 (en) 2013-12-09 2013-12-09 Timepiece cannon-pinion

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US (1) US9195217B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2881803B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5925282B2 (en)
CN (1) CN104698803B (en)
HK (1) HK1209496A1 (en)

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EP3252542B1 (en) * 2016-06-01 2022-05-18 Rolex Sa Part for fastening a timepiece hairspring
JP2018155523A (en) * 2017-03-16 2018-10-04 セイコーインスツル株式会社 Watch component, movement, and watch
US11327442B2 (en) * 2017-11-13 2022-05-10 Rolex Sa System for fixing a timepiece movement in a watch case
EP3800511B1 (en) * 2019-10-02 2022-05-18 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Pivoting shaft for a regulating organ

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US11256216B2 (en) 2018-09-03 2022-02-22 Rolex Sa Method for producing friction by indenting
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP5925282B2 (en) 2016-05-25
CN104698803B (en) 2017-04-12
US20150160615A1 (en) 2015-06-11
EP2881803B1 (en) 2017-10-04
JP2015114321A (en) 2015-06-22
HK1209496A1 (en) 2016-04-01
US9195217B2 (en) 2015-11-24
CN104698803A (en) 2015-06-10

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