EP2878604B1 - Monomer for synthesis of rna, method for producing same, and method for producing rna - Google Patents
Monomer for synthesis of rna, method for producing same, and method for producing rna Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2878604B1 EP2878604B1 EP13823570.0A EP13823570A EP2878604B1 EP 2878604 B1 EP2878604 B1 EP 2878604B1 EP 13823570 A EP13823570 A EP 13823570A EP 2878604 B1 EP2878604 B1 EP 2878604B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- group
- rna
- monomer
- synthesis
- phosphonate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 title claims description 82
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- NYHBQMYGNKIUIF-UUOKFMHZSA-N Guanosine Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(=O)NC(N)=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O NYHBQMYGNKIUIF-UUOKFMHZSA-N 0.000 claims description 89
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 85
- -1 triethylsilyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 77
- 230000006819 RNA synthesis Effects 0.000 claims description 67
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 claims description 64
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000002342 ribonucleoside Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- LRFVTYWOQMYALW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-xanthine Chemical group O=C1NC(=O)NC2=C1NC=N2 LRFVTYWOQMYALW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- ISAKRJDGNUQOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uracil Chemical group O=C1C=CNC(=O)N1 ISAKRJDGNUQOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- OPTASPLRGRRNAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cytosine Chemical group NC=1C=CNC(=O)N=1 OPTASPLRGRRNAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- UYTPUPDQBNUYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanine Chemical group O=C1NC(N)=NC2=C1N=CN2 UYTPUPDQBNUYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- FDGQSTZJBFJUBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypoxanthine Chemical group O=C1NC=NC2=C1NC=N2 FDGQSTZJBFJUBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000548 ribosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 229930024421 Adenine Natural products 0.000 claims description 10
- 229960000643 adenine Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N adenyl group Chemical group N1=CN=C2N=CNC2=C1N GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- UGQMRVRMYYASKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hypoxanthine nucleoside Chemical group OC1C(O)C(CO)OC1N1C(NC=NC2=O)=C2N=C1 UGQMRVRMYYASKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940104302 cytosine Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940035893 uracil Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940075420 xanthine Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000006656 (C2-C4) alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 108090000371 Esterases Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- ILMRJRBKQSSXGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl(dimethyl)silicon Chemical group C[Si](C)C(C)(C)C ILMRJRBKQSSXGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000025 triisopropylsilyl group Chemical group C(C)(C)[Si](C(C)C)(C(C)C)* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000882 C2-C6 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004713 phosphodiesters Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 108091032973 (ribonucleotides)n+m Proteins 0.000 description 73
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 71
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 60
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 57
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 55
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 37
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 36
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 35
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 32
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 20
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 18
- 210000000496 pancreas Anatomy 0.000 description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-MZCSYVLQSA-N Deuterated methanol Chemical compound [2H]OC([2H])([2H])[2H] OKKJLVBELUTLKV-MZCSYVLQSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 16
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 13
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- DRTQHJPVMGBUCF-XVFCMESISA-N Uridine Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C=C1 DRTQHJPVMGBUCF-XVFCMESISA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 12
- IDXWTSSXQWGFCF-OJAKKHQRSA-N 1-[(2r,3r,4s,5r)-5-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]pyrimidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C=C1 IDXWTSSXQWGFCF-OJAKKHQRSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 7
- GBMDVOWEEQVZKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC GBMDVOWEEQVZKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002777 nucleoside Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 7
- FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)Cl FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- CJOSHSDHCPNMOJ-SDBHATRESA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r)-2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-5-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[C@H]1N1C2=NC=NC(N)=C2N=C1 CJOSHSDHCPNMOJ-SDBHATRESA-N 0.000 description 6
- HPYNZHMRTTWQTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CN=C1C HPYNZHMRTTWQTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OIRDTQYFTABQOQ-KQYNXXCUSA-N adenosine Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O OIRDTQYFTABQOQ-KQYNXXCUSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DRTQHJPVMGBUCF-PSQAKQOGSA-N beta-L-uridine Natural products O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)O[C@@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C=C1 DRTQHJPVMGBUCF-PSQAKQOGSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010511 deprotection reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001425 electrospray ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- DRTQHJPVMGBUCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N uracil arabinoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(CO)OC1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C=C1 DRTQHJPVMGBUCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229940045145 uridine Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004679 31P NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 5
- 0 B[C@@](C1OP(O)O)OC(C*)=C1O Chemical compound B[C@@](C1OP(O)O)OC(C*)=C1O 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WGLUMOCWFMKWIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloromethane;methanol Chemical compound OC.ClCCl WGLUMOCWFMKWIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- BCNZYOJHNLTNEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)Cl BCNZYOJHNLTNEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- FQURJFMVIDBLGD-OJAKKHQRSA-N 4-amino-1-[(2r,3r,4s,5r)-5-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]pyrimidin-2-one Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)N=C(N)C=C1 FQURJFMVIDBLGD-OJAKKHQRSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000222120 Candida <Saccharomycetales> Species 0.000 description 4
- MIKUYHXYGGJMLM-GIMIYPNGSA-N Crotonoside Natural products C1=NC2=C(N)NC(=O)N=C2N1[C@H]1O[C@@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O MIKUYHXYGGJMLM-GIMIYPNGSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NYHBQMYGNKIUIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-guanosine Natural products C1=2NC(N)=NC(=O)C=2N=CN1C1OC(CO)C(O)C1O NYHBQMYGNKIUIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 4
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-LMVFSUKVSA-N Ribose Natural products OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-LMVFSUKVSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 241000223258 Thermomyces lanuginosus Species 0.000 description 4
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-D-Furanose-Ribose Natural products OCC1OC(O)C(O)C1O HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229940029575 guanosine Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000003833 nucleoside derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 4
- UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-beta-D-Xylofuranosyl-NH-Cytosine Natural products O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1C1C(O)C(O)C(CO)O1 UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JQZJEEMWFCMAQK-IDTAVKCVSA-N 2-amino-9-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-5-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-1H-purin-6-one Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1O)n1cnc2c1nc(N)[nH]c2=O JQZJEEMWFCMAQK-IDTAVKCVSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002126 C01EB10 - Adenosine Substances 0.000 description 3
- UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-PSQAKQOGSA-N Cytidine Natural products O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)O1 UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-PSQAKQOGSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102000014150 Interferons Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010050904 Interferons Proteins 0.000 description 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000021736 acetylation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006640 acetylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229960005305 adenosine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-ZAKLUEHWSA-N cytidine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)O1 UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-ZAKLUEHWSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940079322 interferon Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 108020004999 messenger RNA Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004809 thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- JVSFQJZRHXAUGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylpropanoyl chloride Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(Cl)=O JVSFQJZRHXAUGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010000834 2-5A-dependent ribonuclease Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100027962 2-5A-dependent ribonuclease Human genes 0.000 description 2
- BSKHPKMHTQYZBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=N1 BSKHPKMHTQYZBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- WADSJYLPJPTMLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(cycloundecen-1-yl)-1,2-diazacycloundec-2-ene Chemical compound C1CCCCCCCCC=C1C1=NNCCCCCCCC1 WADSJYLPJPTMLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NSPMIYGKQJPBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4H-1,2,4-triazole Chemical compound C=1N=CNN=1 NSPMIYGKQJPBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000222175 Diutina rugosa Species 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108090000604 Hydrolases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004157 Hydrolases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical group OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012228 RNA interference-mediated gene silencing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000235403 Rhizomucor miehei Species 0.000 description 2
- 108091028664 Ribonucleotide Proteins 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTDNZFYKBXGMMS-LSCFUAHRSA-N [(2R,3R,4R,5R)-2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-5-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4-hydroxyoxolan-3-yl] acetate Chemical compound C(C)(=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H](O[C@@H]([C@H]1O)CO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)N1C=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC12 RTDNZFYKBXGMMS-LSCFUAHRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009368 gene silencing by RNA Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoxaline Chemical compound N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002336 ribonucleotide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002652 ribonucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- AVBGNFCMKJOFIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylammonium acetate Chemical compound CC(O)=O.CCN(CC)CC AVBGNFCMKJOFIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WJKHJLXJJJATHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic anhydride Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F WJKHJLXJJJATHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 102000040650 (ribonucleotides)n+m Human genes 0.000 description 1
- JUDOLRSMWHVKGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dioxo-1$l^{6},2-benzodithiol-3-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)SS(=O)(=O)C2=C1 JUDOLRSMWHVKGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDNKZNFMNDZQMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diisopropylcarbodiimide Chemical compound CC(C)N=C=NC(C)C BDNKZNFMNDZQMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ASOKPJOREAFHNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(O)N=NC2=C1 ASOKPJOREAFHNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004973 1-butenyl group Chemical group C(=CCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000006017 1-propenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QWENRTYMTSOGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-1,2,3-Triazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNN=1 QWENRTYMTSOGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JPSKCQCQZUGWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,7-Oxepanedione Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC(=O)O1 JPSKCQCQZUGWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YOETUEMZNOLGDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl carbonochloridate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(Cl)=O YOETUEMZNOLGDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBNVSWHUJDDZRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylthiirane Chemical compound CC1CS1 MBNVSWHUJDDZRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOGVTNYNTGOONP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dihydroxyoxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(=O)OC1=O BOGVTNYNTGOONP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDHWOCLBMVSZPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-imidazol-1-ylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound NCCCN1C=CN=C1 KDHWOCLBMVSZPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVQIKJMSUIMUDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-pyrroline Chemical compound C1NCC=C1 JVQIKJMSUIMUDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCGBIXXDQFWVDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-dihydro-1h-pyrazole Chemical compound C1CC=NN1 MCGBIXXDQFWVDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OXEZLYIDQPBCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-piperidin-4-ylpropyl)piperidine Chemical compound C1CNCCC1CCCC1CCNCC1 OXEZLYIDQPBCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGNCVVRIKNGJHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-pyridin-4-ylpropyl)pyridine Chemical compound C=1C=NC=CC=1CCCC1=CC=NC=C1 OGNCVVRIKNGJHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCPWBUVRMVJTSS-MGCNEYSASA-N B[C@@H]([C@H]1O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H]1O Chemical compound B[C@@H]([C@H]1O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H]1O KCPWBUVRMVJTSS-MGCNEYSASA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000589513 Burkholderia cepacia Species 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 108020004394 Complementary RNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- UGQMRVRMYYASKQ-KQYNXXCUSA-N Inosine Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C2=NC=NC(O)=C2N=C1 UGQMRVRMYYASKQ-KQYNXXCUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930010555 Inosine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- UBORTCNDUKBEOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N L-xanthosine Natural products OC1C(O)C(CO)OC1N1C(NC(=O)NC2=O)=C2N=C1 UBORTCNDUKBEOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl ethyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-O Methylammonium ion Chemical compound [NH3+]C BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- ZSXGLVDWWRXATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal Chemical compound COC(OC)N(C)C ZSXGLVDWWRXATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHSPJQZRQAJPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-alpha-Methylhistamine Chemical compound CNCCC1=CN=CN1 PHSPJQZRQAJPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Natural products C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium ion Chemical compound [K+] NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010083644 Ribonucleases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000006382 Ribonucleases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical compound [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108020004459 Small interfering RNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- UBORTCNDUKBEOP-HAVMAKPUSA-N Xanthosine Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C(NC(=O)NC2=O)=C2N=C1 UBORTCNDUKBEOP-HAVMAKPUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- INKMTIVZURLTPV-XNIJJKJLSA-N [(2R,3R,4R,5R)-2-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-5-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4-hydroxyoxolan-3-yl] acetate Chemical compound C(C)(=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H](O[C@@H]([C@H]1O)CO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)N1C=NC=2C(=O)NC(N)=NC12 INKMTIVZURLTPV-XNIJJKJLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAOBQOAVHQSFFU-NMFUWQPSSA-N [(2R,3R,4R,5R)-2-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)-5-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4-hydroxyoxolan-3-yl] acetate Chemical compound C(C)(=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H](O[C@@H]([C@H]1O)CO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)N1C(=O)N=C(N)C=C1 FAOBQOAVHQSFFU-NMFUWQPSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BNGUKTLSGQDGPF-NMFUWQPSSA-N [(2R,3R,4R,5R)-5-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-2-(2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)-4-hydroxyoxolan-3-yl] acetate Chemical compound C(C)(=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H](O[C@@H]([C@H]1O)CO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)N1C(=O)NC(=O)C=C1 BNGUKTLSGQDGPF-NMFUWQPSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DEYZRHUVPPLXFJ-LSCFUAHRSA-N [(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-2-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4-hydroxyoxolan-3-yl] acetate Chemical compound C(C)(=O)O[C@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](O[C@@H]1CO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)N1C=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC12)O DEYZRHUVPPLXFJ-LSCFUAHRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YDCNECXDBVLHLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetonitrile;azane Chemical compound N.CC#N YDCNECXDBVLHLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003838 adenosines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001420 alkaline earth metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006664 bond formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon carbon Chemical compound C.C CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012824 chemical production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005515 coenzyme Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003184 complementary RNA Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011026 diafiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- WBKFWQBXFREOFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloromethane;ethyl acetate Chemical compound ClCCl.CCOC(C)=O WBKFWQBXFREOFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- RIFGWPKJUGCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl chloroformate Chemical compound CCOC(Cl)=O RIFGWPKJUGCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- VANNPISTIUFMLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaric anhydride Chemical compound O=C1CCCC(=O)O1 VANNPISTIUFMLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISNICOKBNZOJQG-UHFFFAOYSA-O guanidinium ion Chemical compound C[NH+]=C(N(C)C)N(C)C ISNICOKBNZOJQG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole Natural products CC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=NC2=C1 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003786 inosine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004255 ion exchange chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001155 isoelectric focusing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KKHUSADXXDNRPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N malonic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1CC(=O)O1 KKHUSADXXDNRPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000006240 membrane receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020004084 membrane receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- DAZXVJBJRMWXJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylethylamine Chemical compound CCN(C)C DAZXVJBJRMWXJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMOWKUTXPNPTEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylpropan-2-amine Chemical compound CC(C)N(C)C VMOWKUTXPNPTEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003835 nucleoside group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002773 nucleotide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003729 nucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YOURXVGYNVXQKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxacycloundecane-2,11-dione Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCCCCC(=O)O1 YOURXVGYNVXQKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LJAGLQVRUZWQGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxecane-2,10-dione Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCCCC(=O)O1 LJAGLQVRUZWQGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJHUBLNWMCWUOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxocane-2,8-dione Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCC(=O)O1 ZJHUBLNWMCWUOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMIBXGXWMDCYEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonane-2,9-dione Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCCC(=O)O1 RMIBXGXWMDCYEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006340 pentafluoro ethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PZHNNJXWQYFUTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus triiodide Chemical compound IP(I)I PZHNNJXWQYFUTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940086066 potassium hydrogencarbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- USPWKWBDZOARPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazolidine Chemical compound C1CNNC1 USPWKWBDZOARPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004366 reverse phase liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001542 size-exclusion chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001981 tert-butyldimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([H])(C([H])([H])[H])[*]C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylammonium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-O triethylammonium ion Chemical compound CC[NH+](CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRGCWBWNLSTIEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(Cl)(=O)=O GRGCWBWNLSTIEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- XPEMYYBBHOILIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(trimethylsilylperoxy)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OO[Si](C)(C)C XPEMYYBBHOILIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FTVLMFQEYACZNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F FTVLMFQEYACZNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- UBORTCNDUKBEOP-UUOKFMHZSA-N xanthosine Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C(NC(=O)NC2=O)=C2N=C1 UBORTCNDUKBEOP-UUOKFMHZSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
- C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
- C07H19/16—Purine radicals
- C07H19/20—Purine radicals with the saccharide radical esterified by phosphoric or polyphosphoric acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H1/00—Processes for the preparation of sugar derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
- C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
- C07H19/06—Pyrimidine radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
- C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
- C07H19/06—Pyrimidine radicals
- C07H19/10—Pyrimidine radicals with the saccharide radical esterified by phosphoric or polyphosphoric acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
- C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
- C07H19/16—Purine radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H21/00—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids
- C07H21/02—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids with ribosyl as saccharide radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/44—Preparation of O-glycosides, e.g. glucosides
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
Description
- The present invention relates to a monomer for RNA synthesis, a method for producing the monomer for RNA synthesis and a method for producing RNA using the monomer for RNA synthesis.
- RNA plays an important role in gene expression. It is also known that RNA acts as a catalyst. In addition, RNA interference was found. RNA interference is a phenomenon of mRNA degradation by coupling complementary RNA with a part of the mRNA. Ever since the discovery, there has been a growing need for RNA having a desired base sequence.
- RNA has a structure in which ribonucleosides are bound through a phosphodiester group at 5'-position and 3'-position. Therefore, when RNA is chemically synthesized, it is very important that two ribonucleosides are bound through a phosphate group at the 5'-position and 3'-position selectively.
- In general, RNA is synthesized by binding a ribonucleotide to a ribonucleoside and then deprotecting the obtained product material. In the above process, the amino group in the base portion, the 2'-hydroxy group and 5'-hydroxy group of the ribonucleotide are protected, and the amino group in the base portion and the 2'-hydroxy group of the ribonucleoside are protected and the ribonucleoside is supported at the 3'-position on a solid-phase support. In the above chemical production process, it is an important point how to efficiently obtain a monomer of which hydroxy groups are selectively protected. A general synthesis scheme of a monomer for RNA synthesis is described bellow.
- As described above, at least seven steps are needed in order to produce a monomer for RNA synthesis. Specifically, it is relatively easy to selectively protect the amino group in the base portion, since the basicity of the amino group is high. However, in particular, the reactivities of the 2'-hydroxy group and 3'-hydroxy group are similar to one another. Therefore, the number of steps has to be larger, since it is necessary that both of the 3'-hydroxy group and 5'-hydroxy group are simultaneously protected by a cyclic protective group, the 2'-hydroxy group is protected, and then the cyclic protective group at the 3'-position and 5'-position is selectively removed.
- Studies of RNA synthesis are focused on the protective group for the 2'-hydroxy group, since the protective group is removed in the final step. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a ribonucleoside compound of which 2'-hydroxy group is protected by a 1,3-dioxolan-2-yl derivative group and the like. It is described that the substituent can be introduced using an inexpensive reagent and removed under an acidic condition which is inactive against rearrangement of the phosphate diester group. In addition, Patent Document 2 discloses an acetoxymethyl group and the like as a protective group for the 2'-hydroxy group, and it is described that the protective group can be removed by a base while the 3'-5' bond of RNA is maintained.
- Furthermore, Non-patent document 1 discloses a method for producing a monomer which is used for RNA synthesis and of which 3'-hydroxy group is H-phosphonate-esterified by carrying out H-phosphonate-esterification without selective control between the 2'-hydroxy group and 3'-hydroxy group and then selectively protecting the 2'-position by TBDMS, i.e. a t-butyldimethylsilyl group. Moreover, Non-patent document 2 describes the reaction of protected ribonucleoside 3'-H-phosphonates with nucleosides and alcohols in the presence of condensing agents under mild conditions and with notable stereoselectivity.
-
- Patent Document 1:
JP 2006-77013 A - Patent Document 2:
JP 2011-521930 A -
- Non-patent Document 1: Xiaohu Zhang, et al, Tetrahedron Letters, vol. 38, no. 41, pp. 7135-7138 (1997)
- Non-patent Document 2: Michal Sobkowski: "Chemistry and stereochemistry of internucleotide bond formation by the H-phosphonate method", New Journal of Chemistry, vol. 34, no. 5, p. 854 (2010)
- As described above, the synthetic method of a monomer for RNA synthesis is basically established and studies on RNA synthesis is shifted to a substituent. However, a conventional method for producing a monomer for RNA synthesis was developed in an era when a necessary amount is small. Therefore, such a conventional method requires many steps and is not suitable for mass production. For example, there is a case that 100 g of siRNA was traded at several billions of Japanese yen.
- It has been studied as the technology described in Non-patent Document 1 to decrease the number of steps for producing a monomer for RNA synthesis. However, the selectivity between 2'-position and 3'-position is not sufficient depending on the kind of a base portion according to the method described in Non-patent Document 1.
- As described above, a solid phase synthesis method is general as a method for synthesizing RNA, since purification can be easily carried out in each step. However, much excessive amount of a monomer for RNA synthesis is required in a solid phase synthesis method. For example, about 5 to 15 times by mole of a monomer is needed in small amount production and about 2 to 5 times by mole of a monomer is needed in mass production. In addition, there are also problems that the cost of a large amount of reagents and a solvent for washing which are needed in each step is high and a large amount of waste is generated. On the other hand, a liquid phase synthesis method is suitable for mass production due to high cost-effectiveness and energy-effectiveness. In addition, the necessity for protecting a base portion is advantageously lower in liquid phase synthesis method. Therefore, it should be considered to apply liquid phase synthesis method, if a large amount of a monomer for RNA synthesis is available. However, excessive amount of a monomer for RNA synthesis is required even in liquid phase synthesis method, although the use amount is smaller than that for solid phase synthesis method.
- Under the above circumstance, the objective of the present invention is to provide a monomer for RNA synthesis which can be efficiently produced and therefore by which the producing cost of RNA can be remarkably decreased, and a method for efficiently producing the monomer in a small number of steps. In addition, the objective of the present invention is also to provide a method by which RNA can be efficiently produced even when a approximately stoichiometry amount of the monomer for RNA synthesis is used.
- The present inventor studied earnestly in order to solve the above-described problems. As a result, the inventor completed the present invention by finding that if the monomer which is used for RNA synthesis and of which 2'-position or 3'-position is protected by a protective group such as an alkanoyl group is used even in amount of approximately stoichiometry, RNA can be efficiently synthesized.
-
- B is selected from adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil, hypoxanthine and xanthine;
- R1 is a silyl protective group selected from trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, triisopropylsilyl, dimethylisopropylsilyl, diethylisopropylsilyl, dimethylthexylsilyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl, t-butyldiphenylsilyl, tribenzylsilyl, tri-p-xylylsilyl, triphenylsilyl, diphenylmethylsilyl and t-butylmethoxyphenylsilyl; and
- R2 is a C1-4 alkyl group, a C2-4 alkenyl group or a C1-4 halogenated alkyl group.
- The monomer (I) for RNA synthesis can be produced very efficiently. Therefore, if the monomer is used for RNA synthesis, total production yield of RNA can be remarkably improved.
-
- For example, the monomer (I') for RNA synthesis of which base portion is adenine is useful as the raw material compound of 2-5A. Specifically, the oligomer in which 3 to 6 adenosines are bound through 2',5'-phosphate is referred to as 2-5A, which activates RNase L as a coenzyme to decompose mRNA of a pathogenic virus. RNase L is induced by binding an interferon to a cell membrane receptor. In other words, the monomer (I') for RNA synthesis is useful as the raw material compound of 2-5A, which plays a part in therapeutic system using an interferon.
- In addition, the present inventor studied earnestly in order to solve the above-described problems. As a result, the inventor completed the present invention by finding that the monomer for RNA synthesis can be produced in fewer steps by treating the ribonucleoside of which 5'-position is protected with a lipase, since the hydroxyl group at the 2'-position or 3'-position is esterified with high selectivity and additionally the amino group of the base portion is not needed to be protected.
- The method for producing a monomer for RNA synthesis according to the present invention is characterized in that the monomer for RNA synthesis is a 3'-H-phosphonate ester represented by the following formula (I), a 2'-H-phosphonate ester represented by the following formula (I'), or a salt thereof;
comprising the step of selectively esterifying a 2'-hydroxy group or 3'-hydroxy group of a H-phosphonate-esterified 5'-protected ribonucleoside (II) by reacting the H-phosphonate-esterified 5'-protected ribonucleoside (II) with a compound (III) in the presence of a lipase:
R2C(=O)OR3 ··· (III)
wherein R2 has the same meaning as the above; R3 is -H, a C1-6 alkyl group, a C2-6 alkenyl group, -C(=O)R2 or -N=C(C1-6 alkyl)2; - It is preferred that the method for producing a monomer for RNA synthesis according to the present invention further comprises the step of obtaining the H-phosphonate-esterified 5'-protected ribonucleoside (II) by treating a 5'-protected ribonucleoside (IV) with a phosphorus trihalide to H-phosphonate-esterify the 2'-hydroxy group or 3'-hydroxy group;
- According to the present invention method, the 2'-hydroxy group or 3' -hydroxy group can be selectively esterified by using a lipase. Therefore, it is not necessary to selectively protect the 2' -hydroxy group or 3' -hydroxy group in the previous step. In addition, since the H-phosphonate group transfers between the 2'-position and 3'-position in the H-phosphonate-esterified 5'-protected ribonucleoside which is obtained in the above reaction, when one of the regioisomers is used in the lipase reaction, equilibrium is shifted to change the regioisomer other than the substrate compound to the substrate compound. Therefore, the phosphonate-esterification can effectively proceed.
-
- The reactivity of the 5'-hydroxy group is different from those of the amino group in the basic portion, 2'-hydroxy group and 3'-hydroxy group. Therefore, it is relatively easy to selectively protect only the 5'-hydroxy group. In addition, it is not necessary in the present invention method to protect the amino group in the base portion.
- The method for producing RNA according to the present invention is characterized in comprising the steps of
condensating a monomer for RNA synthesis represented by the following formula (I) or (I') or a salt thereof:
B, R1 and R2 have the same meanings as the above; and a supported RNA represented by the following formula (VI): - R2 has the same meaning as the above;
- X is a soluble polymer, namely polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of not less than 1,000 and not more than 50,000;
- n is an integer;
- provided that when n = 0, the phosphodiester group is a hydroxyl group;
- and the substituent groups at the 2'-position and 3'-position may be interchanged with one another in each ribose unit;
- oxidizing the phosphite diester group; and
- removing the R1.
- It is preferred that the method for producing RNA according to the present invention further comprises the step of removing the R2-(C=O)- group at the 2'-position and the X-(C=O)- group at the 3'-position by a lipase or an esterase.
- It is preferred in the method for producing RNA according to the present invention that the step of removing the R2-(C=O)- group at the 2'-position and the X-(C=O)- group at the 3'-position is carried out in a solvent containing a C1-4 alcohol. The presence of water may cause a side reaction such as cleavage of RNA. On the other hand, a lipase and an esterase can catalyze a deprotection reaction even if a solvent contains a C1-4 alcohol, and the side reaction can be prevented due to the presence of such a C1-4 alcohol.
-
- B, R2 and X have the same meanings as the above;
- R4 has the same meaning as the above R1 or is a hydrogen atom;
- m is an integer of 1 or more;
- provided that the substituent groups at the 2'-position and 3'-position may be interchanged with one another in each ribose unit.
- In the present invention, the term "C1-4 alkyl group" is a linear or branched saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The group is exemplified by methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl and t-butyl. With respect to small steric hindrance and easiness to introduce or remove the substituent: -C(=O)R2, as R2, the group is a C1-4 alkyl group, even more preferably C1-2 alkyl group and most preferably methyl. If the carbon number is large, the lipophilicity of the monomer improved; as a result, the solubility to an organic solvent may be increased and reaction efficiency may be prevented from being lowered particularly during the synthesis of long-chain RNA. From such a viewpoint, as R2, the group may generally be a C10-24 alkyl group, such as a C12-20 alkyl group or a C14-18 alkyl group. When RNA is produced by polymerizing the monomer for RNA synthesis according to the present invention, it is preferred that the above alkyl group having relatively long chain is introduced as R2 every 5 to 10 bases in order to improve solubility.
- The term "C1-6 alkyl group" is a linear or branched saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- The term "C2-4 alkenyl group" is a linear or branched unsaturated hydrocarbon group which has at least one carbon - carbon double bond and which has 2 to 4 carbon atoms. The group is exemplified by ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 1-butenyl and 1,3-butadienyl. Similarly to the case of the above alkyl group, with respect to easiness to introduce or remove the substituent: -C(=O)R2, as R2, the group is a C2-4 alkenyl group, and preferably 2-propenyl. If the carbon number is large, the lipophilicity of the monomer may be improved; as a result, an organic solvent may be possibly used when RNA is synthesized. From such a viewpoint, as R2, the group may generally be a C10-24 alkenyl group, such as a C12-20 alkenyl group, or a C14-18 alkenyl group.
- The term "C2-6 alkenyl group" is a linear or branched unsaturated hydrocarbon group which has at least one carbon - carbon double chain and which has 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
- The term "C1-4 halogenated alkyl group" is a C1-4 alkyl group which is substituted by at least one halogen atom. The term "halogen atom" is exemplified by a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom. The upper limit of the substitution number by halogen atom is not particularly limited as long as such substitution is possible, and is preferably 5, more preferably 4, even more preferably 3, even more preferably 2, and particularly preferably 1. The "C1-4 halogenated alkyl group" is exemplified by trifluoromethyl, 1,1,1-trifluoroethyl, 1,1,1-trichloroethyl and pentafluoroethyl.
- The "C1-4 alcohol" is exemplified by methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, s-butanol and t-butanol, and is preferably C1-2 alcohol.
- The monomer for RNA synthesis according to the present invention has characteristics in the chemical structure that the 2'-position or 3'-position is protected by an alkanoyl group and the like. A monomer has been conventionally used in excessive amount for RNA synthesis. On the other hand, though the reason is not necessarily clear, even when the monomer for RNA synthesis according to the present invention in amount of almost stoichiometry is polymerized, the reaction proceeds. The monomer for RNA synthesis and the method for producing RNA by using the monomer according to the present invention are industrially very useful, since production cost of RNA can be remarkably reduced.
- In addition, in the method for producing the monomer for RNA synthesis according to the present invention, it is not needed to protect the amino group in the nucleobase portion of a ribonucleoside as a raw material compound. Therefore, it is not necessary to carry out multiple steps needed for selectively protecting the amino group.
- Furthermore, in the method for producing the monomer for RNA synthesis according to the present invention, the 2'-hydroxy group or 3'-hydroxy group of a ribonucleoside is selectively esterified by using a lipase. During the reaction, the phosphonate group of a 5'-protected nucleotide which is a substrate compound is transferred between the 2'-position and 3'-position in the solution, the regioisomers exist in proportion of about 1 : 1. In addition, when the 2'-phosphonate ester or 3'-phosphonate ester is used as a substrate compound by a lipase, equilibrium is shifted to change the regioisomer other than the substrate compound to the substrate compound. Therefore, it is not needed in contrast to conventional methods to selectively protect the 2'-hydroxy group and selectively phosphate-esterify the 3'-hydroxy group.
- Therefore, the number of steps of the method for producing the monomer for RNA synthesis according to the present invention is much fewer than that of conventional method and the monomer for RNA synthesis can be efficiently produced by the present invention method in low cost. As a result, the cost for producing a monomer for RNA synthesis can be reduced and then the cost for producing RNA can be also reduced by the present invention method. Therefore, the present invention is industrially very useful.
-
-
Figure 1 is the HPLC chart of the reaction mixture in which the 2'-position of a mixture of 5'-O-TBDMS-adenosine H-phosphonate esters was acetylated by a lipase derived from porcine pancreas. -
Figure 2 is the HPLC chart of the reaction mixture in which the 2'-position of a mixture of 5'-O-TBDMS-uridine H-phosphonate esters was acetylated by a lipase derived from porcine pancreas. -
Figure 3 is the HPLC chart of the RNA dimer obtained by the present invention method. -
Figure 4 is the HPLC chart of RNA henicosamer obtained by the present invention method. - Hereinafter, first, the method for producing the monomer for RNA synthesis according to the present invention is described in the order of implementation.
-
- In the above reaction, the ribonucleoside may be dissolved in a solvent and a protecting reagent may be directly added thereto or a solution thereof may be added thereto to progress the reaction.
- The base of the ribonucleoside is exemplified by adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil, hypoxanthine and xanthine. The base is represented as "B" in the above reaction formula. The ribonucleoside which contains the base can be easily and respectively available as adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, uridine, inosine and xanthosine. In the present invention, the -NH2 or =NH in "B" may be protected or may not be protected. In the method for producing the monomer for RNA synthesis according to the present invention, it is preferred that the base is not protected, since the reaction can progress if the base is not protected.
- As the protecting reagent, a halide such as chloride and bromide which contains the protecting group R1 may be used. Such a protecting reagent is commercially available or can be easily produced from a commercially available precursor compound.
- A use amount of the protecting reagent may be appropriately adjusted, and for example, may be not less than about 0.9 times by mole and not more than about 1.1 times by mole relative to the ribonucleoside.
- The solvent used in the above reaction is not restricted as long as the solvent can appropriately dissolve the ribonucleoside and the protecting reagent and does not inhibit the reaction progress. The solvent is exemplified by a pyridine solvent such as pyridine, methylpyridine and dimethylpyridine; a nitrile solvent such as acetonitrile; an amide solvent such as dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide; a sulfoxide solvent such as dimethylsulfoxide; a carbonate ester solvent such as dimethyl carbonate. Alternatively, the substrate compound (III) in the lipase reaction described later may be used as the solvent in the present step. It is preferred that the solvent is preliminarily dehydrated in order to use a solvent which does not contain water or of which water content is lowered as much as possible.
- A base may be further used. As such a base, an organic base such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, imidazole and diazabicycloundecene (DBU) may be used.
- The concentration of the ribonucleoside solution may be appropriately adjusted, and for example, the concentration may be not less than about 10 mg/mL and not more than about 500 mg/mL. When the protecting reagent is dissolved in a solvent to be added, the concentration of the protecting reagent may be also appropriately adjusted, and for example, the concentration may be not less than about 10 mg/mL and not more than about 500 mg/mL. The solvent of the ribonucleoside solution may be the same as or different from the solvent of the protecting reagent solution.
- The temperature of the reaction may be appropriately adjusted, and for example, the ribonucleoside solution is cooled to not less than -100°C and not more than 10°C, the protecting reagent or the solution thereof is slowly added thereto, and then the temperature of the reaction mixture is raised to not less than about 20°C and not more than about 50°C. The reaction time may be also appropriately adjusted. For example, the reaction may be continued till it is confirmed by thin layer chromatography that the raw material compound is completely used, or the reaction time may be determined by preparatory experiment. Specifically, the reaction time after the protecting reagent or the solution thereof is completely added may be not less than about 1 hour and not more than about 10 hours.
- After the reaction is completed, a general posttreatment may be carried out. For example, the reaction mixture is concentrated, the obtained concentrate is dissolved in a solvent of which solubility to water is low, such as methylene chloride and ethyl acetate, and the solution is washed using water. After the organic layer is dried and concentrated, the 5'-protected ribonucleoside (IV) may be further purified by recrystallization or the like.
- Next, phosphorus trihalide is added to a solution of the 5'-protected ribonucleoside (IV) to H-phosphonate-esterify the 2'-hydroxy group or 3'-hydroxy group. As a result, the 5'-protected ribonucleoside (II) can be obtained, which ribonucleoside (II) is a characteristic substrate compound of the lipase reaction of the present invention and is H-phosphonate-esterified. In the reaction, as the following reaction formula, the 5'-protected ribonucleoside (IV) is once phosphitylated and then hydrolyzed in the presence of water to be the 2'-phosphonate ester or 3'-phosphonate ester. In addition, it is supposed that equilibrium condition is kept in the aqueous solution between 2'-phosphonate ester and 3'-phosphonate ester through the intermediary of the phosphityl compound.
- When a compound having a phosphite group or a phosphate group is dissolved, P-OH is ionized to be P-OH-. In the present invention, such a condition is also represented as P-OH, and the case of P-OH- is also included in the present invention range.
- The phosphorus trihalide is exemplified by phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus tribromide and phosphorus triiodide, and phosphorus trichloride is the most readily available and the most inexpensive.
- The solvent used in the above reaction may be appropriately selected, and the solvent used in the above step (1) can be similarly used in the present step.
- In the above reaction, a base may be used to further accelerate the reaction. Such a base is not restricted and may be appropriately selected. The base to be used is exemplified by triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, diphenylamine, triphenylamine, benzimidazole, 1,2,3-benzotriazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, indole, pyrimidine, pyridine, imidazole, pyrazole, 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, 1,2,3-oxadiazole, pyrazine, pyridazine, piperidine, 2-pyrazoline, pyrazolidine, 3-pyrroline, pyrrolidine, pyrrole, morpholine, quinoxaline, 4,4-trimethylenedipyridine, piperazine, 4,4'-trimethylenedipiperidine, 1-(3-aminopropyl)-imidazole, 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) . One of the bases may be used alone, or two or more bases may be used in combination.
- The use amount of the base may be appropriately adjusted, and for example, excessive amount of the base relative to the 5'-protected ribonucleoside (IV) may be used. Specifically, not less than about 2 times by mole and not more than about 10 times by mole of the base relative to the 5'-protected ribonucleoside (IV) may be used.
- The concentration of the 5'-protected ribonucleoside (IV) solution may be appropriately adjusted, and for example, may be not less than about 10 mg/mL and not more than about 500 mg/mL. In addition, the total amount of the base in the case of adding the base to the solution is also appropriately adjusted, and for example, may be not less than about 10 mg/mL and not more than about 500 mg/mL.
- The phosphorus trihalide may be directly added or may be dissolved in a solvent to be added. The concentration of the phosphorus trihalide solution may be appropriately adjusted, and for example, may be not less than about 100 mg/mL and not more than about 1000 mg/mL. The solvent of the 5'-protected ribonucleosides (IV) solution may be the same as or different from the solvent of the phosphorus trihalide solution.
- The temperature of the reaction may be appropriately adjusted, and for example, the 5'-protected ribonucleosides (IV) solution is cooled to not less than -100°C and not more than -10°C, and the phosphorus trihalide or the solution thereof is slowly added thereto. The reaction time may be also appropriately adjusted. For example, the reaction may be continued till it is confirmed by thin layer chromatography that the raw material compound is completely used, or the reaction time may be determined by preparatory experiment. Specifically, the reaction time after the phosphorus trihalide or the solution thereof is completely added may be not less than about 1 minute and not more than about 5 hours.
- Further, the obtained phosphityl compound is hydrolyzed. For example, after the reaction mixture is cooled to not more than 10°C, a basic aqueous solution may be added thereto. The base in the basic aqueous solution is exemplified by an alkali metal hydrogencarbonate such as sodium hydrogencarbonate and potassium hydrogencarbonate; an alkaline earth metal carbonate such as calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate; an alkali metal hydroxide such as lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. The concentration of the basic aqueous solution may be appropriately adjusted, and for example, may be not less than about 0.1 mass% and not more than about 10 mass%. The use amount of the basic aqueous solution may be also appropriately adjusted, and for example, may be not less than about 0.5 times by volume and not more than about 2 times by volume relative to the reaction mixture.
- After the reaction is completed, a general posttreatment may be carried out. For example, after dialysis may be carried out to remove the used base or the like, the H-phosphonate-ester (II) may be purified by chromatography or the like.
- Next, the 2'-hydroxy group or 3'-hydroxy group of the H-phosphonate-esterified 5'-protected ribonucleoside (II) is selectively esterified by reacting the H-phosphonate-esterified 5'-protected ribonucleoside (II) with a compound (III) represented by the following formula in the presence of a lipase:
R2C(=O)OR3 ··· (III)
wherein R2 and R3 have the same meanings as the above, to obtain the 3'-phosphonate ester (I) or 2'-phosphonate ester (I'). - A carboxylic acid compound which corresponds to the substrate compound (III) to be used of which R3 is -H has relatively simple structure, and for example, is available as a commercially available compound. In addition, an ester compound or an acid anhydride compound which corresponds to the substrate compound (III) to be used of which R3 is a C1-6 alkyl group, a C2-6 alkenyl group, -C(=O)R2 or -N=C(C1-6 alkyl)2 also has relatively simple structure, and is available as a commercially available compound or can be easily synthesized from a commercially available compound for a person skilled in the art.
- It mainly depends on the lipase to be used which of the 3'-phosphonate ester (I) or 2'-phosphonate ester (I') is obtained as a main product compound. For example, when the target compound is the 3'-phosphonate ester (I), a lipase which can selectively esterify the 2'-hydroxy group is used. As such a lipase, lipases derived from Candida Cyclindracea (Candida rugosa), porcine pancreas, Pseudomonas cepacia, Mucor miehei and Thermomyces lanuginosus may be used. When the target compound is the 2'-phosphonate ester (I'), a lipase which can selectively esterify the 3'-hydroxy group is used. As such a lipase, for example, Lipase PS Amano SD may be used. However, since the selectivity of a lipase may be possibly changed in a combination of the solvent or the compound (III) in some cases, it is preferred that the enzyme to be used is practically determined by preparatory experiment.
- The solvent used in the above reaction may be appropriately selected, and the solvent used in the above step (1) can be similarly used in the present step.
- The concentration of H-phosphonate-esterified 5'-protected ribonucleoside (II) solution may be appropriately adjusted, and for example, may be not less than about 20 mg/mL and not more than about 500 mg/mL.
- The use amount of the substrate compound (III) may be appropriately adjusted, and for example, excessive amount of the substrate compound relative to the H-phosphonate-esterified 5'-protected ribonucleoside (II) may be used. Specifically, not less than about 2 times by mole and not more than about 100 times by mole of the substrate compound relative to the ribonucleoside (II) may be used. In addition, the substrate compound (III) may be used as a solvent.
- The use amount of the lipase may be appropriately adjusted, and for example, may be not less than about 0.001 g/mL and not more than about 1 g/mL relative to the solution containing the 5'-protected ribonucleoside (II) and the substrate compound (III).
- The temperature of the reaction may be appropriately adjusted depending on the lipase to be used or the like, and for example, may be not less than about 25°C and not more than about 80°C. The reaction time may be also appropriately adjusted. For example, the reaction may be continued till it is confirmed by thin layer chromatography that the raw material compound is completely used, or the reaction time may be determined by preparatory experiment. Specifically, the reaction time may be not less than about 2 hours and not more than about 240 hours.
- Even if any kind of lipase is used, it may be impossible that only one regioisomer is generated and the other regioisomer is not generated at all. Even if there is a difference in degree, a mixture of the 3'-phosphonate ester (I) and 2'-phosphonate ester (I') may be obtained. However, the selectivity can be improved by adjusting the kind of the substrate compound (III), the solvent, the temperature or the like in addition to the lipase. Such preferred condition may be determined by preparatory experiment or the like.
- After the reaction is completed, a general posttreatment may be carried out. For example, after the reaction mixture is concentrated after the reaction, the target compound may be purified. The 3'-phosphonate ester (I) and 2'-phosphonate ester (I') can be separated by chromatography.
- The 3'-phosphonate ester (I) or salt thereof, which can be produced by the present invention method, is useful as a monomer for RNA synthesis.
- The 2'-phosphonate ester (I') or salt thereof, which can be produced by the present invention method, is useful as a raw material compound for 2-5A, which is used for an Interferon therapy system, in addition to a monomer for RNA synthesis.
- When RNA is synthesized using the monomer for RNA synthesis or the salt thereof according to the present invention, the reaction proceeds even if approximately stoichiometric amount of the monomer is used; on the other hand, according to conventional technologies, a much excess amount of monomer should be used. In addition, the monomer for RNA synthesis itself can be produced at low cost. It is therefore possible by using the monomer for RNA synthesis according to the present invention to produce RNA at low cost.
- Furthermore, the monomer for RNA synthesis according to the present invention has an appropriate solubility in a solvent, the H-phosphonate part is stabilized, exhibits stability to various counter ions and the reactivity thereof is possibly improved due to the alkanoyl group at the 2'-position or 3'-position.
- The counter cation which constitutes the salt of the monomer for RNA synthesis according to the present invention is not particularly restricted, and is exemplified by an alkali metal ion such as lithium ion, sodium ion and potassium ion; an alkaline earth metal ion such as calcium ion and magnesium ion; a transition metal ion such as silver ion; ammonium ion; a primary ammonium ion such as methylammonium ion and ethylammonium ion; a secondary ammonium ion such as diethylammonium ion, diisopropylammonium ion and guanidinium ion; a tertiary ammonium ion such as triethylammonium ion, tributylammonium ion, N,N-diisopropylethylammonium ion, trishydroxyethylammonium ion and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undece-7-ene ion; a quaternary ammonium ion such as tetrabutylammonium ion and tetramethylammonium ion; an aromatic ammonium ion such as pyridinium ion and imidazolium ion; a phosphazenium ion such as t-butylimino-tris(dimethylamino)phosphorane ion.
- Hereinafter, the method for producing RNA according to the present invention is described in the order of the implementation. The method for producing the 3'-phosphonate ester type RNA is representatively described below. However, the 2'-phosphonate ester type RNA and a mixture thereof can be similarly produced depending on the raw material compound to be used.
-
- In the condensation step of the present invention, a liquid phase synthesis is carried out, and a solid phase synthesis, which is conventionally used as a main means, is not carried out. Therefore, X is a soluble polymer.
- Generally, such a soluble polymer is not particularly restricted as long as the polymer exhibits sufficient solubility to water and a water-soluble organic solvent and has large molecular weight enough to be readily separated from the raw material compound. According to the present invention, the soluble polymer used is polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of not less than 1,000 and not more than 50,000. In the end of the above "X", a part of a dicarboxylic acid for bonding the soluble polymer as described below may be included.
- For example, the compound (VI) can be synthesized by esterifying a nucleoside at the 2'-position or 3'-position using dicarboxylic anhydride, esterifying the nucleoside at the other position using the compound (III), i.e. R2C(=O)OR3, and then reacting the carboxy group of the dicarboxylic acid with the soluble polymer. Such a dicarboxylic anhydride to be used is exemplified by malonic anhydride, succinic anhydride, glutaric anhydride, adipic anhydride, pimelic anhydride, suberic anhydride, azelaic anhydride and sebacic anhydride. In the above reaction formula, the compound (VI) and the compound (VII) are representatively described. However, the substituents at the 2'-position and 3'-position of the terminal ribose can be interchanged with one another, since both of the 2'-position and 3'-position are finally deprotected. In addition, the substituents at the 2'-position and 3'-position of each ribose unit may be also interchanged with one another. It is however preferred that any of the substituents at the 2'-position and 3'-position are common in ribose units other than the terminal ribose, which is substituted by the soluble polymer.
- In the supported RNAs (VI) and (VII), the base portions may be the same as or different from one another.
- The "n" is an integer, and the upper limit thereof is not particularly limited and exemplified by 500, 300, 200, 100, 80, 50, 40 and 30. In fact, the present inventor experimentally produced henicosamer, of which "n" = 20, and a polymer of which polymerization number is more than 20 can be also obviously produced.
- In general, a monomer for RNA synthesis has been conventionally used in excessive amount relative to a supported DNA. On the other hand, in the method for producing RNA according to the present invention, even when a use amount of the monomer for RNA synthesis is almost stoichiometry, the reaction can proceed. Specifically, a ratio of the monomer (I) for RNA synthesis relative to the supported RNA (VI) may be not less than about 0.9 times by mole and not more than about 1.2 times by mole. The ratio is preferably not less than 0.95 times by mole, more preferably not less than 1.0 time by mole, and preferably not more than 1.15 times by mole, more preferably not more than 1.1 times by mole, even more preferably not more than 1.05 times by mole.
- The solvent used in the present step is not restricted as long as the solvent can appropriately dissolve the above raw material compounds and does not inhibit the reaction. The solvent is exemplified by a nitrile solvent such as acetonitrile; an ether solvent such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran; a pyridine solvent such as pyridine, methylpyridine and dimethylpyridine; an amide solvent such as dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide; a halogenated hydrocarbon solvent such as methylene chloride. The solvent is preferably a nitrile solvent and a halogenated hydrocarbon solvent, and more preferably acetonitrile and methylene chloride.
- As the reaction condition, a general condensation condition for RNA synthesis can be employed. For example, a condensation promoter and an organic base are added to a solution containing the monomer (I) for RNA synthesis and supported RNA (VI). Such a condensation promoter is exemplified by ethyl chloroformate, isobutyl chloroformate, pivaloyl chloride, 2,4,6-trichlorobenzoyl, trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride and trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride. Such an organic base is exemplified by triethylamine, dimethylisopropylamine, dimethylethylamine, pyridine and dimethylpyridine. The condensation promoter may be used in an excessive amount relative to the monomer (I) for RNA synthesis and supported RNA (VI), and specifically not less than about 1.5 times by mole and not more than 5 times by mole of the condensation promoter may be used. The organic base may be used in the same mole as the condensation promoter.
- The temperature of the reaction may be appropriately adjusted, and may be ambient temperature. Specifically, the temperature may be not less than 10°C and not more than 50°C. The reaction time may be also appropriately adjusted. For example, the reaction may be continued till it is confirmed that one of the raw material compounds is completely used, or the reaction time may be determined by preparatory experiment. For example, the reaction time may be not less than about 5 minutes and not more than about 5 hours.
- After the reaction, the target compound may be purified by a method depending on the used soluble polymer or the like. Alternatively, the reaction mixture may be directly used in the next step.
-
- In the above reaction formula, the substituents at the 2'-position and 3'-position of each ribose unit can be also interchanged with one another. However, it is preferred that any of the substituents at the 2'-position and 3'-position of the ribose units other than the terminal ribose, which is substituted by the soluble polymer, are common.
- The present step can be carried out in accordance with an oxidation condition of a general RNA production method. For example, a solution containing iodine and an organic base may be added to a solution of the supported RNA (VII) . Iodine may be used in an excessive amount relative to the supported RNA (VII), and for example, not less than 5 times by mole and not more than 20 times by mole of iodine may be specifically used. The organic base may be used in the same mole as iodine. The oxidation reaction similarly proceeds by the combination of bis(trimethylsilyl)peroxide and trimethylsilyl triflate or by using butanone peroxide or t-butyl hydroperoxide under a basic condition. Alternatively, the supported RNA (VII) can be converted to a thioate type phosphate ester by using a sulfur-transferring agent under a basic condition. Such a sulfur-transferring agent is exemplified by Beaucage reagent, dithiothiuram disulphide, bis[(3-triethoxysilyl)propyl]tetrasulfide and propylene sulfide. The above embodiments are included in the range of the preset invention.
- The temperature of the reaction may be appropriately adjusted, and may be ordinary temperature. Specifically, the temperature may be not less than 10°C and not more than 50°C. The reaction time may be also appropriately adjusted. For example, the reaction may be continued till it is confirmed that the supported RNA (VII) is completely used, or the reaction time may be determined by preparatory experiment. For example, the reaction time may be not less than about 5 minutes and not more than about 5 hours.
- After the reaction, the target compound may be purified by a method which is suitable for the used soluble polymer. Alternatively, the reaction mixture may be directly used in the next step.
- Next, R1 is removed to deprotect the 5'-position. In both of the following reaction formula and the above reaction formula, the substituents at the 2'-position and 3'-position of each ribose unit can be also interchanged with one another. However, it is preferred that any of the substituents at the 2'-position and 3'-position of the ribose units other than the terminal ribose, which is substituted by the soluble polymer, are common.
- The present step is carried out in accordance with R1. Specifically, when R1 is a silyl protective group, such a silyl protective group can be easily removed by a fluoride ion or an acidic condition. In any case, an alkaline condition, which may cause a side reaction, is not necessary.
- The temperature of the reaction may be appropriately adjusted, and may be ambient temperature. Specifically, the temperature may be not less than 10°C and not more than 50°C. The reaction time may be also appropriately adjusted. For example, the reaction may be continued till it is confirmed that the supported RNA (VIII) is completely used, or the reaction time may be determined by preparatory experiment. For example, the reaction time may be not less than about 5 minutes and not more than about 5 hours.
- After the reaction, the supported RNA (IX) as the target compound is preferably purified. The purification may be carried out by a method depending on the used soluble polymer. Specifically, the supported RNA (IX) may be purified by size exclusion chromatography, diafiltration, electrodialysis, isoelectric focusing electrophoresis, hydrophobic chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography and the like. The supported RNA (IX) may be also purified by an ordinary chromatography such as reverse phase chromatography.
- The RNA chain can be elongated by using the obtained supported. RNA (IX) as the supported RNA (VI) in the above step (4) and repeating the above steps (4) to (6).
- The compound (VIII), the compound (IX) and the salt thereof, in other words, the compound (XI) and the salt thereof are useful as a synthetic intermediate of RNA. The "m" of the compound (XI) has the same meaning as the "n" except when the "m" is 0. The counter ion which constitutes the salt of the compound (XI) may be the same as the counter ion of the salt of the monomer for RNA synthesis according to the present invention. The compound which obtained by removing the soluble polymer of the compound (XI) or the salt thereof at the 2'-position or 3'-position to be a hydroxy group is also useful as a synthetic intermediate compound.
-
- Since the 2'-position and 3' -position of the supported RNA (IX) are protected by an alkanoyl group or bound by the soluble polymer through an ester bond, the RNA (X) can be obtained by hydrolysis. The condition of the hydrolysis can be determined depending on the R2C(=O)- group and the like.
- However, the RNA chain may be possibly broken under an ordinary hydrolysis condition. Therefore, in the present invention, it is preferred to use an ester hydrolase. Such an ester hydrolase is exemplified by a lipase and an esterase. When a lipase or an esterase is used, an alcohol organic solvent or a mixed solvent of water and an alcohol organic solvent may be used. A side reaction such as a cleaving reaction of RNA chain can be inhibited by using such solvents, which is not water. The ratio of an alcohol organic solvent of the mixed solvent of water and an alcohol organic solvent is preferably not less than 50 vol%, more preferably not less than 60 vol%, even more preferably not less than 70 vol%, and particularly preferably not less than 80 vol%. As the alcohol organic solvent, C1-4 alcohol may be used, and C1-2 alcohol is preferred.
- The lipase to be used, reaction condition or the like may be the same as those of the above step (3). In addition, the purification after the reaction can be carried out similarly to the above step (6). The esterase is exemplified by those derived from hog kidney and Rhodosporium toruloides.
- The present application claims the benefit of the priority date of Japanese patent application No.
2012-164985 filed on July 25, 2012 - Hereinafter, the examples are described to demonstrate the present invention more specifically, but the present invention is in no way restricted by the examples, and the examples can be appropriately modified to be carried out within a range which adapts to the contents of this specification. Such a modified example is also included in the range of the present invention.
- To an anhydrous pyridine solution (200 mL) of each four ribonucleoside (100 mmol), an anhydrous pyridine solution (100 mL) of t-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (14.3 g, 95 mmol) was slowly added at 0°C using a cannula. The temperature of the obtained reaction mixture was raised to room temperature, and then the mixture was stirred for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated using an evaporator, and the obtained concentrate was dissolved or suspended in methylene chloride (200 mL). The obtained solution or suspension was added dropwise to stirred distilled water (500 mL). The organic layer was separated, dried using sodium sulfate, and concentrated using an evaporator to obtain crude product material. The crude product material was subjected to recrystallization using distilled water - methanol for purification. The obtained crystal was washed using acetonitrile or acetone to obtain the 5'-O-TBDMS derivatives as the target compounds (yield: 83 to 88%).
- To an anhydrous pyridine solution (400 mL) of adenosine (100 mmol), an anhydrous pyridine solution (100 mL) of t-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (14.3 g, 95 mmol) was slowly added at 0°C using a cannula. The temperature of the obtained reaction mixture was raised to room temperature, and then the mixture was stirred for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated using an evaporator, and the obtained concentrate was dissolved in methylene chloride (200 mL). The obtained solution was added dropwise to stirred distilled water (500 mL). The organic layer was separated and concentrated using an evaporator to obtain crude product material. The crude product material was subjected to recrystallization using acetonitrile for purification. The obtained crystal was washed using acetonitrile to obtain the 5'-O-TBDMS derivative as the target compound (yield: 85%).
- To an anhydrous pyridine solution (400 mL) of cytidine (100 mmol), an anhydrous pyridine solution (100 mL) of t-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (14.3 g, 95 mmol) was slowly added at 0°C using a cannula. The temperature of the obtained reaction mixture was raised to room temperature, and then the mixture was stirred for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated using an evaporator, and the obtained concentrate was dissolved or suspended in methylene chloride (200 mL). The obtained solution or suspension was added dropwise to stirred distilled water (500 mL). After the organic layer was separated, a crude product material was obtained as crystal by adding ethyl acetate thereto. Further, the crystal was subjected to recrystallization using ethyl acetate - methylene chloride to obtain the 5'-O-TBDMS derivative as the target compound (yield: 88%).
- To an anhydrous pyridine solution (200 mL) of uridine (100 mmol), an anhydrous pyridine solution (100 mL) of t-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (14.3 g, 95 mmol) was slowly added at 0°C using a cannula. The temperature of the obtained reaction mixture was raised to room temperature, and then the mixture was stirred for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated using an evaporator, and the obtained concentrate was dissolved in methylene chloride (200 mL) . The obtained solution was added dropwise to stirred distilled water (500 mL). The organic layer was separated and concentrated using an evaporator to obtain crude product material. The crude product material was subjected to purification using a preparative chromatograph apparatus ("YFLC AI-580" manufactured by Yamazen Corp.), a High-Flash 40 µm size 4L column and methylene chloride - methanol as an eluent to obtain the 5'-O-TBDMS derivative as the target compound (yield: 83%).
- To a methylene chloride suspension (200 mL) of guanosine (100 mmol), dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal (500 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hours. The reaction mixture was filtrated. The obtained solid was dried and then, dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (200 mL). To the solution, an anhydrous pyridine solution (100 mL) of t-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (14.3 g, 95 mmol) was slowly added at 0°C using a cannula. The temperature of the obtained reaction mixture was raised to room temperature, and then the mixture was stirred for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated using an evaporator, and the obtained concentrate was dissolved in methylene chloride (200 mL) . The obtained solution was added dropwise to stirred distilled water (500 mL). The organic layer was separated and concentrated using an evaporator to obtain crude product material. The crude product material was subjected to recrystallization using acetonitrile for purification to obtain the 5'-O-TBDMS derivative as the target compound (yield: 83-88%).
- To an anhydrous pyridine solution (160 mL) of four 5'-O-TBDMS-ribonucleosides obtained as the above (80 mmol), 1,2,4-triazole (16.6 g, 240 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (35.6 mL, 240 mmol), distilled phosphorus trichloride (7.0 mL, 80 mmol) was slowly added at -78°C using a cannula. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was added dropwise to 5% aqueous solution of sodium hydrogencarbonate (200 mL) cooled at 0°C. The mixture was stirred for 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was encapsulated in a dialysis membrane of which exclusion limit molecular weight was 100 ("Cellulose Ester (CE) Dialysis Membranes " manufactured by Spectrum, Ltd.), and dialysis was carried out using methanol for 15 hours to exchange the impurity derived from a reaction reagent with the solvent. The obtained solution was concentrated to obtain a crude product material. The crude product material was subjected to chromatography in the following condition to obtain the phosphonate ester mixture as the target compound (yield: 65-77%).
-
- Column carrier: ODS silica carrier (60 µm)
- Apparatus: reversed phase preparative chromatograph apparatus ("Purif-compact" manufactured by Shoko Scientific Co, Ltd.)
- Eluent: 0 to 50% acetonitrile aqueous solution
- To a methylene chloride solution (200 mL) of imidazole (49 g, 720 mmol), distilled phosphorus trichloride (10 mL, 120 mmol) was slowly added dropwise at -50°C. To the solution, an anhydrous pyridine solution (200 mL) of 5'-O-TBDMS-adenosine (29.9 mmol, 60 mmol) was slowly added dropwise using a cannula. The temperature of the mixture was raised to 0°C over 30 minutes or more, and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. To the reaction mixture, 28% ammonia water (100 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The obtained solution was concentrated to obtain crude product material. The crude product material was subjected to purification using a preparative chromatograph apparatus ("YFLC AI-580" manufactured by Yamazen Corp.), a High-Flash 40 µm size 4L column and methylene chloride - methanol as an eluent to obtain the phosphate ester mixture as the target compound (yield: 77%).
- To a methylene chloride solution (100 mL) of imidazole (25 g, 360 mmol), distilled phosphorus trichloride (5.0 mL, 60 mmol) was slowly added dropwise at -50°C. To the solution, an anhydrous pyridine solution (100 mL) of 5'-O-TBDMS-cytidine (10.8 g, 60 mmol) was slowly added dropwise using a cannula. The temperature of the mixture was raised to 0°C over 30 minutes or more, and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. To the reaction mixture, 28% ammonia water (100 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The obtained solution was concentrated to obtain crude product material. The crude product material was subjected to purification using a preparative chromatograph apparatus ("YFLC AI-580" manufactured by Yamazen Corp.), a High-Flash 40 µm size 4L column and methylene chloride - methanol as an eluent to obtain the phosphate ester mixture as the target compound (yield: 75%).
- To a methylene chloride solution (100 mL) of imidazole (25 g, 360 mmol), distilled phosphorus trichloride (5.0 mL, 60 mmol) was slowly added dropwise at -50°C. To the solution, an anhydrous pyridine solution (100 mL) of 5'-O-TBDMS-uridine (10.8 g, 30 mmol) was slowly added dropwise using a cannula. The temperature of the mixture was raised to 0°C over 30 minutes or more, and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. To the reaction mixture, 28% ammonia water (100 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The obtained solution was concentrated to obtain crude product material. The crude product material was subjected to purification using a preparative chromatograph apparatus ("YFLC AI-580" manufactured by Yamazen Corp.), a High-Flash 40 µm size 4L column and methylene chloride - methanol as an eluent to obtain the phosphate ester mixture as the target compound (yield: 75%).
- To a methylene chloride solution (100 mL) of imidazole (25 g, 360 mmol), distilled phosphorus trichloride (5.0 mL, 60 mmol) was slowly added dropwise at -50°C. To the solution, an anhydrous pyridine solution (100 mL) of 5'-O-TBDMS-guanosine (13.6 g, 30 mmol) was slowly added dropwise using a cannula. The temperature of the mixture was raised to 0°C over 30 minutes or more, and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. To the reaction mixture, 28% ammonia water (100 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The obtained solution was concentrated to obtain crude product material. The crude product material was subjected to purification using a preparative chromatograph apparatus ("PrifCompact" manufactured by Shoko Scientific Co, Ltd.), PrifPack ODS 30 µm size 200 column and methylene chloride - methanol as an eluent to obtain the phosphate ester mixture as the target compound (yield: 75%).
- To an anhydrous DMF solution (250 mL) of each four 5'-O-TBDMS-ribonucleoside H-phosphonate ester mixture (50 mmol) obtained in the above (2), vinyl acetate (23.4 mL, 250 mmol) and lipase derived from Candida Cyclindracea (Candida rugosa) (1.0 g) were added. The mixture was stirred at 55°C for 24 hours. The lipase was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated using an evaporator to obtain crude product material. The obtained crude product material was subjected to chromatography in the same condition as the above (2) except for using 5 to 25% acetonitrile aqueous solution as an eluent to obtain the 3'-H-phosphonate ester as the target compound (yield: 55 to 81%).
- To a t-butanol solution (125 mL) of 5'-O-TBDMS-adenosine H-phosphonate ester (17 g, 25 mmol) obtained in the above (2), acetic anhydride (7.1 mL, 75 mmol) and lipase derived from porcine pancreas (1.0 g) were added. The mixture was stirred at 37°C for 8 hours. The lipase was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated using an evaporator to obtain crude product material. The obtained crude product material was subjected to purification using a preparative chromatograph apparatus ("PrifCompact" manufactured by Shoko Scientific Co, Ltd.), PrifPack ODS 30 µm size 200 column and deaerated water - methanol as an eluent to obtain the 3'-H-phosphonate ester as the target compound (13.2 g, yield: 76%).
1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) : δ8.74(1H, s), 8.51(1H, s), 8.11-8.17 (2H, br S), 6.93 (1H, d, J = 588 Hz), 6.58-6.71 (1H, m), 6.17-6.24 (1H, m), 5.09-5.47 (1H, m), 4.42-4.55 (5H, m), 3.49-3.66 (2H, m), 2.36 (3H, s), 0.82(9H, s), 0.02(3H, s), -0.06(3H, s)
31P NMR (202.5 MHz, CD3OD) : δ2.0
ESI-TOF MS: calcd for C18H29N5O7 PSi, [MH]- m/z: 486.16, Found m/z: 486.36 - The obtained target compound was analyzed by HPLC under the following condition using a reverse phase column. The obtained HPLC chart is shown as
Figure 1 . -
- High-pressure gradient unit: "HG-980-31" manufactured by Jasco Corp.
- Pump: "PU-980" manufactured by Jasco Corp.
- Sampling Unit: "AS-2057plus" manufactured by Jasco Corp.
- UV-VIS detector: "UV-970" manufactured by Jasco Corp.
- Column oven: "860-CO" manufactured by Jasco Corp.
- Column: "5C18 COSMOSIL-AR-II 4.6 × 250 mm" manufactured by Nacalai Tesque Inc.
- Eluent: 0.1 M TEAA buffer (pH 7.0) / CH3CN aq (The ratio of CH3CN aq was increased from 2% to 60% over 30 minutes.)
- Elution rate: 0.5 mL/min
- Analysis temperature: 40°C
- Detection wavelength: 260 nm
- As shown in
Figure 1 , it was demonstrated that the 2'-position can be acetylated with high stereoselectivity by acetylation using an enzyme. - To a t-butanol solution (25 mL) of 5'-O-TBDMS-cytidine H-phosphonate ester (6.6 g, 10 mmol) obtained in the above (2), acetic anhydride (2.8 mL, 30 mmol) and lipase derived from porcine pancreas (0.4 g) were added. The mixture was stirred at 37°C for 24 hours. The lipase was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated using an evaporator to obtain crude product material. The obtained crude product material was subjected to purification using a preparative chromatograph apparatus ("PrifCompact" manufactured by Shoko Scientific Co, Ltd.), PrifPack ODS 30 µm size 200 column and deaerated water - methanol as an eluent to obtain the 3'-H-phosphonate ester as the target compound (5.54 g, yield: 80%).
1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) : 7.95-8.20 (2H, br S), δ7.73 (1H, d, J=17.3), 6.63 (1H, d, J=593Hz), 6.32-6.65 (1H, m), 6.05-6.37 (1H, m), 5.94 (1H, d, J=17.3), 5.09-5.40 (2H, m), 4.18-4.63 (5H, m), 3.63-3.72(2H, m), 2.45(3H, s), 0.81(9H, s), 0.04(3H, s), -0.02(3H, s)
31P NMR (202.5 MHz, CD3OD) : δ2.2
ESI-TOF MS: calcd for C17H29N3O8 PSi, [MH]- m/z: 462.15, Found m/z: 462.23 - To a t-butanol solution (25 mL) of 5'-O-TBDMS-uridine H-phosphonate ester (6.6 g, 10 mmol) obtained in the above (2), acetic anhydride (2.8 mL, 30 mmol) and lipase derived from porcine pancreas (0.4 g) were added. The mixture was stirred at 37°C for 24 hours. The lipase was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated using an evaporator to obtain crude product material. The obtained crude product material was subjected to purification using a preparative chromatograph apparatus ("PrifCompact" manufactured by Shoko Scientific Co, Ltd.), PrifPack ODS 30 µm size 200 column and deaerated water - methanol as an eluent to obtain the 3'-H-phosphonate ester nucleoside monomer as the target compound (5.61 g, yield: 81%).
1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) : δ7.88 (1H, d, J=17.2), 6.63 (1H, d, J=579Hz), 6.21-6.59 (1H, m), 5.58-6.07 (1H, m), 5.79 (1H, d, J=17.3), 4.99-5.28 (2H, m), 4.10-4.73 (5H, m), 3.73-3.88 (2H, m), 2.27 (3H, s), 0.82(9H, s), 0.01(3H, s), -0.06(3H, s)
31P NMR (202.5 MHz, CD3OD) : δ2.1
ESI-TOF MS: calcd for C17H28N2O9 PSi, [MH]- m/z: 463.13, Found m/z: 463.51 - The obtained target compound was analyzed by HPLC in the same condition as the above Example 1(3-2). The obtained HPLC chart is shown as
Figure 2 . As shown inFigure 2 , it was also demonstrated in the case of uridine that the 2'-position can be acetylated with high stereoselectivity by acetylation using an enzyme. - To a t-butanol solution (25 mL) of 5'-O-TBDMS-guanosine H-phosphonate ester (7.03 g, 10 mmol) obtained in the above (2), acetic anhydride (2.8 mL, 30 mmol) and lipase derived from porcine pancreas (0.4 g) were added. The mixture was stirred at 37°C for 24 hours. The lipase was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated using an evaporator to obtain crude product material. The obtained crude product material was subjected to purification using a preparative chromatograph apparatus ("PrifCompact" manufactured by Shoko Scientific Co, Ltd.), PrifPack ODS 30 µm size 200 column and deaerated water - methanol as an eluent to obtain the 3'-H-phosphonate ester nucleoside monomer as the target compound (4.8 g, yield: 55%).
1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-D6): δ10.46-10.64 (1H, br s), 8.07 (1H, s), 7.23-7.56(2H, br S), 6.54 (1H, d, J=592Hz), 5.28-6.59(3H, m), 4.45-4.98(5H, m), 3.63-3.79(2H, m), 2.34(3H, s), 0.77(9H, s), -0.03(3H, s), -0.12(3H, s)
31P NMR (202.5 MHz, DMSO-D6): δ1.7
ESI-TOF MS: calcd for C18H29N5O7 PSi, [MH]- m/z: 502.51, Found m/z: 502.77 - To an anhydrous pyridine solution (250 mL) of each four 5'-O-TBDMS-ribonucleoside H-phosphonate ester mixture (50 mmol) obtained in the above Example 1(2), vinyl acetate (23.4 mL, 250 mmol) and lipase derived from porcine pancreas (2.0 g) were added. The mixture was stirred at 55°C for 24 hours . The lipase was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated using an evaporator to obtain crude product material. The obtained crude product material was subjected to the chromatography in the same condition as the above Example 1(3) to obtain the 2'-H-phosphonate ester monomer as the target compound (yield: 52 to 80%).
- To an anhydrous DMF solution (25 mL) of 5'-O-TBDMS-adenosine 2'-H-phosphonate ester mixture (6.7 g, 10 mmol) obtained in the above Example 1(2), acetic anhydride (2.8 mL, 30 mmol) and lipase PS AmanoSD (0.4 g) were added. The mixture was stirred at 37°C for 8 hours. The lipase was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated using an evaporator to obtain crude product material. The obtained crude product material was subjected to purification using a preparative chromatograph apparatus ("PrifCompact" manufactured by Shoko Scientific Co, Ltd.), PrifPack ODS 30 µm size 200 column and deaerated water - methanol as an eluent to obtain the 2'-H-phosphonate ester monomer as the target compound (5.35 g, yield: 80%).
1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) : δ8.72 (1H, s), 8.48 (1H, s), 8.03-12 (2H, br S), 6.58 (1H, d, J=573Hz), 6.62-6.73 (1H, m), 5.57-6.19(2H, m), 4.68-5.01(4H, m), 3.49-3.66(2H, m), 2.41(3H, s), 0.81(9H, s), 0.03(3H, s), -0.05(3H, s)
31P NMR (202.5 MHz, CD3OD) : δ2.4
ESI-TOF MS: calcd for C18H29N5O7 PSi, [MH]- m/z: 486.16, Found m/z: E486.41 - The obtained target compound was analyzed by HPLC in the same condition as the above Example 1 (3-2). The obtained HPLC chart is shown as
Figure 2 . As shown inFigure 2 , it was also demonstrated that the 3'-position can be also acetylated with high stereoselectivity by acetylation using an enzyme. - In addition to the above, various conditions of lipase reaction were studied. The results are summarized in Table 1 and Table 2.
[Table 1] Nucleoside Lipase Reactive substrate Solvent Reaction temperature Reaction time Regioselectivity (2' : 3') Yield (%) adenosine lipase Type II derived from porcine pancreas AcOCH=CH2 pyridine 60°C, 24h >99.5 : 0.5 67-78 lipase Type II derived from porcine pancreas AcOC(CH3)=CH2 pyridine 60°C, 24h >99.5 : 0.5 58-70 lipase Type II derived from porcine pancreas Ac2O t-butanol, 37°C, 8h >99.5 : 0.5 78-87 derived from Candida Cyclindracea AcOCH=CH2 DMF 55°C, 24h 98 : 2 45-76 derived from Candida Cyclindracea Ac2O t-butanol 37°C, 8h 92 : 8 83 derived from Mucor Miehei Ac2O t-butanol 37°C, 8h 95 : 5 78 derived from Thermomyces lanuginosus Ac2O t-butanol 37°C, 8h >99.5 : 0.5 66 lipase PS Amano SD AcOCH=CH2 pyridine 60°C, 24h 7 : 93 52-80 lipase PS Amano SD Ac2O t-butanol 37°C, 8h 8 : 92 77-85 [Table 2] Nucleoside Lipase Reactive substrate Solvent Reaction temperature Reaction time Regioselectivity (2' : 3') Yield (%) cytidine lipase Type II derived from porcine pancreas AcOCH=CH2 pyridine 60°C, 24h 93 : 7 67-80 lipase Type II derived from porcine pancreas Ac2O t-butanol 37°C, 8h 95 : 5 80-85 uridine lipase Type II derived from porcine pancreas AcOCH=CH2 pyridine 60°C, 24h >99.5 : 0.5 76-81 lipase Type II derived from porcine pancreas Ac2O t-butanol 37°C, 8h >99.5 : 0.5 87 guanosine lipase Type II derived from porcine pancreas AcOCH=CH2 pyridine 60°C, 24h 92 : 8 47-55 lipase Type II derived from porcine pancreas Ac2O t-butanol 37°C, 8h 95 : 5 76 - To an anhydrous pyridine solution (10 mL) of 5'-O-TBDMS-uridine (1.08 g, 3.0 mmol), tartaric anhydride (300 mg, 3.0 mmol) was added at 0°C. The mixture was stirred for 1 hour. Acetic anhydride (570 µL, 6.0 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture. The mixture was stirred at 0°C for 30 minutes. Methanol was added to the reaction mixture. The obtained solution was concentrated to obtain crude product material. The obtained crude product material was subjected to purification using a preparative chromatograph apparatus ("PrifCompact" manufactured by Shoko Scientific Co, Ltd.), a column for separation and purification ("PrifPack ODS 30 µm size 60" manufactured by Shoko Scientific Co, Ltd.) and deaerated water - methanol as an eluent to obtain the mixture of 5'-O-TBDMS-uridine acetyl-tartarate ester as the target compound (1.2 g, yield: 73%) .
- To an anhydrous acetonitrile solution (10 mL) of 5'-O-TBDMS-uridine acetyl-tartarate ester mixture (1.1 g, 2.0 mmol) obtained in the above (1) and monomethoxypolyethylene glycol (average molecular weight: 5000, 5.0 g, 1.0 mmol), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (810 mg, 6.0 mmol) and N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide (0.93 mL, 6.0 mmol) were added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. A THF solution of TBAF (1.0 M, 4.0 mL, 4.0 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture. After the mixture was stirred at room temperature, the mixture was subjected to purification using CellfineGH-25 (50 mL, eluent: methanol) to obtain uridine supported on polyethylene glycol (1.0 g, yield: 95%).
- To an acetonitrile solution (4.0 mL) of uridine supported on polyethylene glycol (1.0 g, 1.9 mmol) obtained in the above (2) and 2'-O-acetyl-5'-O-TBDMS-adenosine 3'-H-phosphonate ester monomer (2.0 mmol) obtained in the above Example 1(3-2), pivalyl chloride (490 µL, 4.0 mmol) and triethylamine (560 µL, 4.0 mmol) were added. The mixture was stirred for 1 hour while the consumption of the monomer was observed using YMC PakDiol 60 (eluent: 0.1M NaCl) .
- To the above reaction mixture, 20 mM iodine water / pyridine / THF solution (1.0 mL, 20 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes.
- A THF solution of TBAF (1.0 M, 4.0 mL, 4.0 mmol) was added to the above reaction mixture. The mixture was stirred for 1 hour. Then, purification was carried out using Cellfine GH-25 (50 mL).
- The above supported RNA dimer was dissolved in methanol (125 mL), and lipase derived from Thermomyces lanuginosus (5.0 mL) was added thereto. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 hours. The lipase was removed by filtration. The filtrate was freeze-dried, and then subjected to purification using a preparative chromatograph apparatus ("PrifCompact" manufactured by Shoko Scientific Co, Ltd.), YMC ODSpack 25 µm 200 column, and autoclaved and deaerated water - methanol as an eluent to obtain the RNA dimer as the target compound (1.5 g). The total yield which was calculated on the presumption that the obtained RNA dimer was a tetrabutylammonium salt was 95%. The analysis result of the obtained RNA dimer is shown as follows.
ESI-TOF MS: calcd for C19H23N7O12P, [M-H]- m/z: 572.11, Found m/z: 572.23 - In addition, the obtained solution was analyzed by HPLC in the same condition as the above Example 1 (3-2) . The obtained HPLC chart is shown as
Figure 3 . As shown inFigure 3 , it was demonstrated that the purity of the RNA dimer obtained by the present invention method was high. - The processes of the above (3) to (5) were repeated in the same condition as the above Example 3 to synthesize the compound which was a protected RNA henicosamer having the sequence of 5'-rGCA UUU UUA UUU UUU UUU UUU-3' and which was supported on polyethylene glycol.
- The above supported RNA henicosamer was dissolved in methanol (125mL), and lipase derived from Thermomyces lanuginosus (5.0 mL) was added thereto. The mixture was stirred for 48 hours at room temperature. The lipase was removed by filtration. The filtrate was freeze-dried and subjected to purification using a preparative chromatograph apparatus ("PrifCompact" manufactured by Shoko Scientific Co, Ltd.), YMC ODSpack 25 µm 200 column, and autoclaved and deaerated 20 mM ammonium - acetonitrile as an eluent to obtain the RNA henicosamer as the target compound (OD260: 22500, total yield: 23%).
- The obtained RNA henicosamer was analyzed by HPLC in the same condition as the above Example 1 (3-2) except for using the following eluent.
- Eluent: 0.1 M TEAA buffer (pH 7.0) / CH3CN aq (The ratio of CH3CN aq was increased from 40% to 60% over 30 minutes.)
- The obtained HPLC chart is shown as
Figure 4 . - It was confirmed by the HPLC chart that the purity of the obtained RNA was 99% or more.
- As described above, according to the present invention method, even when the monomer for RNA synthesis is used in approximately stoichiometric amount relative to the supported RNA, RNA henicosamer could be produced in total yield of 23% which was sufficiently high as that by general liquid phase method.
- In addition, a lipase could be used in the last deprotection reaction in methanol as an organic solvent. Therefore, a side reaction such as RNA-strand breakage due to RNase could be prevented in the last step.
Claims (13)
- A monomer for RNA synthesis or a salt thereof, represented by the following formula (I):B is selected from adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil, hypoxanthine and xanthine;R1 is a silyl protective group selected from trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, triisopropylsilyl, dimethylisopropylsilyl, diethylisopropylsilyl, dimethylthexylsilyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl, t-butyldiphenylsilyl, tribenzylsilyl, tri-p-xylylsilyl, triphenylsilyl, diphenylmethylsilyl and t-butylmethoxyphenylsilyl; andR2 is a C1-4 alkyl group, a C2-4 alkenyl group or a C1-4 halogenated alkyl group.
- A monomer for RNA synthesis or a salt thereof, represented by the following formula (I'):B is selected from adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil, hypoxanthine and xanthine;R1 is a silyl protective group selected from trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, triisopropylsilyl, dimethylisopropylsilyl, diethylisopropylsilyl, dimethylthexylsilyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl, t-butyldiphenylsilyl, tribenzylsilyl, tri-p-xylylsilyl, triphenylsilyl, diphenylmethylsilyl and t-butylmethoxyphenylsilyl; andR2 is a C1-4 alkyl group, a C2-4 alkenyl group or a C1-4 halogenated alkyl group.
- The monomer for RNA synthesis or a salt thereof according to claim 1 or 2, wherein B is adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil, hypoxanthine and xanthine and is not protected.
- Use of the monomer for RNA synthesis or a salt thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 3, for liquid phase synthesis of RNA.
- A method for producing a monomer for RNA synthesis, wherein the monomer for RNA synthesis is a 3'-H-phosphonate ester represented by the following formula (I), a 2'-H-phosphonate ester represented by the following formula (I'), or a salt thereof:B is selected from adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil, hypoxanthine and xanthine;R1 is a silyl protective group selected from trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, triisopropylsilyl, dimethylisopropylsilyl, diethylisopropylsilyl, dimethylthexylsilyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl, t-butyldiphenylsilyl, tribenzylsilyl, tri-p-xylylsilyl, triphenylsilyl, diphenylmethylsilyl and t-butylmethoxyphenylsilyl; andR2 is a C1-4 alkyl group, a C2-4 alkenyl group or a C1-4 halogenated alkyl group;comprising the step of selectively esterifying a 2'-hydroxy group or 3'-hydroxy group of a H-phosphonate-esterified 5'-protected ribonucleoside (II) by reacting the H-phosphonate-esterified 5'-protected ribonucleoside (II) with a compound (III) in the presence of a lipase:
R2C(=O)OR3 ··· (III)
wherein R2 has the same meaning as the above; R3 is -H, a C1-6 alkyl group, a C2-6 alkenyl group, -C(=O)R2 or -N=C(C1-6 alkyl)2: - The method according to claim 5, further comprising the step of obtaining the H-phosphonate-esterified 5'-protected ribonucleoside (II) by treating a 5'-protected ribonucleoside (IV) with a phosphorus trihalide to H-phosphonate-esterify the 2'-hydroxy group or 3'-hydroxy group:
- A method for producing RNA, comprising the steps of condensating a monomer for RNA synthesis represented by the following formula (I), (I'), or a salt thereof:B is selected from adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil, hypoxanthine and xanthine;R1 is a silyl protective group selected from trimethyl-silyl, triethylsilyl, triisopropylsilyl, dimethylisopropylsilyl, diethylisopropylsilyl, dimethylthexylsilyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl, t-butyldiphenylsilyl, tribenzylsilyl, tri-p-xylylsilyl, triphenylsilyl, diphenylmethylsilyl and t-butylmethoxyphenylsilyl; andR2 is a C1-4 alkyl group, a C2-4 alkenyl group or a C1-4 halogenated alkyl group;and an immobilized RNA represented by the following formula (VI) :B and R2 have the same meaning as the above;X is polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of not less than 1,000 and not more than 50,000;n is an integer;provided that when n = 0, the phosphodiester group is a hydroxyl group;and the substituent groups at the 2'-position and 3'-position may be interchanged with one another in each ribose unit;oxidizing the phosphite diester group; andremoving the R1.
- The method according to claim 8, wherein B is adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil, hypoxanthine and xanthine and is not protected.
- The method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the condensation step is carried out by liquid phase synthesis.
- The method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, further comprising the step of removing the R2-(C=O)- group at the 2'-position and the X-(C=O)- group at the 3'-position by a lipase or an esterase.
- The method according to claim 11, wherein the step of removing the R2-(C=O)- group at the 2'-position and the X-(C=O)- group at the 3'-position is carried out in a solvent containing a C1-6 alcohol.
- A RNA oligomer represented by the following formula (XI) or a salt thereof:B is selected from adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil, hypoxanthine and xanthine;R2 is a C1-4 alkyl group, a C2-4 alkenyl group or a C1-4 halogenated alkyl group;R4 is a hydrogen atom; or a silyl protective group selected from trimethyl-silyl, triethylsilyl, triisopropylsilyl, dimethylisopropylsilyl, diethylisopropylsilyl, dimethylthexylsilyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl, t-butyldiphenylsilyl, tribenzylsilyl, tri-p-xylylsilyl, triphenylsilyl, diphenylmethylsilyl and t-butylmethoxyphenylsilyl;X is polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of not less than 1,000 and not more than 50,000;m is an integer of 1 or more;provided that the substituent groups at the 2'-position and 3'-position may be interchanged with one another in each ribose unit.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2012164985 | 2012-07-25 | ||
PCT/JP2013/070247 WO2014017615A1 (en) | 2012-07-25 | 2013-07-25 | Monomer for synthesis of rna, method for producing same, and method for producing rna |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2878604A1 EP2878604A1 (en) | 2015-06-03 |
EP2878604A4 EP2878604A4 (en) | 2016-03-16 |
EP2878604B1 true EP2878604B1 (en) | 2018-08-29 |
Family
ID=49997420
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13823570.0A Active EP2878604B1 (en) | 2012-07-25 | 2013-07-25 | Monomer for synthesis of rna, method for producing same, and method for producing rna |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9303056B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2878604B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5757641B2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014017615A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3378869A4 (en) | 2015-11-17 | 2019-09-18 | Nissan Chemical Corporation | Method for producing oligonucleotide |
CN109641931B (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2022-10-18 | 基因设计有限公司 | Method for synthesizing ribonucleic acid H-phosphate monomer and oligonucleotide synthesis using the same |
US11034664B1 (en) | 2020-05-11 | 2021-06-15 | International Business Machines Corporation | Synthesis of cyclic carbonate monomers |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6677120B2 (en) * | 2001-03-30 | 2004-01-13 | Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Building blocks for the solution phase synthesis of oligonucleotides |
JP2006077013A (en) | 2004-09-08 | 2006-03-23 | Tokyo Institute Of Technology | Compound having new protective group for hydroxy group useful for rna synthesis |
FR2927901B1 (en) | 2008-02-21 | 2010-09-03 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF NUCLEOTIDES AND ANALOGUES SUCH AS SYNTHESIS ON SOLUBLE CARRIER AND PREPARED BIOLOGICAL TOOLS |
FR2931824B1 (en) | 2008-05-29 | 2014-11-28 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | PROCESS FOR RNA SYNTHESIS THROUGH CHEMICAL. |
WO2011030353A2 (en) * | 2009-09-08 | 2011-03-17 | University Of Delhi | Regioselective acylation of nucleosides |
-
2013
- 2013-07-25 EP EP13823570.0A patent/EP2878604B1/en active Active
- 2013-07-25 WO PCT/JP2013/070247 patent/WO2014017615A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-07-25 US US14/417,244 patent/US9303056B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-07-25 JP JP2014527019A patent/JP5757641B2/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP5757641B2 (en) | 2015-07-29 |
US9303056B2 (en) | 2016-04-05 |
JPWO2014017615A1 (en) | 2016-07-11 |
EP2878604A4 (en) | 2016-03-16 |
EP2878604A1 (en) | 2015-06-03 |
US20150210731A1 (en) | 2015-07-30 |
WO2014017615A1 (en) | 2014-01-30 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
AU651289B2 (en) | Process of linking nucleosides with a siloxane bridge | |
JP5685526B2 (en) | Method for producing nucleoside | |
EP3172218B1 (en) | Process for the preparation of gemcitabine-[phenyl(benzoxy-l-alaninyl)] phosphate | |
AU2005328519B2 (en) | Intermediate and process for preparing of beta- anomer enriched 21deoxy, 21 ,21-difluoro-D-ribofuranosyl nucleosides | |
EP4039690A1 (en) | A substantially diastereomerically pure phosphoramidochloridate, a method and a pharmaceutical composition | |
WO2005005450A1 (en) | Method of synthesizing cyclic bisdinucleoside | |
EP2878604B1 (en) | Monomer for synthesis of rna, method for producing same, and method for producing rna | |
EP0977769B1 (en) | A process for the synthesis of modified p-chiral nucleotide analogues | |
JP4802712B2 (en) | Solution phase synthesis of ribonucleic acid compounds and oligonucleic acid compounds | |
KR100699099B1 (en) | 1-?-halo-2,2-difluoro-2-deoxy-d-ribofuranose derivatives and process for the preparation thereof | |
CA2798163A1 (en) | Inosine derivatives and production methods therefor | |
WO2001058920A2 (en) | Process for selectively producing 1-phosphorylated sugar derivative anomer and process for producing nucleoside | |
CA2574954C (en) | 1-.alpha.-halo-2,2-difluoro-2-deoxy-d-ribofuranose derivatives and process for the preparation thereof | |
EP1186612B1 (en) | Process for the preparation of cytidine derivatives | |
US9920319B2 (en) | 2′/3′/5′-(R/S)-serinyl functionalized oligonucleotides | |
US7381820B2 (en) | α-1-phosphorylated-2-deoxy-2-fluoroarabinoside and process for producing 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro-β-d-arabinonucleoside | |
EP4349846A1 (en) | Chimeric nucleic acid oligomer including phosphorothioate and boranophosphate, and method for producing same | |
US20230124641A1 (en) | Cross-linked nucleoside and nucleotide using same | |
JP2019119739A (en) | Method for producing nucleoside derivative | |
Blain et al. | Chapter Four: Synthesis and non-enzymatic polymerization of 2о-NH2-TNA | |
EP1654270A1 (en) | Process for preparing 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxynucleosides and 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20150122 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: BA ME |
|
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Ipc: C07H 21/02 20060101ALI20151117BHEP Ipc: C07H 19/06 20060101ALI20151117BHEP Ipc: C07H 19/10 20060101ALI20151117BHEP Ipc: C07H 19/20 20060101ALI20151117BHEP Ipc: C12P 19/44 20060101ALI20151117BHEP Ipc: C07H 19/16 20060101ALI20151117BHEP Ipc: C07H 1/00 20060101AFI20151117BHEP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R079 Ref document number: 602013042878 Country of ref document: DE Free format text: PREVIOUS MAIN CLASS: C07H0019100000 Ipc: C07H0001000000 |
|
RA4 | Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched (corrected) |
Effective date: 20160216 |
|
RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Ipc: C07H 19/20 20060101ALI20160210BHEP Ipc: C07H 19/10 20060101ALI20160210BHEP Ipc: C07H 21/02 20060101ALI20160210BHEP Ipc: C07H 19/06 20060101ALI20160210BHEP Ipc: C07H 1/00 20060101AFI20160210BHEP Ipc: C07H 19/16 20060101ALI20160210BHEP Ipc: C12P 19/44 20060101ALI20160210BHEP |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20170420 |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED |
|
INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20180420 |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: REF Ref document number: 1034996 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20180915 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R096 Ref document number: 602013042878 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: MP Effective date: 20180829 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: LT Ref legal event code: MG4D |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180829 Ref country code: BG Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20181129 Ref country code: RS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180829 Ref country code: LT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180829 Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180829 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180829 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20181130 Ref country code: IS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20181229 Ref country code: NO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20181129 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: MK05 Ref document number: 1034996 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20180829 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LV Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180829 Ref country code: HR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180829 Ref country code: AL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180829 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: RO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180829 Ref country code: CZ Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180829 Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180829 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180829 Ref country code: EE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180829 Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180829 Ref country code: PL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180829 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180829 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180829 Ref country code: SM Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180829 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R097 Ref document number: 602013042878 Country of ref document: DE |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20190531 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180829 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180829 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: TR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180829 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: BE Ref legal event code: MM Effective date: 20190731 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20190731 Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20190725 Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20190731 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20190731 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20181229 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20190725 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180829 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180829 Ref country code: HU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO Effective date: 20130725 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180829 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20230718 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20230718 Year of fee payment: 11 Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20230718 Year of fee payment: 11 |