Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
  • C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
  • C04B18/06—Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
  • C04B18/02—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
  • C04B18/02—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
  • C04B18/021—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates agglomerated by a mineral binder, e.g. cement
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
  • C04B18/02—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
  • C04B18/023—Fired or melted materials
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
  • C04B20/02—Treatment
  • C04B20/023—Chemical treatment
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
  • C04B20/02—Treatment
  • C04B20/026—Comminuting, e.g. by grinding or breaking; Defibrillating fibres other than asbestos
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
  • C04B20/10—Coating or impregnating
  • C04B20/1055—Coating or impregnating with inorganic materials
  • C04B20/1077—Cements, e.g. waterglass
  • C04B20/1085—Waterglass
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
  • C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
  • C04B26/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
  • C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
  • C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
  • C04B40/0042—Powdery mixtures
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/30—Sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/32—Phosphorus-containing compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
  • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

• the present invention relates in general terms to a composition having a particle size comprised from 10 ⁇ X to 30 ⁇ , comprising bottom ash produced from the incineration of waste, in a mixture with an alkaline or an alkaline earth silicate, and at least an alkaline or an alkaline earth sulphide and/or phosphate, and the use thereof as a filler for plastic material.
• Waste treatment is a complex process that includes a number of stages and procedures aimed at assuring that the waste has a minimal impact on the environment.
• waste management involves the collection, transport, treatment and also reuse of the waste materials in an attempt to reduce the effect thereof on human health and the environment.
• thermal waste treatment processes undoubtedly represents the most widely used technique, which can be carried out, for example, in incinerators and waste-to-energy plants.
• incinerators used to reduce the volume of waste and recover part of the thermal energy thereof produce residual material of combustion (generally called bottom slag) in an amount that may vary between 20% and 30% relative to the weight of the incinerated material.
• Said slag can generally be classified into “bottom slag” and "fly slag”.
• Bottom slag appears as a solid residual mass which mainly comprises: silicon, calcium, sodium, aluminium and iron oxides, as well as magnesium and potassium oxides.
• heavy metals and organic compounds such as lignin, amino acids, carbohydrates and/or compounds deriving from the thermal decomposition of organic materials, such as aliphatic and aromatic acids, styrene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chloroorganics and the like.
• bottom slag can contain approximately the following components :
• the above-described residual material is collected at the bottom of the combustion chamber of an incinerator and cooled, for example using tanks, and then transported by means of chain conveyors.
• the material obtained is subsequently picked up and since it is classified as special waste its disposal must take place in specific landfills for special waste.
• the residual material of combustion can be further treated by means of processing which can comprise: sieving steps, for an initial selection of the materials based on their particle size; steps of extracting metals such as: iron (for example with electromagnets), aluminium and steel; and also steps of extracting other materials that may still be present, such as, for example, glass, ceramics, silicates and the like.
• bottom ash which appears as a solid material with a morphology similar to that of a common ash or powder having a particle size that can vary from one micron to as much as one centimetre.
• the bottom ash can still contain traces of metals or compounds of another nature (such as chlorides, for example) , which make the reuse of the ash problematic without further inertization treatments.
• metals or compounds of another nature such as chlorides, for example
• bottom slag residual material of combustion
• USW urban solid waste
• the present composition when used as a filler for plastic material, the resulting material exhibits excellent physic-mechanical characteristics, which render the present composition a valid alternative to the fillers commonly used in the production of plastic material, e.g. calcium carbonate or talc.
• the invention relates to a composition having a particle size comprised from ⁇ to 30 ⁇ (microns) and comprising:
• a stabilizing additive comprising: an alkaline or an alkaline earth silicate, and at least an alkaline or an alkaline earth sulphide and/or phosphate,
• said stabilizing additive is present in an amount of at least 2% by weight.
• the present invention relates to a process for preparing the above-described composition, said process comprising:
• a stabilizing additive comprising: an alkaline or an alkaline earth silicate, and at least an alkaline or an alkaline earth sulphide and/or phosphate;
• said process relates to the preparation of a composition
• a composition comprising at least an alkaline or an alkaline earth silicate, an alkaline or an alkaline earth sulphide and phosphate.
• a further aspect of the invention consists in the use of the present composition, preferably comprising at least an alkaline or an alkaline earth silicate, an alkaline or an alkaline earth sulphide and phosphate, as a filler for polymeric plastic material.
• the invention relates to a plastic material comprising at least one polymeric component in a mixture with the present composition, the latter preferably comprising at least an alkaline or an alkaline earth silicate, an alkaline or an alkaline earth sulphide and an alkaline or an alkaline earth phosphate.
• the term "percentage by weight” of a component means the amount of the single component relative to the total weight of the composition.
• alkaline or alkaline earth silicate, sulphide and phosphate mean a salt formed from the silicate anion (i.e. S1O 3 ), or sulphide anion (S ) or phosphate anion (P0 4 ) , or acid phosphate (HPO 4 " ) , or also dihydrogen phosphate (H 2 PO 4 ) , with a metal of the group I or II of the periodic table, such as, for example: sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, barium and strontium.
• Bottom ash means the solid residual, typically having a morphology similar to a powder or ash, obtained by treating the residual material of combustion (bottom slag), deriving from the incineration of solid waste. Typically, said treatment comprises steps of sieving, removing metals such as iron, aluminium and steel and removing other materials such as ceramics and glass. At the end of such treatment a granular material is obtained, with particles of variable size, comprised from 0.1 mm to 10 mm, known to the person skilled in the art as bottom ash .
• plastic material is meant to indicate artificial materials with a macromolecular structure which under given temperature and pressure conditions undergo permanent changes in form. They may be divided into thermoplastics, thermosetting plastics and elastomers, and are generally obtained by polymerization of a quantity of base molecules (monomers) . Examples of plastic materials are: polyethylene (PE) , polypropylene (PP), polyvinylchloride (PVC) , nylon, teflon, plexiglas and the like.
• the stabilizing additive of the present composition comprises an alkaline or an alkaline earth silicate selected from: sodium silicate, potassium silicate, calcium silicate and magnesium silicate, sodium silicate (Na 2 Si0 3 , CAS No. 6834-92-0) being particularly preferred.
• the stabilizing additive comprises at least an alkaline or an alkaline earth sulphide and/or phosphate.
• the composition comprises at least a sulphide in a mixture with an alkaline or an alkaline earth phosphate.
• examples of preferred sulphides and phosphates are salts of: calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium and, even more preferably, sodium or calcium.
• the stabilizing additive of the invention comprises: an alkaline or an alkaline earth silicate, preferably of sodium (Na 2 SiC>3) , and at least one calcium or sodium sulphide and phosphate, possibly in a mixture with an acid phosphate, preferably of sodium or calcium.
• the alkaline or alkaline earth sulphide and/or phosphate can be present in an amount comprised from 1% to 10% relative to the amount of alkaline or alkaline earth silicate used.
• the percentage of stabilizing additive present in a mixture with the bottom ash of the composition of the invention is equal to at least 2% of the total weight of the composition, preferably in a percentage amount by weight of up to 20%, preferably comprised from 5% to 10%, even more preferably comprised from 2% to 5%. It has been noted, in fact, that amounts exceeding 20% can result in an undesirable increase in the costs of preparing the composition, whereas percentages below 2% could lead to a stabilizing effect on the ash that is too low for it to be used for example, in the preparation of a plastic material for common use, such as for bottles or containers in general.
• the stabilizing additive comprising silicate and at least one sulphide and/or phosphate as described above can be previously prepared and added to the bottom ash, or else it can be prepared in situ, i.e. by mixing all of the components of the present composition together in a single step.
• the bottom ash of the present invention can derive from the combustion residue obtained from the incineration of urban solid waste (USW) , or from the non-degradable fraction of separately collected waste (SCW) or also from the incineration of industrial waste, such as sludge, or it can also derive from the residue originating from the combustion of waste in waste-to-energy plants in general or the combustion residue from thermoelectric plants.
• the bottom ash of the present composition is obtained from the combustion residue (bottom slag) obtained from the incineration of urban solid waste (USW) .
• the composition of the invention can optionally also comprise further components, such as, for example: surfactants, dyes and fluidifying agents, typically according to the use for which the composition is intended.
• said further components are preferably used in a percentage comprised from 5 to 20% by weight, preferably comprised from 10 to 15% by weight.
• the invention relates to a process for preparing the composition of the invention, said process comprising mixing and grinding, preferably dry grinding, the bottom ash, having a particle size comprised from 0.1 mm to 10 mm, preferably comprised from 0.1 mm to 6 mm, with at least 2% of a stabilizing additive comprising an alkaline or an alkaline earth silicate, and at least an alkaline or an alkaline earth sulphide and/or phosphate, possibly in the presence of further components as indicated above.
• a stabilizing additive comprising an alkaline or an alkaline earth silicate, and at least an alkaline or an alkaline earth sulphide and/or phosphate, possibly in the presence of further components as indicated above.
• the mixing takes place between a stabilizing additive comprising an alkaline or an alkaline earth silicate, and at least a sulphide in a mixture with an alkaline or an alkaline earth phosphate, as described above in detail.
• a stabilizing additive comprising an alkaline or an alkaline earth silicate, and at least a sulphide in a mixture with an alkaline or an alkaline earth phosphate, as described above in detail.
• the bottom ash is mixed with at least 2% of the stabilizing additive, let to stand, and then ground so as to obtain the composition of the invention with a defined particle size comprised from 10 ⁇ X to 30 ⁇ .
• Mixing can take place using a low-cost dynamic mixer of the paddle or ploughshare type, easily applicable on an industrial scale.
• the mixing of the bottom ash and stabilizing additive is followed by a step in which the composition thus obtained is let to stand.
• Said step which preferably takes place after mixing and before grinding, can be carried out by leaving the composition at a temperature comprised from about 15 to about 40° C, typically for a period of several days, preferably comprised from 5 to 10 days, in order to enable a complete interaction between the stabilizing additive and the bottom ash, intimately mixed with each other. In this manner it is possible to ensure a practically complete stabilization and inertization of the bottom ash.
• the composition of the invention undergoes grinding in order to obtain a product with a defined particle size, particularly useful, for example, as a filler for plastic material.
• the bottom ash can be mixed together with at least 2% of the stabilizing additive, and ground to obtain the composition of the invention with a particle size (understood as the average diameter of the particles making up the solid composition of the invention) comprised from ⁇ to 30 ⁇ .
• the present composition is obtained by mixing with the selected stabilizing additive, the latter being added in the form of an aqueous solution.
• the stabilizing additive can be conveniently obtained by preparing an aqueous solution of an alkaline or an alkaline earth silicate and adding to it the selected sulphide and/or phosphate, preferably a mixture of alkaline or alkaline earth sulphide and phosphate.
• the aqueous solution of silicate preferably sodium silicate
• the sulphide and the phosphate both preferably of sodium or calcium, are added to said aqueous solution in an amount comprised from 1 to 10%, preferably comprised from 1 to 4%.
• the aqueous solution comprising the above-described additive is then mixed with the bottom ash, preferably using a dynamic mixer of the paddle or ploughshare type, and then ground so as to obtain the present composition having a defined particle size. Grinding can take place using machinery known in the art, such as, for example, presses, mills or the like, preferably using a horizontal axis tubular mill.
• the composition of the invention After grinding one obtains the composition of the invention with the desired particle size comprised from ⁇ to 30 ⁇ , stabilized by the additive, which is practically incorporated and absorbed by the initial bottom ash.
• the ground composition is thus ready for use as a filler for plastic material, or also to be stored if necessary.
• the present composition can be conveniently stored or conveyed without any particular precautions or environmental risks.
• a plastic material comprising the composition of the invention is characterized by high mechanical strength, excellent elongation at break and notch toughness, comparable and in some cases even superior to those of a corresponding plastic material (e.g. polypropylene PP) containing calcium carbonate as a filler.
• a plastic material e.g. polypropylene PP
• the present invention relates to the use of the present composition for the preparation of a plastic material, and to a plastic material comprising at least one polymeric component in a mixture with the present composition.
• the invention relates to the use and to a plastic material obtained using the composition of the invention comprising silicate and at least a sulphide in a mixture with an alkaline or an alkaline earth phosphate, according to each of the embodiments defined above.
• particle sizes of the present composition exceeding 30 ⁇ X result in final plastic materials that are poorly reproducible on an industrial scale and have physic-mechanical characteristics that are of little value or convenience, compared to plastic materials to which traditional fillers have been added.
• Said mixture preferably contains at least 30% by weight of the present composition, preferably at least 50%, even more preferably at least 65%.
• the plastic material of the present invention preferably for industrial use, is obtained by polymerization of a suitable monomer, using known techniques such as extrusion, casting, blowing, calendering and the like, and can be formed into various shapes and objects such as, for example: sheets, tubes, profiles, packaging, supports and containers in general.
• said plastic material comprises at least one polymeric component selected from among: polypropylene (PP) , polyvinylchloride (PVC) , polyethylene (PE) , polyethylene terephthalate (PET) , polyamide (PA) , polyester (PS), nylon and teflon.
• the plastic material that is obtained using the present composition as a filler exhibits optimal physic-mechanical characteristics in line with the quality standards demanded for a commonly used plastic material, while maintaining the process for the preparation thereof substantially unchanged.
• Leaching refers to a process consisting in the separation of one or more soluble components from a solid mass by water.
• Example la leach test on non-stabilized bottom ash.
• the non- stabilized bottom ash shows values of components in the eluate which do not comply with the limits imposed by current laws and regulations.
• Example lb water leach test of the bottom ash stabilized according to the present invention
• a sample of 100 g of bottom ash was mixed in a dynamic paddle mixer with an aqueous solution containing 30% of sodium silicate, to which sodium sulphide and sodium acid phosphate were added (2% by weight) .
• composition After mixing, the composition was let to stand at room temperature for 8 days. After that period had elapsed, the composition underwent dry grinding in a horizontal axis tubular mill so as to obtain the composition of the invention with a particle size of 10 ⁇ X .
• Table lb The results are shown in Table lb.
• Table lb water leach test of a sample of ash stabilized according to the present invention
• composition of the invention complies with the required limits set by laws and regulations and can thus be considered inert and reusable in the production cycle, for example as a filler for plastic material.
• Example 2 physic-mechanical tests on a plastic material (PP) to which calcium carbonate (30%) has been added, compared to the plastic material to which the composition of the invention (30%) has been added.
• MFI indicates the Melt Flow Index, which is known in the art as the basic quality control tool and indicates the weight of a melted polymer flowing through a standard nozzle (2.095 x 8mm) at a given temperature and with a standard weight applied to the piston which pushes the samp1e .
• Elongation at break is a measure of the ductility of a material obtained in a tensile test. The greater the elongation, the greater the ductility.
• Modulus of elasticity in bending it is the ratio of maximum fibre stress to maximum strain, within the elastic limit of the stress-strain curve obtained in the bending test .
• Notched Izod impact strength it is a standard method for determining the notch toughness of a material.
• Table 2a plastic material (polypropylene) containing calcium carbonate.
• the polypropylene material containing the present composition exhibits higher elongation at break, greater robustness (corresponding to a lower modulus of elasticity in bending) and higher notch toughness (indicated by Izod impact strength) than the same plastic material containing the same amount of calcium carbonate.
• Example 3 comparative tests on PE, PP and PVC based plastic material containing talc, CaC0 3 and the composition of the invention (Cinderlite) as fillers.
• composition of the invention comprising 2% of an additive containing sodium silicate in a mixture with sodium sulphide and phosphate and having a particle size of around 11 microns.
• the plastic material was stabilized with 20% by weight of stabilizer (talc, calcium carbonate and the present composition) .
• PVC-TPV AM 22 polyvinylchloride
• Example 3 (i) mechanical tensile testing with dynamometer (UNI EN ISO 527) .
• test specimens for carrying out the tensile test have the typical "dog bone” shape. They have geometrical and dimensional characteristics as required by the standard and shown in Table 3 and were produced by injection moulding .
• Table 3 geometrical characteristics of tensile test specimens as required by the standard
• the test was carried out with a traction speed of lmm/min and with an initial stress (pre-loading) of 0.20MPa. The test specimen was subjected to stress until reaching deformation values of 1.5%. For the purpose of determining the deformation at break, the test was carried out with a traction speed of 50mm/min and with an initial stress of 0.50MPa. The tests were all conducted under the same conditions of temperature, around 23° C, and under the same conditions of relative humidity, i.e. 50%.
• Table 5 tensile modulus - PP-based specimen.
• Example 3 (ii) mechanical bending test.
• Bending tests were performed on 5 test specimens per sample. The test was conducted applying a beam lowering speed of 2mm/min and a distance between supports of 51.2 mm. The result (bending modulus) is the average of 5 tests and is shown in tables 7, 8 and 9 below.
• Table 8 bending modulus of PP.
• the Izod impact test was performed by releasing a pendulum from a given height and making it strike the test specimen of the material so as to break it.
• the test specimen a vertical cantilevered beam, is broken by a single strike of the pendulum with the line of impact at a preset distance from the point where the test specimen is fixed and - in the case of notched test specimens - from the central notch line.
• test specimens used have a width of 10mm, thickness of 4 mm and length of 80 mm.
• the Izod impact tests were conducted according to standard ASTMD256 at 23° C, with a pendulum energy of 2.75J for PE and 1J for PP and PVC. The test was conducted on 6-7 test specimens per mixture and the total impact energy values are shown in tables 10-12 below.
• Table 10 absorbed energy for PE samples, using the pendulum of 2.75J.
• Table 11 absorbed energy for PVC samples, using the pendulum of 1J.
• Table 12 absorbed energy for PP samples, using the pendulum of 1J.
• Example 4 determination of test specimen density.
• the density of the solids was determined using a hydrostatic balance.
• the plastic material stabilized with the composition of the invention was obtained in a manner that is substantially analogous to what takes place in the industrial preparation of a polymeric material stabilized with talc or calcium carbonate,
• the tensile mechanical properties of the polymeric material containing the present composition are comparable to or even better than those of the material containing the other fillers.
• the composition of the invention stands between the materials stabilized with talc and those stabilized with carbonate,
• the bending modulus of the mixtures containing the present composition is comparable to or better than the bending modulus of the mixtures containing calcium carbonate
• the polymeric material comprising the composition of the invention is comparable to or better than the materials stabilized with talc,
• the densities are very similar to those obtained with calcium carbonate.

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