EP2872841B1 - Procédé et appareil pour la séparation d'un flux contenant du dioxyde de carbone, de l'eau et au moins une impureté légère comprenant une étape de séparation à température sub-ambiante - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil pour la séparation d'un flux contenant du dioxyde de carbone, de l'eau et au moins une impureté légère comprenant une étape de séparation à température sub-ambiante Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2872841B1
EP2872841B1 EP13736558.1A EP13736558A EP2872841B1 EP 2872841 B1 EP2872841 B1 EP 2872841B1 EP 13736558 A EP13736558 A EP 13736558A EP 2872841 B1 EP2872841 B1 EP 2872841B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
permeate
permeation unit
stream
unit
carbon dioxide
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2872841A1 (fr
Inventor
Arthur Darde
Richard Dubettier-Grenier
David J. Hasse
Sudhir S. Kulkarni
Mathieu LECLERC
Paul Terrien
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Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
    • B01D53/229—Integrated processes (Diffusion and at least one other process, e.g. adsorption, absorption)
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/002—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by condensation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
    • B01D53/261—Drying gases or vapours by adsorption
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/04—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material using washing fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
    • F25J3/0223—H2/CO mixtures, i.e. synthesis gas; Water gas or shifted synthesis gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0266—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
    • F25J3/0605—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the feed stream
    • F25J3/0625—H2/CO mixtures, i.e. synthesis gas; Water gas or shifted synthesis gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
    • F25J3/063—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/067—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream separation of carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
    • F28C3/00—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus
    • F28C3/06—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus the heat-exchange media being a liquid and a gas or vapour
    • F28C3/08—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus the heat-exchange media being a liquid and a gas or vapour with change of state, e.g. absorption, evaporation, condensation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/22—Carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
    • B01D2259/40001—Methods relating to additional, e.g. intermediate, treatment of process gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
    • B01D2259/40083—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption
    • B01D2259/40086—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption by using a purge gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/50—Carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
    • F23J2219/40—Sorption with wet devices, e.g. scrubbers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/02—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a single pressure main column system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/40—Features relating to the provision of boil-up in the bottom of a column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/70—Refluxing the column with a condensed part of the feed stream, i.e. fractionator top is stripped or self-rectified
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/02—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
    • F25J2205/04—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum in the feed line, i.e. upstream of the fractionation step
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/40—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using hybrid system, i.e. combining cryogenic and non-cryogenic separation techniques
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/60—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using adsorption on solid adsorbents, e.g. by temperature-swing adsorption [TSA] at the hot or cold end
    • F25J2205/66—Regenerating the adsorption vessel, e.g. kind of reactivation gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/60—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using adsorption on solid adsorbents, e.g. by temperature-swing adsorption [TSA] at the hot or cold end
    • F25J2205/66—Regenerating the adsorption vessel, e.g. kind of reactivation gas
    • F25J2205/70—Heating the adsorption vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/80—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using membrane, i.e. including a permeation step
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/04—Mixing or blending of fluids with the feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/70—Flue or combustion exhaust gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/80—Separating impurities from carbon dioxide, e.g. H2O or water-soluble contaminants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/80—Separating impurities from carbon dioxide, e.g. H2O or water-soluble contaminants
    • F25J2220/82—Separating low boiling, i.e. more volatile components, e.g. He, H2, CO, Air gases, CH4
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process and an apparatus for the separation of a stream containing carbon dioxide, water and at least one light impurity including a separation step at subambient temperature.
  • Oxycombustion flue gases are generally purified using a separation step at subambient temperature to produce pure CO 2 . Upstream of the separation step the flue gas is purified by adsorption to remove water.
  • the adsorption unit typically comprises two beds which operate according to a cycle, the cycles being timed so that the flue gas can be purified at all times. It is necessary to regenerate the adsorption unit by sending a dry gas through the bed to eliminate the accumulated humidity.
  • the dried flue gas is sent from the adsorption unit to the separation unit to be separated by subambient temperature distillation using at least one phase separator and/or a distillation column.
  • Non condensable gases are removed from the separation unit and still contain a significant portion of CO 2 .
  • CO 2 can be recovered from these non-condensable gases via a permeation device, an adsorption device (Pressure Swing Adsorption or Vacuum Pressure Swing Adsorption).
  • the dried flue gas typically contains at least 65% carbon dioxide or even at least 70% carbon dioxide and at least 1% oxygen. A maximum percentage for the carbon dioxide content could be 95%.
  • WO-A-2007/126972 describes a process in which the regeneration gas is formed by condensing the gas from the phase separator and then vaporizing the liquid formed. This is of course not efficient from a thermodynamic point of view.
  • One optional advantage of the present invention is that it valorizes the permeate pressure by recycling the permeate into the feed gas compressor at an inter-stage thereof, thus improving the energy efficiency of the system.
  • the drying stage may be placed downstream of the third or the fourth stage of compression.
  • a mixture of carbon dioxide, nitrogen and oxygen containing between 65 and 95% mol. carbon dioxide is separated in a filter F to remove particles and then compressed as stream 3 in compressor stage C1 and then cooled in cooler R1 to form stream 5.
  • Stream 5 is further compressed in compressor stage C2, cooled in cooler R2, compressed in compressor stage C3 and cooler in cooler R3 to form stream 7.
  • Stream 7 is purified in adsorber A2 to remove any remaining humidity and then further compressed in compressor stage C4 and cooled in cooler R4.
  • the dried stream 11 cooled in R4 is cooled in heat exchanger 13 which is a brazed plate fin heat exchanger. This causes stream 11 to condense partially and the partially condensed stream is sent from the cold end of the heat exchanger 13 to phase separator 15.
  • the liquid 17 produced in the phase separator 15 is sent to the top of the column 31 after expansion in valve 29.
  • the liquid 17 is then separated to form a carbon dioxide rich liquid at the bottom of the column and a gas 33 enriched in light impurities at the top of the column.
  • the gas 33 is warmed in heat exchanger 13 and recycled downstream of the absorbent beds A1, A2 and upstream of compressor stage C4 as part of the feed stream 9.
  • the liquid 35 is divided in two.
  • One part 37 is vaporized in the heat exchanger 13.
  • the vaporized liquid is then divided in two, one part 39 being sent to the bottom of the column 31 and the rest 41 being sent to the inlet of a compressor stage C6.
  • Liquid 43 from the bottom of the column 31 is expanded in valve 36 and vaporized in the heat exchanger 13 at a lower pressure than stream 37 and sent to the inlet of a compressor stage C5, cooled by cooler R5, mixed with stream 41, compressed in compressor stage C6, compressed in compressor stage C7, cooled in cooler R7, compressed in compressor stage C8, cooler in cooler R8 and condensed in cooler R9 before being pressurized in pump P to form a pressurized liquid product stream.
  • the adsorbent beds A1, A2 are regenerated using gas 25 produced in membrane separator 21.
  • the gas19 from phase separator 15 is separated in the membrane separator 21, to produce a permeate stream 25 which is not warmed in exchanger 13 but is used to cool a stream in exchanger E1, warmed in exchanger E2 and then sent to adsorbent bed A1, A2, depending which bed is in service.
  • the gas used to regenerate the bed not in service is then sent to exchanger E3 and recycled into the feed stream 5 downstream of compressor stage C1.
  • the non-permeate 23 from membrane separator 21 is warmed and disposed of in the atmosphere.
  • FIG. 2 differs from that of Figure 1 in that two membrane separators 21, 22 are used in series.
  • Permeate stream 25 at 1.1 bar from membrane 21 is still used to regenerate the adsorbent beds but the non permeate 23 is further separated in further membrane separator 22 to form permeate 26 which is recycled at 2.5 bars downstream of cooler R1.
  • the regeneration gas is sent to exchanger E3 and then is sent to the boiler from which feed 1 originates.
  • the inlet temperature for the membrane separator 21, 22 varies between -60°C and -10°C.
  • the heat exchanger, phase separator, membrane unit 21 and the column 31 are located within an insulated enclosure (not shown), to maintain the temperature of operation at a subambient level.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Drying Of Gases (AREA)
  • Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Processus pour la séparation d'un flux contenant du dioxyde de carbone, de l'eau et au moins une impureté légère incluant une étape de séparation à température sous-ambiante, dans lequel :
    i) le flux (1, 3) est comprimé dans un compresseur (C1, C2, C3) comprenant au moins deux étages pour former un flux d'alimentation (7) et le flux d'alimentation contient au moins 65 % en mole de dioxyde de carbone
    ii) le flux d'alimentation (7) est purifié dans une unité d'adsorption (A1, A2) pour enlever l'eau et former un flux comprimé séché (9, 11),
    iii) le flux comprimé séché est refroidi à une température sous-ambiante et est séparé par condensation partielle dans un séparateur de phase (15) et par distillation dans un appareil de séparation (31),
    iv) le liquide enrichi en dioxyde de carbone (37, 43) est enlevé de l'appareil de séparation,
    v) l'unité d'adsorption est régénérée en utilisant un gaz de régénération (25, 53),
    vi) le gaz (19) provenant du séparateur de phase est séparé dans une unité de perméation (21), caractérisé en ce que le perméat (25) de l'unité de perméation constitue le gaz de régénération.
  2. Processus selon la revendication 1 dans lequel le non-perméat (23) de l'unité de perméation est réchauffé et enlevé.
  3. Processus selon la revendication 1 ou 2 dans lequel l'unité de perméation (21) a une température d'entrée entre -60 °C et -10 °C.
  4. Processus selon la revendication 2 ou 3 dans lequel le non-perméat (23) de l'unité de perméation est séparé en une unité de perméation supplémentaire (22), le perméat de l'unité de perméation supplémentaire étant envoyé en amont d'un étage (C2) du compresseur.
  5. Processus selon la revendication 4 dans lequel l'unité de perméation supplémentaire (22) a une température d'entrée entre -60 °C et -10 °C.
  6. Processus selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel le liquide enrichi en dioxyde de carbone (47, 43) se vaporise pour produire une réfrigération pour refroidir le flux comprimé séché (9, 11) ou le non-perméat (57) dérivé de ce dernier.
  7. Processus selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel le gaz de régénération (25, 57) est envoyé depuis l'unité d'adsorption jusqu'au compresseur en aval d'au moins un étage du compresseur.
  8. Processus selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel le perméat (25, 53) de l'unité de perméation a une pureté en dioxyde de carbone inférieure au gaz qui alimente l'unité de perméation.
  9. Appareil pour la séparation d'un flux contenant du dioxyde de carbone, de l'eau et au moins une impureté légère incluant un compresseur (C1, C2, C3) comprenant au moins deux étages pour comprimer le flux pour former le flux d'alimentation, une unité d'adsorption (A1, A2) pour purifier un flux d'alimentation pour enlever l'eau et former un flux séché, un échangeur de chaleur (13) pour refroidir le flux séché à une température sous-ambiante, un appareil de séparation (15, 31) comprenant un séparateur de phase (15) pour une séparation par condensation partielle et une colonne de distillation (31) pour une séparation par distillation, un conduit pour enlever le liquide enrichi en dioxyde de carbone (35) depuis l'appareil de séparation, un conduit pour envoyer du gaz de régénération (25) à l'unité d'adsorption et une unité de perméation (21) pour séparer le gaz provenant du séparateur de phase caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un conduit pour enlever un perméat de l'unité de perméation en tant que gaz de régénération.
  10. Appareil selon la revendication 9 comprenant un conduit pour envoyer le non-perméat (23) de l'unité de perméation (21) à l'échangeur de chaleur (13) pour être réchauffé.
  11. Appareil selon la revendication 9 ou 10 dans lequel l'unité de perméation (21) est située à l'intérieur ou à l'extérieur d'une enveloppe isolée.
  12. Appareil selon la revendication 9, 10 ou 11 comprenant une unité de perméation supplémentaire (22), un conduit pour envoyer le non-perméat (23) de l'unité de perméation (21) à séparer dans l'unité de perméation supplémentaire et un conduit pour envoyer le perméat (26) de l'unité de perméation supplémentaire en amont d'un étage du compresseur.
EP13736558.1A 2012-07-13 2013-07-11 Procédé et appareil pour la séparation d'un flux contenant du dioxyde de carbone, de l'eau et au moins une impureté légère comprenant une étape de séparation à température sub-ambiante Active EP2872841B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

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EP13736558.1A EP2872841B1 (fr) 2012-07-13 2013-07-11 Procédé et appareil pour la séparation d'un flux contenant du dioxyde de carbone, de l'eau et au moins une impureté légère comprenant une étape de séparation à température sub-ambiante

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12305846.3A EP2685190A1 (fr) 2012-07-13 2012-07-13 Procédé et appareil pour la séparation d'un flux contenant du dioxyde de carbone, de l'eau et au moins une impureté légère comprenant une étape de séparation à température sub-ambiante
EP13736558.1A EP2872841B1 (fr) 2012-07-13 2013-07-11 Procédé et appareil pour la séparation d'un flux contenant du dioxyde de carbone, de l'eau et au moins une impureté légère comprenant une étape de séparation à température sub-ambiante
PCT/EP2013/064644 WO2014009449A1 (fr) 2012-07-13 2013-07-11 Procédé et appareil permettant de séparer un flux contenant du dioxyde de carbone, de l'eau et au moins un type d'impuretés légères, et impliquant une étape de séparation à une température inférieure à la température ambiante

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EP2872841A1 EP2872841A1 (fr) 2015-05-20
EP2872841B1 true EP2872841B1 (fr) 2018-10-03

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EP12305846.3A Withdrawn EP2685190A1 (fr) 2012-07-13 2012-07-13 Procédé et appareil pour la séparation d'un flux contenant du dioxyde de carbone, de l'eau et au moins une impureté légère comprenant une étape de séparation à température sub-ambiante
EP13736558.1A Active EP2872841B1 (fr) 2012-07-13 2013-07-11 Procédé et appareil pour la séparation d'un flux contenant du dioxyde de carbone, de l'eau et au moins une impureté légère comprenant une étape de séparation à température sub-ambiante

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EP (2) EP2685190A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN104428614B (fr)
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CA (1) CA2875795C (fr)
WO (1) WO2014009449A1 (fr)

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US9452385B1 (en) 2015-03-04 2016-09-27 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Hybrid membrane and adsorption-based system and process for recovering CO2 from flue gas and using combustion air for adsorbent regeneration
CN105132062A (zh) * 2015-09-21 2015-12-09 七台河宝泰隆煤化工股份有限公司 一种沼气制备lng的方法
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FR3090832B1 (fr) 2018-12-19 2022-08-12 L´Air Liquide Sa Pour L’Etude Et L’Exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Procédé et appareil de séparation d’un courant d’alimentation comprenant au moins du CO2 ainsi qu’au moins un composé léger
US11292600B2 (en) 2019-08-26 2022-04-05 Honeywell International Inc. Aircraft cabin contaminant removal using liquid sorbent
CN110538480B (zh) * 2019-09-25 2024-09-17 上海电气集团股份有限公司 一种冷凝系统及冷凝方法
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US20150174523A1 (en) 2015-06-25
AU2013288758A1 (en) 2015-01-22
WO2014009449A1 (fr) 2014-01-16
AU2013288758B2 (en) 2018-02-15
CA2875795A1 (fr) 2014-01-16
WO2014009449A4 (fr) 2014-04-03
US9895653B2 (en) 2018-02-20
EP2685190A1 (fr) 2014-01-15
CN104428614A (zh) 2015-03-18
EP2872841A1 (fr) 2015-05-20
CA2875795C (fr) 2020-06-02
CN104428614B (zh) 2017-08-22

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