EP2868874A1 - Steam power plant with a liquid cooled generator - Google Patents

Steam power plant with a liquid cooled generator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2868874A1
EP2868874A1 EP20130191597 EP13191597A EP2868874A1 EP 2868874 A1 EP2868874 A1 EP 2868874A1 EP 20130191597 EP20130191597 EP 20130191597 EP 13191597 A EP13191597 A EP 13191597A EP 2868874 A1 EP2868874 A1 EP 2868874A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid
steam
generator
bypass
power plant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP20130191597
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Esteban Grau Sorarrain
Christian Jäkel
Mario Koebe
Matthias Kowalski
Christoph Lehmann
Andrey Mashkin
Olga Plotnikova
Carolin Schild
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Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP20130191597 priority Critical patent/EP2868874A1/en
Priority to EP14771845.6A priority patent/EP3042051A2/en
Priority to JP2016550963A priority patent/JP2017500492A/en
Priority to CN201480060630.6A priority patent/CN105705736A/en
Priority to PCT/EP2014/069868 priority patent/WO2015067398A2/en
Priority to US15/033,216 priority patent/US20160305280A1/en
Publication of EP2868874A1 publication Critical patent/EP2868874A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/08Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
    • F01D25/12Cooling
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K27/00Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
    • F01K27/02Plants modified to use their waste heat, other than that of exhaust, e.g. engine-friction heat
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K11/00Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
    • F01K11/02Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00Application
    • F05D2220/30Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/31Application in turbines in steam turbines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00Function
    • F05D2260/60Fluid transfer
    • F05D2260/606Bypassing the fluid

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a steam power plant with a liquid-cooled generator.
  • a fluid in particular water
  • the liquid / steam cycle comprises a steam generator, a steam turbine and a condenser, wherein in the steam generator liquid water is converted into water vapor.
  • the steam is then expanded in the steam turbine, wherein the steam turbine drives an electric generator of the steam power plant.
  • steam turbine is used here synonymously for turbine plant, which usually has several turbines, wherein the first, second, etc. turbines are designated according to the pressure gradient of the steam as high, medium and low pressure turbine.
  • the water vapor is liquefied in the condenser, the resulting water collected in a condensate collection and returned to the boiler.
  • the fluid flows through pipelines between the individual components of the liquid / steam cycle.
  • the temperature of the water or liquid is continuously increased by the preheater.
  • the portion of the liquid / vapor cycle that includes the preheaters is also referred to as the preheat path.
  • An advantage of preheating is energy savings and thus an improvement in efficiency, because not too cold water must be heated in the steam generator.
  • the material of the steam generator is not exposed to strong changes in temperature when fed with hot water.
  • steam energy is used by tapping steam from the steam turbine, especially from medium and / or low-pressure turbine, and condensing it in corresponding heat exchangers.
  • steam extraction reduces power plant output as less steam is available to power the turbine.
  • the object of the invention is to increase the efficiency of a steam power plant on.
  • the steam power plant comprises a liquid / steam cycle with a steam generator for converting a liquid into a steam, a steam turbine and a condenser for converting the steam into the liquid, a generator and liquid cooling of the generator, the liquid cooling being in communication with the liquid - / Steam cycle via a bypass-shaped flow path through which the liquid from the liquid / steam circuit branches off to the liquid cooling and out of the liquid cooling zu facedd to the liquid / steam cycle can be flowed out.
  • liquid is meant in particular water.
  • a portion of the water in the liquid / steam cycle is branched off and used for direct cooling of the generator, including especially the cooling of the fixed parts of the generator and especially the generator stator bars is to be understood. From the generator it is pumped back into the circuit at a suitable point of the preheating section. It is known to the person skilled in the art that the water must be treated accordingly for the corrosion resistance of the generator.
  • the steam power plant according to the invention in the liquid / steam cycle further comprises one or more preheaters in which the liquid is preheated, a superheater, in which the steam generated is overheated before entering the high-pressure turbine, one or more reheater, in which the partially expanded steam is reheated before entering the medium-pressure or low-pressure turbine, and upstream of the steam generator at least one feed-liquid pump, which brings the liquid to high pressure before entering the steam generator.
  • the steam power plant according to the invention in the liquid / steam cycle to a degasser for expelling and discharging non-condensable gases such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide and oxygen from the condensate.
  • the invention is advantageous because a separately operated cooling water circuit for the cooling of the generator is saved by the bypass-shaped flow path.
  • the invention is also advantageous because the heat that receives the water in the cooling of the generator can be used for the preheating of the water before entering the steam generator.
  • the preheating can be done by an energy source whose heat energy would otherwise be discharged unused as waste heat to the environment.
  • preheating does not require the conventional amount of steam that must be tapped from the steam turbine. This is more steam for the Energy generation available.
  • the use of the waste heat of the generator to increase the temperature of the water before the steam generator in the liquid / steam cycle leads to energy savings, material savings and an improvement in the overall efficiency of the power plant.
  • liquid is provided for the cooling of the generator 7 through the bypass-shaped flow path 9, wherein water from the liquid / steam circuit 8 can be used for the cooling.
  • the heat that receives the water in the cooling of the generator 7 is used for the preheating of the water before entering the steam generator 1. According to the heat supply achieved thereby must from the medium-pressure turbine 4 and / or the low-pressure turbine 5 of the steam turbine 2 must be tapped accordingly less steam and passed to the preheater 11 and / or the preheater 12 via the steam lines 14.
  • the bypass-shaped flow path 9 has a branching liquid line 9a arranged downstream of the condenser 6 and upstream of the steam generator 1 from the liquid / steam circuit 8, via which the liquid from the liquid / steam cycle 8 for liquid cooling of the generator 15 is flowable.
  • the branching part of the bypass-shaped flow path 9a has a branch 18 arranged downstream of the condenser 6 and upstream of the steam generator 1 from the liquid / steam circuit 8.
  • the branching Liquid line 9 a arranged so that it branches off upstream of the preheaters 11, 12. At the point of the branch 18 may preferably be arranged a valve.
  • This may be a control valve to control the mass flow of the water, and / or a check valve to prevent backflow of the water intended for cooling in the liquid / steam cycle 8. It can also be arranged several valves at the location of the branch 18 and also in the liquid line 9a.
  • the liquid / steam circuit 8 has downstream of the condenser 6 and upstream of the branch of the bypass-shaped flow path 18 at least one condensate pump 10.
  • the arrangement of the condensate pump 10 at this point is advantageous because it gives the condensate or the liquid water sufficient flow force to flow in sufficient amount in the bypass-shaped flow path 9.
  • the bypass-shaped flow path 9 preferably has a part which leads to the liquid / steam circuit 8, also referred to as the supplying liquid line 9b, via which the liquid can be transported from the liquid cooling 15 to the liquid / steam circuit 8.
  • the leading liquid line 9b of the bypass-shaped flow path 9 upstream of the branch of the bypass-shaped flow path via 18 and upstream of the steam generator 1 arranged junction 19 in the liquid / steam circuit 8.
  • the bypass-shaped flow path 9 before preheaters 11 and / or 12 connected to the liquid / steam circuit 8 zu configuredd, because it can be detected, with what temperature the water flows and whether or to what degree it still must be further heated by steam from the steam turbine 2.
  • the supplying liquid line 9b may also be connected to the liquid / steam circuit 8 at another suitable location of the preheating section, for example between the preheaters 11 and 12, or between the preheaters and the feed liquid pump 17th
  • the bypass-shaped flow path 9 has at least one bypass pump 16.
  • This embodiment is advantageous because it gives the liquid water the necessary flow force to flow into the liquid / vapor circuit 8 in sufficient quantity. It is therefore particularly preferred if the at least one bypass pump 16 is arranged between the generator cooling 15 and the liquid / steam circuit 8. It is also preferred if the at least one pump 10 is located downstream between the branch of the liquid / steam circuit 18 and the generator cooling 15. It is also possible that a plurality of bypass pumps 16 are arranged in the bypass-shaped flow path 9.
  • a valve is disposed at the junction 19 of the feed connection 9b of the bypass-shaped flow path in the liquid / steam circuit 8. This may be a control valve to control the flow of water and / or a check valve to prevent backflow of the water into the bypass-shaped flow path 9. Preferred dimensions may also be arranged valves within the supplying liquid line 9b.
  • the bypass-shaped flow path 9 has a device for demineralizing the liquid water.
  • the device for demineralization is advantageous because dissolved minerals favor the electrical conductivity of the water or make it possible. This can be detrimental to the electricity generating generator.
  • the demineralization device is further advantageous because demineralized water is less corrosive and thereby minimizes corrosion of the material. In order to keep the electrical conductivity of the water as low as possible, a stronger demineralization of the water before entering the Generator or the generator area take place with appropriate fluid lines. In this sense, it is particularly advantageous and therefore preferred when the device for demineralizing the liquid water in front of the generator 7, ie in the liquid line 9a, is arranged. In principle, it is also possible that the device for demineralization in the liquid / steam cycle 8 is arranged. In order to limit the conductivity from the outset, however, advantageously desalinated water should generally be used in the liquid / steam circuit 8.
  • gas-cooled generators are also cooled by a separate water circuit. Therefore, the described invention is also feasible and usable with gas-cooled generators in principle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Dampfkraftwerk mit einen Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf 8 mit einem Dampferzeuger 1 zum Umwandeln einer Flüssigkeit in einen Dampf, einer Dampfturbine 2 und einem Kondensator 6 zum Umwandeln des Dampfes in die Flüssigkeit, einen Generator 7 und eine Flüssigkeitskühlung des Generators 15, wobei die Flüssigkeitskühlung 15 eine Verbindung mit dem Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf 8 über einen Bypass-förmigen Strömungsweg 9 aufweist, durch den die Flüssigkeit vom Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf 8 abzweigend zur Flüssigkeitskühlung 15 hin und von der Flüssigkeitskühlung 15 zuleitend zum Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf 8 hin strömbar ist.The invention relates to a steam power plant with a liquid / steam cycle 8 with a steam generator 1 for converting a liquid into a steam, a steam turbine 2 and a condenser 6 for converting the vapor into the liquid, a generator 7 and a liquid cooling of the generator 15, wherein the liquid cooling system 15 has a connection with the liquid / steam circuit 8 via a bypass-shaped flow path 9, through which the liquid branching off from the liquid / steam circuit 8 branches off to the liquid cooling system 15 and from the liquid cooling system 15 to the liquid / steam circuit 8 is.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Dampfkraftwerk mit einem flüssigkeitsgekühlten Generator.The invention relates to a steam power plant with a liquid-cooled generator.

In einem Dampfkraftwerk zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie wird ein Fluid, insbesondere Wasser, in einem Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf zirkuliert. Der Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf weist einen Dampferzeuger, eine Dampfturbine und einen Kondensator auf, wobei in dem Dampferzeuger flüssiges Wasser in Wasserdampf umgewandelt wird. Der Wasserdampf wird anschließend in der Dampfturbine entspannt, wobei die Dampfturbine einen elektrischen Generator des Dampfkraftwerks antreibt. Der Begriff Dampfturbine wird hier synonym für Turbinenanlage verwendet, die gewöhnlich mehrere Turbinen aufweist, wobei die erste, zweite etc. Turbinen entsprechend dem Druckgefälle des Dampfes als Hoch-, Mittel- und Niederdruckturbine bezeichnet werden. Nach dem Austritt des Wasserdampfes aus der Dampfturbine wird der Wasserdampf in dem Kondensator verflüssigt, das dabei entstehende Wasser in einem Kondensatsammelbehälter aufgefangen und wieder dem Kessel zugeführt. Dabei strömt das Fluid durch Rohrleitungen zwischen den einzelnen Bestandteilen des Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislaufs.In a steam power plant for generating electrical energy, a fluid, in particular water, is circulated in a liquid / steam cycle. The liquid / steam cycle comprises a steam generator, a steam turbine and a condenser, wherein in the steam generator liquid water is converted into water vapor. The steam is then expanded in the steam turbine, wherein the steam turbine drives an electric generator of the steam power plant. The term steam turbine is used here synonymously for turbine plant, which usually has several turbines, wherein the first, second, etc. turbines are designated according to the pressure gradient of the steam as high, medium and low pressure turbine. After the exit of the steam from the steam turbine, the water vapor is liquefied in the condenser, the resulting water collected in a condensate collection and returned to the boiler. The fluid flows through pipelines between the individual components of the liquid / steam cycle.

Dampfkraftwerke mit wassergekühlten Generatoren können neben dem oben beschriebenen Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf mehrere separate Kreisläufe zur Zirkulation eines Fluids, insbesondere einer Flüssigkeit und ganz besonders von Wasser, aufweisen. Dabei dient ein Kühlflüssigkeitskreislauf im Generator zur Bereitstellung von Kühlflüssigkeit mit niedriger Temperatur, Übertragung von Wärme in einem Kühler und Abführung der Kühlflüssigkeit. Neben vollständig wassergekühlten Generatoren weisen auch gasgekühlte Generatoren einen separaten Wasserkreislauf zur Kühlung auf. Für das Betreiben des Flüssigkeitskreislaufs zum Kühlen des Generators muss extern Kühlflüssigkeit und Energie bereitgestellt werden, wodurch sich der Wirkungsgrad des Dampfkraftwerks verringert.Steam power plants with water-cooled generators, in addition to the liquid / steam cycle described above, several separate circuits for the circulation of a fluid, in particular a liquid and especially of water, have. In this case, a cooling liquid circuit in the generator is used to provide low-temperature cooling liquid, transfer of heat in a cooler and discharge of the cooling liquid. In addition to fully water-cooled generators, gas-cooled generators also have a separate water circuit for cooling. For operating the liquid circuit for cooling the generator must external cooling liquid and energy are provided, thereby reducing the efficiency of the steam power plant.

Auf dem Weg vom Kondensator zum Dampferzeuger die Temperatur des Wassers bzw. der Flüssigkeit durch Vorwärmer kontinuierlich erhöht. Der Abschnitt des Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislaufs, der die Vorwärmer aufweist, wird auch als Vorwärmstrecke bezeichnet. Ein Vorteil des Vorwärmens ist Energieersparnis und damit eine Verbesserung des Wirkungsgrads, weil nicht zu kaltes Wasser im Dampferzeuger erhitzt werden muss. Weiterhin wird das Material des Dampferzeugers bei Speisung mit heißem Wasser nicht zu starken Temperaturveränderungen ausgesetzt. Zum Vorwärmen der Flüssigkeit wird beispielsweise Dampfenergie genutzt, indem aus der Dampfturbine, besonders aus Mittel- und / oder Niederdruckturbine, Dampf abgezapft und in entsprechenden Wärmetauschern kondensiert wird. Durch die Dampfentnahme verringert sich jedoch die Kraftwerksleistung, da weniger Dampf zum Antreiben der Turbine zur Verfügung steht.On the way from the condenser to the steam generator, the temperature of the water or liquid is continuously increased by the preheater. The portion of the liquid / vapor cycle that includes the preheaters is also referred to as the preheat path. An advantage of preheating is energy savings and thus an improvement in efficiency, because not too cold water must be heated in the steam generator. Furthermore, the material of the steam generator is not exposed to strong changes in temperature when fed with hot water. To preheat the liquid, for example, steam energy is used by tapping steam from the steam turbine, especially from medium and / or low-pressure turbine, and condensing it in corresponding heat exchangers. However, steam extraction reduces power plant output as less steam is available to power the turbine.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, den Wirkungsgrad eines Dampfkraftwerks weiter zu erhöhen.The object of the invention is to increase the efficiency of a steam power plant on.

Die Aufgabe wird mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen dazu sind in den weiteren Patentansprüchen angegeben.The object is achieved with the features of claim 1. Preferred embodiments thereof are specified in the further claims.

Das erfindungsgemäße Dampfkraftwerk weist einen Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf mit einem Dampferzeuger zum Umwandeln einer Flüssigkeit in einen Dampf, einer Dampfturbine und einem Kondensator zum Umwandeln des Dampfes in die Flüssigkeit, einen Generator und eine Flüssigkeitskühlung des Generators auf, wobei die Flüssigkeitskühlung eine Verbindung mit dem Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf über einen Bypass-förmigen Strömungsweg aufweist, durch den die Flüssigkeit vom Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf abzweigend zur Flüssigkeitskühlung hin und von der Flüssigkeitskühlung zuleitend zum Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf hin strömbar ist.The steam power plant according to the invention comprises a liquid / steam cycle with a steam generator for converting a liquid into a steam, a steam turbine and a condenser for converting the steam into the liquid, a generator and liquid cooling of the generator, the liquid cooling being in communication with the liquid - / Steam cycle via a bypass-shaped flow path through which the liquid from the liquid / steam circuit branches off to the liquid cooling and out of the liquid cooling zuleitend to the liquid / steam cycle can be flowed out.

Unter Flüssigkeit wird insbesondere Wasser verstanden. Mit anderen Worten wird ein Teil des Wassers im Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf abgezweigt und zur direkten Kühlung des Generators verwendet, wobei darunter besonders die Kühlung der feststehenden Teile des Generators und ganz besonders der Generatorständerstäbe zu verstehen ist. Vom Generator aus wird es an geeigneter Stelle der Vorwärmstrecke wieder in den Kreislauf zurückgepumpt. Dem Fachmann ist bekannt, dass das Wasser zur Korrosionsbeständigkeit des Generators entsprechend behandelt sein muss.By liquid is meant in particular water. In other words, a portion of the water in the liquid / steam cycle is branched off and used for direct cooling of the generator, including especially the cooling of the fixed parts of the generator and especially the generator stator bars is to be understood. From the generator it is pumped back into the circuit at a suitable point of the preheating section. It is known to the person skilled in the art that the water must be treated accordingly for the corrosion resistance of the generator.

Bevorzugt weist das erfindungsgemäße Dampfkraftwerk im Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf weiterhin einen oder mehrere Vorwärmer auf, in denen die Flüssigkeit vorgewärmt wird, einen Überhitzer, in denen der erzeugte Dampf vor Eintritt in die Hochdruckturbine überhitzt wird, einen oder mehrere Zwischenerhitzer, in denen der teilentspannte Dampf vor Eintritt in die Mitteldruck- bzw. Niederdruckturbine wieder überhitzt wird, und stromaufwärts vor dem Dampferzeuger mindestens eine Speiseflüssigkeitspumpe, welche die Flüssigkeit vor Eintritt in den Dampferzeuger auf hohen Druck bringt. Weiterhin bevorzugt weist das erfindungsgemäße Dampfkraftwerk im Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf einen Entgaser zum Austreiben und Abführen nicht kondensierbarer Gase wie Stickstoff, Kohlendioxid und Sauerstoff aus dem Kondensat auf.Preferably, the steam power plant according to the invention in the liquid / steam cycle further comprises one or more preheaters in which the liquid is preheated, a superheater, in which the steam generated is overheated before entering the high-pressure turbine, one or more reheater, in which the partially expanded steam is reheated before entering the medium-pressure or low-pressure turbine, and upstream of the steam generator at least one feed-liquid pump, which brings the liquid to high pressure before entering the steam generator. Further preferably, the steam power plant according to the invention in the liquid / steam cycle to a degasser for expelling and discharging non-condensable gases such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide and oxygen from the condensate.

Die Erfindung ist vorteilhaft, weil durch den Bypass-förmigen Strömungsweg ein separat zu betreibender Kühlwasserkreislauf für die Kühlung des Generators eingespart wird. Die Erfindung ist weiterhin vorteilhaft, weil die Wärme, die das Wasser bei der Kühlung des Generators aufnimmt, für die Vorwärmung des Wassers vor Eintritt in den Dampferzeuger genutzt werden kann. Damit kann die Vorwärmung durch eine Energiequelle erfolgen, deren Wärmeenergie sonst ungenutzt als Abwärme an die Umgebung abgegeben würde. Somit wird für die Vorwärmung nicht die herkömmliche Menge an Dampf benötigt, die aus der Dampfturbine abgezapft werden muss. Damit steht mehr Dampf für die Energiegewinnung zur Verfügung. Mit anderen Worten führt die Nutzung der Abwärme des Generators zur Temperaturerhöhung des Wassers vor dem Dampferzeuger im Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf zu Energieeinsparung, Materialersparnis und einer Verbesserung des Gesamtwirkungsgrads des Kraftwerks.The invention is advantageous because a separately operated cooling water circuit for the cooling of the generator is saved by the bypass-shaped flow path. The invention is also advantageous because the heat that receives the water in the cooling of the generator can be used for the preheating of the water before entering the steam generator. Thus, the preheating can be done by an energy source whose heat energy would otherwise be discharged unused as waste heat to the environment. Thus, preheating does not require the conventional amount of steam that must be tapped from the steam turbine. This is more steam for the Energy generation available. In other words, the use of the waste heat of the generator to increase the temperature of the water before the steam generator in the liquid / steam cycle leads to energy savings, material savings and an improvement in the overall efficiency of the power plant.

Im Folgenden wird anhand der beigefügten schematischen Zeichnung die Erfindung näher erläutert. Es zeigt:

Figur 1
eine schematische Darstellung eines Dampfkraftwerks mit einem Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf und einem Generator, wobei der Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf über einen Bypass-förmigen Strömungsweg mit der Kühlung des Generators verbunden ist, durch den flüssiges Wasser strömbar ist.
In the following, the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying schematic drawing. It shows:
FIG. 1
a schematic representation of a steam power plant with a liquid / steam cycle and a generator, wherein the liquid / steam cycle is connected via a bypass-shaped flow path with the cooling of the generator through which liquid water can be flowed.

Dabei wird durch den Bypass-förmigen Strömungsweg 9 Flüssigkeit für die Kühlung des Generators 7 bereitgestellt, wobei Wasser vom Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf 8 für die Kühlung genutzt werden kann. Die Wärme, die das Wasser bei der Kühlung des Generators 7 aufnimmt, wird für die Vorwärmung des Wassers vor Eintritt in den Dampferzeuger 1 genutzt. Entsprechend der dadurch erreichten Wärmezufuhr muss aus der Mitteldruckturbine 4 und / oder der Niederdruckturbine 5 der Dampfturbine 2 muss somit entsprechend weniger Dampf abgezapft und zu dem Vorwärmer 11 und / oder dem Vorwärmer 12 über die Dampfleitungen 14 geleitet werden.In this case, liquid is provided for the cooling of the generator 7 through the bypass-shaped flow path 9, wherein water from the liquid / steam circuit 8 can be used for the cooling. The heat that receives the water in the cooling of the generator 7 is used for the preheating of the water before entering the steam generator 1. According to the heat supply achieved thereby must from the medium-pressure turbine 4 and / or the low-pressure turbine 5 of the steam turbine 2 must be tapped accordingly less steam and passed to the preheater 11 and / or the preheater 12 via the steam lines 14.

Es ist bevorzugt, wenn der Bypass-förmige Strömungsweg 9 eine stromabwärts nach dem Kondensator 6 und vor dem Dampferzeuger 1 vom Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf 8 angeordneten abzweigende Flüssigkeitsleitung 9a aufweist, über welche die Flüssigkeit vom Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf 8 zur Flüssigkeitskühlung des Generators 15 hin strömbar ist. Mit anderen Worten weist der abzweigende Teil des Bypass-förmigen Strömungswegs 9a einen stromabwärts nach dem Kondensator 6 und stromaufwärts vor dem Dampferzeuger 1 angeordneten Abzweig 18 vom Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf 8 auf. Bevorzugt ist die abzweigende Flüssigkeitsleitung 9a so angeordnet, dass sie stromaufwärts vor den Vorwärmern 11, 12 abzweigt. An der Stelle der Abzweigung 18 kann bevorzugt ein Ventil angeordnet sein. Dies kann ein Regelventil sein, um den Massenstrom des Wassers zu steuern, und/oder ein Rückschlagventil, um ein Zurückströmen des zur Kühlung vorgesehenen Wassers in den Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf 8 zu verhindern. Es können auch mehrere Ventile an der Stelle der Abzweigung 18 und auch in der Flüssigkeitsleitung 9a angeordnet sein.It is preferred if the bypass-shaped flow path 9 has a branching liquid line 9a arranged downstream of the condenser 6 and upstream of the steam generator 1 from the liquid / steam circuit 8, via which the liquid from the liquid / steam cycle 8 for liquid cooling of the generator 15 is flowable. In other words, the branching part of the bypass-shaped flow path 9a has a branch 18 arranged downstream of the condenser 6 and upstream of the steam generator 1 from the liquid / steam circuit 8. Preferably, the branching Liquid line 9 a arranged so that it branches off upstream of the preheaters 11, 12. At the point of the branch 18 may preferably be arranged a valve. This may be a control valve to control the mass flow of the water, and / or a check valve to prevent backflow of the water intended for cooling in the liquid / steam cycle 8. It can also be arranged several valves at the location of the branch 18 and also in the liquid line 9a.

Es ist weiterhin bevorzugt, wenn der Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf 8 stromabwärts nach dem Kondensator 6 und stromaufwärts vor dem Abzweig des Bypass-förmigen Strömungsweges 18 mindestens eine Kondensatpumpe 10 aufweist. Die Anordnung der Kondensatpumpe 10 an dieser Stelle ist vorteilhaft, weil dadurch dem Kondensat bzw. dem flüssigen Wasser genügend Strömungskraft verliehen wird, um in ausreichender Menge in den Bypass-förmigen Strömungsweg 9 hineinzuströmen.It is further preferred if the liquid / steam circuit 8 has downstream of the condenser 6 and upstream of the branch of the bypass-shaped flow path 18 at least one condensate pump 10. The arrangement of the condensate pump 10 at this point is advantageous because it gives the condensate or the liquid water sufficient flow force to flow in sufficient amount in the bypass-shaped flow path 9.

Bevorzugtermaßen weist der Bypass-förmige Strömungsweg 9 eine zum Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf 8 hin zuleitenden Teil, auch als zuleitende Flüssigkeitsleitung 9b bezeichnet, auf, über welche die Flüssigkeit von der Flüssigkeitskühlung 15 zum Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf 8 hin transportierbar ist. Dabei weist die zuleitende Flüssigkeitsleitung 9b des Bypass-förmigen Strömungswegs 9 eine stromaufwärts nach dem Abzweig des Bypass-förmigen Strömungswegs über 18 und stromaufwärts vor dem Dampferzeuger 1 angeordnete Einmündung 19 in den Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf 8 auf. Es ist vorteilhaft, wenn der Bypass-förmige Strömungsweg 9 vor Vorwärmern 11 und / oder 12 mit dem Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf 8 zuleitend verbunden ist, weil so erfasst werden kann, mit welcher Temperatur das Wasser strömt und ob bzw. zu welchem Grad es noch durch Dampf aus der Dampfturbine 2 weiter erwärmt werden muss. Die zuleitende Flüssigkeitsleitung 9b kann jedoch auch an einer anderen geeigneten Stelle der Vorwärmstrecke mit dem Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf 8 verbunden sein, beispielsweise zwischen den Vorwärmern 11 und 12, oder auch zwischen den Vorwärmern und der Speiseflüssigkeitspumpe 17.The bypass-shaped flow path 9 preferably has a part which leads to the liquid / steam circuit 8, also referred to as the supplying liquid line 9b, via which the liquid can be transported from the liquid cooling 15 to the liquid / steam circuit 8. In this case, the leading liquid line 9b of the bypass-shaped flow path 9 upstream of the branch of the bypass-shaped flow path via 18 and upstream of the steam generator 1 arranged junction 19 in the liquid / steam circuit 8. It is advantageous if the bypass-shaped flow path 9 before preheaters 11 and / or 12 connected to the liquid / steam circuit 8 zuleitend, because it can be detected, with what temperature the water flows and whether or to what degree it still must be further heated by steam from the steam turbine 2. However, the supplying liquid line 9b may also be connected to the liquid / steam circuit 8 at another suitable location of the preheating section, for example between the preheaters 11 and 12, or between the preheaters and the feed liquid pump 17th

Es ist bevorzugt, wenn der Bypass-förmige Strömungsweg 9 mindestens eine Bypass-Pumpe 16 aufweist. Diese Ausführungsform ist vorteilhaft, weil dadurch dem flüssigen Wasser die nötige Strömungskraft verliehen wird, um in ausreichender Menge in den Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf 8 hineinzuströmen. Es ist deshalb besonders bevorzugt, wenn die mindestens eine Bypass-Pumpe 16 zwischen Generatorkühlung 15 und Flüssigkeits/Dampfkreislauf 8 angeordnet ist. Es ist ebenfalls bevorzugt, wenn die mindestens eine Pumpe 10 stromabwärts zwischen dem Abzweig von dem Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf 18 und der Generatorkühlung 15 angeordnet ist. Es ist auch möglich, dass mehrere Bypass-Pumpen 16 in dem Bypass-förmigen Strömungsweg 9 angeordnet sind.It is preferred if the bypass-shaped flow path 9 has at least one bypass pump 16. This embodiment is advantageous because it gives the liquid water the necessary flow force to flow into the liquid / vapor circuit 8 in sufficient quantity. It is therefore particularly preferred if the at least one bypass pump 16 is arranged between the generator cooling 15 and the liquid / steam circuit 8. It is also preferred if the at least one pump 10 is located downstream between the branch of the liquid / steam circuit 18 and the generator cooling 15. It is also possible that a plurality of bypass pumps 16 are arranged in the bypass-shaped flow path 9.

Bevorzugtermaßen ist an der Einmündung 19 der zuleitenden Verbindung 9b des Bypass-förmigen Strömungswegs in den Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf 8 ein Ventil angeordnet. Dies kann ein Regelventil sein, um die Strömung des Wassers zu steuern, und/oder ein Rückschlagventil, um ein Zurückströmen des Wassers in den Bypass-förmigen Strömungsweg 9 zu verhindern. Bevorzugtermaßen können auch Ventile innerhalb der zuleitenden Flüssigkeitsleitung 9b angeordnet sein.Preferred dimensions, a valve is disposed at the junction 19 of the feed connection 9b of the bypass-shaped flow path in the liquid / steam circuit 8. This may be a control valve to control the flow of water and / or a check valve to prevent backflow of the water into the bypass-shaped flow path 9. Preferred dimensions may also be arranged valves within the supplying liquid line 9b.

Es ist weiterhin bevorzugt, wenn der Bypass-förmige Strömungsweg 9 eine Vorrichtung zum Entmineralisieren des flüssigen Wassers aufweist. Die Vorrichtung zum Entmineralisieren ist vorteilhaft, da gelöste Mineralien die elektrische Leitfähigkeit des Wassers begünstigen bzw. sie ermöglichen. Dies kann sich am Elektrizität generierenden Generator nachteilig auswirken. Die Vorrichtung zum Entmineralisieren ist weiterhin vorteilhaft, weil entmineralisiertes Wasser weniger korrosiv wirkt und dadurch die Korrosion des Materials möglichst gering gehalten wird. Um besonders die elektrische Leitfähigkeit des Wassers möglichst niedrig zu halten, sollte ein stärkeres Entmineralisieren des Wassers vor Eintritt in den Generator bzw. den Generatorbereich mit entsprechenden Flüssigkeitsleitungen stattfinden. In diesem Sinne ist es besonders vorteilhaft und deshalb bevorzugt, wenn die Vorrichtung zum Entmineralisieren des flüssigen Wassers vor dem Generator 7, also in der Flüssigkeitsleitung 9a, angeordnet ist. Prinzipiell ist es aber auch möglich, dass die Vorrichtung zum Entmineralisieren im Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf 8 angeordnet ist. Um die Leitfähigkeit von vornherein einzuschränken, sollte jedoch vorteilhafterweise generell entsalzenes Wasser im Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf 8 verwendet werden.It is further preferred if the bypass-shaped flow path 9 has a device for demineralizing the liquid water. The device for demineralization is advantageous because dissolved minerals favor the electrical conductivity of the water or make it possible. This can be detrimental to the electricity generating generator. The demineralization device is further advantageous because demineralized water is less corrosive and thereby minimizes corrosion of the material. In order to keep the electrical conductivity of the water as low as possible, a stronger demineralization of the water before entering the Generator or the generator area take place with appropriate fluid lines. In this sense, it is particularly advantageous and therefore preferred when the device for demineralizing the liquid water in front of the generator 7, ie in the liquid line 9a, is arranged. In principle, it is also possible that the device for demineralization in the liquid / steam cycle 8 is arranged. In order to limit the conductivity from the outset, however, advantageously desalinated water should generally be used in the liquid / steam circuit 8.

Wie eingangs erwähnt werden auch gasgekühlte Generatoren über einen separaten Wasserkreislauf gekühlt. Daher ist die beschriebene Erfindung auch mit gasgekühlten Generatoren prinzipiell realisierbar und verwendbar.As mentioned above, gas-cooled generators are also cooled by a separate water circuit. Therefore, the described invention is also feasible and usable with gas-cooled generators in principle.

Obwohl die Erfindung durch das bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiel näher illustriert und beschrieben wurde, so ist die Erfindung nicht durch das offenbarte Beispiel eingeschränkt. Andere Variationen können vom Fachmann hieraus abgeleitet werden, ohne der Schutzumfang der Erfindung zu verlassen.Although the invention has been further illustrated and described by the preferred embodiment, the invention is not limited by the disclosed example. Other variations can be deduced therefrom by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

Dampfkraftwerk, aufweisend einen Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf (8) mit einem Dampferzeuger (1) zum Umwandeln einer Flüssigkeit in einen Dampf, einer Dampfturbine (2) und einem Kondensator (6) zum Umwandeln des Dampfes in die Flüssigkeit, einen Generator (7) und eine Flüssigkeitskühlung des Generators (15),
wobei die Flüssigkeitskühlung (15) eine Verbindung mit dem Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf (8) über einen Bypass-förmigen Strömungsweg (9) aufweist, durch den die Flüssigkeit vom Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf (8) abzweigend zur Flüssigkeitskühlung (15) hin und von der Flüssigkeitskühlung (15) zuleitend zum Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf (8) hin strömbar ist.
A steam power plant, comprising a liquid / steam circuit (8) having a steam generator (1) for converting a liquid into a steam, a steam turbine (2) and a condenser (6) for converting the steam into the liquid, a generator (7) and a liquid cooling of the generator (15),
wherein the liquid cooling (15) has a connection with the liquid / steam circuit (8) via a bypass-shaped flow path (9) through which the liquid branching from the liquid / steam circuit (8) to the liquid cooling (15) and from Liquid cooling (15) zuleitend to the liquid / steam circuit (8) is flowed out.
Dampfkraftwerk gemäß Anspruch 1,
wobei der abzweigende Teil des Bypass-förmigen Strömungswegs (9a) einen stromabwärts nach dem Kondensator (6) und stromaufwärts vor dem Dampferzeuger (1) angeordneten Abzweig vom Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf (18) aufweist.
Steam power plant according to claim 1,
wherein the branching part of the bypass-shaped flow path (9a) has a branch downstream of the condenser (6) and upstream of the steam generator (1) from the liquid / vapor circuit (18).
Dampfkraftwerk gemäß Anspruch 2,
wobei der Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf (8) eine stromabwärts nach dem Kondensator (6) und stromaufwärts vor dem Abzweig des Bypass-förmigen Strömungsweges vom Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf (18) mindestens eine Kondensatpumpe (10) aufweist.
Steam power plant according to claim 2,
wherein the liquid / vapor circuit (8) has at least one condensate pump (10) downstream of the condenser (6) and upstream of the branch of the bypass-shaped flow path from the liquid / vapor circuit (18).
Dampfkraftwerk gemäß Anspruch 2 oder 3,
wobei der zuleitende Teil des Bypass-förmigen Strömungswegs (9b) eine stromabwärts nach dem Abzweig des Bypass-förmigen Strömungswegs (18) und stromaufwärts vor dem Dampferzeuger (1) angeordnete Einmündung in den Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf (19) aufweist.
Steam power plant according to claim 2 or 3,
wherein the supplying part of the bypass-shaped flow path (9b) has a downstream into the branch of the bypass-shaped flow path (18) and upstream of the steam generator (1) disposed in the liquid / steam circuit (19).
Dampfkraftwerk gemäß einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, wobei der Bypass-förmige Strömungsweg (9) mindestens eine Bypass-Pumpe (16) aufweist.Steam power plant according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the bypass-shaped flow path (9) has at least one bypass pump (16). Dampfkraftwerk gemäß Anspruch 5,
wobei die mindestens eine Bypass-Pumpe (16) stromabwärts des Abzweigs des Bypass-förmigen Strömungswegs vom Flüssigkeits-/Dampfkreislauf (18) und stromaufwärts der Generatorkühlung (15) angeordnet ist.
Steam power plant according to claim 5,
wherein the at least one bypass pump (16) is located downstream of the branch of the bypass-shaped flow path from the liquid / vapor circuit (18) and upstream of the generator cooling (15).
Dampfkraftwerk gemäß Anspruch 5,
wobei die mindestens eine Bypass-Pumpe (16) stromabwärts der Generatorkühlung (15) und stromaufwärts der Einmündung des Bypass-förmigen Strömungswegs in den Flüssigkeits/Dampfkreislauf (19) angeordnet ist.
Steam power plant according to claim 5,
wherein the at least one bypass pump (16) is disposed downstream of the generator cooling (15) and upstream of the mouth of the bypass-shaped flow path into the liquid / vapor circuit (19).
Dampfkraftwerk gemäß einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, wobei der Bypass-förmige Strömungsweg (9) eine Vorrichtung zum Entmineralisieren der Flüssigkeit aufweist.Steam power plant according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the bypass-shaped flow path (9) comprises a device for demineralizing the liquid. Dampfkraftwerk gemäß Anspruch 8,
wobei die Vorrichtung zum Entmineralisieren der Flüssigkeit stromaufwärts vor dem Generator (7) angeordnet ist.
Steam power plant according to claim 8,
wherein the device for demineralizing the liquid upstream of the generator (7) is arranged.
EP20130191597 2013-11-05 2013-11-05 Steam power plant with a liquid cooled generator Withdrawn EP2868874A1 (en)

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EP14771845.6A EP3042051A2 (en) 2013-11-05 2014-09-18 Steam power plant with a liquid-cooled generator
JP2016550963A JP2017500492A (en) 2013-11-05 2014-09-18 Steam power plant with liquid-cooled generator
CN201480060630.6A CN105705736A (en) 2013-11-05 2014-09-18 Steam power plant with a liquid-cooled generator
PCT/EP2014/069868 WO2015067398A2 (en) 2013-11-05 2014-09-18 Steam power plant with a liquid-cooled generator
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