EP2859267A2 - Sealed and thermally insulating tank - Google Patents

Sealed and thermally insulating tank

Info

Publication number
EP2859267A2
EP2859267A2 EP13730032.3A EP13730032A EP2859267A2 EP 2859267 A2 EP2859267 A2 EP 2859267A2 EP 13730032 A EP13730032 A EP 13730032A EP 2859267 A2 EP2859267 A2 EP 2859267A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall
barrier
vessel
heat
multilayer structure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13730032.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2859267B1 (en
Inventor
James GAZEAU
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gaztransport et Technigaz SA
Original Assignee
Gaztransport et Technigaz SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gaztransport et Technigaz SA filed Critical Gaztransport et Technigaz SA
Publication of EP2859267A2 publication Critical patent/EP2859267A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2859267B1 publication Critical patent/EP2859267B1/en
Priority to HRP20161468TT priority Critical patent/HRP20161468T1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/12—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge with provision for thermal insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
    • F17C3/027—Wallpanels for so-called membrane tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/30—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for transfer at sea between ships or between ships and off-shore structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/30—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for transfer at sea between ships or between ships and off-shore structures
    • B63B27/34—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for transfer at sea between ships or between ships and off-shore structures using pipe-lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B67D9/00—Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids when loading or unloading ships
    • B67D9/02—Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids when loading or unloading ships using articulated pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/04—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by insulating layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0354—Wood
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0358—Thermal insulations by solid means in form of panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0631—Three or more walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0678—Concrete
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0352—Pipes
    • F17C2205/0364—Pipes flexible or articulated, e.g. a hose
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/013—Reducing manufacturing time or effort
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F17C2270/0107—Wall panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/011—Barges
    • F17C2270/0113—Barges floating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0118—Offshore
    • F17C2270/0121—Platforms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
    • F17C2270/0136—Terminals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of sealed tanks and thermally insulated and their manufacturing processes.
  • the invention relates to a tank for liquefied gas storage and, in particular, liquefied natural gas with a high methane content.
  • Such a tank earth is for example disclosed in FR-A-2739675. It is also known liquefied gas storage tanks present in the carrying structure of a ship. Such a vessel vessel is for example disclosed in EP-A-0064886.
  • the invention provides a sealed and thermally insulating tank integrated in a support structure for containing a fluid, in which a wall of the vessel comprises:
  • a multilayer structure comprising a sealing barrier and a thermal insulation barrier disposed between the sealing barrier and the load-bearing wall, the thermal insulation barrier comprising juxtaposed heat-insulating elements, a heat-insulating element including:
  • thermal insulation lining disposed in the form of a layer parallel to the supporting wall
  • cover panel arranged on the support members and having a support surface parallel to the supporting wall for supporting the sealing barrier
  • crosspieces are attached to the retaining rods so that a crossbeam extends between each retaining rods at the interface between two heat insulating elements
  • the cover panels of the heat-insulating elements being connected to the crossmembers to be retained against the load-bearing wall via the sleepers, and the sealing barrier being bonded to the sleepers to be retained against the cover panels of the heat insulating elements through the sleepers.
  • such a tank may further comprise one or more of the following characteristics.
  • an anchor plate is bonded to the cross member so as to be flush with the cover panel of an adjacent insulating member, the anchor plate having a bottom surface which bears on the cover panel and an upper surface on which the sealing barrier is laid.
  • the anchor plate protrudes on both sides of the crosspiece parallel to the carrier wall to cooperate with the cover panels of the two heat insulating elements between which the cross is disposed.
  • the anchor plate is disposed halfway between the two retaining rods to which the cross member is attached.
  • the sealing barrier comprises a metal membrane having corrugations and flat portions located between the corrugations, the anchoring plates being made of metal, the metal diaphragm being welded to the anchoring plates at the flat parts.
  • the retaining rods are arranged so as to form a plurality of parallel rows on the supporting wall, and in which the rails which extend between the retaining rods of a row each bear a support. elongated weld projecting perpendicularly to the load-bearing wall between the cover panels of the heat-insulating elements adjacent to the row of retaining rods,
  • the sealing barrier comprises a low-expansion steel metal membrane consisting of strips of flat sheets disposed on the cover panels of the heat-insulating elements and having raised edges towards the interior of the tank, the raised edges sheet metal strips being continuously welded to the elongated solder supports to form deformable bellows in a direction transverse to the elongated solder supports.
  • the multilayer structure constitutes a primary barrier of the vessel, the vessel wall further comprising a second multilayer structure disposed between the first multilayer structure and the carrier wall, the second multilayer structure comprising a secondary sealing barrier and a secondary thermal insulation barrier disposed between the secondary sealing barrier and the supporting wall,
  • Such a secondary barrier of the tank can be made with a structure identical to the primary barrier described above or with a different structure.
  • the secondary insulation barrier comprises juxtaposed secondary heat insulating elements, a secondary heat-insulating element including:
  • thermal insulation lining disposed in the form of a layer parallel to the supporting wall
  • cover panel arranged on the carrier members and having a support surface parallel to the carrier wall for supporting the secondary sealing barrier
  • the secondary sealing barrier being traversed by the retaining rods attached to the load-bearing wall and having tight connections around the retaining rods.
  • the multilayer structure constitutes a secondary barrier of the vessel, the vessel wall further comprising a second multilayer structure disposed on the first multilayer structure opposite the carrier wall, the second multilayer structure comprising a primary sealing barrier and a primary thermal insulation barrier disposed between the primary sealing barrier and the secondary sealing barrier.
  • Such a primary barrier of the tank can be made with a structure identical to the secondary barrier described above or with a different structure.
  • the secondary sealing barrier is made of composite material comprising a metal sheet and a fiberglass mat bonded to the metal sheet by a polymer resin.
  • a retaining rod carries a tie connector disposed at a lower level than the cover panels of the heat insulating elements, the cross connector having a plurality of fasteners disposed around the retaining rod to cooperate with complementary fasteners disposed at ends of the sleepers.
  • the fasteners of the cross connector are male connectors engaging in housings formed at the ends of the cross members and retained in these housings by pins.
  • the support elements comprise pillars of small cross-section with respect to the dimensions of the heat-insulating element.
  • the thermal insulation lining comprises a flexible insulating material, for example glass wool.
  • the load-bearing elements and the cover panel of a heat-insulating element are made of wood. These materials are relatively easy to obtain almost anywhere in the world and are inexpensive.
  • the use of a flexible material facilitates the construction of the insulating layer in all areas of the tank.
  • Such a tank can be part of a land storage facility, for example to store LNG or be installed in a floating structure, coastal or deep water, including a LNG tank, a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) , a floating unit of production and remote storage (FPSO) and others.
  • the support structure is built on foundations fixed to a continental or submarine ground.
  • a vessel for the transport of a cold liquid product comprises a double hull and a aforementioned tank disposed in the double hull.
  • the invention also provides a method for loading or unloading such a vessel, in which a cold liquid product is conveyed through isolated pipes from or to a floating or land storage facility to or from the tank of the ship.
  • the invention also provides a transfer system for a cold liquid product, the system comprising the abovementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged to connect the vessel installed in the hull of the vessel to a floating storage facility. or terrestrial and a pump for driving a flow of cold liquid product through the insulated pipelines from or to the floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
  • An idea underlying the invention is to provide a waterproof and insulating wall structure at an advantageous cost and having a reduced assembly time.
  • Some aspects of the invention start from the idea of fulfilling essential functions of the sealed and insulating tank wall by means of several decoupled structural elements, in particular to provide a thin metal membrane to ensure the sealing function, a packing of thermal insulation to provide the thermal insulation function, a relatively continuous floor wall for supporting the membrane, supporting elements to take up the hydrostatic pressure experienced by the membrane and the floor wall, and an anchoring system of the membrane which holds the membrane on the carrier wall without passing any tensile force through the floor wall or its supporting elements or the thermal insulation lining. Thanks to such a decoupling between the anchoring system and the heat insulating elements, they can be made in a simple and inexpensive form, in particular using a flexible non-structural insulation such as glass wool.
  • Figure 1 is a partial schematic sectional view of a tank of liquefied natural gas.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a modular block that can be used in an insulating barrier of the tank of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a side plan view of the modular block of FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is a cutaway perspective view of a simple insulating and waterproof wall made by means of the modular block of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 5 is a cut-away perspective view of a sealed and insulating double wall made by means of the modular block of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional view of another insulating and waterproof wall produced by means of modular blocks.
  • FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a sealing barrier of the tank wall of FIG. 6.
  • a terrestrial tank refers to a vessel whose supporting structure 1 is built on foundations fixed to the ground, be it the continental soil, the shore or an underwater soil.
  • the supporting structure 1 can be built above the ground level, or be partially or completely buried.
  • the supporting structure 1 is made of concrete and comprises a peripheral wall 2 with a generally cylindrical geometry and a bottom wall 3.
  • the peripheral wall 2 has an outer surface with a circular section and an inner surface with a polygonal section.
  • the inner surface 7 of the bottom wall 3 and the peripheral wall 2 is covered with a multilayer structure shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1, and which comprises a thermal insulation barrier 4 and a waterproof metal sealing membrane 5 liquid and gas.
  • the sealing connection between the sealing membranes 5 of the bottom wall 3 and of the peripheral wall 2 is produced by means of a metal bracket 6.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 an embodiment of the thermal insulation barrier 4 is now described.
  • here is meant by “above” a position located closer to the inside of the vessel and " below "a position located closer to the supporting structure, regardless of the orientation of the wall relative to the terrestrial gravitational field.
  • the thermal insulation barrier 4 is made in the form of a plurality of parallelepiped heat insulating elements 10 juxtaposed on the inner surface 7, and of which Figure 2 represents a copy.
  • the heat insulating element 10 comprises a rectangular or square lid panel 1 1 and a plurality of carrying pillars 12 fixed on a lower face of the lid panel 11 perpendicular to it.
  • the pillars 12 bear against the surface 7 of the supporting structure.
  • Putty shims 13 may be disposed at the end of the pillars 12 against the inner surface 7 in order to compensate for the unevenness of the surface 7 and thus align the cover panels 11 with a theoretical surface having a high accuracy on the whole extent of the tank. This alignment promotes uniform support of the waterproofing membrane.
  • the blocks of mastic 13 are intended to work in compression and therefore do not require high adhesion characteristics.
  • the dimensions of the cover panel 11 and the pillars 12 and the spacing thereof are set according to the requirements of the intended application, in particular the hydrostatic pressure to be resumed, and selected materials.
  • a thickness of 35 mm for the cover panel 11 a section of 60 ⁇ 60 mm for the pillars 12 with a length of the order of one meter, and a gap between two pillars. between 25 and 30cm approximately.
  • a non-structural insulating material of the glass wool type is positioned between the pillars 12 so as to form a substantially continuous insulating layer over the entire extent of the inner surface 7 of the supporting structure and filling substantially all the space 15 between the cover panel 11 and the interior surface 7.
  • an anchoring device 20 forms a frame all around the heat-insulating element 10.
  • the anchoring device 20 comprises four studs 21 which are permanently fixed in the structure carrier, for example sealed or screwed into the concrete, at the four corners of the insulating element 10.
  • a stud 21 each carries an elongate coupler 22 which extends perpendicularly to the surface 7.
  • the coupler 22 comprises in each case successively an insulating section 23, to avoid creating a too high thermal bridge with the carrier structure, a metal rod 24 which extends to the top of the pillars 12 and a cruciform connector 25 for attaching
  • the insulating section 23 consists here of two elongate, parallel and parallel wooden plates 26 which connect a lower metal plate 27 to an upper metal plate 28 attached to the rod 24.
  • the cruciform connector 25 has four arms that extend parallel to the cover panel 11 at a corner 17 of the cover panel. Two arms run along the two adjacent sides of the cover panel 11 at this corner 17, and two other arms extend to the opposite to cooperate with adjacent heat insulating elements.
  • the cross rods 30 are fixed to the connectors 25 so that a transverse rod 30 extends along each side of the lid panel 11, each time between two connectors 25 whose arms engage in housings provided at both ends. ends of the cross rod 30.
  • An attachment device may be provided for retaining the cross rod 30 on the connector 25.
  • holes 31 in the connector arm 25 and corresponding holes 32 in the end of the cross rod 30 receive pins not shown to achieve this attachment.
  • the crosspieces 30 thus provide a frame which surrounds the cover panel 11 and which is retained on the supporting structure by the couplers 22.
  • the crosspieces 30 serve to retain both the heat-insulating element 10 and the overlying membrane on the structure carrier.
  • a crosspiece 30 carries each time an anchor plate 33, located at its middle, which extends parallel to the cover panel 11 and is flush with the level of the upper surface 16 of the cover panel 11.
  • anchor plate 33 is attached to the upper edge of the cross member 30 by fixing screws 34.
  • the anchor plate 33 protrudes on each side of the cross member 30 to cooperate with the cover panels 11 of two heat-insulating elements 10 arranged on either side of the cross-member 30.
  • the edge of the cover panel 11 has in each case a countersink 18 of thickness equal to the anchoring plate 33.
  • the heat insulating element 10 is therefore retained on the support structure by four anchor plates 33 which cooperate with each of its four sides.
  • FIG. 4 shows the tank wall obtained after placing the metal membrane 5 on the insulating barrier 4, which is formed by repeating the structure described above over the entire extent of a wall of the tank, that is, by forming a periodic rectangular tiling of the plane.
  • the metal membrane 5 is here formed of a thin stainless steel sheet having a network of 38 and 39 intersecting waves to give it an elasticity in all directions of the plane.
  • This membrane is constructed from rectangular sheet metal plates which are placed on the cover panels 11 juxtaposed heat insulating elements 10, and which are welded to the anchor plates 33 at the edges of each rectangular sheet metal plate.
  • the dimensions of the rectangular sheet metal plates are determined so as to correspond to a whole number of dimensions of a cover panel 11.
  • these dimensions preferably correspond to an integer number of wave steps, for example at an elementary pattern of at least two steps of the first waves 38 and at least two steps of the second waves 39.
  • the pitch of the waves 38 and 39 are respectively 340mm and 503mm. If the rectangular sheet metal plate is larger than the cover panel 11, the anchor plates 33 which do not correspond to the edges of the rectangular sheet metal plate support it without being welded thereto.
  • the rectangular sheet metal plates are welded together with a covering to form the sealed membrane over the entire wall of the tank. Thanks to the anchoring plates 33, the metal membrane 5 is reliably retained on the cover panels 11 without it being likely to transfer any tensile stress on the heat-insulating elements 10, since such efforts are taken directly by the anchoring device 20, namely the crosspieces 30 and the couplers 22.
  • the tank has a double wall including two watertight barriers alternating with two insulating barriers.
  • the first wall structure shown in Figure 4 with a second sealed and insulating barrier, disposed either above or below this first wall structure.
  • This second waterproof and insulating barrier can be realized in various ways.
  • the second sealed and insulating barrier is made in the same manner as the first one.
  • the wall structure identical to that of Figure 4 is a secondary barrier of the tank.
  • a primary barrier made in the same way is disposed on the secondary barrier.
  • the elements of the secondary barrier bear the same reference numerals as in Figure 4.
  • Primary barrier elements that are identical or similar to the elements of the secondary barrier bear the same reference numerals increased by the number 100.
  • the primary coupler 122 is each time attached to the end of a secondary coupler 22 underlying.
  • the positions of primary pillars January 12 are chosen to support between the waves of the secondary membrane 5.
  • the primary coupler 122 is fixed to the end of the secondary coupler 22 by passing through the secondary membrane 5 through a perforation thereof.
  • the continuity of the secondary membrane 5 is restored by means of sealed connections, for example an annular flange disposed on the primary coupler 122 above the secondary membrane 5 and whose peripheral edge is welded or bonded to the secondary membrane 5 around the perforation made.
  • FIG. 5 shows a vessel wall whose primary barrier and secondary barrier are identical. Alternatively, one of these two barriers could be made differently from the other.
  • the secondary membrane is not made with the stainless steel sheet but with another less expensive material, for example a composite material comprising a metal sheet bonded to one or more fiberglass mattresses by a polymer binder.
  • This embodiment is particularly suitable for coating the peripheral wall 2 with a waterproof membrane 205 made of low-expansion steel strakes oriented in the vertical direction of the wall, similarly to Figure 5 of FR-A- 2739675, already cited.
  • the heat-insulating element 210 is identical to the heat-insulating element 10. However, on two sides of the heat-insulating element 210 oriented in the vertical direction of the wall, the anchoring plates are removed and the cross-members 230 are modified to allow attachment of an elongated solder support 41 all along the vessel wall in the vertical direction.
  • This welding support 41 is a metal wing whose bent base is inserted into a groove 40 T-shaped section which is formed in the cross 230. This groove 40 is also extended through the cruciform connectors not shown.
  • a metal stringer 42 having two raised edges 43 is each placed on the cover panels 211 of the heat-insulating elements 210 forming a vertical row and continuously welded to the soldering supports 41 arranged on each side, so that the raised edges 43 form sealed bellows deformable in the transverse direction.
  • FIG. 7 schematically shows the membrane 205 thus obtained with two adjacent rows of strakes 42.
  • the strake 42 is simply laid without being welded, so as to slide under the effect of the thermal contraction.
  • a not shown bellows can be placed at the level of the closure of the primary membrane at the top of the peripheral wall 2.
  • the technique described above for making a waterproof and insulating wall can be used in different types of tanks, for example in a land installation or in a floating structure such as a LNG tank or other.
  • a sealed and insulated tank of generally prismatic shape is mounted in the double hull of a methane tanker.
  • the wall of the tank comprises a primary sealed barrier intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the tank, a secondary sealed barrier arranged between the primary waterproof barrier and the double hull of the ship, and two insulating barriers arranged respectively between the sealed barrier. primary and secondary watertight barrier and between the secondary watertight barrier and the double hull.
  • loading / unloading pipes arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of appropriate connectors, to a marine or port terminal to transfer a cargo of LNG to or from the tank.
  • such a marine terminal includes a loading and unloading station, an underwater pipe and an installation on the ground.
  • the loading and unloading station is an off-shore fixed installation comprising a movable arm and a tower that supports the movable arm.
  • the movable arm carries a bundle of insulated flexible hoses that can connect to the loading / unloading lines.
  • the adjustable swivel arm adapts to all LNG carriers.
  • a connection pipe (not shown) extends inside the tower.
  • the loading and unloading station allows the loading and unloading of the LNG carrier from or to the shore facility. This comprises liquefied gas storage tanks and connecting lines connected by the underwater pipe to the loading or unloading station.
  • the underwater pipe allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station and the installation on land over a great distance, for example 5 km, this which makes it possible to keep the LNG ship at a great distance from the coast during the loading and unloading operations.

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Abstract

A wall of a sealed and thermally insulated tank comprises: a multilayer structure comprising a sealing barrier (5) and a thermal insulation barrier (4), retaining rods (22) attached to the bearing wall (7) between the insulating elements and extending through the thickness of the multilayer structure to hold the multilayer structure on the bearing wall, in which crossmembers (30) are attached to the retaining rods (22) so that a crossmember in each instance extends between two retaining rods at the interface between two insulating elements, the cover panels (11) of the insulating elements being connected to the crossmembers (30) so as to be held against the bearing wall by the crossmembers, and the sealing barrier (5) being connected to the crossmembers (30) to be held against the insulating element cover panels by the crossmembers.

Description

CUVE ETANCHE ET THERMIQUE MENT ISOLANTE  SEALED TANK AND THERMAL INSULATING MENT
L'invention se rapporte au domaine des cuves étanches et thermiquement isolées et leurs procédés de fabrication. En particulier, l'invention se rapporte à une cuve terrestre de stockage de gaz liquéfiés et, en particulier, de gaz naturel liquéfié à forte teneur en méthane. The invention relates to the field of sealed tanks and thermally insulated and their manufacturing processes. In particular, the invention relates to a tank for liquefied gas storage and, in particular, liquefied natural gas with a high methane content.
Une telle cuve terrestre est par exemple divulguée dans FR-A-2739675. Il est également connu des cuves de stockage de gaz liquéfiés présentes dans la structure porteuse d'un navire. Une telle cuve de navire est par exemple divulguée dans EP-A-0064886.  Such a tank earth is for example disclosed in FR-A-2739675. It is also known liquefied gas storage tanks present in the carrying structure of a ship. Such a vessel vessel is for example disclosed in EP-A-0064886.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l'invention fournit une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante intégrée dans une structure porteuse pour contenir un fluide, dans laquelle une paroi de la cuve comporte :  According to one embodiment, the invention provides a sealed and thermally insulating tank integrated in a support structure for containing a fluid, in which a wall of the vessel comprises:
une paroi porteuse de la structure porteuse, a supporting wall of the supporting structure,
une structure multicouche comportant une barrière d'étanchéité et une barrière d'isolation thermique disposée entre la barrière d'étanchéité et la paroi porteuse, la barrière d'isolation thermique comportant des éléments calorifuges juxtaposés, un élément calorifuge incluant : a multilayer structure comprising a sealing barrier and a thermal insulation barrier disposed between the sealing barrier and the load-bearing wall, the thermal insulation barrier comprising juxtaposed heat-insulating elements, a heat-insulating element including:
une garniture d'isolation thermique disposée sous la forme d'une couche parallèle à la paroi porteuse,  a thermal insulation lining disposed in the form of a layer parallel to the supporting wall,
des éléments porteurs qui s'élèvent à travers l'épaisseur de la garniture d'isolation thermique pour reprendre les efforts de compression, et  bearing elements which rise through the thickness of the thermal insulation lining to take up compressive forces, and
un panneau de couvercle agencé sur les éléments porteurs et présentant une surface de support parallèle à la paroi porteuse pour supporter la barrière d'étanchéité,  a cover panel arranged on the support members and having a support surface parallel to the supporting wall for supporting the sealing barrier,
et des tiges de retenue attachées à la paroi porteuse entre les éléments calorifuges et s'étendant selon l'épaisseur de la structure multicouche pour retenir la structure multicouche sur la paroi porteuse, and retaining rods attached to the carrier wall between the heat-insulating elements and extending along the thickness of the multilayer structure to retain the multilayer structure on the carrier wall,
dans laquelle des traverses sont attachées aux tiges de retenue de manière qu'une traverse s'étend à chaque fois entre deux tiges de retenue au niveau de l'interface entre deux éléments calorifuges, wherein crosspieces are attached to the retaining rods so that a crossbeam extends between each retaining rods at the interface between two heat insulating elements,
les panneaux de couvercle des éléments calorifuges étant liés aux traverses pour être retenus contre la paroi porteuse par l'intermédiaire des traverses, et la barrière d'étanchéité étant liée aux traverses pour être retenue contre les panneaux de couvercle des éléments calorifuges par l'intermédiaire des traverses. the cover panels of the heat-insulating elements being connected to the crossmembers to be retained against the load-bearing wall via the sleepers, and the sealing barrier being bonded to the sleepers to be retained against the cover panels of the heat insulating elements through the sleepers.
Selon des modes de réalisation, une telle cuve peut comporter en outre une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes.  According to embodiments, such a tank may further comprise one or more of the following characteristics.
Selon un mode de réalisation, une plaque d'ancrage est liée à la traverse de manière à affleurer au niveau du panneau de couvercle d'un élément calorifuge adjacent, la plaque d'ancrage comportant une surface inférieure qui prend appui sur le panneau de couvercle et une surface supérieure sur laquelle la barrière d'étanchéité est posée.  According to one embodiment, an anchor plate is bonded to the cross member so as to be flush with the cover panel of an adjacent insulating member, the anchor plate having a bottom surface which bears on the cover panel and an upper surface on which the sealing barrier is laid.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la plaque d'ancrage fait saillie de part et d'autre de la traverse parallèlement à la paroi porteuse pour coopérer avec les panneaux de couvercle des deux éléments calorifuges entre lesquels la traverse est disposée.  According to one embodiment, the anchor plate protrudes on both sides of the crosspiece parallel to the carrier wall to cooperate with the cover panels of the two heat insulating elements between which the cross is disposed.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la plaque d'ancrage est disposée à mi- distance entre les deux tiges de retenue auxquelles la traverse est attachée.  According to one embodiment, the anchor plate is disposed halfway between the two retaining rods to which the cross member is attached.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la barrière d'étanchéité comporte une membrane métallique présentant des ondulations et des parties planes situées entre les ondulations, les plaques d'ancrage étant réalisées en métal, la membrane métallique étant soudée sur les plaques d'ancrage au niveau des parties planes.  According to one embodiment, the sealing barrier comprises a metal membrane having corrugations and flat portions located between the corrugations, the anchoring plates being made of metal, the metal diaphragm being welded to the anchoring plates at the flat parts.
Selon un mode de réalisation, les tiges de retenues sont disposées de manière à former une pluralité de rangées parallèles sur la paroi porteuse, et dans laquelle les traverses qui s'étendent entre les tiges de retenue d'une rangée portent à chaque fois un support de soudure allongé qui fait saillie perpendiculairement à la paroi porteuse entre les panneaux de couvercle des éléments calorifuges adjacents à la rangée de tiges de retenue,  According to one embodiment, the retaining rods are arranged so as to form a plurality of parallel rows on the supporting wall, and in which the rails which extend between the retaining rods of a row each bear a support. elongated weld projecting perpendicularly to the load-bearing wall between the cover panels of the heat-insulating elements adjacent to the row of retaining rods,
et dans laquelle la barrière d'étanchéité comporte une membrane métallique en acier à faible coefficient de dilatation constituée de bandes de tôles planes disposées sur les panneaux de couvercle des éléments calorifuges et présentant des bords relevés vers l'intérieur de la cuve, les bords relevés des bandes de tôles étant soudés de manière continue sur les supports de soudure allongés pour former des soufflets déformables dans une direction transversale aux supports de soudure allongés. and wherein the sealing barrier comprises a low-expansion steel metal membrane consisting of strips of flat sheets disposed on the cover panels of the heat-insulating elements and having raised edges towards the interior of the tank, the raised edges sheet metal strips being continuously welded to the elongated solder supports to form deformable bellows in a direction transverse to the elongated solder supports.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la structure multicouche constitue une barrière primaire de la cuve, la paroi de cuve comportant en outre une deuxième structure multicouche disposée entre la première structure multicouche et la paroi porteuse, la deuxième structure multicouche comportant une barrière d'étanchéité secondaire et une barrière d'isolation thermique secondaire disposée entre la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire et la paroi porteuse, According to one embodiment, the multilayer structure constitutes a primary barrier of the vessel, the vessel wall further comprising a second multilayer structure disposed between the first multilayer structure and the carrier wall, the second multilayer structure comprising a secondary sealing barrier and a secondary thermal insulation barrier disposed between the secondary sealing barrier and the supporting wall,
et dans laquelle les éléments calorifuges de la barrière primaire sont en appui sur la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire. and in which the heat insulating elements of the primary barrier are resting on the secondary sealing barrier.
Une telle barrière secondaire de la cuve peut être réalisée avec une structure identique à la barrière primaire décrite ci-dessus ou avec une structure différente.  Such a secondary barrier of the tank can be made with a structure identical to the primary barrier described above or with a different structure.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la barrière d'isolation secondaire comporte des éléments calorifuges secondaires juxtaposés, un élément calorifuge secondaire incluant :  According to one embodiment, the secondary insulation barrier comprises juxtaposed secondary heat insulating elements, a secondary heat-insulating element including:
une garniture d'isolation thermique disposée sous la forme d'une couche parallèle à la paroi porteuse,  a thermal insulation lining disposed in the form of a layer parallel to the supporting wall,
des éléments porteurs qui s'élèvent à travers l'épaisseur de la garniture d'isolation thermique pour reprendre les efforts de compression, et  bearing elements which rise through the thickness of the thermal insulation lining to take up compressive forces, and
un panneau de couvercle agencé sur les éléments porteurs et présentant une surface de support parallèle à la paroi porteuse pour supporter la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire,  a cover panel arranged on the carrier members and having a support surface parallel to the carrier wall for supporting the secondary sealing barrier,
et dans laquelle les tiges de retenue attachées à la paroi porteuse s'étendent entre les éléments calorifuges secondaires selon l'épaisseur de la deuxième structure multicouche pour retenir aussi la deuxième structure multicouche sur la paroi porteuse, and in which the retaining rods attached to the carrier wall extend between the secondary heat-insulating elements according to the thickness of the second multilayer structure to also retain the second multilayer structure on the carrier wall,
dans laquelle des traverses secondaires sont attachées aux tiges de retenue de manière qu'une traverse secondaire s'étend à chaque fois entre deux tiges de retenue au niveau de l'interface entre deux éléments calorifuges secondaires, les panneaux de couvercle des éléments calorifuges secondaires étant liés aux traverses secondaires pour être retenus contre la paroi porteuse par l'intermédiaire des traverses secondaires, in which secondary crosspieces are attached to the retaining rods so that a secondary crosspiece in each case extends between two retaining rods at the interface between two secondary heat-insulating elements, the cover panels of the secondary heat-insulating elements being linked to the secondary sleepers to be retained against the load-bearing wall via the secondary sleepers,
et la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire étant liée aux traverses secondaires pour être retenue contre les panneaux de couvercle des éléments calorifuges secondaires par l'intermédiaire des traverses secondaires, and the secondary sealing barrier being bonded to the secondary cross members to be retained against the cover panels of the secondary heat insulating elements through the secondary cross members,
la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire étant traversée par les tiges de retenue attachées à la paroi porteuse et présentant des raccords étanches autour des tiges de retenue. the secondary sealing barrier being traversed by the retaining rods attached to the load-bearing wall and having tight connections around the retaining rods.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation, la structure multicouche constitue une barrière secondaire de la cuve, la paroi de cuve comportant en outre une deuxième structure multicouche disposée sur la première structure multicouche à l'opposé de la paroi porteuse, la deuxième structure multicouche comportant une barrière d'étanchéité primaire et une barrière d'isolation thermique primaire disposée entre la barrière d'étanchéité primaire et la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire.  According to another embodiment, the multilayer structure constitutes a secondary barrier of the vessel, the vessel wall further comprising a second multilayer structure disposed on the first multilayer structure opposite the carrier wall, the second multilayer structure comprising a primary sealing barrier and a primary thermal insulation barrier disposed between the primary sealing barrier and the secondary sealing barrier.
Une telle barrière primaire de la cuve peut être réalisée avec une structure identique à la barrière secondaire décrite ci-dessus ou avec une structure différente.  Such a primary barrier of the tank can be made with a structure identical to the secondary barrier described above or with a different structure.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire est réalisée en matériau composite comportant une feuille métallique et un matelas de fibre de verre lié à la feuille métallique par une résine polymère.  According to one embodiment, the secondary sealing barrier is made of composite material comprising a metal sheet and a fiberglass mat bonded to the metal sheet by a polymer resin.
Selon un mode de réalisation, une tige de retenue porte un connecteur de traverses disposé à un niveau inférieur aux panneaux de couvercle des éléments calorifuges, le connecteur de traverse comportant plusieurs attaches disposées autour de la tige de retenue pour coopérer avec des attaches complémentaires disposées aux extrémités des traverses.  According to one embodiment, a retaining rod carries a tie connector disposed at a lower level than the cover panels of the heat insulating elements, the cross connector having a plurality of fasteners disposed around the retaining rod to cooperate with complementary fasteners disposed at ends of the sleepers.
Selon un mode de réalisation, les attaches du connecteur de traverse sont des prises mâles s'engageant dans des logements ménagés aux extrémités des traverses et retenus dans ces logements par des goupilles.  According to one embodiment, the fasteners of the cross connector are male connectors engaging in housings formed at the ends of the cross members and retained in these housings by pins.
Selon un mode de réalisation, les éléments porteurs comportent des piliers de petite section transversale par rapport aux dimensions de l'élément calorifuge.  According to one embodiment, the support elements comprise pillars of small cross-section with respect to the dimensions of the heat-insulating element.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la garniture d'isolation thermique comporte une matière isolante souple, par exemple de la laine de verre. Selon un mode de réalisation, les éléments porteurs et le panneau de couvercle d'un élément calorifuge sont en bois. Ces matériaux sont relativement faciles à se procurer à peu près partout dans le monde et présentent un coût avantageux. De plus, l'emploi d'une matière souple facilite la construction de la couche isolante dans toutes les zones de la cuve.  According to one embodiment, the thermal insulation lining comprises a flexible insulating material, for example glass wool. According to one embodiment, the load-bearing elements and the cover panel of a heat-insulating element are made of wood. These materials are relatively easy to obtain almost anywhere in the world and are inexpensive. In addition, the use of a flexible material facilitates the construction of the insulating layer in all areas of the tank.
Une telle cuve peut faire partie d'une installation de stockage terrestre, par exemple pour stocker du GNL ou être installée dans une structure flottante, côtière ou en eau profonde, notamment un navire méthanier, une unité flottante de stockage et de regazéification (FSRU), une unité flottante de production et de stockage déporté (FPSO) et autres. Selon un mode de réalisation, la structure porteuse est bâtie sur des fondations fixées à un sol continental ou sous-marin. Selon un mode de réalisation, un navire pour le transport d'un produit liquide froid comporte une double coque et une cuve précitée disposée dans la double coque. Such a tank can be part of a land storage facility, for example to store LNG or be installed in a floating structure, coastal or deep water, including a LNG tank, a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) , a floating unit of production and remote storage (FPSO) and others. According to one embodiment, the support structure is built on foundations fixed to a continental or submarine ground. According to one embodiment, a vessel for the transport of a cold liquid product comprises a double hull and a aforementioned tank disposed in the double hull.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l'invention fournit aussi un procédé de chargement ou déchargement d'un tel navire, dans lequel on achemine un produit liquide froid à travers des canalisations isolées depuis ou vers une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers, ou depuis la cuve du navire.  According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a method for loading or unloading such a vessel, in which a cold liquid product is conveyed through isolated pipes from or to a floating or land storage facility to or from the tank of the ship.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l'invention fournit aussi un système de transfert pour un produit liquide froid, le système comportant le navire précité, des canalisations isolées agencées de manière à relier la cuve installée dans la coque du navire à une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre et une pompe pour entraîner un flux de produit liquide froid à travers les canalisations isolées depuis ou vers l'installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers, ou depuis la cuve du navire.  According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a transfer system for a cold liquid product, the system comprising the abovementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged to connect the vessel installed in the hull of the vessel to a floating storage facility. or terrestrial and a pump for driving a flow of cold liquid product through the insulated pipelines from or to the floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
Une idée à la base de l'invention est de fournir une structure de paroi étanche et isolante à un coût avantageux et présentant un temps de montage réduit.  An idea underlying the invention is to provide a waterproof and insulating wall structure at an advantageous cost and having a reduced assembly time.
Certains aspects de l'invention partent de l'idée de remplir des fonctions essentielles de la paroi de cuve étanche et isolante au moyen de plusieurs éléments structurels découplés, en particulier de prévoir une membrane métallique fine pour assurer la fonction d'étanchéité, une garniture d'isolation thermique pour assurer la fonction d'isolation thermique, une paroi de plancher relativement continue pour supporter la membrane, des éléments porteurs pour reprendre la pression hydrostatique subie par la membrane et la paroi de plancher, et un système d'ancrage de la membrane qui retienne la membrane sur la paroi porteuse sans faire transiter aucun effort de traction à travers la paroi de plancher ou ses éléments porteurs ou la garniture d'isolation thermique. Grâce à un tel découplage entre le système d'ancrage et les éléments calorifuges, ceux-ci peuvent être réalisés sous une forme simple et bon marché, notamment à l'aide d'un isolant souple non structurel comme la laine de verre.  Some aspects of the invention start from the idea of fulfilling essential functions of the sealed and insulating tank wall by means of several decoupled structural elements, in particular to provide a thin metal membrane to ensure the sealing function, a packing of thermal insulation to provide the thermal insulation function, a relatively continuous floor wall for supporting the membrane, supporting elements to take up the hydrostatic pressure experienced by the membrane and the floor wall, and an anchoring system of the membrane which holds the membrane on the carrier wall without passing any tensile force through the floor wall or its supporting elements or the thermal insulation lining. Thanks to such a decoupling between the anchoring system and the heat insulating elements, they can be made in a simple and inexpensive form, in particular using a flexible non-structural insulation such as glass wool.
Certains aspects de l'invention partent de l'idée de réaliser la structure de paroi sous une forme modulaire.  Some aspects of the invention start from the idea of making the wall structure in a modular form.
Certains aspects de l'invention partent de l'idée d'utiliser au maximum des matériaux standards et disponibles partout dans le monde. L'invention sera mieux comprise, et d'autres buts, détails, caractéristiques et avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement au cours de la description suivante de plusieurs modes de réalisation particuliers de l'invention, donnés uniquement à titre illustratif et non limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés. Certain aspects of the invention are based on the idea of making maximum use of standard materials available anywhere in the world. The invention will be better understood, and other objects, details, characteristics and advantages thereof will appear more clearly in the course of the following description of several particular embodiments of the invention, given solely for illustrative and non-limiting purposes. with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Sur ces dessins :  On these drawings:
• La figure 1 est une vue schématique partielle en coupe d'une cuve terrestre de gaz naturel liquéfié.  • Figure 1 is a partial schematic sectional view of a tank of liquefied natural gas.
• La figure 2 est une vue en perspective d'un bloc modulaire pouvant être utilisé dans une barrière isolante de la cuve de la figure 1.  FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a modular block that can be used in an insulating barrier of the tank of FIG. 1.
« La figure 3 est une vue plane de côté du bloc modulaire de la figure 2. FIG. 3 is a side plan view of the modular block of FIG.
• La figure 4 est une vue en perspective écorchée d'une simple paroi étanche et isolante réalisée au moyen du bloc modulaire de la figure 2.FIG. 4 is a cutaway perspective view of a simple insulating and waterproof wall made by means of the modular block of FIG. 2.
• La figure 5 est une vue en perspective écorchée d'une double paroi étanche et isolante réalisée au moyen du bloc modulaire de la figure 2. « La figure 6 est une vue en coupe d'une autre paroi étanche et isolante réalisée au moyen de blocs modulaires. FIG. 5 is a cut-away perspective view of a sealed and insulating double wall made by means of the modular block of FIG. 2. FIG. 6 is a sectional view of another insulating and waterproof wall produced by means of modular blocks.
• La figure 7est une vue en coupe d'une barrière d'étanchéité de la paroi de cuve de la figure 6. En référence à la figure 1 , on a représenté partiellement une cuve terrestre pour le stockage de gaz liquéfié. Une cuve terrestre désigne une cuve dont la structure porteuse 1 est bâtie sur des fondations fixées au sol, qu'il s'agisse du sol continental, de la rive ou d'un sol sous-marin. La structure porteuse 1 peut être construite au-dessus du niveau du sol, ou être partiellement ou totalement enterrée.  FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a sealing barrier of the tank wall of FIG. 6. Referring to FIG. 1, a tank is partially shown for the storage of liquefied gas. A terrestrial tank refers to a vessel whose supporting structure 1 is built on foundations fixed to the ground, be it the continental soil, the shore or an underwater soil. The supporting structure 1 can be built above the ground level, or be partially or completely buried.
La structure porteuse 1 est réalisée en béton et comporte une paroi périphérique 2 avec une géométrie globalement cylindrique et une paroi de fond 3. Par exemple, la paroi périphérique 2 présente une surface extérieure à section circulaire et une surface intérieure à section polygonale.  The supporting structure 1 is made of concrete and comprises a peripheral wall 2 with a generally cylindrical geometry and a bottom wall 3. For example, the peripheral wall 2 has an outer surface with a circular section and an inner surface with a polygonal section.
La surface intérieure 7 de la paroi de fond 3 et de la paroi périphérique 2 est recouverte d'une structure multicouche représentée schématiquement sur la figure 1 , et qui comporte une barrière d'isolation thermique 4 et une membrane d'étanchéité métallique 5, étanche au liquide et au gaz. Le raccordement étanche entre les membranes d'étanchéité 5 de la paroi de fond 3 et de la paroi périphérique 2 est réalisé au moyen d'une cornière métallique 6. En référence aux figures 2 et 3, on décrit maintenant un mode de réalisation de la barrière d'isolation thermique 4. Par convention, on désigne ici par « au-dessus » une position située plus près de l'intérieur de la cuve et « en dessous » une position située plus près de la structure porteuse, indépendamment de l'orientation de la paroi par rapport au champ de gravitation terrestre. The inner surface 7 of the bottom wall 3 and the peripheral wall 2 is covered with a multilayer structure shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1, and which comprises a thermal insulation barrier 4 and a waterproof metal sealing membrane 5 liquid and gas. The sealing connection between the sealing membranes 5 of the bottom wall 3 and of the peripheral wall 2 is produced by means of a metal bracket 6. With reference to FIGS. 2 and 3, an embodiment of the thermal insulation barrier 4 is now described. By convention, here is meant by "above" a position located closer to the inside of the vessel and " below "a position located closer to the supporting structure, regardless of the orientation of the wall relative to the terrestrial gravitational field.
Dans ce mode de réalisation, la barrière d'isolation thermique 4 est réalisée sous la forme d'une pluralité d'éléments calorifuges parallélépipédiques 10 juxtaposés sur la surface intérieure 7, et dont la figure 2 représente un exemplaire.  In this embodiment, the thermal insulation barrier 4 is made in the form of a plurality of parallelepiped heat insulating elements 10 juxtaposed on the inner surface 7, and of which Figure 2 represents a copy.
L'élément calorifuge 10 comporte un panneau de couvercle 1 1 de forme rectangulaire ou carrée et une pluralité de piliers porteurs 12 fixés sur une face inférieure du panneau de couvercle 11 perpendiculairement à celui-ci. Les piliers 12 sont en appui contre la surface 7 de la structure porteuse. Des cales de mastic 13 peuvent être disposées à l'extrémité des piliers 12 appuyée contre la surface intérieure 7 afin de compenser l'irrégularité de niveau de la surface 7 et aligner ainsi les panneaux de couvercle 11 avec une surface théorique présentant une grande précision sur toute l'étendue de la cuve. Cet alignement favorise un soutien uniforme de la membrane d'étanchéité. Les cales de mastic 13 sont destinées à travailler en compression et ne requièrent donc pas des caractéristiques d'adhérence élevées.  The heat insulating element 10 comprises a rectangular or square lid panel 1 1 and a plurality of carrying pillars 12 fixed on a lower face of the lid panel 11 perpendicular to it. The pillars 12 bear against the surface 7 of the supporting structure. Putty shims 13 may be disposed at the end of the pillars 12 against the inner surface 7 in order to compensate for the unevenness of the surface 7 and thus align the cover panels 11 with a theoretical surface having a high accuracy on the whole extent of the tank. This alignment promotes uniform support of the waterproofing membrane. The blocks of mastic 13 are intended to work in compression and therefore do not require high adhesion characteristics.
Les dimensions du panneau de couvercle 11 et des piliers 12 et l'espacement de ceux-ci sont fixées en fonction des exigences de l'application visée, en particulier la pression hydrostatique à reprendre, et des matériaux choisis. Pour une réalisation en bois contreplaqué, on peut par exemple prévoir une épaisseur de 35 mm pour le panneau de couvercle 11 , une section de 60x60mm pour les piliers 12 avec une longueur de l'ordre d'un mètre, et un écart entre deux piliers compris entre 25 et 30cm environ.  The dimensions of the cover panel 11 and the pillars 12 and the spacing thereof are set according to the requirements of the intended application, in particular the hydrostatic pressure to be resumed, and selected materials. For a plywood construction, it is possible, for example, to provide a thickness of 35 mm for the cover panel 11, a section of 60 × 60 mm for the pillars 12 with a length of the order of one meter, and a gap between two pillars. between 25 and 30cm approximately.
Une matière isolante non structurelle du type laine de verre, non représentée dans les figures 2 et 3, est positionnée entre les piliers 12 de manière à former une couche isolante sensiblement continue sur toute l'étendue de la surface intérieure 7 de la structure porteuse et remplir sensiblement tout l'espace 15 entre le panneau de couvercle 11 et la surface intérieure 7.  A non-structural insulating material of the glass wool type, not shown in Figures 2 and 3, is positioned between the pillars 12 so as to form a substantially continuous insulating layer over the entire extent of the inner surface 7 of the supporting structure and filling substantially all the space 15 between the cover panel 11 and the interior surface 7.
Pour retenir l'élément calorifuge 10 sur la structure porteuse, un dispositif d'ancrage 20 forme un cadre tout autour de l'élément calorifuge 10. Le dispositif d'ancrage 20 comporte quatre goujons 21 qui sont fixés à demeure dans la structure porteuse, par exemple scellés ou vissés dans le béton, aux quatre coins de l'élément calorifuge 10. Un goujon 21 porte à chaque fois un coupleur allongé 22 qui s'étend perpendiculairement à la surface 7. In order to retain the heat-insulating element 10 on the supporting structure, an anchoring device 20 forms a frame all around the heat-insulating element 10. The anchoring device 20 comprises four studs 21 which are permanently fixed in the structure carrier, for example sealed or screwed into the concrete, at the four corners of the insulating element 10. A stud 21 each carries an elongate coupler 22 which extends perpendicularly to the surface 7.
Le coupleur 22 comporte à chaque fois successivement une section isolante 23, pour éviter de créer un pont thermique trop élevé avec la structure porteuse, une tige métallique 24 qui s'étend jusqu'au sommet des piliers 12 et un connecteur cruciforme 25 pour attacher des tiges traversières 30. La section isolante 23 est constituée ici de deux plaques de bois 26 allongées, distantes et parallèles qui lient une platine métallique inférieure 27 à une platine métallique supérieure 28 attachée à la tige 24.  The coupler 22 comprises in each case successively an insulating section 23, to avoid creating a too high thermal bridge with the carrier structure, a metal rod 24 which extends to the top of the pillars 12 and a cruciform connector 25 for attaching The insulating section 23 consists here of two elongate, parallel and parallel wooden plates 26 which connect a lower metal plate 27 to an upper metal plate 28 attached to the rod 24.
Le connecteur cruciforme 25 comporte quatre bras qui s'étendent parallèlement au panneau de couvercle 11 au niveau d'un coin 17 du panneau de couvercle. Deux bras longent les deux côtés adjacents du panneau de couvercle 11 au niveau de ce coin 17, et deux autres bras s'étendent à l'opposé pour coopérer avec des éléments calorifuges adjacents.  The cruciform connector 25 has four arms that extend parallel to the cover panel 11 at a corner 17 of the cover panel. Two arms run along the two adjacent sides of the cover panel 11 at this corner 17, and two other arms extend to the opposite to cooperate with adjacent heat insulating elements.
Les tiges traversières 30 sont fixées aux connecteurs 25 de manière qu'une tige traversière 30 s'étend le long de chaque côté du panneau de couvercle 11 , à chaque fois entre deux connecteurs 25 dont les bras s'engagent dans des logements prévues aux deux extrémités de la tige traversière 30. Un dispositif d'attache peut être prévu pour retenir la tige traversière 30 sur le connecteur 25. Dans l'exemple représenté, des perçages 31 dans le bras du connecteur 25 et des perçages correspondants 32 dans l'extrémité de la tige traversière 30 reçoivent des goupilles non représentées pour réaliser cet attachement.  The cross rods 30 are fixed to the connectors 25 so that a transverse rod 30 extends along each side of the lid panel 11, each time between two connectors 25 whose arms engage in housings provided at both ends. ends of the cross rod 30. An attachment device may be provided for retaining the cross rod 30 on the connector 25. In the example shown, holes 31 in the connector arm 25 and corresponding holes 32 in the end of the cross rod 30 receive pins not shown to achieve this attachment.
Les traverses 30 réalisent ainsi un cadre qui entoure le panneau de couvercle 11 et qui est retenu sur la structure porteuse par les coupleurs 22. Les traverses 30 servent à retenir à la fois l'élément calorifuge 10 et la membrane sus- jacente sur la structure porteuse.  The crosspieces 30 thus provide a frame which surrounds the cover panel 11 and which is retained on the supporting structure by the couplers 22. The crosspieces 30 serve to retain both the heat-insulating element 10 and the overlying membrane on the structure carrier.
Pour cela, une traverse 30 porte à chaque fois une plaque d'ancrage 33, située environ en son milieu, qui s'étend parallèlement au panneau de couvercle 11 et affleure précisément au niveau de la surface supérieure 16 du panneau de couvercle 11. La plaque d'ancrage 33 est attachée sur le bord supérieur de la traverse 30 par des vis de fixation 34. La plaque d'ancrage 33 fait saillie de chaque côté de la traverse 30 pour coopérer avec les panneaux de couvercle 11 de deux éléments calorifuges 10 disposés de part et d'autre de la traverse 30. Pour accueillir la portion saillante de la plaque d'ancrage 33, le bord du panneau de couvercle 11 présente à chaque fois un lamage 18 d'épaisseur égale à plaque d'ancrage 33. Comme visible sur la figure 2, l'élément calorifuge 10 est donc retenu sur la structure porteuse par quatre plaques d'ancrage 33 qui coopèrent avec chacun de ses quatre côtés. For this, a crosspiece 30 carries each time an anchor plate 33, located at its middle, which extends parallel to the cover panel 11 and is flush with the level of the upper surface 16 of the cover panel 11. anchor plate 33 is attached to the upper edge of the cross member 30 by fixing screws 34. The anchor plate 33 protrudes on each side of the cross member 30 to cooperate with the cover panels 11 of two heat-insulating elements 10 arranged on either side of the cross-member 30. To accommodate the protruding portion of the anchor plate 33, the edge of the cover panel 11 has in each case a countersink 18 of thickness equal to the anchoring plate 33. As can be seen in FIG. 2, the heat insulating element 10 is therefore retained on the support structure by four anchor plates 33 which cooperate with each of its four sides.
La figure 4 représente la paroi de cuve obtenue après la mise en place de la membrane métallique 5 sur la barrière isolante 4, laquelle est formée en répétant la structure décrite ci-dessus sur toute l'étendue d'une paroi de la cuve, c'est-à-dire en formant un pavage rectangulaire périodique du plan.  FIG. 4 shows the tank wall obtained after placing the metal membrane 5 on the insulating barrier 4, which is formed by repeating the structure described above over the entire extent of a wall of the tank, that is, by forming a periodic rectangular tiling of the plane.
La membrane métallique 5 est ici formée d'une fine tôle d'acier inoxydable présentant un réseau d'ondes 38 et 39 sécantes permettant de lui conférer une élasticité dans toutes les directions du plan. Cette membrane est construite à partir de plaques de tôle rectangulaires qui sont posées sur les panneaux de couvercle 11 des éléments calorifuges 10 juxtaposés, et qui sont soudées sur les plaques d'ancrage 33 au niveau des bords de chaque plaque de tôle rectangulaire. Pour cela, les dimensions des plaques de tôle rectangulaires sont déterminées de manière à correspondre à un nombre entier de dimensions d'un panneau de couvercle 11. De plus, ces dimensions correspondent de préférence à un nombre entier de pas d'onde, par exemple à un motif élémentaire d'au moins deux pas des premières ondes 38 et d'au moins deux pas des deuxièmes ondes 39. Selon un mode de réalisation, les pas des ondes 38 et 39 sont respectivement 340mm et 503mm. Si la plaque de tôle rectangulaire est plus grande que le panneau de couvercle 11 , les plaques d'ancrage 33 qui ne correspondent pas aux bords de la plaque de tôle rectangulaire supportent celle-ci sans y être soudées.  The metal membrane 5 is here formed of a thin stainless steel sheet having a network of 38 and 39 intersecting waves to give it an elasticity in all directions of the plane. This membrane is constructed from rectangular sheet metal plates which are placed on the cover panels 11 juxtaposed heat insulating elements 10, and which are welded to the anchor plates 33 at the edges of each rectangular sheet metal plate. For this, the dimensions of the rectangular sheet metal plates are determined so as to correspond to a whole number of dimensions of a cover panel 11. In addition, these dimensions preferably correspond to an integer number of wave steps, for example at an elementary pattern of at least two steps of the first waves 38 and at least two steps of the second waves 39. According to one embodiment, the pitch of the waves 38 and 39 are respectively 340mm and 503mm. If the rectangular sheet metal plate is larger than the cover panel 11, the anchor plates 33 which do not correspond to the edges of the rectangular sheet metal plate support it without being welded thereto.
Selon la technique connue, les plaques de tôle rectangulaires sont soudées entre elles avec un recouvrement pour former la membrane étanche sur toute la paroi de la cuve. Grâce aux plaques d'ancrage 33, la membrane métallique 5 est retenue de manière fiable sur les panneaux de couvercle 11 sans qu'elle soit susceptible de ne transférer aucun effort de traction sur les éléments calorifuges 10, puisque de tels efforts sont repris directement par le dispositif d'ancrage 20, à savoir les traverses 30 et les coupleurs 22.  According to the known technique, the rectangular sheet metal plates are welded together with a covering to form the sealed membrane over the entire wall of the tank. Thanks to the anchoring plates 33, the metal membrane 5 is reliably retained on the cover panels 11 without it being likely to transfer any tensile stress on the heat-insulating elements 10, since such efforts are taken directly by the anchoring device 20, namely the crosspieces 30 and the couplers 22.
Les étapes de construction de la paroi de cuve ci-dessus sont schématiquement les suivantes : - Traçage du pavage rectangulaire périodique sur la paroi porteuse à recouvrir The steps of construction of the tank wall above are schematically the following: - Tracing periodic rectangular paving on the load-bearing wall to be covered
Mise en place des goujons 21 à chaque nœud du pavage  Placing the studs 21 at each node of the pavement
Installation et réglage en hauteur des coupleurs 22 sur les goujons 21 - Installation des traverses 30 et fixation avec les goupilles  Installation and height adjustment of the couplers 22 on the studs 21 - Installation of the crosspieces 30 and fixing with the pins
Installation des éléments calorifuges 10, obtenus de préférence par préfabrication et incorporant la structure en bois, la garniture de laine de verre et les patins de mastic.  Installation of the heat insulating elements 10, preferably obtained by prefabrication and incorporating the wooden structure, the glass wool filling and the mastic pads.
- Verrouillage des éléments calorifuges 10 par mise en place des plaques d'ancrage 33, fixées au moyen des vis 34 puis d'un point de soudure.  - Locking of the heat insulating elements 10 by placing the anchor plates 33, fixed by means of the screws 34 and a weld spot.
On a décrit ci-dessus une paroi de cuve simple. Dans un autre mode de réalisation, la cuve comporte une double paroi incluant deux barrières étanches alternées avec deux barrières isolantes. Pour cela, une possibilité est de combiner la première structure de paroi représentée sur la figure 4 avec une deuxième barrière étanche et isolante, disposée soit au-dessus, soit en dessous de cette première structure de paroi. Cette deuxième barrière étanche et isolante peut être réalisée de diverses manières.  We have described above a simple tank wall. In another embodiment, the tank has a double wall including two watertight barriers alternating with two insulating barriers. For this, one possibility is to combine the first wall structure shown in Figure 4 with a second sealed and insulating barrier, disposed either above or below this first wall structure. This second waterproof and insulating barrier can be realized in various ways.
Selon un mode de réalisation représenté sur la figure 5, la deuxième barrière étanche et isolante est réalisée de la même manière que la première. Sur la figure 5, la structure de paroi identique à celle de la figure 4 constitue une barrière secondaire de la cuve. Une barrière primaire réalisée de la même manière est disposée sur la barrière secondaire. Les éléments de la barrière secondaire portent les mêmes chiffres de référence que sur la figure 4. Les éléments de la barrière primaire qui sont identiques ou analogues aux éléments de la barrière secondaire portent les mêmes chiffres de référence augmentés du nombre 100.  According to an embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the second sealed and insulating barrier is made in the same manner as the first one. In Figure 5, the wall structure identical to that of Figure 4 is a secondary barrier of the tank. A primary barrier made in the same way is disposed on the secondary barrier. The elements of the secondary barrier bear the same reference numerals as in Figure 4. Primary barrier elements that are identical or similar to the elements of the secondary barrier bear the same reference numerals increased by the number 100.
On note que le coupleur primaire 122 est à chaque fois fixé à l'extrémité d'un coupleur secondaire 22 sous-jacent. Les positions de piliers primaires 1 12 sont choisies pour appuyer entre les ondes de la membrane secondaire 5. Le coupleur primaire 122 est fixé à l'extrémité du coupleur secondaire 22 en traversant la membrane secondaire 5 à travers une perforation de celle-ci. La continuité de la membrane secondaire 5 est rétablie au moyen de raccords étanches, par exemple une collerette annulaire disposée sur le coupleur primaire 122 au-dessus de la membrane secondaire 5 et dont le bord périphérique est soudé ou collé sur la membrane secondaire 5 tout autour de la perforation réalisée. Note that the primary coupler 122 is each time attached to the end of a secondary coupler 22 underlying. The positions of primary pillars January 12 are chosen to support between the waves of the secondary membrane 5. The primary coupler 122 is fixed to the end of the secondary coupler 22 by passing through the secondary membrane 5 through a perforation thereof. The continuity of the secondary membrane 5 is restored by means of sealed connections, for example an annular flange disposed on the primary coupler 122 above the secondary membrane 5 and whose peripheral edge is welded or bonded to the secondary membrane 5 around the perforation made.
On a représenté sur la figure 5 une paroi de cuve dont la barrière primaire et la barrière secondaire sont réalisées de manière identique. En variante, l'une de ces deux barrières pourrait être réalisée différemment de l'autre. Dans une variante de réalisation la membrane secondaire n'est pas réalisée avec la tôle d'acier inoxydable mais avec un autre matériau moins onéreux, par exemple en un matériau composite comprenant une feuille métallique liée à un ou plusieurs matelas de fibres de verre par un liant polymère.  FIG. 5 shows a vessel wall whose primary barrier and secondary barrier are identical. Alternatively, one of these two barriers could be made differently from the other. In an alternative embodiment the secondary membrane is not made with the stainless steel sheet but with another less expensive material, for example a composite material comprising a metal sheet bonded to one or more fiberglass mattresses by a polymer binder.
En référence aux figures 6 et 7, on va maintenant décrire un autre mode de réalisation de la paroi de cuve. Les éléments analogues ou identiques à ceux des figures 2 à 4 portent le même chiffre de référence augmenté de 200.  Referring to Figures 6 and 7, there will now be described another embodiment of the vessel wall. Elements similar or identical to those of Figures 2 to 4 bear the same reference numeral increased by 200.
Ce mode de réalisation convient en particulier pour revêtir la paroi périphérique 2 avec une membrane étanche 205 fabriquée en virures d'acier à faible coefficient de dilatation orientées dans la direction verticale de la paroi, de manière similaire à la figure 5 de FR-A-2739675, déjà cité.  This embodiment is particularly suitable for coating the peripheral wall 2 with a waterproof membrane 205 made of low-expansion steel strakes oriented in the vertical direction of the wall, similarly to Figure 5 of FR-A- 2739675, already cited.
Pour cela, l'élément calorifuge 210 est réalisé identiquement à l'élément calorifuge 10. Toutefois, sur deux côtés de l'élément calorifuge 210 orientés dans la direction verticale de la paroi, les plaques d'ancrage sont supprimées et les traverses 230 sont modifiées pour permettre d'attacher un support de soudure allongé 41 tout le long de la paroi de cuve dans le sens vertical. Ce support de soudure 41 est une aile métallique dont la base coudée est insérée dans une rainure 40 à section en forme de T qui est ménagée dans la traverse 230. Cette rainure 40 est aussi prolongée à travers les connecteurs cruciformes non représentés.  For this, the heat-insulating element 210 is identical to the heat-insulating element 10. However, on two sides of the heat-insulating element 210 oriented in the vertical direction of the wall, the anchoring plates are removed and the cross-members 230 are modified to allow attachment of an elongated solder support 41 all along the vessel wall in the vertical direction. This welding support 41 is a metal wing whose bent base is inserted into a groove 40 T-shaped section which is formed in the cross 230. This groove 40 is also extended through the cruciform connectors not shown.
Une virure métallique 42 présentant deux bords relevés 43 est à chaque fois posée sur les panneaux de couvercle 211 des éléments calorifuges 210 formant une rangée verticale et soudée de manière continue aux support de soudure 41 disposés de chaque côté, de sorte que les bords relevés 43 forment des soufflets étanches déformables dans la direction transversale. La figure 7 montre schématiquement la membrane 205 ainsi obtenue avec deux rangées adjacentes de virures 42.  A metal stringer 42 having two raised edges 43 is each placed on the cover panels 211 of the heat-insulating elements 210 forming a vertical row and continuously welded to the soldering supports 41 arranged on each side, so that the raised edges 43 form sealed bellows deformable in the transverse direction. FIG. 7 schematically shows the membrane 205 thus obtained with two adjacent rows of strakes 42.
Sur les plaques d'ancrage (non représentées) qui subsistent au niveau des bords horizontaux des panneaux de couvercle 211 , la virure 42 est simplement posée sans y être soudée, de manière à pouvoir coulisser sous l'effet de la contraction thermique. Pour rattraper la contraction thermique dans la direction verticale, un soufflet non représenté peut être placé au niveau de la fermeture de la membrane primaire tout en haut de la paroi périphérique 2. On the anchoring plates (not shown) which remain at the horizontal edges of the cover panels 211, the strake 42 is simply laid without being welded, so as to slide under the effect of the thermal contraction. To compensate for the thermal contraction in the vertical direction, a not shown bellows can be placed at the level of the closure of the primary membrane at the top of the peripheral wall 2.
La technique décrite ci-dessus pour réaliser une paroi étanche et isolante peut être utilisée dans différents types de réservoirs, par exemple dans une installation terrestre ou dans un ouvrage flottant comme un navire méthanier ou autre.  The technique described above for making a waterproof and insulating wall can be used in different types of tanks, for example in a land installation or in a floating structure such as a LNG tank or other.
Selon un mode de réalisation correspondant, une cuve étanche et isolée de forme générale prismatique est montée dans la double coque d'un navire méthanier. La paroi de la cuve comporte une barrière étanche primaire destinée à être en contact avec le GNL contenu dans la cuve, une barrière étanche secondaire agencée entre la barrière étanche primaire et la double coque du navire, et deux barrières isolante agencées respectivement entre la barrière étanche primaire et la barrière étanche secondaire et entre la barrière étanche secondaire et la double coque.  According to a corresponding embodiment, a sealed and insulated tank of generally prismatic shape is mounted in the double hull of a methane tanker. The wall of the tank comprises a primary sealed barrier intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the tank, a secondary sealed barrier arranged between the primary waterproof barrier and the double hull of the ship, and two insulating barriers arranged respectively between the sealed barrier. primary and secondary watertight barrier and between the secondary watertight barrier and the double hull.
De manière connue en soi, des canalisations de chargement/déchargement disposées sur le pont supérieur du navire peuvent être raccordées, au moyen de connecteurs appropriées, à un terminal maritime ou portuaire pour transférer une cargaison de GNL depuis ou vers la cuve.  In a manner known per se, loading / unloading pipes arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of appropriate connectors, to a marine or port terminal to transfer a cargo of LNG to or from the tank.
Par exemple un tel terminal maritime comporte un poste de chargement et de déchargement, une conduite sous-marine et une installation à terre. Le poste de chargement et de déchargement est une installation fixe off-shore comportant un bras mobile et une tour qui supporte le bras mobile. Le bras mobile porte un faisceau de tuyaux flexibles isolés pouvant se connecter aux canalisations de chargement/déchargement. Le bras mobile orientable s'adapte à tous les gabarits de méthaniers. Une conduite de liaison non représentée s'étend à l'intérieur de la tour. Le poste de chargement et de déchargement permet le chargement et le déchargement du méthanier depuis ou vers l'installation à terre. Celle-ci comporte des cuves de stockage de gaz liquéfié et des conduites de liaison reliées par la conduite sous-marine au poste de chargement ou de déchargement. La conduite sous-marine permet le transfert du gaz liquéfié entre le poste de chargement ou de déchargement et l'installation à terre sur une grande distance, par exemple 5 km, ce qui permet de garder le navire méthanier à grande distance de la côte pendant les opérations de chargement et de déchargement. For example, such a marine terminal includes a loading and unloading station, an underwater pipe and an installation on the ground. The loading and unloading station is an off-shore fixed installation comprising a movable arm and a tower that supports the movable arm. The movable arm carries a bundle of insulated flexible hoses that can connect to the loading / unloading lines. The adjustable swivel arm adapts to all LNG carriers. A connection pipe (not shown) extends inside the tower. The loading and unloading station allows the loading and unloading of the LNG carrier from or to the shore facility. This comprises liquefied gas storage tanks and connecting lines connected by the underwater pipe to the loading or unloading station. The underwater pipe allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station and the installation on land over a great distance, for example 5 km, this which makes it possible to keep the LNG ship at a great distance from the coast during the loading and unloading operations.
Pour engendrer la pression nécessaire au transfert du gaz liquéfié, on met en œuvre des pompes embarquées dans le navire et/ou des pompes équipant l'installation à terre et/ou des pompes équipant le poste de chargement et de déchargement.  To generate the pressure necessary for the transfer of the liquefied gas, it implements pumps embedded in the ship and / or pumps equipping the installation on land and / or pumps equipping the loading and unloading station.
Bien que l'invention ait été décrite en liaison avec plusieurs modes de réalisation particuliers, il est bien évident qu'elle n'y est nullement limitée et qu'elle comprend tous les équivalents techniques des moyens décrits ainsi que leurs combinaisons si celles-ci entrent dans le cadre de l'invention.  Although the invention has been described in connection with several particular embodiments, it is obvious that it is not limited thereto and that it comprises all the technical equivalents of the means described and their combinations if they are within the scope of the invention.
L'usage du verbe « comporter », « comprendre » ou « inclure » et de ses formes conjuguées n'exclut pas la présence d'autres éléments ou d'autres étapes que ceux énoncés dans une revendication. L'usage de l'article indéfini « un » ou « une » pour un élément ou une étape n'exclut pas, sauf mention contraire, la présence d'une pluralité de tels éléments ou étapes.  The use of the verb "to include", "to understand" or "to include" and its conjugated forms does not exclude the presence of other elements or steps other than those set out in a claim. The use of the indefinite article "a" or "an" for an element or a step does not exclude, unless otherwise stated, the presence of a plurality of such elements or steps.
Dans les revendications, tout signe de référence entre parenthèses ne saurait être interprété comme une limitation de la revendication.  In the claims, any reference sign in parentheses can not be interpreted as a limitation of the claim.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante intégrée dans une structure porteuse (1 ) pour contenir un fluide, dans laquelle une paroi de la cuve comporte : 1. Sealed and thermally insulating vessel integrated into a carrier structure (1) for containing a fluid, in which a wall of the vessel comprises:
une paroi porteuse (2, 3) de la structure porteuse, a supporting wall (2, 3) of the supporting structure,
une structure multicouche comportant une barrière d'étanchéité (5, 105, 205) et une barrière d'isolation thermique (4, 104) disposée entre la barrière d'étanchéité et la paroi porteuse, la barrière d'isolation thermique comportant des éléments calorifuges juxtaposés (10, 1 10, 210), un élément calorifuge incluant : a multilayer structure comprising a sealing barrier (5, 105, 205) and a thermal insulation barrier (4, 104) disposed between the sealing barrier and the supporting wall, the thermal insulation barrier comprising heat-insulating elements juxtaposed (10, 1, 10, 210), a heat insulating element including:
une garniture d'isolation thermique disposée sous la forme d'une couche parallèle à la paroi porteuse,  a thermal insulation lining disposed in the form of a layer parallel to the supporting wall,
des éléments porteurs (12, 112, 212) qui s'élèvent à travers l'épaisseur de la garniture d'isolation thermique pour reprendre les efforts de compression, et un panneau de couvercle (1 1 , 111 , 211 ) agencé sur les éléments porteurs et présentant une surface de support (16) parallèle à la paroi porteuse pour supporter la barrière d'étanchéité,  bearing elements (12, 112, 212) which rise through the thickness of the thermal insulation lining to take up compressive forces, and a cover panel (11, 111, 211) arranged on the elements carriers and having a support surface (16) parallel to the carrier wall for supporting the sealing barrier,
et des tiges de retenue (22, 122, 222) attachées à la paroi porteuse entre les éléments calorifuges et s'étendant selon l'épaisseur de la structure multicouche pour retenir la structure multicouche sur la paroi porteuse, and retaining rods (22, 122, 222) attached to the carrier wall between the heat-insulating elements and extending along the thickness of the multilayer structure to retain the multilayer structure on the carrier wall,
dans laquelle des traverses (30, 130, 230) sont attachées aux tiges de retenue (22, 122, 222) de manière qu'une traverse s'étend à chaque fois entre deux tiges de retenue au niveau de l'interface entre deux éléments calorifuges, wherein crosspieces (30, 130, 230) are attached to the retaining rods (22, 122, 222) so that a crossbeam extends between each retaining rods at the interface between two elements insulating,
caractérisé par le fait que : characterized by the fact that:
une plaque d'ancrage (33, 133) est disposée au droit de l'interface entre deux éléments calorifuges, liée à la traverse (30, 130) de manière à affleurer au niveau du panneau de couvercle (11 , 111 ) d'un élément calorifuge adjacent, la plaque d'ancrage comportant une surface inférieure qui prend appui sur un bord du panneau de couvercle et une surface supérieure sur laquelle la barrière d'étanchéité (5, 105) est posée, de sorte que an anchor plate (33, 133) is arranged at the interface between two heat-insulating elements, connected to the cross-member (30, 130) so as to be flush with the cover panel (11, 111) of a adjacent insulating element, the anchor plate having a lower surface which bears on an edge of the cover panel and an upper surface on which the sealing barrier (5, 105) is laid, so that
le panneau de couvercle ( 1 , 111 , 211 ) de l'éléments calorifuge est lié à la traverse (30, 130, 230) par la plaque d'ancrage pour être retenu contre la paroi porteuse par l'intermédiaire de la traverse, the cover panel (1, 111, 211) of the heat-insulating element is connected to the cross-member (30, 130, 230) by the anchor plate so as to be retained against the carrier wall via the cross-member,
et que la barrière d'étanchéité (5, 105, 205) est liée à la traverse (30, 130, 230) par la plaque d'ancrage pour être retenue contre les panneaux de couvercle de l'élément calorifuge par l'intermédiaire de la traverse. and that the sealing barrier (5, 105, 205) is connected to the cross member (30, 130, 230) by the anchor plate to be retained against the cover panels of the insulating element through the cross member.
2. Cuve selon la revendication 1 , dans laquelle la plaque d'ancrage (33, 133) fait saillie de part et d'autre de la traverse (30, 130) parallèlement à la paroi porteuse pour coopérer avec les panneaux de couvercle (1 1 , 1 11 ) des deux éléments calorifuges entre lesquels la traverse est disposée.  2. Tank according to claim 1, wherein the anchor plate (33, 133) projects from either side of the cross member (30, 130) parallel to the carrier wall to cooperate with the cover panels (1). 1, 1 11) of the two heat-insulating elements between which the cross-member is disposed.
3. Cuve selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans laquelle la plaque d'ancrage (33, 133) est disposée à mi-distance entre les deux tiges de retenue (22, 122) auxquelles la traverse est attachée.  3. Tank according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the anchor plate (33, 133) is disposed midway between the two retaining rods (22, 122) to which the cross is attached.
4. Cuve selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, dans laquelle la barrière d'étanchéité (5, 105) comporte une membrane métallique présentant des ondulations et des parties planes situées entre les ondulations, les plaques d'ancrage (33, 133) étant réalisées en métal, la membrane métallique étant soudée sur les plaques d'ancrage au niveau des parties planes.  4. Tank according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the sealing barrier (5, 105) comprises a metal membrane having corrugations and flat portions between the undulations, the anchor plates (33, 133 ) being made of metal, the metal membrane being welded to the anchor plates at the plane portions.
5. Cuve selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, dans laquelle les tiges de retenues (222) sont disposées de manière à former une pluralité de rangées parallèles sur la paroi porteuse, et dans laquelle les traverses (230) qui s'étendent entre les tiges de retenue d'une rangée portent à chaque fois un support de soudure allongé (41 ) qui fait saillie perpendiculairement à la paroi porteuse entre les panneaux de couvercle (21 1 ) des éléments calorifuges(210) adjacents à la rangée de tiges de retenue,  5. Tank according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the retaining rods (222) are arranged to form a plurality of parallel rows on the carrier wall, and wherein the cross members (230) extending between the retaining rods of a row each bear an elongate welding support (41) which protrudes perpendicularly to the load-bearing wall between the cover panels (21 1) of the heat-insulating elements (210) adjacent to the row of rods restraint,
et dans laquelle la barrière d'étanchéité (205) comporte une membrane métallique en acier à faible coefficient de dilatation constituée de bandes de tôles planes (42) disposées sur les panneaux de couvercle (21 1 ) des éléments calorifuges et présentant des bords (43) relevés vers l'intérieur de la cuve, les bords relevés des bandes de tôles étant soudés de manière continue sur les supports de soudure allongés pour former des soufflets déformables dans une direction transversale aux supports de soudure allongés. and wherein the sealing barrier (205) comprises a low expansion coefficient steel metal membrane consisting of flat sheet strips (42) disposed on the cover panels (21 1) of the heat-insulating elements and having edges (43). ) raised inwardly of the vessel, the raised edges of the sheet metal strips being continuously welded to the elongate weld supports to form deformable bellows in a direction transverse to the elongated weld supports.
6. Cuve selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, dans laquelle la structure multicouche (104, 105) constitue une barrière primaire de la cuve, la paroi de cuve comportant en outre une deuxième structure multicouche (4, 5) disposée entre la première structure multicouche (104, 105) et la paroi porteuse, la deuxième structure multicouche (4, 5) comportant une barrière d'étanchéité secondaire et une barrière d'isolation thermique secondaire disposée entre la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire et la paroi porteuse, 6. Tank according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the multilayer structure (104, 105) is a primary barrier of the vessel, the vessel wall further comprising a second multilayer structure (4, 5) disposed between the first multilayer structure (104, 105) and the supporting wall, the second multilayer structure (4, 5) having a secondary sealing barrier and a secondary thermal insulation barrier disposed between the sealing barrier secondary and the supporting wall,
et dans laquelle les éléments calorifuges(104) de la barrière primaire sont en appui sur la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire. and in which the heat insulating elements (104) of the primary barrier are resting on the secondary sealing barrier.
7. Cuve selon la revendication 6, dans laquelle la barrière d'isolation secondaire(4, 5) comporte des éléments calorifuges secondaire (10) juxtaposés, un élément calorifuge secondaire incluant :  The vessel of claim 6, wherein the secondary insulation barrier (4, 5) comprises secondary heat insulating elements (10) juxtaposed, a secondary heat insulating element including:
une garniture d'isolation thermique disposée sous la forme d'une couche parallèle à la paroi porteuse,  a thermal insulation lining disposed in the form of a layer parallel to the supporting wall,
des éléments porteurs (12) qui s'élèvent à travers l'épaisseur de la garniture d'isolation thermique pour reprendre les efforts de compression, et un panneau de couvercle (11 ) agencé sur les éléments porteurs et présentant une surface de support parallèle à la paroi porteuse pour supporter la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire,  bearing members (12) which rise through the thickness of the thermal insulation liner to take up the compressive forces, and a cover panel (11) arranged on the load-bearing members and having a support surface parallel to the the supporting wall for supporting the secondary sealing barrier,
et dans laquelle les tiges de retenue (22) attachées à la paroi porteuse (2, 3) s'étendent entre les éléments calorifuges secondaires (10) selon l'épaisseur de la deuxième structure multicouche pour retenir aussi la deuxième structure multicouche sur la paroi porteuse, and wherein the retaining rods (22) attached to the carrier wall (2, 3) extend between the secondary heat-insulating elements (10) according to the thickness of the second multilayer structure to also retain the second multilayer structure on the wall carrier,
dans laquelle des traverses secondaires (30) sont attachées aux tiges de retenue de manière qu'une traverse secondaire s'étend à chaque fois entre deux tiges de retenue au niveau de l'interface entre deux éléments calorifuges secondaires (10), les panneaux de couvercle (11 ) des éléments calorifuges secondaires étant liés aux traverses secondaires (30) pour être retenus contre la paroi porteuse par l'intermédiaire des traverses secondaires, in which secondary crosspieces (30) are attached to the retaining rods so that a secondary crosspiece in each case extends between two retaining rods at the interface between two secondary heat-insulating elements (10); cover (11) of the secondary heat insulating elements being connected to the secondary crosspieces (30) to be retained against the carrier wall via the secondary crosspieces,
et la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire (5) étant liée aux traverses secondaires (30) pour être retenue contre les panneaux de couvercle des éléments calorifuges secondaires par l'intermédiaire des traverses secondaires, and the secondary sealing barrier (5) being bonded to the secondary crosspieces (30) to be retained against the cover panels of the secondary heat insulating elements via the secondary crosspieces,
la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire (5) étant traversée par les tiges de retenue (22, 122) attachées à la paroi porteuse et présentant des raccords étanches autour des tiges de retenue. the secondary sealing barrier (5) is traversed by the retaining rods (22, 122) attached to the supporting wall and having sealing connections around the retaining rods.
8. Cuve selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3,dans laquelle la structure multicouche (4, 5) constitue une barrière secondaire de la cuve, la paroi de cuve comportant en outre une deuxième structure multicouche disposée sur la première structure multicouche (4, 5) à l'opposé de la paroi porteuse, la deuxième structure multicouche comportant une barrière d'étanchéité primaire (105) et une barrière d'isolation thermique primaire (106) disposée entre la barrière d'étanchéité primaire et la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire. 8. Tank according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the multilayer structure (4, 5) is a secondary barrier of the vessel, the vessel wall further comprising a second multilayer structure disposed on the first multilayer structure (4). , 5) opposite the load-bearing wall, the second multilayer structure comprising a primary sealing barrier (105) and a primary thermal insulation barrier (106) disposed between the primary sealing barrier and the secondary sealing barrier.
9. Cuve selon la revendication 7 ou 8, dans laquelle la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire (5) est réalisée en matériau composite comportant une feuille métallique et un matelas de fibre de verre lié à la feuille métallique par une résine polymère.  9. A vessel according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the secondary sealing barrier (5) is made of composite material comprising a metal sheet and a fiberglass mat bonded to the metal sheet by a polymer resin.
10. Cuve selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9,dans laquelle une tige de retenue (22, 122, 222) porte un connecteur de traverses (25, 125) disposé à un niveau inférieur aux panneaux de couvercle (11 , 111 , 211 ) des éléments calorifuges, le connecteur de traverse comportant plusieurs attaches disposées autour de la tige de retenue pour coopérer avec des attaches complémentaires disposées aux extrémités des traverses (30, 130, 230).  Tank according to one of Claims 1 to 9, in which a retaining rod (22, 122, 222) carries a cross connector (25, 125) arranged at a lower level than the cover panels (11, 111, 211) heat insulating elements, the cross connector having a plurality of fasteners disposed around the retaining pin to cooperate with complementary fasteners disposed at the ends of the cross members (30, 130, 230).
11. Cuve selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, dans laquelle les éléments porteurs (12, 112, 212) comportent des piliers de petite section transversale par rapport aux dimensions de l'élément calorifuge.  11. Tank according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the carrier elements (12, 112, 212) comprise pillars of small cross section relative to the dimensions of the heat insulating element.
12. Cuve selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11 , dans laquelle la garniture d'isolation thermique comporte une matière isolante souple.  12. Tank according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the heat-insulating lining comprises a flexible insulating material.
13. Cuve selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, dans laquelle les éléments porteurs (12, 112, 212) et le panneau de couvercle (11 , 111 , 211 ) d'un élément calorifuge sont en bois.  13. Tank according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the carrier elements (12, 112, 212) and the cover panel (11, 111, 211) of a heat insulating element are wood.
14. Cuve selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, dans laquelle la structure porteuse (1 ) est bâtie sur des fondations fixées à un sol continental ou sous-marin.  14. Tank according to one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the carrier structure (1) is built on foundations attached to a continental or submarine soil.
15. Navire pour le transport d'un produit liquide froid, le navire comportant une double coque et une cuve selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13 disposée dans la double coque, la double coque formant la structure porteuse de la cuve.  15. Ship for the transport of a cold liquid product, the vessel having a double hull and a vessel according to one of claims 1 to 13 disposed in the double hull, the double hull forming the carrying structure of the vessel.
16. Procédé d'utilisation d'un navire selon la revendication 15, dans lequel on achemine un produit liquide froid à travers des canalisations isolées depuis ou vers une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers ou depuis la cuve du navire pour effectuer le chargement ou le déchargement du navire.  16. The method of using a ship according to claim 15, wherein a cold liquid product is conveyed through insulated pipes to or from a floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel for loading or the unloading of the ship.
17. Système de transfert pour un produit liquide froid, le système comportant un navire selon la revendication 15, des canalisations isolées agencées de manière à relier la cuve installée dans la coque du navire à une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre et une pompe pour entraîner un flux de produit liquide froid à travers les canalisations isolées depuis ou vers l'installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers ou depuis la cuve du navire. 17. Transfer system for a cold liquid product, the system comprising a ship according to claim 15, isolated pipelines arranged in order to connect the vessel installed in the hull of the vessel to a floating or ground storage facility and a pump for driving a flow of cold liquid product through the insulated pipelines from or to the floating or land storage facility to or from the tank of the ship.
EP13730032.3A 2012-06-11 2013-06-04 Sealed and thermally insulating tank Active EP2859267B1 (en)

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WO2023198637A1 (en) 2022-04-15 2023-10-19 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Wall for a leaktight and thermally insulating vessel
FR3134571A1 (en) 2022-04-15 2023-10-20 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Wall for a waterproof and thermally insulating tank
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SG11201408072SA (en) 2015-01-29
PH12014502705A1 (en) 2015-02-02
ES2604824T3 (en) 2017-03-09
WO2013186458A2 (en) 2013-12-19
KR20150028250A (en) 2015-03-13
TWI576531B (en) 2017-04-01
EP2859267B1 (en) 2016-08-31
BR112014030805A2 (en) 2017-06-27
CN104428576B (en) 2016-04-06
PT2859267T (en) 2016-12-01
CA2875378C (en) 2020-07-07
HRP20161468T1 (en) 2016-12-30
AU2013276386A1 (en) 2015-01-15
AU2013276386B2 (en) 2015-02-19
KR102096506B1 (en) 2020-05-27
PL2859267T3 (en) 2017-02-28
IN2014MN02402A (en) 2015-08-21
BR112014030805B1 (en) 2021-07-13
TW201408922A (en) 2014-03-01
US9360159B2 (en) 2016-06-07
WO2013186458A3 (en) 2014-03-06
CN104428576A (en) 2015-03-18
MY189278A (en) 2022-01-31
LT2859267T (en) 2016-11-25
CA2875378A1 (en) 2013-12-19
FR2991748A1 (en) 2013-12-13
US20150167894A1 (en) 2015-06-18
PH12014502705B1 (en) 2015-02-02
RU2014147842A (en) 2016-08-10
RU2623335C2 (en) 2017-06-23
FR2991748B1 (en) 2015-02-20
AR091248A1 (en) 2015-01-21

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