EP2857108B1 - Device and method for machining soil or roadways - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device and a method for processing floors or roadways according to the preamble of claim 1 bzw.13.

The generic term is based on a state of the art as he, for example, from the EP 960 239 B1 or the EP 1 396 581 A2 is known.

The known devices for processing of soils or roadways, eg soil stabilizer or recycler are provided with a work roll, breaks up the soil or roads and mixed. In the case of hard roads made of asphalt or concrete, these are milled. The work roll is surrounded by a bell-shaped roll housing which encloses the working space of the work roll, this working space serves as a mixing space for mixing the processed soil material with an injection, eg hydraulic or bituminous binders (foamed bitumen, emulsions or suspensions) or with water. Alternatively, binders (eg cement or lime) can also be applied to the soil before the soil stabilizer / recycler.

In other tillage machines, such as road milling machines or surface miners, a sprayer may be provided to cool the bits.

The spraying means are sprayed into the working space by means of a spraying device fastened to the roller housing, wherein several outlet nozzles of the spraying device are arranged on the roller housing in the working space.

In the known sprayers, the problem arises that the spraying can be introduced unevenly over the working width of the work roll in the working space, especially if only a small volume of spraying is required and / or the work roll with the spraying device has a bank to the horizontal. In the case of a bank, there is a pressure gradient along the spraying device, so that a different flow rate emerges at the individual outlet nozzles.

The known outlet nozzles can only be switched on or off via a tappet-like closing element or perform a cleaning function with the aid of the closing element. The cleaning function is expedient because the processed material mixed with binders or water can push into the outlet nozzles even at a high spray pressure or accumulate in the area in front of the outlet nozzle. In particular, after a standstill of the machine there is a risk that the outlet nozzles are contaminated by caked or hardened or dried, processed material from the working space ago and clogged, whereby the spray power is reduced or even completely prevented.

It has been considered to influence the flow rate at the outlet nozzles with ball valves, throttle valves or with iris diaphragms, in order to ensure a uniform application of binders and / or water. However, sufficient reliability of these systems due to their sensitivity to thermal expansion and bonding of the moving parts, for example by solidified bitumen is not given. In addition, there are problems due to the increased space requirements and difficulties with the associated drive devices, as well as the complicated automation of these proposed solutions.

The US 5,707,010 describes a nozzle for producing a spray in which an injection fluid exits via a nozzle channel through a first opening which is coaxially surrounded by an annular second opening in order to achieve atomization of the injection liquid. For this purpose compressed air is supplied via a connection.

In this valve-like designed nebulizer nozzle, a high-frequency reciprocating needle is arranged, the tip of which can open or close the injection fluid opening in two end positions.

The invention is therefore an object of the invention to improve an apparatus and a method for processing soils and roads with directed into the working space outlet nozzles of a sprayer to the effect that over a selectable working width uniform application of a spraying agent even with different flow rates, different spraying and different Banks of the device is enabled.

To solve this problem serve the features of claim 1 and 13, respectively.

The invention advantageously provides that a control activates the closing devices, wherein the outlet nozzles and the associated closing elements are adapted to one another such that the flow cross-section in the outlet nozzle in dependence on the position of the closing element in a predetermined path between the open position and the closed position is variable. The proposed solution has the advantage that only by the mutual adaptation and interpretation of the geometry of the closing element and / or the outlet nozzle of the current flow area can be changed depending on the position of the closing element, without additional elements are necessary. The variable setting of the closing elements has the advantage that, at low flow rates, the pressure at the individual outlet nozzles is maintained becomes. A particular advantage of the variable flow cross-section when using binders is that due to the design of the outlet nozzles and / or the closing element, the outlet nozzles can not be clogged with binder and can hinder the function of the closing element.

In this case, all outlet nozzles in.dividuell be individually or jointly controllable and also controllable.

According to the state of the art EP 1 396 581 A2 known cleaning function and the possibility of selective shutdown of certain outlet nozzles stay preserved. Further advantages are that the solution generates no increased space requirement, meets high demands on the dosing accuracy and, for example, for a large flow rate range between near 0 to 1000 l / min is used. The solution can be used both for sprayers for foam bitumen and for water, emulsions and suspensions. Finally, the solution has the advantage of being insensitive to temperature fluctuations, the range of application reaching up to 200 ° C.

According to the invention, it is provided that the control positions the closing elements of the individual outlet nozzles in identical or individually different intermediate positions. The controller can thus automatically compensate for different pressure conditions at the individual outlet nozzles or selectively switch off certain outlet nozzles.

The control of the nozzles can be done, for example, depending on the volume flow, or in dependence on the pressure in the spray or in dependence of the bank.

The part of the closing element which cooperates with the outlet nozzle and / or the outlet nozzle can form a decreasing flow cross section between the closing element and the outlet nozzle in the direction of an increasing advancing movement of the closing element to the closed position. The flow rate control thus takes place solely on the interaction between the position of the closing element and the geometry of the outlet nozzle and / or the closing element.

The closing element is preferably movable and positionable coaxially with the nozzle channel of the outlet nozzle.

The closing element can eg from a piston rod coupled to a path measuring device drive means, such as a piston-cylinder unit or a linear motor, an electric motor, a spindle drive or the like. be drivable whose position measurement signal can be supplied to the controller to control the current position of the closing element via a control signal for the piston-cylinder unit.

In a preferred embodiment, the outlet nozzle may have a nozzle geometry which, depending on the position of the closing element with increasing delivery of the closing element between the open position in which the nozzle cross section is fully released, and the closed position in which the nozzle cross section is completely closed, a decreasing Flow cross-section between the closing element and the outlet nozzle generated by an intermediate position of the closing element.

For this purpose, the nozzle channel of the outlet nozzle on the inlet side may have a first section extending up to the closing position of the closing element, the nozzle cross-section of which narrows conically in the direction of flow of the outlet nozzle.

Alternatively, the outlet nozzle may have on the inlet side a first section extending up to the closing position of the closing element, the outer wall of which has at least one recess which can be acted upon by the spraying means.

The width of the recess may change in the closing direction of the closing element, preferably reduce.

Alternatively, the closing element, preferably with a constant nozzle cross-section at the end facing the outlet nozzle, may have a preferably conically or step-shaped tapered first section, which is adjoined by a second section adapted to the nozzle cross-section.

The controller can control or regulate the flow area of all the discharge nozzles or each individual discharge nozzle depending on the currently desired flow rate and / or the currently used spraying agent and / or the bank of the spraying device and / or the pressure in the spray bar.

In the method according to the invention for working floors or roadways with a device having a work roll and at least one parallel to the work roll extending spray with several juxtaposed, directed to the work roll outlet nozzles for spraying, eg binders, water, emulsions, suspensions or foamed bitumen, wherein the nozzle channel of the outlet nozzles released in an open position during processing of the floors or lanes and in a closed position is closed at the end of processing or to adapt to an active width of the work roll, it is provided that the closing means for the outlet nozzles can be controlled during operation, wherein the closing elements of the individual outlet nozzles are positioned between the open position and the closed position in the same or different intermediate positions , And the closing elements with the respective nozzle cross-sections in the respective intermediate positions cooperate such that a variable selectable flow cross-section for the outlet nozzle n is set as a function of the position of the closing elements.

In this case, the flow cross section of each individual outlet nozzle or several outlet nozzles can be controlled or regulated as a function of the currently desired flow rate and / or the currently used spraying agent and / or the bank of the spraying device and / or the pressure in the spraying device.

A variable flow area between the closing element and the outlet nozzle can be generated by the interaction of the geometry of the outlet nozzle with the position of the closing element.

The control can trigger an additional movement of the closing element beyond the closed position with which accumulations of material in and / or in front of the outlet nozzle can be eliminated.

In particular, it can be provided that the outlet nozzle is arranged on a line or on an injection chamber, wherein the hydraulic or bituminous binder or water can be fed transversely to the outlet nozzle. The closing element traverses the line or the injection chamber for closing or cleaning the outlet nozzle and is guided coaxially to the outlet nozzle.

Fig. 1

eine Straßenbaumaschine,

Fig. 2

den Arbeitsraum einer Arbeitswalze unter einem Walzengehäuse mit Sprüheinrichtung,

Fig. 3a bis 3c

grundsätzliche Schaltstellungen des Schließelementes,

Fig.4a und 4b

eine Austrittsdüse mit einem anfangs konischen Düsenkanal,

Fign. 5a bis 5c

Austrittsdüsen mit einem Düsenkanal mit konstantem Querschnitt in drei unterschiedlichen Ausführungsformen,

Fig. 6

ein Schließelement mit veränderter Spitzengeometrie, und

Fig. 7

ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Austrittsdüse für Schaumbitume.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings.
Show it:

Fig. 1

a road construction machine,

Fig. 2

the working space of a work roll under a roll housing with spraying device,

Fig. 3a to 3c

basic switching positions of the closing element,

4a and 4b

an outlet nozzle with an initially conical nozzle channel,

FIGS. 5a to 5c

Outlet nozzles with a nozzle channel with a constant cross-section in three different embodiments,

Fig. 6

a closure element with modified tip geometry, and

Fig. 7

an embodiment of an outlet nozzle for Schaumbitume.

Fig. 1 shows a self-propelled device for working lanes, in particular a cold recycler or a soil stabilizer, with a supported by wheels 2 machine frame 1 and consisting of a cab 3 control station. The wheels 2 may be driven individually and may alternatively be replaced by chain drives.

Below the machine frame 1, a work roll 4 is arranged in a roll housing 8, which limits the working space 6 of the work roll 4 upwards and to the sides. A detailed description of in Fig. 1 shown road construction machine is the WO-A96 / 24725 refer to.

The roller housing 8 has at the top of a spray 10, with the example, binder or water with a plurality of preferably side by side arranged outlet nozzles 12 in the working space 6 and on the work roll 4 can be injected.

The binder may consist of hydraulic or bituminous binders, and for mixtures of hydraulic binders and water from suspensions, e.g. Water-cement suspension, or in mixtures of bituminous binders with water from emulsions. Furthermore, foam bitumen can be injected via the outlet nozzles 12, wherein liquid bitumen heated to produce foamed bitumen is mixed with cold water. As a result, the bitumen foams up, whereby the original volume of the components increases approximately 20-fold.

The sprayer 10 receives the binder or water via a conduit 14, which may be a loop. The binding agent or the water flows transversely to the outlet nozzle 12. The outlet nozzle 12, which is fastened to the line 14, is directed into the working space 6 and arranged in a recess of the roll housing 8 adapted to the outlet nozzle 12. The tools 16 of the work roll have a cutting circle, which may have a relatively small distance from the roll housing 8, for example, about 50 mm. For each outlet nozzle 12, a closing device 18 is provided which consists of a piston-cylinder unit 20 whose piston rod forms or drives a closing element 22 for the outlet nozzle 12. The controllable for example by a control locking device 18 is variably adjustable. In an open position of the closing element 22 (FIG. Fig. 3a ), the outlet nozzle is completely released. In the closed position ( Fig. 3b ), the outlet nozzle 12 is closed, so that no binder or water can escape at this outlet nozzle 12. In addition, no processed material 24 mixed with binders or water can penetrate into the nozzle channel 26 of the outlet nozzle 12 from the working space 6. Between the open position and the closed position, the controller can set any intermediate positions in order to variably adapt the flow cross section through the outlet nozzle to the current working conditions. In a special function, the closing element 22 can also be transferred into a cleaning position, which is beyond the closed position.

The working space 6 facing the tip of the closing element 22 terminates at the working space 6 facing the end of the nozzle channel 26 and is preferably recessed relative to the working space 6 facing lateral surface 9 of the roller housing 8 to avoid damage to the closing element 22 during operation.

Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of an outlet nozzle 12 at its nozzle inlet opening 28, which has a first portion 27 which conically narrows in the flow direction, and a downstream in the flow direction second portion 29 having a nozzle channel 26 with a constant cross-section.

Depending on the position of the cylindrical closing element 22, if the closing element 22 is located in the region of the outlet nozzle 12, a different flow cross-section results as a function of the variable position of the closing element 22.

It is understood that in a modification of the embodiment of Fig. 4 Another narrowing cross-sectional shape of the first portion 27 is possible in which the nozzle cross-section of the nozzle channel does not narrow steadily.

The FIGS. 5a to 5c show another embodiment of the outlet nozzle 22, wherein the nozzle channel 26 preferably has a non-variable cross section and further preferably is cylindrical.

In general, the embodiments relate to the FIGS. 5a to 5c an embodiment in which in the first portion 27 of the outlet nozzle 12 is at least one recess 31 which may have different shapes.

In the embodiment of Fig. 5a has first section 27 a cross-sectionally a basically hollow cylindrical wall, wherein the recess 31 in the embodiment of Fig. 5a forms about half of a hollow cylinder. It is understood that the recess 31 may also have a smaller or larger circumference, or that a plurality of recesses 31 may be arranged in the generally hollow cylindrical first portion 27.

The embodiment of Fig. 5b shows a first portion 27 of the outlet nozzle 12, in which the recess 31 tapers in the direction of flow of the outlet nozzle 12. Also in this embodiment, a plurality of such V-shaped recesses 31 may be distributed on the circumference of the first section.

In the embodiment of the Fig. 5c the first section 27 of the outlet nozzle 12 has an initially generally hollow cylindrical shape, wherein one or more circular recesses 31 may be arranged in the hollow cylinder forming the section 27.

Finally, differently shaped recesses in all embodiments of Fig. 4 to 5 c be provided.

It is understood that the first portion 27 of the outlet nozzle 12 is mounted such that the recesses are acted upon from the outside with the fluid pressure of the injection.

In principle, it is also possible, the design of the first section 27 according to Fig. 4 with the design of the embodiments of FIGS. 5a to 5c to combine.

Accordingly, in all embodiments, the nozzle cross section can be varied depending on the position of the closing element 22.

Fig. 6 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of an outlet nozzle 12, in which the closing element 22 has a first outlet nozzle 12 facing portion 21 which has a smaller cross-sectional area than the cross-sectional area of the nozzle channel 26, while the second portion 23, in the flow direction of the outlet nozzle 12 behind the first Section 21 follows, is exactly adapted to the cross section of the nozzle channel 26 in order to close the nozzle channel 26 can.

The section 21 may also have a continuously varying cross-sectional area, e.g. a conically tapering tip of the closing element 22.

Again, the closing element 22 can be controlled in an intermediate position between the open position and the closed position of the controller 11 such that an altered nozzle cross-section is adjustable.

The embodiment of Fig. 6 with a tapering towards the tip closing element 22 is also with the embodiments of Fig. 4 and 5 combined.

For all embodiments of the FIGS. 4 to 6 It is true that the controller 11 can control the closing elements 22 such that the flow cross-section in the outlet nozzle 12 can be varied as a function of the position of the closing element 22.

In this case, several outlet nozzles can be controlled in the same way or individually by the controller.

The closing element 22 can in another in Fig. 3c shown switching position in which the closing element 22 is moved beyond an additional stroke of the closing element 22 beyond the closed position, eliminate material accumulations of the processed material 24 in and / or in front of the outlet nozzle 12.

Fig. 7 shows an embodiment of a spray bitumen spraying device 10 with a mixing device 36. The mixing device 36 has an expansion chamber 38 in which hot bitumen supplied via a bitumen injection nozzle 40 is miscible with water or with water and air to produce foam bitumen. In the Fig. 7 expansion chamber 38 consists of a mixing chamber 42 and an injection chamber 44 connected to the mixing chamber 42, wherein the outlet nozzle 12 and the associated closing device 18 are arranged on the injection chamber 44. The hot bitumen is supplied via a ring line 15, wherein one of a controllable drive means actuated valve stem 46, the nozzle inlet opening of the bitumen injection nozzle 40 can close or release. Water or water and air can be supplied via one or two ports 41 of the mixing chamber 42.

The mixing device 36 may be surrounded by a heating device 48, which prevent hardening of the bitumen during operation. The closing element 22 of the closing device 18 traverses the injection chamber 44 for closing or cleaning the outlet nozzle 12.

It is understood that other controllable by the controller drive devices such as electric motors, linear drives or the like. Can be used.

Claims (14)

1. Device for working ground surfaces or roadways, comprising a machine frame (1) on which a working drum (4) is arranged within a drum housing (8), wherein at least one spraying device (10), extending parallel to the working drum and comprising a plurality of outlet nozzles (12) for spraying agents arranged next to one another and directed towards the working drum, is arranged at the drum housing (8), wherein the outlet nozzles (12) each comprise one drivable closing mechanism (18) with a closing element (22) which, in an open position, fully uncovers the nozzle channel (26) of the outlet nozzle (12) and, in a closed position, closes the nozzle channel (26),
   characterized in that
   a controller (11) drives the closing mechanisms (18), with the outlet nozzles (12) and the related closing elements (22) being adapted to one another in such a fashion that the flow cross-section in the outlet nozzle (12) is variable in accordance with the position of the closing element (22) on a specified path between the open position and closed position, and
   that the closing elements (22) of the individual outlet nozzles are positionable by the controller (11) in identical or individually different intermediate positions.
2. Device in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the part of the closing element (22) interacting with the outlet nozzle (12) and/or the outlet nozzle (12), in the direction of an increasing positioning movement of the closing element (22) towards the closed position, form a decreasing flow cross-section between the closing element (22) and the outlet nozzle (12).
3. Device in accordance with claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the closing element (22) is movable and positionable coaxially to the nozzle channel of the outlet nozzle (12).
4. Device in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the outlet nozzle (12) comprises a nozzle geometry which, in accordance with the position of the closing element (22), with an increasing positioning movement of the closing element between the open position and the closed position, creates a decreasing flow cross-section between the closing element and the outlet nozzle.
5. Device in accordance with any one claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the closing element is drivable by a driving device coupled with a displacement measuring device, the measured displacement signal of which can be supplied to the controller in order to control the current position of the closing element via an actuation signal for the driving device.
6. Device in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the controller is adapted to trigger an additional movement of the closing element (22) beyond the closed position which is effective to remove material accumulations in and/or in front of the outlet nozzle (12).
7. Device in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the nozzle channel (26) of the outlet nozzle (12) comprises, on the inlet side, a first section (27) extending up to the closed position of the closing element (22), the nozzle cross-section of which narrows preferably conically in the direction of flow of the outlet nozzle (12), or that the closing element (22), at the end facing toward the outlet nozzle (12), comprises a section (21) tapering preferably conically which is followed by a section (23) adapted to the nozzle cross-section for closing the outlet nozzle (12).
8. Device in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the outlet nozzle (12), on the inlet side, comprises a first section (27) extending up to the closed position of the closing element (22), the outer wall of which comprises at least one cut-out (31) suitable to have the spraying agent applied on it.
9. Device in accordance with claim 8, characterized in that the width of the cut-out (31) changes in the closing direction of the closing element (22).
10. Device in accordance with claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the nozzle channel of the outlet nozzle (12) has a constant nozzle cross-section.
11. Device in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the controller controls or regulates the flow cross-section of each individual outlet nozzle or of a plurality of outlet nozzles jointly in accordance with the currently specified flow rate and/or the currently used spraying agent and/or the transverse slope of the spraying device and/or the pressure in the spraying device.
12. Method for working ground surfaces or roadways, comprising a device with a working drum (4) and at least one spraying device (10) extending parallel to the working drum and comprising a plurality outlet nozzles (12) for spraying agents arranged next to one another and directed towards the working drum, wherein the nozzle channel of the outlet nozzles (12) is fully uncovered by a closing mechanism (18) in an open position when working the ground surfaces or roadways, and is closed in a closed position at the termination of the working operation or for adjustment to an active width of the working drum,
    characterized by
    driving the closing mechanisms (18) during the working operation, wherein the closing elements (22) of the outlet nozzles, between the open position and the closed position, can be positioned in identical or different intermediate positions and wherein the closing elements interact with the respective nozzle cross-sections in the respective intermediate positions in such a fashion that a variably selectable flow cross-section for each outlet nozzle is adjusted in accordance with the position of the closing elements.
13. Method in accordance with claim 12, characterized in that the flow cross-section of a plurality of outlet nozzles or each individual outlet nozzle is controlled or regulated in accordance with the currently specified flow rate and/or the currently used spraying agent and/or the transverse slope of the spraying device and/or the pressure in the spraying device.
14. Method in accordance with claim 12 or 13, characterized in that a variable flow cross-section between the closing element and the outlet nozzle is generated by the interaction of the geometry of the outlet nozzle with the position of the closing element.

Images