EP2856274A1

EP2856274A1 - Gear-changing device

Info

Publication number: EP2856274A1
Application number: EP12780638.8A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Stefan Koller
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2012-05-25
Filing date: 2012-10-22
Publication date: 2015-04-08
Also published as: CH706559A2; WO2013173932A1

Abstract

A gear-changing device (1), in particular a gear-changing device (1) for a gear-change mechanism, comprises a gear-changing lever (100) and a gear-changing lever guide (200), wherein the gear-changing lever (100) is mounted movably on the gear-changing lever guide (200) and is movable between a neutral position and at least one first gear-changing position. In the first gear-changing position, the gear-changing lever (100) is subjected to a return force which returns the gear-changing lever (100) into the neutral position, wherein the return force is realized in the form of a magnetic force. A gear-changing device (1) which, because of the contact-free transmission of force, is both particularly aesthetic and also highly robust during operation is thus provided.

Description

switching device

Technical area

The invention relates to a switching device with a shift lever and a shift lever guide, wherein the shift lever is movably mounted on the shift lever guide and between a neutral position and at least a first shift position is movable and wherein the shift lever is acted upon in the first shift position with a restoring force, which the shift lever in returns the neutral position. State of the art

Switching devices are known in the art from a variety of applications and variations. Their main use is typically in the fields of mechanics, electrical engineering, etc. In mechanics, such switching devices serve, for example, to switch between different modes of mechanical devices and toys. For example, shifting devices may be used to switch between different gears of a bicycle gearbox, a power drill, a lathe drive, etc. Further, a switching device between states such as open / closed doors, lids, etc. may be used. In electrical engineering, switching devices, for example in the form of rockers, toggles, rotary switches, etc., are used as two-stage switches, such as light switches, circuit breakers, changeover switches (eg, alternating current / direct current, etc.) or as multistage switches (forward, neutral, etc .) And the like used.

The known switching devices have the disadvantage that they are not very ergonomic in operation and not sufficiently simple and robust.

Presentation of the invention

The object of the invention is to provide a switching device belonging to the aforementioned technical field, which is particularly ergonomic in operation and robust in operation. The solution of the problem is defined by the features of claim 1. According to the invention, the restoring force is realized as a magnetic force.

By realizing the restoring force as a magnetic force, a particularly simple and robust switching device is achieved. The provision of the switching device in the neutral position is thus not a classic mechanical element, such as a torsion spring, a tension spring or the like, but on magnetic effect. The magnetic effect has opposite springs respectively resilient Elements the advantage that little or no material fatigue occurs through intensive use. The provision of the switching device is thus always reliable even with frequent use. An adjustment of the restoring force by fatigue in a spring, which may be necessary, for example, by changing the total length of the spring, is unnecessary when using a magnet. Further, so that the return of the switching device can be achieved without additional moving parts, which on the one hand the return robust and on the other hand, the structure of the feedback function is particularly easy to reach. Compared to the use of springs there is no significant risk of corrosion. Also, jamming, for example, by pollution, can thus be largely avoided.

Not least, the return of the switching device in the neutral position by means of magnetic force is also a particularly aesthetic solution, since the user / viewer of the switching device is not able to recognize the type of feedback immediately. Furthermore, the force effect in the operation is particularly ergonomic, since this is done without contact between the shift lever and the shift lever guide and thus subject to only low friction. The feedback is also jerk-free, especially since the switching device manages without stop for the shift lever in the neutral position. In addition, the switching device can thus be constructed very compact.

The magnet is preferably a commercially available permanent magnet or permanent magnet. These usually consist of metallic alloys of iron, nickel, aluminum with additives of cobalt, manganese and copper, or with additions of barium, or strontium hexaferrite. Furthermore, magnets made of bismanol, that is, of iron, bismuth and manganese can be used. Preferably, however, strong magnets made of samarium cobalt or neodymium-iron-boron are used, especially for higher-quality shifter. The use of a permanent magnet has several advantages. Especially since the cost of the shift lever can be kept low by the commercial availability. Further, unlike the electromagnets, no power supply is needed.

Preferably, the shift lever comprises a first magnet and the shift lever guide comprises a second magnet, wherein in the neutral position, a distance between the first Magnet and the second magnet is smaller than in the first switching position. This achieves optimum force. The effective area of the magnet can thus be kept low, so that a compact lever can be constructed. In order to keep the shift lever in the neutral position opposite poles of the two magnets face each other in the neutral position, so that an attraction between the two magnets prevails.

In order to optimize a return to the neutral position, a repulsion magnet can be provided in the first switching position, which with the same pole facing the first magnet of the shift lever in the first switching position to repel it in the direction of the neutral position. This allows longer switching paths between the neutral position and the first switching position to be bridged. Preferably, the repulsion magnet is arranged so fixed relative to the shift lever guide, that the repelling force is oriented to the first magnet in the first switching position at least partially in the direction of the neutral position, that is, in particular not oriented at right angles to this direction of movement.

Preferably, the distance of the repulsive magnet to the second magnet is greater than the distance between the first and the second magnet in the first switching position, but preferably arranged close to the first magnet in the first switching position of the shift lever. This ensures that the repulsion magnet in the first switching position drives the shift lever back to the neutral position.

Alternatively, the distance of the repulsive magnet to the second magnet may also be slightly smaller than the distance between the first and the second magnet in the first switching position. Thus, the shift lever can be locked in the first switching position. In contrast, the first and the second magnet can be arranged at right angles to the direction of movement, but also in any other way, for example in the direction of movement, etc., relative to one another.

In variants, only the shift lever or the shift lever guide may include a magnet while correspondingly the shift lever guide or the shift lever a magnetic element, for example, an iron element or the like. Further, in the first switching position, a distance between the first and second magnets may also be smaller than in the neutral position, especially when the two magnets face each other with the same pole. In the latter case, the shift lever would be held in the neutral position by a repulsive force.

Preferably, a magnetic element is arranged adjacent to the first and the second magnet in the direction of movement of the second and the first magnet, respectively. The magnetic element is preferably made of nickel, iron, cobalt, ferrite or an alloy thereof. Alternatively, the magnetic element may also be formed as a permanent magnet, but which exerts a smaller force on the first magnet than the second magnet, so that the shift lever does not catch on the magnetic element. By this additional magnetic element, a greater distance between the first switching position and the neutral position can be bridged.

Alternatively, the magnetic element may also be dispensed with, in particular if a distance between the first switching position and the neutral position is sufficiently small or the first and the second magnet are sufficiently strong. If the lever is a pivotable lever, a larger lever travel can also be achieved by placing the magnets close to the pivot axis of the lever (see below). Preferably, the shift lever is rotatably supported about a rotation axis of the shift lever guide and pivotable about the rotation axis between the neutral position and the first shift position. For a particularly simple design switching device is achieved. In particular, thus a switching device can be created, which is subject to a relatively small friction and thus additionally robust in operation. The shift lever itself may for this purpose comprise the axis of rotation and be guided within a bearing, for example a ball bearing of the shift lever guide. Alternatively, the axis of rotation may also be formed on the shift lever guide, wherein the shift lever comprises a corresponding opening as a bearing for the axis of rotation. In variants, the shift lever can also be designed as a linearly displaceable lever, which is guided, for example, in a rail. The person skilled in the art is also aware of other possible embodiments.

Preferably, the shift lever is additionally movable between the neutral position and a second shift position, wherein the neutral position is between the first and the second shift position. By the third position of the shift lever, the application of the switching device can be additionally increased. In particular, in this embodiment, the switching device may be formed, for example, as an incremental switching device, wherein upon actuation of the shift lever from the neutral position to the first shift position is incremented by one stage and decremented by pressing the shift lever from the neutral position to the second shift position by one stage. This application is preferable to use in discrete functions such as a discrete counter, a gear shift of a bicycle, motorcycle, car, etc., and the like. In variants, the second switching position can also be dispensed with.

Preferably, the shift lever comprises a rotatably mounted on the axis of rotation base plate and the base plate a pivotable on a pivot axis actuating lever, wherein the axis of rotation and the pivot axis are mutually parallel and spaced. Furthermore, an actuating element is preferably rotatably mounted on the axis of rotation. Preferably, the actuating element can be actuated in a pivoted state of the actuating lever and can not be actuated in a neutral position of the actuating lever.

The actuating lever and the actuating element are designed such that by actuation of the actuating lever, the actuating element can be actuated. The actuator is typically connected to the device to be actuated, such as a gearshift. Thus, the actuator may comprise, for example, a shaft for a Bowden cable. On the other hand, only - or additionally - the rotational position of the actuating element electronically, z. B. inductively detected and further processed. Therefore, it is advantageous if the actuating element a Includes rotational inhibition, so that the set by the shift lever position of the actuator can not change automatically by vibration and the like (see below). The shift lever is advantageously not fixedly connected to the actuating element, so that the actuating lever can operate on the principle of a ratchet or ratchet. However, the switching device can be designed such that the actuating lever can be coupled as a switchable operating mode, as in the ratchets, also with the actuating element. Thus, a gear shift can be created, which manages without mechanical coupling of the shift lever to the transmission. The actuating lever does not necessarily pivotally mounted on the base plate, but may for example also be linearly displaceable. In this case, for actuating the actuating element, the actuating lever could initially be pressed in the direction of the axis of rotation and then pivoted about the axis of rotation. Next, the switching device could also be configured such that the actuating lever is pivotable about an axis perpendicular to the axis of rotation, so that the operating lever initially pivoted in a plane parallel to the axis of rotation and then pivoted at right angles to the axis of rotation. The skilled person are also known to other variants.

Characterized in that, however, the actuating lever is pivotally mounted on the base plate, a particularly ergonomic switching device is created, since the user only has to pivot the actuating element about the axis of rotation. Of course, the actuating lever is pivoted about the pivot axis about the pivot axis during pivoting, but this deflection is small in relation to the overall movement and thus does not form the main movement. Preferably, the actuating element is designed as a gear with a plurality of teeth and the actuating lever is designed and arranged such that it engages in a pivoted state in a first rotational direction substantially tangentially between two teeth of the gear, whereby by subsequent movement of the shift lever in the first direction of rotation of the gear the axis of rotation is rotatable. The term gear is hereinafter generally understood to be a rotatable about the axis of rotation element, in which a pawl can engage in such a form-fitting, so that the rotation of the element about the axis of rotation influenced, ie inhibited by a pawl respectively incremented and / or decremented via the actuating lever can. For example, a gear may be suitable for use with ratchets, ratchet wheels or anti-rotation devices. However, the gear is particularly preferably a spur gear with a straight toothing. In certain applications it may be advantageous if the gearing is not uniform. In this case, adjacent teeth may have different distances from each other. The use of a gear has the advantage that the actuation of the actuating element, ie the gear can be done in a robust manner by the positive cooperation with the actuating lever.

Preferably, the actuating element is acted upon by a rotational inhibition, which is designed in particular as a Hemmklinke mechanism with engaging in teeth of a Hemmzahnrades pawl. The rotational inhibition can be formed on the one hand on a separate arranged on the axis of rotation and coupled to the gear Hemmzahnrad - on the other hand, the actuating element designed as a gearwheel can also be formed as Hemmzahnrad. The formation of a separate to the actuator Hemmungsahns has the advantage that the positions of the actuator can be defined by the rotation inhibition, for example, the tooth spacing are chosen differently or the distances of adjacent teeth over the circumference are not constant. Such a design of the switching device is particularly advantageous in bicycle circuits, which comprise a controlled via a Bowden cable derailleur. The pawl can be designed in various ways. For example, the pawl may be formed as a pivot lever with a tooth engaging in the toothing of the toothed wheel. But also a linearly displaceably mounted pin is conceivable, which preferably can engage substantially radially with a tooth in the toothing of the gear. It is also conceivable that more than one pawl is provided. In variants, instead of the gear and a wheel may be provided, which can be rotated upon actuation of the actuating lever via frictional engagement in a rotational direction. The rotation inhibition can also be realized otherwise, for example also via frictional engagement. Preferably, the pawl is subjected to a pawl magnetic force, whereby the pawl can be transferred from an engagement position in which the pawl engages in the Hemmzahnrad in a loose position, or from a loose position into an engagement position in which the pawl engages the Hemmzahnrad , Thus, in turn, a particularly simple return of the pawl is achieved from a first position to a second position, wherein in the first position, the pawl both engage in the Hemmzahnrad or can not intervene and in the second position, the corresponding other position is taken. By implementing the latch magnetic force, a particularly simple and robust design of rotational inhibition is further achieved, wherein in turn the use of a classical mechanical element, such as a torsion spring, a tension spring or the like, can be dispensed with. The magnetic effect has the advantage over springs or resilient elements or other mechanical elements that no or little material fatigue occurs through intensive use. The provision of the pawl is thus reliable even with frequent use. An adjustment by fatigue in a spring, which may be necessary for example by changing the total length of the spring, is unnecessary when using a magnet. Next, so that the return of the pawl can be achieved without additional moving parts, which on the one hand, the return is robust and on the other hand, the structure of the rotational inhibition is particularly easy to reach. Compared to the use of springs there is no significant risk of corrosion. Also, jamming, for example, by pollution, can thus be largely avoided.

The transfer of the pawl between the first and the second position by means of the pawl magnetic force is also a particularly aesthetic solution, since the user / viewer of the switching device, the type of transfer of the pawl not on Immediately to recognize. In addition, the rotational inhibition can thus be constructed very compact. Finally, noise emissions can be largely prevented.

For the realization of the latch magnetic force, a commercially available permanent magnet or permanent magnet is preferably used. These usually consist of metallic alloys of iron, nickel, aluminum with additives of cobalt, manganese and copper, or with additions of barium, or strontium hexaferrite. Furthermore, magnets made of bismanol, ie iron, bismuth and manganese can also be used. Preferably, however, strong magnets made of samarium cobalt or neodymium-iron-boron are used, in particular for higher-quality rotational inhibitions. The use of a permanent magnet has several advantages. Especially since the cost of the operating lever can be kept low by the commercial availability. Further, unlike the electromagnets, no power supply is needed.

Last but not least, it should be mentioned that a rotational inhibition can be achieved by the ratchet magnetic force, which together with the magnetically realized restoring force results in a uniform construction method and thus also a uniform, appealing overall picture. It is clear that above-described rotation inhibition with the latch magnetic force can also be provided detached from the provision of the restoring force with a magnet. That is, the rotation inhibition can also be used for movements, Ratschschlüssel and the like. The person skilled in the art, the applications for such rotation inhibition familiar.

In Variaten the transfer of the pawl between two positions can be achieved with one or more resilient elements.

Preferably, the actuating lever is designed such that it engages in a pivoted state in a second, opposite to the first direction of rotation, substantially tangentially between two teeth of the gear, whereby by subsequent movement of the shift lever in the second direction of rotation, the gear is rotatable about the axis of rotation. Preferably, the actuating lever in the region in which it can engage in the gear, symmetrical, in particular substantially as a fork two prongs, trained. This is achieved in a particularly simple manner, a second actuation direction for the switching device, so that it can be used for any applications, which, for. B. require both an increment as well as a decrement. In variants can be dispensed with the possibility of actuation in the second direction of rotation.

Preferably, the actuating lever with a return force, in particular a agnetrückführkraft from a pivoted state in the neutral position can be transferred. This in turn achieves a particularly simple return of the actuating lever from a pivoted state to the neutral position. By realizing the restoring force as a magnetic force is further achieved a particularly simple design and robust design of the operating lever. The provision of the actuating lever in the neutral position is thus not a classic mechanical element, such as a tension spring, a torsion spring or the like, but via magnetic action. The magnetic effect has the advantage over springs or resilient elements or other mechanical elements that no or little material fatigue occurs through intensive use. The provision of the actuating lever is thus reliable even with frequent use. An adjustment of the return force by fatigue in a spring, which may be necessary, for example, by a changing total length of the spring, is unnecessary when using a magnet. Next, so that the return of the operating lever can be achieved without additional moving parts, which on the one hand the return robust and on the other hand, the structure of the feedback function is particularly easy to reach. Compared to the use of springs there is no significant risk of corrosion. Also, jamming, for example, by pollution, can thus be largely avoided.

Not least, the return of the operating lever in the neutral position by means of magnetic force is also a particularly aesthetic solution, since the user / viewer of the switching device is not able to recognize the nature of the return of the operating lever in the neutral position immediately. In addition, the switching device so special be compact. Finally, an actuation of the actuating lever largely without noise emissions and jerk-free, since no mechanical stop is provided and no deformation of resilient elements is necessary.

For the realization of the magnetic return force, a commercially available permanent magnet or permanent magnet is preferably used. These usually consist of metallic alloys of iron, nickel, aluminum with additives of cobalt, manganese and copper, or with additions of barium, or strontium hexaferrite. Furthermore, magnets made of bismanol, ie iron, bismuth and manganese can also be used. Preferably, however, strong magnets made of samarium cobalt or neodymium-iron-boron are used, especially for higher-quality switching devices. The use of a permanent magnet has several advantages. Especially since the cost of the operating lever can be kept low by the commercial availability. Further, unlike the electromagnets, no power supply is needed.

Not least, it should be mentioned that by the realization of the return of the actuating lever with a Magnetetrückführkraft a circuit device can be achieved, which together with the magnetically realized restoring force results in a uniform construction and thus a uniform, appealing overall picture. It is clear that the realization of the return force can be provided as Magnetetrückführkraft detached from the provision of the restoring force with a magnet.

The return force does not necessarily have to be realized as a magnetic return force, but can also be realized, for example, by a spring which, for example, functions both as a tension spring and as a compression spring, or by two springs. If the switching device comprises exactly one operating direction for the shift lever, a single compression spring or a tension spring may suffice. This makes it possible that after actuation of the actuating element of the actuating lever automatically disengages this return force from the actuator and transferred to the neutral position. By disengaging the shift lever is released, so that it can be returned to the neutral position via the restoring force, that is, the magnetic force. Next also a clearly defined neutral position of the actuating lever is achieved. Preferably, the return force is smaller than the restoring force (magnetic force), so that it is ensured that upon pivoting of the actuating lever, the first engagement takes place in the gear before the base plate is rotated about the axis of rotation.

The actuating lever preferably has a substantially Y-shape. This creates a particularly simple operating lever. The actuating lever comprises at the two leg ends in each case an inwardly projecting tooth, which can engage in the actuating element respectively the gear.

In variants of the actuating lever may also be otherwise formed.

Preferably, a position of the actuating element by means of a sensor, in particular an inductive sensor can be detected. This results in several advantages. Thus, when using the switching device as a gear shift device, the shift position can be displayed electronically. However, these data can also be transmitted to a further device, for example a computer, with which, for example, a driving behavior of a bicycle can be optimized. The energy to be expended from such sensors is rather low, so that this can be provided for example by the operation of the shift lever or a dynamo. Finally, it is also possible to use accumulators, in particular conventional batteries. Next so that, for example, an electronic gear shift can be controlled, so that can be dispensed with a bicycle on a Bowden cable for the gear shift. Particularly advantageous, such a gear shift can be used in a bicycle with electric drive, since they already have batteries.

In variants, this sensor can also be dispensed with.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, a bicycle comprises such a switching device. However, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the switching device can also be used for other applications. For example, the switching device may be used as a remote control joystick, for example radio remote control for RC models such as model cars, boats, airplanes, helicopters, and the like. Next can the switching device can also be used as a switch, in particular as an electronic switch for electrical appliances such as radios, as a control element in vehicles, as a light switch (eg discrete dimmer), etc.

Preferably, the switching device comprises a coupled to the shift lever Bowden cable for a gearshift.

From the following detailed description and the totality of the claims, further advantageous embodiments and feature combinations of the invention result. Brief description of the drawings

The drawings used to explain the embodiment show:

Fig. 1a is a schematic representation of a side view parallel to the axis of rotation of the first embodiment of the switching device in the neutral position;

FIG. 1b shows an illustration according to FIG. 1a in the first switching position; FIG. 1 c shows a representation according to FIG. 1 a in the second switching position;

Figure 2 is a schematic representation in the same direction as Figure 1a, with only the Bowden cable is shown.

Figure 3 is a schematic representation in the same direction as Figure 1 a, wherein the shift lever guide and the ratchet are shown. Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of a side view opposite to

Side view according to Figure 1a, wherein the ratchet mechanism and the shift lever are shown in the neutral position; 5a is a schematic representation of a side view parallel to the axis of rotation of a second embodiment of the switching device in the neutral position;

FIG. 5b shows a representation according to FIG. 5a in the first switching position; FIG. 5c shows a representation according to FIG. 5a in the second switching position;

6a-6c is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a

Ratchet devices with a magnetic reset of the pawl;

7a, 7b is a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a

Ratchet devices with a magnetic reset of the pawl; 8a, 8b is a schematic representation of a third embodiment of a

Ratchet devices with a magnetic reset of the pawl;

9a-9c is a schematic representation of a fourth embodiment of a

Ratchet devices with a magnetic reset of the pawl;

10a, 10b is a schematic representation of a fifth embodiment of a

Ratchet devices with a magnetic reset of the pawl;

Fig. 1 1 a, 1 1 b is a schematic representation of a sixth embodiment of a

Ratchet devices with a magnetic reset of the pawl;

12a, 12b is a schematic representation of a seventh embodiment of a

Ratchet devices with a magnetic reset of the pawl; 13a, 13b is a schematic representation of a switching device with an eighth

Embodiment of a ratchet devices with a magnetic return of the pawl;

Fig. 14a is a schematic representation of a switching device with a ninth

Embodiment of a ratchet devices with a magnetic return of the pawl; and Fig. 14b is a schematic detail of the switching device according to Fig. 14a.

Basically, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals in the figures. 1 a shows a schematic representation of a side view parallel to the axis of rotation of the switching device 1 in the neutral position.

The shift device 1 comprises a shift lever guide 200, which is mounted in the present embodiment with a mounting screw 203 on a modern handlebar 500 of a racing bicycle. The shift lever guide 200 comprises a housing with an axis of rotation 1 15, which in the present case is oriented perpendicular to the axis of the fastening screw 203 and substantially parallel to the front wheel axle of the bicycle.

The shift lever 100 comprises a base plate 1 10, via which the shift lever 100 is rotatably mounted on the axis of rotation 1 15. About the base plate 1 10, also rotatably mounted on the axis of rotation 1 15, a gear 300 is arranged. The gear 300 and the base plate 1 10 and the shift lever 100 are independently rotatable on the axis of rotation.

The base plate 1 10 comprises on one side at a radial distance from the axis of rotation 1 15, a first magnet 1 1 1, whose surface is perpendicular to the axis of rotation 1 15 in a plane. The magnet is located on the side facing away from the gear 300 of the base plate 1 10. On the first magnet 1 1 1 opposite surface of the base plate 1 10 includes this also spaced from the axis of rotation 1 15 and oriented parallel pivot axis 1 14th

At this pivot axis 1 14 of the Y-shaped actuating lever 120 is pivotally mounted. The one leg of the actuating lever 120 is used for actuation. The two further legs form a fork 121 with two prongs, which, with respect to the gear 300 substantially radially aligned teeth (or prongs) between the Teeth of the gear 300 can engage. On the base plate 1 10 are radially spaced from the axis of rotation and behind the pivot axis two stops 1 13a, 1 13b mounted on both sides of the actuating lever 120 as a travel limit for the actuating lever 120. The stops 1 13a, 1 13b are connected via springs 1 12a, 1 12b with the actuating lever 120, so that it can be ensured that after the actuation of the actuating lever 120 latter the neutral position in the middle between the two stops 1 13a, 1 13b occupies.

Radially spaced from the axis of rotation 1 15, the shift lever guide 200 comprises a recessed second magnet 201, which is directly under the first magnet 1 1 1 in Figure 1 a and therefore not visible, as well as in the same radial distance from the axis of rotation 1 15 on both sides adjacent to the second Magnet 201 each have a magnetic element 202a, 202b, which in the present case consists of iron. The surfaces of the magnetic elements 202a, 202b and the second magnet 201 lie in the same plane, which is oriented at right angles to the axis of rotation 15. In the neutral position, the first 1 1 1 and the second magnet 201 are opposite, that is, the two magnets 1 1 1, 201 hold the switching device 1 in the neutral position. Likewise, as described above, held by the two springs 1 12a, 1 12b of the actuating lever 120 in the neutral position.

Further parts of the switching device 1 (ratchet, Bowden cable, etc.) are described below with reference to Figures 2 to 4. Reference to the following figures 1 b and 1 c, the function of the switching device 1, in particular the return function of the shift lever 100 will now be explained in more detail.

As I said, the switching device according to Figure 1 a is in the neutral position. If the actuating lever 120 is now pivoted in a first direction, one of the teeth (or prongs) of the fork 121 engages radially in the gear 300 and thus forms a positive connection. During this first movement, only the operating lever 120 of the shift lever 100 moves in the form of only marginal pivoting. If the actuating lever 120 is now pivoted further in the same direction, then both the gear 300 and the gear 300 start due to the positive connection between the tooth of the actuating lever 120 and the gear 300 Base plate 1 10 with the operating lever 120 to rotate. Thus, the first magnet 1 1 1 of the base plate 1 10 is pivoted away from the second magnet 201. At the same time, the gear performs the function to be switched, for example via a Bowden cable (see below). Thus, the switching device 1 is now in the first switching position. FIG. 1b shows an illustration according to FIG. 1a in this first switching position. Of course, only the rotational position of the gear can be electronically monitored etc.

If now the actuating lever 120 is released, it pivots back into the neutral position, so that the tooth of the fork 121 of the actuating lever 120 is no longer engaged in the gear 300. Meanwhile, the gear 300 is held in position by means of rotational inhibition (see below, typically the same rotational inhibition must also be overcome each time the shift lever 100 is actuated). As soon as the tooth of the actuating lever 120 is no longer in engagement with the gear 300, the first and the second magnet 1 1 1, 201 respectively the first magnet 1 1 1 and the magnetic element 202 a move towards each other due to the magnetic force, so that the Base plate 1 10 pivots back to bring the lever 100 in the neutral position back. This once again achieves the situation according to FIG. 1a.

An actuation in the opposite direction takes place mutatis mutandis, wherein in the pivoted state of the shift lever 100, the second switching position is assumed according to Figure 1c.

The maximum deflection of the shift lever 100 is limited by stops on the shift lever guide 200 such that the magnetic force between the two magnets 1 1 1 and 201 respectively between the magnet 1 1 1 and one of the magnetic elements 202 a or 202 b (depending on the actuation direction) respectively sufficient it is great that only by the magnetic force the neutral position can be taken. The magnetic elements serve only to bridge the path length between the two magnets 1 1 1, 201.

FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration in the same viewing direction as FIG. 1a, wherein only the Bowden cable 410 is shown. A disc-shaped cable guide 416 for the Cable 41 1 is connected in rotation via a fixing screw 415 with the axis of rotation 1 15 connected. The axis of rotation 1 15 has to a flattening to achieve an anti-rotation. At the cable guide 416 is radially spaced from the axis of rotation, the cable 41 1 held adjustable by an adjusting screw 414 in cable longitudinal direction. The cable sheath 412 is fixed on the shifter guide 200 via the cable sheath sleeve 413.

The gear 300 is also rotatably connected to the rotational axis 1 15, so that upon rotation of the gear 300, depending on the direction of rotation, the Bowden cable 410 is tensioned or released.

In order to keep the Bowden cable in the switched position, a rotational inhibition is provided, which is explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.

FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation in the same viewing direction as FIG. 1 a, wherein the shift lever guide 200 and behind it the ratchet and / or the rotational inhibition are shown.

On the axis of rotation, a ratchet wheel 400 is fixed, that is rotatably mounted. Since the ratchet wheel is not visible from this page, it is indicated by dashed lines. Next, two ratchet springs 401 a, 401 b are shown in dashed lines, as well as these covered by a cover and ball bearings and thus are not apparent in principle.

4 shows a schematic representation of a side view opposite to the side view according to Figure 1 a, wherein the ratchet mechanism respectively the rotation inhibition and the shift lever 100 are shown in the neutral position. In this illustration, the part of the base plate 1 10 is shown in dashed lines, which lies behind the shift lever guide 200. Further, the two opposing springs 401 a, 401 b, which engage between the teeth of the ratchet wheel 400 and thus realize the Drehemmung, well visible. The toothing of the ratchet wheel 400 is simplified here, shown with regular teeth. In fact, the pitches are sometimes not constant depending on the switching function to be realized, especially when using a derailleur. On the other hand, a regularly toothed gear can be used for use in a derailleur. The first and the second magnet 1 1 1, 201 need not be positioned according to the figures. It is sufficient if these are arranged outside the axis of rotation 1 15 and lie one above the other in the neutral position, that is, the first magnet 1 1 1 can also be arranged symmetrically on a mirror-symmetrical base plate, while the second magnet 201 would be positioned accordingly.

Figures 5a to 5c show a schematic representation of a side view parallel to the axis of rotation of a second embodiment of the switching device 1.1 in the neutral position, in the first switching position, as well as in the second switching position. These representations largely correspond to FIGS. 4a to 4c described above, so that only the differences will be discussed below.

In FIGS. 5a to 5c, it can be seen that, in contrast to the first embodiment 1 of the switching device 1 according to FIGS. 4a to 4c, no stops 13a, 13b and springs 12a, 12b are present on the baseplate 1 10.1, thus also the base plate 1 10.1 has a somewhat slimmer shape, since the corresponding support for the stops 1 13a, 1 13b and the springs 1 12a, 1 12b are now obsolete.

The base plate 1 10.1 now includes in the assembled state radially outside of the gear 300 on the base plate 1 10.1 a third magnet 1 16. On the operating lever 120.1 is at a corresponding position, that is, at a tine of the fork 121.1, a fourth magnet 122 is arranged. In the neutral position of the actuating lever 120.1 according to the figure 5a, the two magnets 1 16 and 122 congruent, that is, they have the smallest distance. In Figures 5b and 5c, the switching device 1.1 is shown in each case in the first and in the second switching position, in which the actuating lever 120.1 is pressed in the corresponding direction of actuation, so that the two magnets 1 16 and 122 are not opaque. As soon as the actuating lever 120.1 is released, this moves back into the neutral position due to the attraction of the two magnets 1 16 and 122. Likewise, the rotation inhibition can be realized otherwise. These variants will be discussed in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 6a to 14b. In all representations of a gear, the same may also have an irregular toothing. The teeth of the teeth need not necessarily be formed symmetrically, the expert are appropriate gears for ratchets, ratchet wheels, rotation inhibitors and the like sufficiently familiar. In particular, these embodiments may be used in addition to the use for incrementing and / or decrementing as Ratchet wheel, as a rotation inhibitor and the like.

The following ratchet devices can be installed, for example, in a switching device 1 or 1.1 according to FIGS. 1 to 5c or used in the same as rotation inhibitors. The ratchet devices can also be used detached from the switching devices 1 and 1.1, for example in other switching devices or movements, tools, etc.

In the following FIGS. 6 a to 8 b, when used in a switching device 1 or 1. 1, the pawl 20, 21 or 22 is fastened to the shift lever guide 200, which is mounted on the axis of rotation 1 15. At the same axis of rotation and the ratchet wheel 400 is mounted.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that ratchet wheel 400 and gear 300 may be formed as a single gear. Either can be dispensed with the ratchet wheel 400 or the gear 300, wherein the respective remaining wheel (that is, the gear 300 and the ratchet wheel 400) can take over the function of the other (ratchet wheel 400 and gear 300).

Although the present case is referred to in each case with reference to the figures described below by a ratchet wheel 400, this is to be understood as meaning either a conventional gear wheel or, in particular, an inhibiting gear wheel. The term choice ultimately depends on the particular application.

In all embodiments, the magnetic force can basically be reinforced by attaching further, in the neutral position to the existing magnet congruent magnets. Similarly, in the variants which disclose two magnets, any magnet of a magnetic carrier can also be omitted, provided that this magnetic carrier consists of a magnetic material or at least in the corresponding area comprises magnetic material.

Figures 6a-6c show a schematic representation of a first embodiment 10 of a ratchet device 10 with a magnetic return of the pawl 20 using a magnet 30 which is arranged in the pawl 20. The ratchet wheel 400 is presently formed of a magnetic material, so that the pawl 20 is attracted by the ratchet wheel 400. Figures 6b and 6c additionally show a magnet 30.1, which does not rotate with the ratchet wheel 400, but is fixedly arranged. This first embodiment 10 can be used, for example, for incrementing and / or decrementing. As an alternative to the present embodiment 10, the magnet 30 and the magnet 30.1 can also be designed and arranged in opposite polarity, so that the magnets 30 and 30.1 repel each other. In this variant, the figure 6c would correspond to the neutral position. Corresponding modifications can also be made in the embodiments 11 to 17 described below. Figures 7a, 7b show a schematic representation of a second embodiment 1 1 of a ratchet device 1 1 with a magnetic return of the pawl 21 using a magnet 31 which is fixed to the pawl 21. As an essential difference to the first embodiment 10, a second magnet 31.1 in the engaged position of the pawl 21 with the ratchet wheel 400, according to Figure 7a, arranged with the magnet 31 opaque. When not engaging in the ratchet wheel 400 pawl 21, the magnets 31, 31.1 not opaque, so arranged side by side with respect to a ratchet wheel plane.

Figures 8a, 8b show a schematic representation of a third embodiment 12 of a ratchet device 12 with a magnetic return of the pawl 22, which differs from the second embodiment 1 1 only in that the magnets 32, 32.1 at not engaging in the ratchet wheel 400 pawl 22 opaque, so arranged with respect to a Ratschenradebene one behind the other.

The following figures 9a to 1 1 b refer to an insert of the ratchet device in a switching device 1 or 1.1, wherein each of the pawl 23, 24 respectively 25 on the actuating lever 120 and 120.1 or base plate 1 10 and 1 10.1 (not shown) are attached. The embodiments according to FIGS. 9a to 11b can be used, for example, for actuating the actuating element. Thus, Figures 9a-9c show a schematic representation of a fourth embodiment 13 of a ratchet device 13 with a magnetic return of the pawl 23 according to Figures 6a-6c; 10a, 10b show a schematic representation of a fifth embodiment 14 of a ratchet device 14 with a magnetic return of the pawl 24 according to the figures 7a, 7b and the figures 11a, 11b show a schematic representation of a sixth embodiment 15 of a ratchet device 15th with a magnetic return of the pawl 25 according to the figures 8a, 8b.

Figures 12a, 12b show a schematic representation of a seventh embodiment

16 of a ratchet device 16 with a magnetic return of the pawl 26, wherein now the pawl 26 is mounted linearly displaceable. The pawl 26 has a C-shape and comprises at the ends in each case a slot for guiding a peg. The slots are aligned with each other, that is, on the same line, so that a misaligned in the displacement can be prevented. The pawl 26 in turn comprises a magnet 36 which is opaque in the neutral position with the magnet 36.1.

Figures 13a, 13b show a schematic representation of a switching device 1.2 with an eighth embodiment 17 of a ratchet device 17 with a magnetic return of the pawl 27. In the illustration according to Figure 13a is the ratchet device

17 in the neutral position, wherein the magnetic lever 29 of the pawl 27 is attracted by the magnet 37 of the actuating lever. Behind the magnet 37, a magnet 37.1 is arranged, which is fixedly arranged. FIG. 13b shows the switching device in the deflected position. The magnetic force between the lever 29 and the magnet 37 is smaller than the magnetic force between the magnets 37 and 37.1, so that upon actuation of the actuating lever 120.2 first the pawl 27 engages the gear 300, before by the rotation of the actuating lever 120.2, the two magnets 37 , 37.1 out of position. After the operation, the gear can, for example by a rotational inhibition are held in position. When you release the operating lever 120.2 is taken from this again the neutral position.

FIG. 14a shows a schematic representation of a switching device 1.3 with a ninth embodiment 18 of a ratchet device 18 with a magnetic return of the pawl 28, and FIG. 14b shows a schematic detail of the ratchet device 18 according to FIG. 14a. The actuating lever 120.3 is present in the neutral position, wherein the pawl 28 is guided by the magnet 38 in the toothing of the magnetic gear 300. On the actuating lever 120.3 another pawl 28.1 is pivotally mounted. The pawl 28.1 comprises a parallel and offset to the pivot axis mounted pin. Upon actuation of the actuating lever 120.3, the pin is guided under the pawl 28, so that the pawl 28.1 engages the gear 300. Upon further actuation of the actuating lever 120.3, the pin lifts the pawl 28 out of engagement with the gear 300. The pawl 28.1 may also be either magnetically formed or comprise a magnet. It is clear to the person skilled in the art that further modifications to the device can be made without departing from the basic idea of the invention.

The individual components are, unless otherwise stated, preferably made of non-magnetic materials such as titanium, aluminum, ceramic, plastic and the like. This avoids influencing the magnetic feedback of the circuit. Of course, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the shifting device can not be used only for a bicycle, but can be used in any application requiring, in particular, discrete or continuous incrementing and / or decrementing.

In summary, it should be noted that according to the invention, a switching device is provided, which is constructed particularly simple and inexpensive, and is used variably by the addition of robust construction.

Claims

Patent claims

1. Switching device (1), in particular a switching device (1) for a gear shift, with a shift lever (100) and a shift lever guide (200), the shift lever (100) being movably mounted on the shift lever guide (200) and between a neutral position and at least a first switching position is movable and wherein the switching lever (100) in the first switching position is subjected to a restoring force which returns the switching lever (100) to the neutral position, characterized in that the restoring force is implemented as a magnetic force.

2. Switching device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the shift lever (100) comprises a first magnet (1 1 1) and the shift lever guide (200) comprises a second magnet (201), wherein in the neutral position there is a distance between the first magnet (1 1 1) and the second magnet (201) is smaller than in the first switching position.

3. Switching device (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that a magnetic element (202a; 202b) is arranged adjacent to the first or second magnet (201) in the direction of movement of the second or first magnet (1 1 1).

4. Switching device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the switching lever (100) is rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation (1 15) of the switching lever guide (200) and between the neutral position and the first switching position about the axis of rotation (1 15) is pivotable.

5. Switching device (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the switching lever (100) is additionally between the neutral position and a second switching position is movable, the neutral position being between the first and the second switching position.

Switching device (1) according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the switching lever (100) has a base plate (1 10) which is rotatably mounted on the axis of rotation (1 15) and the base plate (1 10) has an actuating lever (120) which can be pivoted on a pivot axis. comprises, wherein the axis of rotation (1 15) and the pivot axis (1 14) are parallel and spaced apart from one another and wherein an actuating element (300) is rotatably mounted on the axis of rotation (1 15), the actuating element (300) being in a pivoted state Actuating lever (120) can be actuated and cannot be actuated in a neutral position of the actuating lever (120).

Switching device (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the actuating element (300) is designed as a gear (300) with several teeth and the actuating lever (120) is designed and arranged such that it is essentially pivoted in a first direction of rotation engages tangentially between two teeth of the gear (300), whereby the gear (300) can be rotated about the axis of rotation (1 15) by subsequently moving the shift lever (100) in the first direction of rotation.

Switching device (1) according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the actuating element (300) is acted upon by a rotation lock, which is designed in particular as a locking pawl mechanism with a pawl engaging in teeth of a locking gear (400).

Switching device (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that the pawl (20) is subjected to a pawl magnetic force, whereby the pawl (20) can be moved from an engagement position in which the pawl engages in the inhibitor gear (400) into a loose position , or can be transferred from a loose position to an engaged position in which the pawl engages in the inhibitor gear (400).

10. Switching device (1) according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the actuating lever (120) is designed such that in the pivoted state it is in a second direction of rotation opposite to the first direction of rotation, essentially tangentially between two teeth of the Gear (300) engages, which means that the switching lever (100) then moves in the second direction of rotation

Gear (300) can be rotated about the axis of rotation (1 15).

1 1. Switching device (1) according to one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the actuating lever (120) can be transferred from a pivoted state to the neutral position with a return force, in particular a magnetic return force.

12. Switching device (1) according to one of claims 6 to 1 1, characterized in that the actuating lever (120) has a substantially Y-shape.

13. Switching device (1) according to one of claims 6 to 12, characterized in that a position of the actuating element (300) can be detected by means of a sensor, in particular an inductive sensor.

14. Bicycle comprising a switching device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13.

15. Bicycle according to claim 14, characterized in that the switching device (1) comprises a Bowden cable (410) coupled to the shift lever (100) for a gear shift.