EP2850695A1 - Antenne à réflecteur à lobes seconaires faibles à blindage - Google Patents

Antenne à réflecteur à lobes seconaires faibles à blindage

Info

Publication number
EP2850695A1
EP2850695A1 EP20140789765 EP14789765A EP2850695A1 EP 2850695 A1 EP2850695 A1 EP 2850695A1 EP 20140789765 EP20140789765 EP 20140789765 EP 14789765 A EP14789765 A EP 14789765A EP 2850695 A1 EP2850695 A1 EP 2850695A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reflector
antenna
sub
dish
shield
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP20140789765
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2850695A4 (fr
Inventor
Ronald Brandau
Junaid ul Islam SYED
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commscope Technologies LLC
Original Assignee
Andrew LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US13/947,215 external-priority patent/US9019164B2/en
Application filed by Andrew LLC filed Critical Andrew LLC
Publication of EP2850695A1 publication Critical patent/EP2850695A1/fr
Publication of EP2850695A4 publication Critical patent/EP2850695A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/18—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/19—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface
    • H01Q19/193—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface with feed supported subreflector
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H01Q15/141—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing reflecting surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H01Q15/16—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures curved in two dimensions, e.g. paraboloidal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/02—Details
    • H01Q19/021—Means for reducing undesirable effects

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a microwave dual reflector antenna. More particularly, the invention provides a low cost, self-supported front feed reflector antenna with a low sidelobe signal radiation pattern characteristic configurable for the reflector antenna to satisfy rigorous radiation pattern envelope standards, such as the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) Class 4 radiation pattern envelope.
  • ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
  • Front feed dual reflector antennas direct a signal incident on the main reflector onto a sub- reflector mounted adjacent to the focal region of the main reflector, which in turn directs the signal into a waveguide transmission line typically via a feed horn or aperture to the first stage of a receiver.
  • the dual reflector antenna is used to transmit a signal, the signals travel from the last stage of the transmitter system, via the waveguide, to the feed aperture, sub-reflector, and main reflector to free space.
  • the electrical performance of a reflector antenna is typically characterized by its gain, radiation pattern envelope, cross-polarization and return loss performance - efficient gain, radiation pattern envelope and cross-polarization characteristics are essential for efficient microwave link planning and coordination, whilst a good return loss is necessary for efficient radio operation.
  • Reflector antennas with a narrow radiation pattern envelope enable higher density mounting of separate reflector antennas upon a common support structure, such as a radio tower, without generating RF interference between the separate point-to-point communications links.
  • Narrow radiation pattern envelope communications links also provide the advantage of enabling radio frequency spectrum allocations to be repeatedly re-used at the same location, increasing the number of links available for a given number of channels.
  • ETSI antenna' s radiation pattern envelope
  • reflector antennas satisfying the ETSI Class 4 specification have been Gregorian dual reflector offset type reflector antennas, for example as shown in Figure lc.
  • the dual offset configuration positions the sub-reflector 15 entirely outside of the signal path from the main reflector 50 to free space, which requires extensive additional structure to align and/or fully enclose the large optical system.
  • an increased level of manufacturing and/or assembly precision is required to avoid introducing cross-polar discrimination interference.
  • Deep dish reflectors are reflector dishes wherein the ratio of the reflector focal length (F) to reflector diameter (D) is made less than or equal to 0.25 (as opposed to an F/D, for example, of 0.35 typically found in more conventional "flat” dish designs).
  • An example of a dielectric cone feed sub-reflector configured for use with a deep dish reflector is disclosed in commonly owned US patent 6,919,855, titled “Tuned Perturbation Cone Feed for Reflector Antenna” issued July 19, 2005 to Hills (US6919855), hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • US6919855 utilizes a dielectric block cone feed with a sub-reflector surface and a leading cone surface having a plurality of downward angled non-periodic perturbations concentric about a longitudinal axis of the dielectric block.
  • the cone feed and sub-reflector diameters are minimized where possible, to prevent blockage of the signal path from the reflector dish to free space.
  • a deep dish type reflector dish extends the length (along the boresight axis) of the resulting reflector antenna so that the distal end of the reflector dish tends to function as a cylindrical shield. Therefore, although common in the non-deep dish reflector antennas, conventional deep dish reflector antenna configurations such as US6919855 typically do not utilize a separate forward projecting cylindrical shield.
  • Figure la is a schematic chart demonstrating differences between the requirements of the ETSI Class 3 and ETSI Class 4 Co-Polar Radiation Pattern Envelopes.
  • Figure lb is a schematic chart demonstrating differences between the requirements of the ETSI Class 3 and ETSI Class 4 Cross-Polar Radiation Pattern Envelopes.
  • Figure lc is a schematic signal path diagram of a typical prior art Gregorian dual reflector offset type reflector antenna.
  • Figure 2a is an schematic cut-away side view of an exemplary sub-reflector assembly.
  • Figure 2b is an exploded schematic cut-away side view of the sub-reflector assembly of Figure 2a, demonstrated with a separate metal disc type sub-reflector.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic cut-away side view of the sub-reflector assembly of Figure 2b, mounted within a 0.167 F/D deep dish reflector.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic cut-away side view of a prior art dielectric cone sub-reflector assembly.
  • Figure 5 is an E & H plane primary radiation amplitude pattern modeled comparison chart for the sub-reflector assemblies of Figure 2a and Figure 4 operating at 22.4 Ghz.
  • Figure 6 is an E plane radiation pattern range data comparison chart for the sub-reflector assembly of Figure 2a mounted within a 0.167 F/D dish reflector according to Figure 10, compared to ETSI Class 4 RPE and US6919855.
  • Figure 7 is an H plane radiation pattern range data comparison chart for the sub-reflector assembly of Figure 2a mounted within a 0.167 F/D dish reflector according to Figure 10, compared to ETSI Class 4 RPE and US6919855.
  • Figure 8 is an E (top half) & H (bottom half) plane primary energy field distribution model for the sub-reflector assembly of Figure 4.
  • Figure 9 is an E (top half) & H (bottom half) plane primary energy field distribution model for the sub-reflector assembly of Figure 2a.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic isometric view of an exemplary reflector antenna with a cylindrical shield.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic exploded cross-section view of the reflector antenna of Figure 10.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic cross-section view of the reflector antenna of Figure 10.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic cross-section view of an exemplary reflector antenna with a cylindrical shield with an outward taper.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic half cross-section view of an exemplary reflector antenna with a .0.163 F/D dish reflector and shield, demonstrating a 50 degree subtended angle.
  • Figure 15 is an E and H plane radiation pattern, modeled at 6.525 GHz, data chart for the reflector antenna of Figure 14, compared to ETSI Class 4 RPE. Note that non-compliant results shown at +-180 degree region of radiation patterns are due to modeling software computational limitation and should be ignored.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic half cross-section view of an exemplary reflector antenna with a .0.25 F/D dish reflector and shield, demonstrating a 50 degree subtended angle.
  • Figure 17 is an E and H plane radiation pattern, modeled at 6.525 GHz, data chart for the reflector antenna of Figure 16, compared to ETSI Class 4 RPE. Note that non-compliant results shown at +-180 degree region of radiation patterns are due to modeling software computational limitation and should be ignored.
  • Figure 18 is a schematic half cross-section view of an exemplary reflector antenna with a .0.298 F/D dish reflector and shield, demonstrating a 50 degree subtended angle.
  • Figure 19 is an E and H plane radiation pattern, modeled at 6.525 GHz, data chart for the reflector antenna of Figure 18, compared to ETSI Class 4 RPE. Note that non-compliant results shown at +-180 degree region of radiation patterns are due to modeling software computational limitation and should be ignored.
  • Figure 20 is a schematic half cross-section view of an exemplary reflector antenna with a .0.163 F/D dish reflector and shield, demonstrating a 40 degree subtended angle.
  • Figure 21 is an E and H plane radiation pattern, modeled at 6.525 GHz, data chart for the reflector antenna of Figure 20, compared to ETSI Class 4 RPE. Note that non-compliant results shown at +-180 degree region of radiation patterns are due to modeling software computational limitation and should be ignored.
  • Figure 22 is a schematic isometric view of an exemplary reflector antenna with a cylindrical shield with a 5 degree inward taper.
  • Figure 23 is a schematic exploded cross-section view of the reflector antenna of Figure 22.
  • Figure 24 is a schematic cross-section view of the reflector antenna of Figure 22.
  • Figure 25 is a close-up view of area A of Figure 24.
  • Figure 26 is a schematic cross-section view of an exemplary reflector antenna with a cylindrical shield with a 10 degree inward taper.
  • Figure 27 is a close-up view of area B of Figure 26.
  • Figure 28 is a calculated data chart of antenna efficiencies with respect to frequency and taper angle applied to the cylindrical shield.
  • Figure 29 is an H plane radiation pattern range data comparison chart for the sub-reflector assembly of Figure 2a mounted within a 0.167 F/D dish reflector with a cylindrical shield according to Figure 10, compared to the same antenna assembly with a cylindrical shield with a 5° degree inward taper and the ETSI Class 4 RPE.
  • the inventors have recognized that improvements in primary radiation pattern control obtained from dielectric cone sub-reflector assemblies dimensioned to concentrate signal energy upon a mid-wall area of reflector dish, paired with improved shielding at the reflector dish periphery, can enable a cost effective self-supported sub-reflector front feed type reflector antenna to meet extremely narrow radiation pattern envelope electrical performance specifications, such as the ETSI Class 4 RPE.
  • a cone radiator sub-reflector assembly 1 is configured to couple with the end of a feed boom waveguide 3 at a waveguide transition portion 5 of a unitary dielectric block 10 which supports a sub-reflector 15 at the distal end 20.
  • the sub-reflector assembly 1 utilizes an enlarged sub-reflector diameter for reduction of sub-reflector spill-over.
  • the sub-reflector 15 may be dimensioned, for example, with a diameter that is 2.5 wavelengths or more of a desired operating frequency, such as the mid-band frequency of a desired microwave frequency band.
  • the exemplary embodiment is dimensioned with a 39.34 mm outer diameter and a minimum dielectric radiator portion diameter of 26.08 mm, which at a desired operating frequency in the 22.4 Ghz microwave band corresponds to 2.94 and 1.95 wavelengths, respectively.
  • a dielectric radiator portion 25 situated between the waveguide transition portion 5 and a sub- reflector support portion 30 of the dielectric block 10 is also increased in size.
  • the dielectric radiator portion 25 may be dimensioned, for example, with a minimum diameter of at least 3/5 of the sub-reflector diameter.
  • the enlarged dielectric radiator portion 25 is operative to pull signal energy outward from the end of the waveguide 3, thus minimizing the diffraction at this area observed in conventional dielectric cone sub-reflector configurations, for example as shown in Figure 4.
  • the conventional dielectric cone has an outer diameter of 28 mm and a minimum diameter in a "radiator region" of 11.2 mm, which at a desired operating frequency in the 22.4 Ghz microwave band corresponds to corresponding to 2.09 and 0.84 wavelengths, respectively.
  • a plurality of corrugations are provided along the outer diameter of the dielectric radiator portion as radially inward grooves 35.
  • the plurality of grooves is two grooves 35 (see Figures 2a and 2b).
  • a distal groove 40 of the dielectric radiator portion 25 may be provided with an angled distal sidewall 45 that initiates the sub-reflector support portion 30.
  • the distal sidewall 45 may be generally parallel to a longitudinally adjacent portion of the distal end 20; that is, the distal sidewall 45 may form a conical surface parallel to the longitudinally adjacent conical surface of the distal end 20 supporting the sub-reflector 15, so that a dielectric thickness along this surface is generally constant with respect to the sub-reflector 45.
  • the waveguide transition portion 5 of the sub-reflector assembly 1 may be adapted to match a desired circular waveguide internal diameter so that the sub-reflector assembly 1 may be fitted into and retained by the waveguide 3 that supports the sub-reflector assembly 1 within the dish reflector 50 of the reflector antenna proximate a focal point 52 of the dish reflector 50, for example as shown in Figure 3.
  • the waveguide transition portion 5 may insert into the waveguide 3 until the end of the waveguide abuts a shoulder 55 of the waveguide transition portion 5.
  • the shoulder 55 may be dimensioned to space the dielectric radiator portion 25 away from the waveguide end and/or to further position the periphery of the distal end 20 (the farthest longitudinal distance of the sub-reflector signal surface from the waveguide end) at least 0.75 wavelengths of the desired operating frequency.
  • the exemplary embodiment is dimensioned with a 14.48 mm longitudinal length, which at a desired operating frequency in the 22.4 Ghz microwave band corresponds to 1.08 wavelengths.
  • the conventional dielectric cone of Figure 3 is dimensioned with 8.83 mm longitudinal length or 0.66 wavelengths at the same desired operating frequency.
  • One or more step(s) 60 at the proximal end 65 of the waveguide transition portion 5 and/or one or more groove(s) may be used for impedance matching purposes between the waveguide 3 and the dielectric material of the dielectric block 10.
  • the sub-reflector 15 is demonstrated with a proximal conical surface 70 which transitions to a distal conical surface 75, the distal conical surface 75 provided with a lower angle with respect to a longitudinal axis of the sub-reflector assembly 1 than the proximal conical surface 70.
  • the sub-reflector 15 may be formed by applying a metallic deposition, film, sheet or other RF reflective coating to the distal end of the dielectric block 10.
  • the sub-reflector 15 may be formed separately, for example as a metal disk 80 which seats upon the distal end of the dielectric block 10.
  • the sub-reflector assembly 1 can provide surprising improvements in the signal pattern, particularly in the region between 20 and 60 degrees.
  • radiation in both the E & H planes is significantly reduced in the 20 to 60 degree region.
  • Figure 8 demonstrates a time slice radiation energy plot simulation of a conventional sub- reflector assembly, showing the broad angular spread of the radiation pattern towards the dish reflector surface and in particular the diffraction effect of the waveguide end drawing the signal energy back along the boresight which necessitates the limiting of the sub-reflector diameter to prevent significant signal blockage and/or introduction of electrical performance degrading secondary reflections/interference.
  • Figure 9 shows a radiation energy plot simulation of the exemplary controlled illumination cone radiator sub-reflector assembly 1 demonstrating the controlled illumination of a 0.167 F/D ratio dish reflector 50 by the sub-reflector assembly 1 as the radiation pattern is directed primarily towards a mid-section area of the dish reflector 50 spaced away both from the sub-reflector shadow area and the periphery of the dish reflector 50.
  • a deep dish type dish reflector 50 the projection of the majority of the radiation pattern at an increased outward angle, rather than downward towards the area shadowed by the sub-reflector assembly 1, allows the radiation pattern to impact the mid-section of the dish reflector 50 without requiring the dish reflector 50 to be unacceptably large in diameter.
  • manufacture of the dielectric block may be simplified, reducing overall manufacturing costs.
  • Dimensioning the periphery of the distal surface as normal to the longitudinal axis of the assembly provides a ready manufacturing reference surface 85, further simplifying the dielectric block 10 manufacture process, for example by machining and/or injection molding.
  • shielding may be applied, for example, as a generally cylindrical shield 90 coupled to the periphery of the dish reflector 50.
  • RF absorbing material 95 may be coupled to an inner diameter of the shield 90.
  • the length of the shield 90, along the longitudinal axis of the reflector antenna, may be selected with respect to the F/D of the dish reflector 50 and the radiation pattern in a trade-off with the total length of the resulting reflector antenna. For smaller F/D reflectors, shorter longitudinal length may be required due to feed position deeper within the dish reflector 50.
  • the subtended angles, with respect to a longitudinal axis of the reflector antenna, between the dish reflector focal point 52 and the periphery of the dish reflector 50 for a 2 foot and a 4 foot diameter 0.167 F/D dish reflector 50 may be in the range 40° to 50°.
  • the shield length may be chosen dependent on the level of unwanted spillover energy from primary radiation patterns resulting from the sub-reflector assembly configuration selected. Keeping this criterion, for the 2ft and 4ft examples, shield length may be, selected for example, to be 1 to 3 times the focal length of the dish reflector 50.
  • the shield 90 may alternatively be applied with an outward taper, for example as shown in Figure 13.
  • the F/D ratio of the reflector dish 50 and the corresponding shield length may be varied to obtain a subtended angle, between the longitudinal axis and a line between the focal point and a distal periphery 54 of the shield 90 of 50 degrees or less, enabling a range of different F/D dish reflector 50 to provide a reflector antenna solution which satisfies a strict RPE specification, such as ETSI 4, without unacceptably increasing the overall dimensions of the resulting reflector antenna.
  • a strict RPE specification such as ETSI 4
  • Tuning of the sub-reflector assembly 1 and/or dish reflector 50 surfaces may enable the required length of the shield 90 and/or overall length of the reflector antenna assembly to be minimized, without exceeding the desired RPE specification. Thereby the overall size and wind load characteristic of the resulting reflector antenna may be minimized, resulting, for example, in a reduction of the subtended angle to 40 degrees or less, for example as shown in Figures 20 and 21, thus enabling improved electrical performance for a given reflector antenna assembly.
  • Radiation patterns of the dish reflector and shield combinations demonstrated in Figures 15, 17, 19 and 21 are computer models based upon an operating frequency band of 6.525 GHz. Further modeling indicates similar performance at alternative microwave frequencies, until the selected scale of the assembly begins to approach the wavelength of the operating frequency and/or operating frequency rises to the point where the corresponding reduced scale of the resulting reflector antenna contributes to cost effective manufacturing tolerances becoming a
  • the radiation pattern may be further tuned by applying a radially inward taper so that the shield 90 becomes increasingly conical, for example with an angle greater than zero and up to 10 degrees with respect to a longitudinal axis of the reflector antenna (see Figures 26 and 27).
  • the maximum angle of the inward taper of the shield 90 may be selected at the point where the reduced distal end diameter of the shield 90 begins to block the signal, thereby unacceptably reducing the overall gain of the antenna. For example, comparing various shield geometries of a 2ft diameter, 18 GHz antenna (straight cylindrical shield, 5 degree taper in and 10 degree taper in), calculated efficiencies (%) are shown in Figure 28. On average there is a 7% efficiency drop for a 2ft diameter 18 GHz antenna with a 10° shield inward taper, compared to a straight shielded 2ft 18 GHz antenna.
  • a shield inward taper of approximately 5° may provide a balance of antenna performance in terms of radiation pattern improvement and antenna efficiency, as demonstrated by Figure 29, where signal pattern improvement in the region of 30-50 degrees is obtained in the Horizontal plane when the operating frequency is 18.7 Ghz, without unacceptably impacting other angles of concern.
  • the present invention may bring to the art a reflector antenna with improved electrical performance and/or significant manufacturing cost efficiencies. Because the front feed self-supported sub-reflector assembly reflector antenna has an
  • the reflector antenna according to the invention may be strong, lightweight and may be repeatedly cost efficiently manufactured with a very high level of precision. Table of Parts

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une antenne à réflecteur à alimentation latérale pourvue d'un réflecteur parabolique dont le guide d'ondes est couplé à une extrémité proximale du réflecteur parabolique et est en saillie dans le réflecteur parabolique le long d'un axe longitudinal. Un bloc diélectrique est couplé à une extrémité distale du guide d'ondes, et un sous-réflecteur est couplé à une extrémité distale du bloc diélectrique. Un blindage est couplé à la périphérie du réflecteur parabolique. L'angle délimité par l'axe longitudinal et une ligne entre le point focal et une périphérie distale du blindage est égal à 50 degrés ou moins.
EP14789765.6A 2013-07-22 2014-05-13 Antenne à réflecteur à lobes seconaires faibles à blindage Withdrawn EP2850695A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/947,215 US9019164B2 (en) 2011-09-12 2013-07-22 Low sidelobe reflector antenna with shield
PCT/US2014/037756 WO2015012940A1 (fr) 2013-07-22 2014-05-13 Antenne à réflecteur à lobes seconaires faibles à blindage

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2850695A1 true EP2850695A1 (fr) 2015-03-25
EP2850695A4 EP2850695A4 (fr) 2015-08-05

Family

ID=52393735

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14789765.6A Withdrawn EP2850695A4 (fr) 2013-07-22 2014-05-13 Antenne à réflecteur à lobes seconaires faibles à blindage

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2850695A4 (fr)
KR (1) KR101545672B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN104488139A (fr)
IN (1) IN2014MN02240A (fr)
WO (1) WO2015012940A1 (fr)

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WO2015012940A1 (fr) 2015-01-29
CN104488139A (zh) 2015-04-01

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