EP2842183A1 - Method for connecting battery cell poles - Google Patents

Method for connecting battery cell poles

Info

Publication number
EP2842183A1
EP2842183A1 EP13711049.0A EP13711049A EP2842183A1 EP 2842183 A1 EP2842183 A1 EP 2842183A1 EP 13711049 A EP13711049 A EP 13711049A EP 2842183 A1 EP2842183 A1 EP 2842183A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
laser beam
battery
battery cells
poles
strand
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13711049.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Sebastian Engler
Sonja Dudziak
Friedhelm Guenter
Reiner Ramsayer
Heinz Neubert
Christoph BANTEL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2842183A1 publication Critical patent/EP2842183A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/082—Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/514—Methods for interconnecting adjacent batteries or cells
    • H01M50/516—Methods for interconnecting adjacent batteries or cells by welding, soldering or brazing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/12—Copper or alloys thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R11/00—Individual connecting elements providing two or more spaced connecting locations for conductive members which are, or may be, thereby interconnected, e.g. end pieces for wires or cables supported by the wire or cable and having means for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal, or conductive member, blocks of binding posts
    • H01R11/11—End pieces or tapping pieces for wires, supported by the wire and for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal or conductive member
    • H01R11/28—End pieces consisting of a ferrule or sleeve
    • H01R11/281—End pieces consisting of a ferrule or sleeve for connections to batteries
    • H01R11/288—Interconnections between batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R43/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
    • H01R43/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for soldered or welded connections
    • H01R43/0221—Laser welding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for connecting poles of battery cells according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • connection of poles of battery cells in particular through the use of battery cells in hybrid vehicles, is becoming more and more the focus.
  • One object is to electrically connect the individual cells, which are usually arranged within a battery module, and to connect the battery modules together in turn to form a total current source or to connect them to one another.
  • DE 10 2009 024 513 A1 has disclosed, for example, a method for connecting poles of battery cells according to the preamble of claim 1, in which a connecting element is provided that consists of a section configured as a strand and with the respective ones Litzenenden connected, rigid and plate-shaped connection elements consists.
  • the connection elements are in turn connected to the poles of the battery cells.
  • the connection elements that is, the plate-shaped portions of the connecting element to connect to the battery poles by a laser welding process.
  • the connecting elements known from the cited document are relatively complicated to produce by their multi-part design (strand and plate-shaped connection elements).
  • the invention has the object, a method for connecting poles of battery cells according to the preamble of claim 1 such that a particularly cost-effective connection between the individual battery cells is achieved with good electrical properties.
  • This object is achieved in a method for connecting poles of battery cells with the features of claim 1, characterized in that the strand is connected in the connection region of an electrical pole of the battery cell in a welding area with a laser welding.
  • the method according to the invention has only one strand as a connecting element as the sole connecting element, so that method steps that relate to connecting the strand to (plate-shaped) elements for connecting the strand to the battery poles according to the prior art can be saved. This allows a particularly simple and cost-effective electrical connection between the poles of battery cells.
  • the laser beam is oscillated in the welding region.
  • Under an oscillating motion is understood to mean a reciprocating motion of the laser beam, which can basically be done both in a feed direction of the laser beam, as well as perpendicular or at an angle to the feed direction. Due to the oscillating movement of the laser beam, in particular the air inclusions between the individual wires of the strand can be driven out, so that a particularly good heat transfer and heat introduction by the laser beam is generated, which leads to a good melting of the material of the strand and the pole of the battery cell and thus to a high quality
  • the laser beam is moved in an oscillating manner perpendicular to the feed direction of the laser beam.
  • the laser beam sweeps over the weld seam several times.
  • a relatively uniform heating of the weld region can take place, because thermal stress peaks during the production of the weld are avoided or reduced.
  • a stranded tape is used as the stranded wire.
  • a stranded tape has (as opposed to a strand, which has a round Cross section) relative to their width, a relatively small thickness, so that even relatively low energy inputs in the stranded tape allows a material connection between the strand and the pole of the battery cell, since the laser beam only a relatively thin layer of material (the Litzenbands) must heat.
  • the welds which are generated by the laser beam can be produced particularly accurately and simply when the laser beam is moved through an optical device.
  • This optical device provides on the one hand for the required feed movement of the laser beam, and on the other hand (if provided) simultaneously for the oscillating movement of the laser beam.
  • the invention is suitable both for electrically connecting individual battery cells within a battery module with each other, as well as battery terminals of battery modules to be connected to each other.
  • 1 is a simplified representation of a battery of several modules, each with a plurality of battery cells existing battery unit whose poles are connected to each other with wires,
  • FIG. 2 shows in plan view the connecting region of two poles of adjacent battery cells according to FIG. 1, FIG.
  • Fig. 3 shows the welding area at a pole of a battery cell in enlarged
  • FIG. 4 shows a simplified illustration of a laser beam device for use in a method according to the invention.
  • the same components or components with the same function are provided in the figures with the same reference numerals.
  • FIG. 1 two battery modules 1 1, 12, arranged by way of example, are shown, as they are preferably, but not restrictively, used as part of a power supply unit in a hybrid vehicle.
  • a power supply unit comprises more than two battery modules 1 1, 12.
  • Each of the battery modules 1 1, 12 includes a plurality of preferably identically designed battery cells 10, it being assumed by way of example and simplifying that six battery cells 10 are arranged next to one another in the battery module 1 1.
  • such a power supply unit in a hybrid vehicle can comprise a total of approximately one hundred battery cells 10, which are divided into corresponding battery modules 11, 12.
  • Each battery cell 10 has a positive pole 13 and a negative pole 14.
  • the individual battery cells 10 in the battery modules 1 1, 12 are connected in series, that is to say that in each case one plus pole 13 of a first battery cell 10 is electrically connected to a negative pole 14 of a second battery cell 10.
  • the battery modules 1 1, 12 may in turn be electrically connected in series or in parallel.
  • the strands 15 preferably consist at least essentially of copper or aluminum and have a multiplicity of individual wires (stranded wires) interwoven with one another in the form of a wire mesh or the like.
  • the strands 15 are in each case particularly preferably designed as flat strands, that is to say that they have a rectangular cross section with a relatively large width and a thickness which is relatively small compared to the width.
  • the laser beam 1 is generated in accordance with FIG. 4 by means of a laser beam device 100, wherein the position of the laser beam 1 can be changed at least in the connection region 16 by means of a scanner optical system 10 in the plane of the attachment region 16 or the movement of the laser beam 1 can be controlled.
  • connection region 16 and the welding region 17 on a battery cell 10 are shown in greater detail, with the illustration of the stranded wire 15 omitted. It can be seen here that the laser beam 1 in overlap with the stranded wire 15 has a serpentine feed path 18 around which the laser beam 1 is reciprocated in an oscillating manner. By such a movement of the laser beam 1 is a large-scale heating of the material of the strand 15 and the connection region 16 in
  • the laser beam 1 is oscillated perpendicular to the feed direction of the laser beam 1 moves.
  • the laser beam 1, with respect to the feed direction of the laser beam 1, in the longitudinal direction of the feed path 18 is reciprocated. It is essential that 15 existing air pockets can be expelled by the aforementioned oscillating movement of the laser beam 1 within the wire mesh of the strand, so that a particularly good heat transfer of the laser beam 1 on the strand 15 and the connection region 16 is achieved. It is thus sufficient to position the strand 15 with a relatively low hold-down or contact force on the connection region 16 or to press to produce the desired cohesive connection between the strand 15 and the pole 13, 14 of the battery cell 10.
  • the choice of the suitable laser beam device 100 as well as the material used for the strand 15 and its geometric dimensioning depends on the particular application. Also, the shape and size of the welded joint between the strand 15 and the connection region 16 may need to be chosen differently from case to case. It can also be provided that the laser beam 1 passes over the welding area 17 several times between the stranded wire 15 and the connection area 16.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for connecting poles (13, 14) of two battery cells (10), comprising a connecting element in the form of a wire (15), said connecting element connecting the poles (13, 14) of the battery cells (10) to each other. According to the invention, the wire (15) is directly connected to a pole (13, 14) of a battery cell (10) in a welding region (17) by means of a laser beam (1) in order to form a laser beam weld.

Description

Beschreibung  description
Verfahren zum Verbinden von Polen von Batteriezellen Method for connecting poles of battery cells
Stand der Technik State of the art
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Verbinden von Polen von Batteriezellen nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. The invention relates to a method for connecting poles of battery cells according to the preamble of claim 1.
In jüngerer Zeit rückt die Verbindung von Polen von Batteriezellen, insbesondere durch den Einsatz von Batteriezellen in Hybridfahrzeugen, mehr und mehr in den Fokus. Dabei besteht eine Aufgabe darin, die üblicherweise innerhalb eines Bat- teriemoduls angeordneten Einzelzellen elektrisch miteinander zu verbinden und die Batteriemodule ihrerseits wiederum zu einer Gesamtstromquelle zusammen zu schließen bzw. miteinander zu verbinden. Insbesondere besteht dabei der Wunsch, dass beispielsweise mechanische Belastungen auf die einzelnen Batteriezellen in den Batteriemodulen oder auf die Batteriemodule nicht zu einer Be- einträchtigung der Verbindung zwischen den einzelnen Polen der Batteriezellen bzw. zwischen den Batteriemodulen führen. Es ist somit eine gewissermaßen elastische elektrische Verbindung zwischen den Batteriepolen erwünscht. Aus diesem Grund ist beispielsweise aus der DE 10 2009 024 513 A1 ein Verfahren zum Verbinden von Polen von Batteriezellen nach dem Oberbegriff des An- spruchs 1 bekannt geworden, bei der ein Verbindungselement vorgesehen ist, das aus einem als Litze ausgebildeten Abschnitt und mit den jeweiligen Litzenenden verbundenen, starren und plattenförmigen Anschlusselementen besteht. Die Anschlusselemente sind wiederum mit den Polen der Batteriezellen verbunden. Als Litzen werden Aluminiumlitzen, Kupferlitzen, Aluminiumgeflechte oder Kupfergeflechte vorgeschlagen. Weiterhin ist es in der erwähnten Schrift offenbart, die Anschlusselemente, das heißt die plattenförmigen Bereiche des Verbindungselements, mit den Batteriepolen durch ein Laserschweißverfahren zu verbinden. Die aus der genannten Schrift bekannten Verbindungselemente sind durch deren mehrteilige Ausbildung (Litze und plattenförmige Anschlusselemen- te) relativ aufwändig herzustellen. Aus der DE 10 2008 035 169 B3 ist ein weiteres Verfahren nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 bekannt, bei dem, ausgehend von einem litzenförmigen Verbindungselement Kontaktierungsplättchen vorgesehen sind, die wiederum mit den Batteriepolen der Batteriezellen verbunden sind. Hier findet eine Litze Verwendung, die über alle Pole der Batteriezellen reicht, wobei es vorgeschlagen wird, die Verbindungsbereiche zwischen der Litze und dem Kontaktierungsplättchen durch Ultraschallverschweißen herzustellen, wodurch eine homogene Verbindung mit möglichst geringem Übergangswiderstand geschaffen werden soll. Auch das aus der zuletzt genannten Schrift bekannte Verbindungselement ist durch dessen mehrteilige Ausbildung relativ aufwändig und somit kostenintensiv ausgebildet. More recently, the connection of poles of battery cells, in particular through the use of battery cells in hybrid vehicles, is becoming more and more the focus. One object is to electrically connect the individual cells, which are usually arranged within a battery module, and to connect the battery modules together in turn to form a total current source or to connect them to one another. In particular, there is a desire that, for example, mechanical loads on the individual battery cells in the battery modules or on the battery modules do not lead to impairment of the connection between the individual poles of the battery cells or between the battery modules. It is thus desirable to a certain extent elastic electrical connection between the battery poles. For this reason, DE 10 2009 024 513 A1 has disclosed, for example, a method for connecting poles of battery cells according to the preamble of claim 1, in which a connecting element is provided that consists of a section configured as a strand and with the respective ones Litzenenden connected, rigid and plate-shaped connection elements consists. The connection elements are in turn connected to the poles of the battery cells. As strands aluminum strands, copper strands, aluminum braids or copper braids are proposed. Furthermore, it is disclosed in the cited document, the connection elements, that is, the plate-shaped portions of the connecting element to connect to the battery poles by a laser welding process. The connecting elements known from the cited document are relatively complicated to produce by their multi-part design (strand and plate-shaped connection elements). From DE 10 2008 035 169 B3 a further method according to the preamble of claim 1 is known in which, starting from a strand-shaped connecting element Kontaktierungsplättchen are provided, which in turn are connected to the battery terminals of the battery cells. Here, a strand is used which extends over all the poles of the battery cells, wherein it is proposed to produce the connection regions between the strand and the Kontaktierungsplättchen by ultrasonic welding, whereby a homogeneous connection with the lowest possible contact resistance to be created. Also known from the latter document connecting element is relatively complex and thus costly formed by the multi-part design.
Offenbarung der Erfindung Disclosure of the invention
Ausgehend von dem dargestellten Stand der Technik liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Verbinden von Polen von Batteriezellen nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 derart weiterzubilden, dass eine besonders kostengünstige Verbindung zwischen den einzelnen Batteriezellen bei guten elektrischen Eigenschaften erzielt wird. Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß bei einem Verfahren zum Verbinden von Polen von Batteriezellen mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 dadurch gelöst, das die Litze im Anschlussbereich eines elektrischen Pols der Batteriezelle in einem Schweißbereich mit einer Laserver- schweißung verbunden wird. Mit anderen Worten bedeutet dies, dass das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren als Verbindungselement als einziges Verbindungselement nur noch eine Litze aufweist, so dass sich Verfahrensschritte, die sich auf das Verbinden der Litze mit (plattenförmigen) Elementen zur Verbindung der Litze mit den Batteriepolen entsprechend dem Stand der Technik befassen, einge- spart werden können. Dadurch wird eine besonders einfache und kostengünstige elektrische Verbindung zwischen den Polen von Batteriezellen ermöglicht. Based on the illustrated prior art, the invention has the object, a method for connecting poles of battery cells according to the preamble of claim 1 such that a particularly cost-effective connection between the individual battery cells is achieved with good electrical properties. This object is achieved in a method for connecting poles of battery cells with the features of claim 1, characterized in that the strand is connected in the connection region of an electrical pole of the battery cell in a welding area with a laser welding. In other words, this means that the method according to the invention has only one strand as a connecting element as the sole connecting element, so that method steps that relate to connecting the strand to (plate-shaped) elements for connecting the strand to the battery poles according to the prior art can be saved. This allows a particularly simple and cost-effective electrical connection between the poles of battery cells.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführt. In den Rahmen der Erfindung fallen sämtliche Kombi- nationen aus zumindest zwei von in den Ansprüchen, der Beschreibung und/oder den Figuren offenbarten Merkmalen. Zur Erzielung eines möglichst geringen Übergangswiderstandes zwischen einem Pol einer Batteriezelle und der Litze ist eine möglichst großflächige bzw. stoffschlüssige Verbindung zwischen dem Litzenmaterial und dem Pol der Batterie- zelle erforderlich. Aufgrund der Ausbildung der Litze, bei der diese üblicherweise aus einem Drahtgeflecht, bestehend aus einer Vielzahl von Einzeldrähten besteht, befinden sich zwischen den Einzeldrähten Lufteinschlüsse, die eine sichere Verbindung zwischen der Litze bzw. dem Litzenmaterial und dem Pol der Batteriezelle sowie das Aufschmelzen des Materials beeinträchtigen. Aus diesem Grund ist es bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass beim Ausbilden der Laserverschwei- ßung zwischen der Litze und dem Pol der Batteriezelle der Laserstrahl im Schweißbereich oszillierend bewegt wird. Unter einer oszillierenden Bewegung wird dabei eine Hin- und Herbewegung des Laserstrahls verstanden, die grundsätzlich sowohl in einer Vorschubrichtung des Laserstrahls, als auch senkrecht oder in einem Winkel zur Vorschubrichtung erfolgen kann. Durch die oszillierende Bewegung des Laserstrahls lassen sich insbesondere die Lufteinschlüsse zwischen den einzelnen Drähten der Litze gewissermaßen austreiben, so dass eine besonders gute Wärmeübertragung und Wärmeeinleitung durch den Laserstrahl erzeugt wird, die zu einer guten Aufschmelzung des Materials der Litze sowie des Pols der Batteriezelle und somit zu einer qualitativ hochwertigenAdvantageous developments of the method according to the invention are listed in the subclaims. All combinations of at least two features disclosed in the claims, the description and / or the figures fall within the scope of the invention. In order to achieve the lowest possible contact resistance between a pole of a battery cell and the strand, the largest possible or cohesive connection between the strand material and the pole of the battery cell is required. Due to the design of the strand, in which this usually consists of a wire mesh, consisting of a plurality of individual wires are located between the individual wires air pockets, a secure connection between the strand or the strand material and the pole of the battery cell and the melting of the material affect. For this reason, it is preferably provided that when forming the laser welding between the strand and the pole of the battery cell, the laser beam is oscillated in the welding region. Under an oscillating motion is understood to mean a reciprocating motion of the laser beam, which can basically be done both in a feed direction of the laser beam, as well as perpendicular or at an angle to the feed direction. Due to the oscillating movement of the laser beam, in particular the air inclusions between the individual wires of the strand can be driven out, so that a particularly good heat transfer and heat introduction by the laser beam is generated, which leads to a good melting of the material of the strand and the pole of the battery cell and thus to a high quality
Schweißverbindung führt. Welded connection leads.
In einer bevorzugten Variante der Bewegung des Laserstrahls wird vorgeschlagen, dass der Laserstrahl oszillierend senkrecht zu der Vorschubrichtung des Laserstrahls bewegt wird. Dadurch wird bei relativ geringen Prozesszeiten eine relativ breite Schweißnaht erzeugt, die aufgrund ihrer großen Fläche einen geringen elektrischen Widerstand aufweist. In a preferred variant of the movement of the laser beam, it is proposed that the laser beam is moved in an oscillating manner perpendicular to the feed direction of the laser beam. As a result, a relatively wide weld is produced at relatively low process times, which has a low electrical resistance due to its large area.
Zur Verbesserung der Schweißverbindung kann es darüber hinaus vorgesehen sein, dass der Laserstrahl die Schweißnaht mehrfach überstreicht. Dadurch kann insbesondere eine relativ gleichmäßige Erwärmung des Schweißbereichs erfolgen, weil thermische Spannungsspitzen beim Erzeugen der Schweißnaht vermieden bzw. reduziert werden. To improve the welded connection, it may also be provided that the laser beam sweeps over the weld seam several times. As a result, in particular, a relatively uniform heating of the weld region can take place, because thermal stress peaks during the production of the weld are avoided or reduced.
Besonders bevorzugt ist es, wenn als Litze ein Litzenband verwendet wird. Ein derartiges Litzenband weist (im Gegensatz zu einer Litze, die einen runden Querschnitt aufweist) bezogen auf ihre Breite eine relativ geringe Dicke auf, so dass bereits relativ geringe Energieeinträge in das Litzenband eine stoffschlüssige Verbindung zwischen der Litze und dem Pol der Batteriezelle ermöglicht, da der Laserstrahl nur eine relativ dünne Materialschicht (des Litzenbands) erwärmen muss. It is particularly preferred if a stranded tape is used as the stranded wire. Such a stranded tape has (as opposed to a strand, which has a round Cross section) relative to their width, a relatively small thickness, so that even relatively low energy inputs in the stranded tape allows a material connection between the strand and the pole of the battery cell, since the laser beam only a relatively thin layer of material (the Litzenbands) must heat.
Vorrichtungstechnisch lassen sich die Schweißstellen, die von dem Laserstrahl erzeugt werden besonders genau und einfach herstellen, wenn der Laserstrahl durch eine Optikeinrichtung bewegt wird. Diese Optikeinrichtung sorgt zum einen für die benötigte Vorschubbewegung des Laserstrahls, und zum anderen (falls vorgesehen) gleichzeitig für die oszillierende Bewegung des Laserstrahls. In terms of apparatus, the welds which are generated by the laser beam can be produced particularly accurately and simply when the laser beam is moved through an optical device. This optical device provides on the one hand for the required feed movement of the laser beam, and on the other hand (if provided) simultaneously for the oscillating movement of the laser beam.
Die Erfindung ist sowohl dafür geeignet, einzelne Batteriezellen innerhalb eines Batteriemoduls miteinander elektrisch zu verbinden, als auch Batteriepole von miteinander zu verbindenden Batteriemodulen. The invention is suitable both for electrically connecting individual battery cells within a battery module with each other, as well as battery terminals of battery modules to be connected to each other.
Weitere Vorteile, Einzelheiten und Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele sowie anhand der Zeichnung. Further advantages, details and features of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments and from the drawing.
Die zeigt in: The shows in:
Fig. 1 eine vereinfachte Darstellung einer aus mehreren Batteriemodulen mit jeweils mehreren Batteriezellen bestehenden Batterieeinheit, deren Pole mit Litzen miteinander verbunden sind, 1 is a simplified representation of a battery of several modules, each with a plurality of battery cells existing battery unit whose poles are connected to each other with wires,
Fig. 2 in Draufsicht den Verbindungsbereich zweier Pole von einander anschließenden Batteriezellen gemäß Fig. 1 , 2 shows in plan view the connecting region of two poles of adjacent battery cells according to FIG. 1, FIG.
Fig. 3 den Schweißbereich an einem Pol einer Batteriezelle in vergrößerterFig. 3 shows the welding area at a pole of a battery cell in enlarged
Einzeldarstellung zur Erläuterung der oszillierenden Bewegung des Laserstrahls und Single representation to explain the oscillating motion of the laser beam and
Fig. 4 eine vereinfachte Darstellung einer Laserstrahleinrichtung zur Verwendung bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren. Gleiche Bauteile bzw. Bauteile mit gleicher Funktion sind in den Figuren mit den gleichen Bezugsziffern versehen. 4 shows a simplified illustration of a laser beam device for use in a method according to the invention. The same components or components with the same function are provided in the figures with the same reference numerals.
In der Fig. 1 sind zwei beispielhaft nebeneinander angeordnete Batteriemodule 1 1 , 12 dargestellt, wie sie vorzugsweise, jedoch nicht einschränkend, als Bestandteil einer Stromversorgungseinheit in einem Hybridfahrzeug dienen. Selbstverständlich kann es auch vorgesehen sein, dass eine derartige Stromversorgungseinheit mehr als zwei Batteriemodule 1 1 , 12 umfasst. Jedes der Batteriemodule 1 1 , 12 beinhaltet mehrere vorzugsweise gleich ausgebildete Batteriezel- len 10, wobei beispielhaft und vereinfachend davon ausgegangen wird, dass in dem Batteriemodul 1 1 sechs Batteriezellen 10 nebeneinander angeordnet sind. Ergänzend wird erläutert, dass eine derartige Energieversorgungseinheit in einem Hybridfahrzeug insgesamt in etwa einhundert Batteriezellen 10 umfassend kann, die auf entsprechende Batteriemodule 1 1 , 12 aufgeteilt sind. In FIG. 1, two battery modules 1 1, 12, arranged by way of example, are shown, as they are preferably, but not restrictively, used as part of a power supply unit in a hybrid vehicle. Of course, it can also be provided that such a power supply unit comprises more than two battery modules 1 1, 12. Each of the battery modules 1 1, 12 includes a plurality of preferably identically designed battery cells 10, it being assumed by way of example and simplifying that six battery cells 10 are arranged next to one another in the battery module 1 1. In addition, it is explained that such a power supply unit in a hybrid vehicle can comprise a total of approximately one hundred battery cells 10, which are divided into corresponding battery modules 11, 12.
Jede Batteriezelle 10 weist einen Pluspol 13 und einen Minuspol 14 auf. Beispielhaft wird davon ausgegangen, dass die einzelnen Batteriezellen 10 in den Batteriemodulen 1 1 , 12 hintereinander geschaltet sind, d.h., dass jeweils ein Pluspol 13 einer ersten Batteriezelle 10 mit einem Minuspol 14 einer zweiten Bat- teriezelle 10 elektrisch verbunden wird. Die Batteriemodule 1 1 , 12 können elektrisch wiederum ebenfalls in Reihe oder parallel verschaltet sein. Each battery cell 10 has a positive pole 13 and a negative pole 14. By way of example, it is assumed that the individual battery cells 10 in the battery modules 1 1, 12 are connected in series, that is to say that in each case one plus pole 13 of a first battery cell 10 is electrically connected to a negative pole 14 of a second battery cell 10. The battery modules 1 1, 12 may in turn be electrically connected in series or in parallel.
Die Verbindung zumindest zwischen den einzelnen Polen 13, 14 zwischen zwei Batteriezellen 10 in einem Batteriemodul 1 1 , 12, vorzugsweise jedoch auch die elektrische Verbindung zwischen zwei Batteriemodulen 1 1 , 12, erfolgt mittels alsThe connection at least between the individual poles 13, 14 between two battery cells 10 in a battery module 1 1, 12, but preferably also the electrical connection between two battery modules 1 1, 12, by means of
Verbindungselementen dienender Litzen 15. Die Litzen 15 bestehen bevorzugt zumindest im Wesentlichen aus Kupfer oder Aluminium und weisen eine Vielzahl von miteinander in Form eines Drahtgeflechtes oder ähnlichem miteinander ver- wobenen Einzeldrähten (Litzendrähten) auf. Die Litzen 15 sind jeweils besonders bevorzugt als Flachlitze ausgebildet, d.h., dass sie einen rechteckigen Querschnitt aufweisen mit einer relativ großen Breite und einer gegenüber der Breite relativ geringen Dicke. Mittels der Litzen 15 wird nicht nur die elektrische Verbindung zwischen den einzelnen Batteriezellen 10 bzw. den Batteriemodulen 1 1 , 12 hergestellt, vielmehr dient die Litze 15 auch einem (flexiblen) Bewegungsaus- gleich zwischen den einzelnen Batteriezellen 10 bzw. zwischen den Batteriemodulen 1 1 , 12. Beispielhaft wird davon ausgegangen, dass die Pole 13, 14 Anbindungsbereiche 16 aufweisen (Fig. 2), die aus einem derartigen Material bestehen bzw. derart ausgebildet sind, dass zwischen dem jeweiligen Anbindungsbereich 16 und der Litze 15 eine Schweißverbindung mittels eines Laserstrahls 1 ausgebildet werden kann. Der Laserstrahl 1 wird entsprechend der Fig. 4 mittels einer Laserstrahleinrichtung 100 erzeugt, wobei die Position des Laserstrahls 1 zumindest im Anbindungsbereich 16 mittels einer Scanneroptik 1 10 in der Ebene des An- bindungsbereichs 16 verändert bzw. die Bewegung des Laserstrahls 1 gesteuert werden kann. The strands 15 preferably consist at least essentially of copper or aluminum and have a multiplicity of individual wires (stranded wires) interwoven with one another in the form of a wire mesh or the like. The strands 15 are in each case particularly preferably designed as flat strands, that is to say that they have a rectangular cross section with a relatively large width and a thickness which is relatively small compared to the width. By means of the strands 15 not only the electrical connection between the individual battery cells 10 and the battery modules 1 1, 12 is produced, but the strand 15 also serves a (flexible) Bewegungsaus- equal between the individual battery cells 10 and between the battery modules 1 1 , 12. By way of example, it is assumed that the poles 13, 14 have connection regions 16 (FIG. 2) which consist of such a material or are formed such that a welded joint is formed between the respective connection region 16 and the strand 15 by means of a laser beam 1 can. The laser beam 1 is generated in accordance with FIG. 4 by means of a laser beam device 100, wherein the position of the laser beam 1 can be changed at least in the connection region 16 by means of a scanner optical system 10 in the plane of the attachment region 16 or the movement of the laser beam 1 can be controlled.
Durch Aufschmelzen des Materials der Litze 15 und des Anbindungsbereichs 16 in einem Schweißbereich 17 durch den Laserstrahl 1 wird die gewünschte stoffschlüssige Verbindung zwischen der Litze 15 und dem Verbindungsbereich 16 der Batteriezelle 10 hergestellt. In der Fig. 3 ist der Anbindungsbereich 16 sowie der Schweißbereich 17 an einer Batteriezelle 10 näher dargestellt, wobei auf die Darstellung der Litze 15 verzichtet wurde. Hierbei ist erkennbar, dass der Laserstrahl 1 in Überdeckung mit der Litze 15 einen serpentinenartigen Vorschubweg 18 aufweist, um den der Laserstrahl 1 oszillierend hin- und herbewegt wird. Durch eine derartige Bewegung des Laserstrahls 1 wird eine großflächige Erwärmung des Materials der Litze 15 und des Anbindungsbereichs 16 im By melting the material of the strand 15 and the connection region 16 in a welding region 17 by the laser beam 1, the desired cohesive connection between the strand 15 and the connection region 16 of the battery cell 10 is produced. In FIG. 3, the connection region 16 and the welding region 17 on a battery cell 10 are shown in greater detail, with the illustration of the stranded wire 15 omitted. It can be seen here that the laser beam 1 in overlap with the stranded wire 15 has a serpentine feed path 18 around which the laser beam 1 is reciprocated in an oscillating manner. By such a movement of the laser beam 1 is a large-scale heating of the material of the strand 15 and the connection region 16 in
Schweißbereich 17 erzielt. Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel wird der Laserstrahl 1 oszillierend senkrecht zur Vorschubrichtung des Laserstrahls 1 bewegt. Es ist jedoch auch denkbar, dass der Laserstrahl 1 , in Bezug auf die Vorschubrichtung des Laserstrahls 1 , in Längsrichtung des Vorschubwegs 18 hin- und herbewegt wird. Wesentlich dabei ist, dass durch die angesprochene oszillierende Bewegung des Laserstrahls 1 innerhalb des Drahtgeflechts der Litze 15 vorhandene Lufteinschlüsse ausgetrieben werden können, so dass eine besonders gute Wärmeübertragung des Laserstrahls 1 auf die Litze 15 und auf den Anbindungsbereich 16 erzielt wird. Es genügt somit, die Litze 15 mit einer relativ geringen Niederhalte- bzw. Anlagekraft auf den Anbindungsbereich 16 zu positionieren bzw. zu drücken, um die gewünschte stoffschlüssige Verbindung zwischen der Litze 15 und dem Pol 13, 14 der Batteriezelle 10 zu erzeugen. Welding range 17 achieved. In the illustrated embodiment, the laser beam 1 is oscillated perpendicular to the feed direction of the laser beam 1 moves. However, it is also conceivable that the laser beam 1, with respect to the feed direction of the laser beam 1, in the longitudinal direction of the feed path 18 is reciprocated. It is essential that 15 existing air pockets can be expelled by the aforementioned oscillating movement of the laser beam 1 within the wire mesh of the strand, so that a particularly good heat transfer of the laser beam 1 on the strand 15 and the connection region 16 is achieved. It is thus sufficient to position the strand 15 with a relatively low hold-down or contact force on the connection region 16 or to press to produce the desired cohesive connection between the strand 15 and the pole 13, 14 of the battery cell 10.
Das soweit beschriebene Verfahren kann in vielfältiger Art und Weise abgewandelt bzw. modifiziert werden, ohne vom Erfindungsgedanken abzuweichen. Ins- besondere ist die Wahl der geeigneten Laserstrahleinrichtung 100 sowie des verwendeten Materials für die Litze 15 und deren geometrische Dimensionierung von dem jeweiligen Anwendungsfall abhängig. Auch wird die Form und Größe der Schweißverbindung zwischen der Litze 15 und dem Anbindungsbereich 16 gegebenenfalls von Fall zu Fall unterschiedlich gewählt werden müssen. Es kann auch vorgesehen sein, dass der Laserstrahl 1 den Schweißbereich 17 zwischen der Litze 15 und dem Anbindungsbereich 16 mehrfach überstreicht. The method described so far can be varied or modified in many ways, without departing from the spirit of the invention. INS In particular, the choice of the suitable laser beam device 100 as well as the material used for the strand 15 and its geometric dimensioning depends on the particular application. Also, the shape and size of the welded joint between the strand 15 and the connection region 16 may need to be chosen differently from case to case. It can also be provided that the laser beam 1 passes over the welding area 17 several times between the stranded wire 15 and the connection area 16.

Claims

Ansprüche: 1 . Verfahren zum Verbinden von Polen (13, 14) zweier Batteriezellen (10), mit einem als Litze (15) ausgebildeten, die Pole (13, 14) der Batteriezellen (10) miteinander verbindenden Verbindungselement, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Litze (15) unmittelbar mit einem Pol (13, 14) einer Batteriezelle (10) in einem Schweißbereich (17) mittels eines Laserstrahls (1 ) zur Ausbildung einer Laserstrahlverschweißung verbunden wird. Claims: 1. Method for connecting poles (13, 14) of two battery cells (10), with a connecting element designed as a stranded wire (15) connecting the poles (13, 14) of the battery cells (10), characterized in that the stranded wire (15) is directly connected to a pole (13, 14) of a battery cell (10) in a welding area (17) by means of a laser beam (1) for forming a laser beam welding.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , 2. The method according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass der Laserstrahl (1 ) im Schweißbereich (17) oszillierend bewegt wird.  the laser beam (1) is oscillated in the welding region (17).
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, 3. The method according to claim 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass der Laserstrahl (1 ) vorzugsweise senkrecht zur Vorschubrichtung des Laserstrahls (1 ) oszillierend bewegt wird.  in that the laser beam (1) is preferably moved in an oscillating manner perpendicular to the feed direction of the laser beam (1).
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, 4. The method according to claim 2 or 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass der Laserstrahl (1 ) den Schweißbereich (17) mehrfach überstreicht.  the laser beam (1) sweeps over the welding area (17) several times.
5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass als Litze (15) ein Litzenband mit einem rechteckigen Querschnitt verwendet wird.  in that a stranded strip having a rectangular cross-section is used as the stranded wire (15).
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass die Litze (15) zumindest im Wesentlichen aus Kupfer oder Aluminium besteht. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6, the strand (15) consists at least essentially of copper or aluminum. Method according to one of claims 2 to 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass der Laserstahl (1 ) durch eine Optikeinrichtung (1 10) bewegt wird. that the laser steel (1) by an optical device (1 10) is moved.
Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, Method according to one of claims 1 to 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass Batteriezellen (10) eines Batteriemoduls (1 1 , 12) miteinander verbunden werden. that battery cells (10) of a battery module (1 1, 12) are interconnected.
Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, Method according to one of claims 1 to 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass jeweils mehrere Batteriezellen (10) aufweisende Batteriemodule (1 1 , 12) miteinander verbunden werden. that in each case a plurality of battery cells (10) having battery modules (1 1, 12) are interconnected.
Batteriemodul (1 1 , 12), umfassend mehrere Batteriezellen (10), deren Pole (13, 14) mittels eines Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 miteinander verbunden sind. Battery module (1 1, 12), comprising a plurality of battery cells (10), the poles (13, 14) by means of a method according to one of claims 1 to 9 are interconnected.
EP13711049.0A 2012-04-25 2013-03-21 Method for connecting battery cell poles Withdrawn EP2842183A1 (en)

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DE102012206830A DE102012206830A1 (en) 2012-04-25 2012-04-25 Method for connecting poles of battery cells
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