EP2837809B1 - Cylinder head of a combustion engine and method for constructing a cylinder head of a combustion engine - Google Patents

Cylinder head of a combustion engine and method for constructing a cylinder head of a combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2837809B1
EP2837809B1 EP14176991.9A EP14176991A EP2837809B1 EP 2837809 B1 EP2837809 B1 EP 2837809B1 EP 14176991 A EP14176991 A EP 14176991A EP 2837809 B1 EP2837809 B1 EP 2837809B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sheet metal
cylinder head
metal jacket
jacket
exhaust
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EP14176991.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2837809A1 (en
Inventor
Manfred Kloft
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Volkswagen AG
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Volkswagen AG
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Publication of EP2837809A1 publication Critical patent/EP2837809A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder headsĀ 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/243—Cylinder heads and inlet or exhaust manifolds integrally cast together
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder headsĀ 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/42—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads
    • F02F1/4285—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads of both intake and exhaust channel
    • F02F1/4292—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads of both intake and exhaust channel with liners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F2200/00—Manufacturing
    • F02F2200/06—Casting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine with at least one exhaust port, which is formed by a sheet metal jacket encapsulated by the cylinder head.
  • the invention relates to a method for producing a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, in which a one-piece sheet metal jacket or individual jacket parts of a sheet metal jacket are integrated into the cylinder head.
  • a device of the type mentioned is from the document DE 39 15 988 A1 known.
  • This describes a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine with at least one exhaust port, which is formed by a sheet metal jacket cast into the cylinder head.
  • a heat-insulating layer is provided between the cast-in sheet metal jacket and the cast body of the cylinder head.
  • the heat-insulating layer can be formed by coating the sheet metal jacket with a ceramic material, for example by spraying, before casting.
  • a method of the type mentioned is from the document DD 290 705 A5 known.
  • This describes a ceramic lining of a gas duct for a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine.
  • the ceramic lining provides favorable thermal insulation for the exhaust gases flowing through the exhaust pipe.
  • the lining is produced by inserting it subsequently into the cast cylinder head.
  • the lining is attached to the cast material of the cylinder head using a high temperature resistant adhesive.
  • preceramic polymer It is still from the pamphlets DE 10 2009 046 003 A1 and DE 10 2007 034 609 A1 such as DE 10 2006 008 010 A1 known to use a preceramic polymer.
  • the preceramic polymer is applied to a workpiece and converted into an amorphous or crystalline ceramic by heating.
  • An exhaust manifold is a component of the exhaust system of internal combustion engines.
  • the exhaust manifold is usually connected directly to the engine, in particular its cylinder head.
  • the exhaust manifold serves as a manifold and combines the individual exhaust channels of the Combustion chambers of the engine to a common exhaust pipe.
  • the required strong cooling of the cylinder head also has an effect on the exhaust ports and in particular on the exhaust manifold. Since the exhaust gases stay longer in the cylinder head with an exhaust manifold integrated in the cylinder head, they are cooled accordingly.
  • a high exhaust gas temperature is advantageous for operating a catalytic converter and / or turbocharger arranged in the exhaust line between the exhaust manifold and the exhaust.
  • the DE 38 15 406 A1 discloses a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine with exhaust ports, which is formed by a sheet metal jacket encapsulated by the cylinder head. All of the exhaust ports are formed in sections by a sheet metal jacket cast into the cylinder head. An exhaust manifold is also formed by the sheet metal jacket.
  • the sheet metal jacket is provided with thermal insulation and is made up of several tubular parts.
  • the DE 39 40 946 A1 relates to a lining that is designed as a one-piece ceramic component.
  • the US 4,077,458 A shows a single outlet duct of an internal combustion engine, which is equipped with a lining consisting of curved shells with a protective layer, an additional annular gap serving as thermal insulation.
  • the invention is based on the object of overcoming the disadvantages of the prior art and developing a device or a method of the type mentioned at the outset.
  • a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine in which all the outlet channels are formed, at least in sections, and an exhaust manifold is formed by a sheet metal jacket cast around the cylinder head.
  • the sheet metal jacket is composed of several jacket parts, preferably of two jacket parts. This simplifies the handling of the sheet metal jacket, in particular during its manufacture, during transport, storage and further processing, for example when it is inserted into the mold.
  • the sheet metal jacket can be easily deformed due to its small wall thickness and can therefore be rendered unusable.
  • a mold often consists of two mold halves. Since these are also prepared for casting independently of one another, it is further provided that one jacket part is an upper half-shell and another jacket part is a lower half-shell of the sheet metal jacket.
  • Each of the half shells is assigned to another half of the cross section of the exhaust gas duct of the exhaust ducts or the exhaust manifold. The half-shells are inserted into the respective mold half before the mold is closed.
  • the sheet metal jacket is designed in such a way that all outlet channels are completely lined with the sheet metal jacket, in particular from the valve seat to the exhaust manifold.
  • the sheet metal jacket starting from the exhaust manifold, extends only over a partial longitudinal section of the outlet channels.
  • the sheet metal jacket only extends from the exhaust manifold to the beginning of the strong curvature in the central section of the exhaust ducts, so that, in its entirety, it has an approximately flat geometric structure.
  • the sheet metal jacket is made in one piece. On the one hand, this enables a quick and precise assembly of a casting mold, on the other hand the geometry of the exhaust gas duct can be precisely specified by the sheet metal jacket and can be customized independently of the casting mold. In addition, a one-piece sheet metal jacket has only a few joining areas and connection connections, which reduces the effort required to produce a conduit that is sealed against the exhaust gas.
  • the sheet metal jacket is filled with a sand core, which is only removed after casting. This makes handling the thin-walled and therefore sensitive sheet metal jacket easier and safer.
  • the sheet metal jacket in the seam area of two adjacent jacket parts in sections perpendicular to the envelope of the outlet channel and / or of the exhaust manifold is oriented.
  • the edge sections of the two jacket parts oriented perpendicular to the envelope curve lie against one another and are non-positively and / or cohesively connected during the encapsulation. So it is not possible for the exhaust gas to flow behind the sheet metal jacket, in particular to penetrate between the sheet metal jacket and the cylinder head. This serves to protect the cylinder head and also an optionally provided insulation layer between the sheet metal jacket and the cylinder head.
  • the sheet metal jacket has a coating at least in sections on an outer surface facing the cylinder head and / or an inner surface facing the exhaust gas duct.
  • the coating is formed from a ceramic material and / or from an enamel material and / or from a preceramic polymer, the coating being applied to the sheet metal jacket before the cylinder head is cast.
  • the coating is preferably applied by means of thermal coating, spraying and / or dipping.
  • Several layers of different materials are possible. Zirconium oxides and aluminum oxides have proven to be particularly practical as ceramic materials.
  • the exhaust gas duct is the duct structure, which includes the exhaust ducts and the exhaust gas manifold, and carries the exhaust gas between the combustion chamber and the exhaust gas line adjoining the cylinder head.
  • the heat transfer between the sheet metal jacket and the cylinder head made of aluminum is greater than when a coating and / or structuring of the sheet metal jacket is interposed.
  • a coating or structuring applied to the outer surface of the sheet metal jacket is protected against the influence of the exhaust gas.
  • the coating has a thickness of 0.1 to 10 millimeters, preferably 0.5 millimeters.
  • the sheet metal jacket has a thickness of 0.1 to 10 millimeters, preferably 0.5 millimeters. According to a special embodiment, the sheet metal jacket and the coating have the same thickness.
  • Thermal insulation of the sheet metal jacket with respect to the cylinder head is also achieved according to the invention by structuring the sheet metal jacket at least in sections on an outer surface facing the cylinder head.
  • the structuring can be done by a Order and / or recesses can be formed on the outer surface.
  • the structuring provides an insulating air gap between the sheet metal jacket and the cylinder head.
  • the thermal insulation of the exhaust gas from the cylinder head can also reduce the thermal load on the cylinder head and thus the cooling requirement.
  • a method for producing a cylinder head according to the invention of an internal combustion engine in which individual jacket parts of a multi-part sheet metal jacket are inserted into a casting mold and the casting mold is closed. Finally, the sheet metal jacket is cast around a casting material to form the cylinder head.
  • the individual parts of the sheet metal jacket can first be provided with a coating and / or structuring, at least in sections.
  • the sheet metal jacket is coated by means of a thermal application process, for example flame spraying, and / or by means of spraying and / or by means of dipping.
  • the sheet metal jacket is structured by means of sandblasting and / or by means of a chemical reaction and / or by means of a laser beam.
  • Figure 1 shows a two-part sheet metal jacket 1.
  • the sheet metal jacket 1 consists of two jacket parts 2, 3, one jacket part 2 an upper half-shell and the other jacket part 3 a lower Half shell of the sheet metal jacket 1 is. Assembled, the jacket parts 2, 3 form the sheet metal jacket 1.
  • An exhaust gas duct 9 is formed by the sheet metal jacket 1, which comprises the outlet channels 4 and an exhaust manifold 5.
  • the sheet metal jacket 1 has an outer surface 6 and an inner surface 7.
  • the sheet metal jacket 1 has a coating 8 on the outer surface 6.
  • FIG 2 shows a section of a cylinder head 10 with at least one exhaust port 4 of an internal combustion engine, not shown here.
  • An exhaust duct 9 is formed by a sheet metal jacket 1 cast into the cylinder head 10, which exhaust duct 4 and one in Figure 1 includes indicated exhaust manifold 5 of the internal combustion engine.
  • the sheet metal jacket 1 is composed of two jacket parts 2, 3.
  • the sheet metal jacket 1 has edge sections 12 in the seam region 11.
  • the edge sections 12 are oriented in sections perpendicular to the envelope curve of the exhaust gas duct 9.
  • the edge sections 12 of adjacent jacket parts 2, 3 abut one another.
  • the sheet metal jacket 1 has a coating 8 in sections on its outer surface 6 facing the cylinder head 10.
  • the thickness 13 of the coating 8 and the sheet metal jacket 1 is in each case 0.5 millimeters.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Zylinderkopf einer Brennkraftmaschine mit mindestens einem Auslasskanal, der durch einen vom Zylinderkopf umgossenen Blechmantel gebildet ist.The invention relates to a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine with at least one exhaust port, which is formed by a sheet metal jacket encapsulated by the cylinder head.

Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Zylinderkopfes einer Brennkraftmaschine, bei dem ein einteiliger Blechmantel oder einzelne Mantelteile eines Blechmantels in den Zylinderkopf integriert werden.Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, in which a one-piece sheet metal jacket or individual jacket parts of a sheet metal jacket are integrated into the cylinder head.

Eine Vorrichtung der genannten Art ist aus der Druckschrift DE 39 15 988 A1 bekannt. Diese beschreibt einen Zylinderkopf einer Brennkraftmaschine mit mindestens einem Auslasskanal, der durch einen in den Zylinderkopf eingegossenen Blechmantel gebildet ist. Zwischen dem eingegossenen Blechmantel und dem Gusskƶrper des Zylinderkopfes ist eine wƤrmeisolierende Schicht vorgesehen. Die wƤrmeisolierende Schicht kann durch Beschichtung des Blechmantels mit einem Keramikmaterial, beispielsweise durch Aufspritzen, vor dem GieƟen gebildet sein.A device of the type mentioned is from the document DE 39 15 988 A1 known. This describes a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine with at least one exhaust port, which is formed by a sheet metal jacket cast into the cylinder head. A heat-insulating layer is provided between the cast-in sheet metal jacket and the cast body of the cylinder head. The heat-insulating layer can be formed by coating the sheet metal jacket with a ceramic material, for example by spraying, before casting.

Ein Verfahren der genannten Art ist aus der Druckschrift DD 290 705 A5 bekannt. Diese beschreibt eine keramische Auskleidung eines GasfĆ¼hrungskanales fĆ¼r einen Zylinderkopf einer Verbrennungsmaschine. Die keramische Auskleidung bewirkt eine gĆ¼nstige WƤrmeisolierung der durch die Abgasleitung strƶmenden Abgase. Die Herstellung der Auskleidung erfolgt, indem diese nachtrƤglich in den gegossenen Zylinderkopf eingefĆ¼gt wird. Die Auskleidung wird mittels eines hochtemperaturbestƤndigen Klebstoffes an dem Gussmaterial des Zylinderkopfes befestigt.A method of the type mentioned is from the document DD 290 705 A5 known. This describes a ceramic lining of a gas duct for a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine. The ceramic lining provides favorable thermal insulation for the exhaust gases flowing through the exhaust pipe. The lining is produced by inserting it subsequently into the cast cylinder head. The lining is attached to the cast material of the cylinder head using a high temperature resistant adhesive.

Es ist weiterhin aus den Druckschriften DE 10 2009 046 003 A1 und DE 10 2007 034 609 A1 sowie DE 10 2006 008 010 A1 die Verwendung eines prekeramischen Polymers bekannt. Das prekeramische Polymer wird auf ein WerkstĆ¼ck aufgetragen und durch Erhitzen in eine amorphe oder kristalline Keramik umgewandelt.It is still from the pamphlets DE 10 2009 046 003 A1 and DE 10 2007 034 609 A1 such as DE 10 2006 008 010 A1 known to use a preceramic polymer. The preceramic polymer is applied to a workpiece and converted into an amorphous or crystalline ceramic by heating.

Ein AbgaskrĆ¼mmer ist ein Bauteil der Abgasanlage von Verbrennungsmotoren. Ɯblicherweise ist der AbgaskrĆ¼mmer direkt mit dem Motor, insbesondere dessen Zylinderkopf verbunden. Der AbgaskrĆ¼mmer dient als Sammelleitung und vereint die einzelnen AuslasskanƤle der BrennrƤume des Motors zu einer gemeinsamen Abgasleitung. Bei einem im Zylinderkopf integrierten AbgaskrĆ¼mmer wirkt sich die erforderliche starke KĆ¼hlung des Zylinderkopfes auch auf die AuslasskanƤle und insbesondere auf den AbgaskrĆ¼mmer aus. Da die Abgase bei einem im Zylinderkopf integrierten AbgaskrĆ¼mmer lƤnger im Zylinderkopf verweilen, werden sie entsprechend abgekĆ¼hlt. FĆ¼r den Betrieb eines im Abgasstrang zwischen AbgaskrĆ¼mmer und Auspuff angeordneten Katalysators und/oder Turboladers ist jedoch eine hohe Abgastemperatur vorteilhaft.An exhaust manifold is a component of the exhaust system of internal combustion engines. The exhaust manifold is usually connected directly to the engine, in particular its cylinder head. The exhaust manifold serves as a manifold and combines the individual exhaust channels of the Combustion chambers of the engine to a common exhaust pipe. In the case of an exhaust manifold integrated in the cylinder head, the required strong cooling of the cylinder head also has an effect on the exhaust ports and in particular on the exhaust manifold. Since the exhaust gases stay longer in the cylinder head with an exhaust manifold integrated in the cylinder head, they are cooled accordingly. However, a high exhaust gas temperature is advantageous for operating a catalytic converter and / or turbocharger arranged in the exhaust line between the exhaust manifold and the exhaust.

Die DE 38 15 406 A1 offenbart einen Zylinderkopf einer Brennkraftmaschine mit AuslasskanƤlen, der durch einen vom Zylinderkopf umgossenen Blechmantel gebildet ist. Alle AuslasskanƤle sind abschnittsweise durch einen in dem Zylinderkopf eingegossenen Blechmantel gebildet. Auch ein AbgaskrĆ¼mmer ist durch den Blechmantel gebildet. Der Blechmantel ist mit einer WƤrmeisolierung versehen und aus mehreren rƶhrenfƶrmigen Teilen ausgelegt.The DE 38 15 406 A1 discloses a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine with exhaust ports, which is formed by a sheet metal jacket encapsulated by the cylinder head. All of the exhaust ports are formed in sections by a sheet metal jacket cast into the cylinder head. An exhaust manifold is also formed by the sheet metal jacket. The sheet metal jacket is provided with thermal insulation and is made up of several tubular parts.

Die DE 39 40 946 A1 betrifft eine Auskleidung, die als einstĆ¼ckiges Keramikbauteil ausgefĆ¼hrt ist.The DE 39 40 946 A1 relates to a lining that is designed as a one-piece ceramic component.

Die US 4 077 458 A zeigt einen einzelnen Auslasskanal einer Brennkraftmaschine, welcher mit einer aus gebogenen Schalen bestehenden Auskleidung mit einer Schutzschicht ausgestattet ist, wobei ein zusƤtzlicher Ringspalt als WƤrmeisolierung dient.The US 4,077,458 A shows a single outlet duct of an internal combustion engine, which is equipped with a lining consisting of curved shells with a protective layer, an additional annular gap serving as thermal insulation.

Vor diesem Hintergrund liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Nachteile des Standes der Technik zu Ć¼berwinden und eine Vorrichtung beziehungsweise ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art weiterzubilden.Against this background, the invention is based on the object of overcoming the disadvantages of the prior art and developing a device or a method of the type mentioned at the outset.

Diese Aufgabe wird gelƶst mit einer Vorrichtung gemƤƟ den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 1. Die UnteransprĆ¼che betreffen besonders zweckmƤƟige Weiterbildungen der Erfindung.This object is achieved with a device according to the features of claim 1. The subclaims relate to particularly expedient developments of the invention.

ErfindungsgemƤƟ ist also ein Zylinderkopf einer Brennkraftmaschine vorgesehen, bei dem alle AuslasskanƤle zumindest abschnittsweise und ein AbgaskrĆ¼mmer durch einen vom Zylinderkopf umgossenen Blechmantel gebildet sind. Hierdurch wird es mƶglich, den von den AuslasskanƤlen und dem AbgaskrĆ¼mmer gebildeten Abgaskanal mit einem Material geringerer WƤrmeleitfƤhigkeit und hoher Standfestigkeit gegenĆ¼ber den aggressiven Abgasen zu schaffen.According to the invention, therefore, a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine is provided, in which all the outlet channels are formed, at least in sections, and an exhaust manifold is formed by a sheet metal jacket cast around the cylinder head. This makes it possible to create the exhaust gas duct formed by the exhaust ducts and the exhaust manifold with a material of lower thermal conductivity and a high level of stability with respect to the aggressive exhaust gases.

ErfindungsgemƤƟ ist vorgesehen, dass der Blechmantel aus mehreren Mantelteilen, vorzugsweise aus zwei Mantelteilen zusammengesetzt ist. Hierdurch wird die Handhabung des Blechmantels, insbesondere bei dessen Herstellung, beim Transport, der Lagerung und bei der Weiterverarbeitung, beispielsweise dem Einlegen in die Gussform, erleichtert. Der Blechmantel kann wegen seiner geringen WandstƤrke leicht verformt und damit unbrauchbar werden.According to the invention, it is provided that the sheet metal jacket is composed of several jacket parts, preferably of two jacket parts. This simplifies the handling of the sheet metal jacket, in particular during its manufacture, during transport, storage and further processing, for example when it is inserted into the mold. The sheet metal jacket can be easily deformed due to its small wall thickness and can therefore be rendered unusable.

Eine Gussform besteht hƤufig aus zwei FormhƤlften. Da diese auch unabhƤngig voneinander fĆ¼r den Guss vorbereitet werden, ist weiterhin vorgesehen, dass ein Mantelteil eine obere Halbschale und ein weiteres Mantelteil eine untere Halbschale des Blechmantels ist. Dabei ist jede der Halbschalen einer anderen HƤlfte des Querschnittes des Abgaskanales der AuslasskanƤle beziehungsweise des AbgaskrĆ¼mmers zugeordnet. Die Halbschalen werden in die jeweilige FormhƤlfte eingelegt, bevor die Gussform geschlossen wird.A mold often consists of two mold halves. Since these are also prepared for casting independently of one another, it is further provided that one jacket part is an upper half-shell and another jacket part is a lower half-shell of the sheet metal jacket. Each of the half shells is assigned to another half of the cross section of the exhaust gas duct of the exhaust ducts or the exhaust manifold. The half-shells are inserted into the respective mold half before the mold is closed.

Bei einer AusfĆ¼hrungsform der Erfindung ist der Blechmantel derart ausgebildet, dass alle AuslasskanƤle vollstƤndig, insbesondere vom Ventilsitz bis zum AbgaskrĆ¼mmer mit dem Blechmantel ausgekleidet sind. Bei einer alternativen, fertigungstechnisch einfacheren und daher bevorzugten AusfĆ¼hrungsform ist der Blechmantel von dem AbgaskrĆ¼mmer ausgehend nur Ć¼ber einen TeillƤngsabschnitt der AuslasskanƤle erstreckt. Beispielsweise reicht der Blechmantel von dem AbgaskrĆ¼mmer nur bis zum Beginn der starken KrĆ¼mmung im mittleren Abschnitt der AuslasskanƤle, sodass dieser in seiner Gesamtheit eine annƤhernd flache geometrische Struktur aufweist.In one embodiment of the invention, the sheet metal jacket is designed in such a way that all outlet channels are completely lined with the sheet metal jacket, in particular from the valve seat to the exhaust manifold. In an alternative embodiment that is simpler in terms of production technology and therefore preferred, the sheet metal jacket, starting from the exhaust manifold, extends only over a partial longitudinal section of the outlet channels. For example, the sheet metal jacket only extends from the exhaust manifold to the beginning of the strong curvature in the central section of the exhaust ducts, so that, in its entirety, it has an approximately flat geometric structure.

Als vorteilhaft erwiesen hat es sich, dass der Blechmantel einteilig ausgefĆ¼hrt ist. Hierdurch ist einerseits eine schnelle prƤzise BestĆ¼ckung einer Gussform mƶglich, andererseits kann die Geometrie des Abgaskanales durch den Blechmantel exakt vorgegeben werden und ist unabhƤngig von der Gussform individualisierbar. DarĆ¼ber hinaus hat ein einteiliger Blechmantel nur wenige FĆ¼gebereiche und VerbindungsanschlĆ¼sse, was den Aufwand zur Herstellung eines fĆ¼r das Abgas dichten Leitungskanales reduziert.It has proven to be advantageous that the sheet metal jacket is made in one piece. On the one hand, this enables a quick and precise assembly of a casting mold, on the other hand the geometry of the exhaust gas duct can be precisely specified by the sheet metal jacket and can be customized independently of the casting mold. In addition, a one-piece sheet metal jacket has only a few joining areas and connection connections, which reduces the effort required to produce a conduit that is sealed against the exhaust gas.

Als praktisch erwiesen hat es sich, dass der Blechmantel mit einem Sandkern gefĆ¼llt ist, welcher erst nach dem Guss entfernt wird. Hierdurch ist die Handhabung des dĆ¼nnwandigen und daher empfindlichen Blechmantels einfacher und sicherer.It has proven to be practical that the sheet metal jacket is filled with a sand core, which is only removed after casting. This makes handling the thin-walled and therefore sensitive sheet metal jacket easier and safer.

Besonders Erfolg versprechend ist es, dass der Blechmantel im Nahtbereich zweier benachbarter Mantelteile abschnittsweise senkrecht zur HĆ¼llkurve des Auslasskanales und/oder des AbgaskrĆ¼mmers orientiert ist. Hierdurch wird es bei einem mehrteiligen Blechmantel mƶglich, eine hohe Dichtigkeit gegenĆ¼ber dem Abgas zu erreichen. Die senkrecht zur HĆ¼llkurve orientierten Kantenabschnitte der beiden Mantelteile liegen aneinander und werden beim UmgieƟen kraftschlĆ¼ssig und/oder stoffschlĆ¼ssig verbunden. So ist es dem Abgas nicht mƶglich, hinter den Blechmantel zustrƶmen, insbesondere zwischen Blechmantel und Zylinderkopf einzudringen. Dies dient dem Schutz des Zylinderkopfes und auch einer gegebenenfalls vorgesehenen Isolationsschicht zwischen dem Blechmantel und dem Zylinderkopf.It is particularly promising that the sheet metal jacket in the seam area of two adjacent jacket parts in sections perpendicular to the envelope of the outlet channel and / or of the exhaust manifold is oriented. This makes it possible for a multi-part sheet metal jacket to achieve a high level of tightness with respect to the exhaust gas. The edge sections of the two jacket parts oriented perpendicular to the envelope curve lie against one another and are non-positively and / or cohesively connected during the encapsulation. So it is not possible for the exhaust gas to flow behind the sheet metal jacket, in particular to penetrate between the sheet metal jacket and the cylinder head. This serves to protect the cylinder head and also an optionally provided insulation layer between the sheet metal jacket and the cylinder head.

Als aussichtsreich erwiesen hat es sich, dass der Blechmantel zumindest abschnittsweise an einer dem Zylinderkopf zugewandten AuƟenflƤche und/oder einer dem Abgaskanal zugewandten InnenflƤche abschnittsweise eine Beschichtung aufweist. Die Beschichtung ist aus einem Keramikmaterial und/oder aus einem Emailmaterial und/oder aus einem prekeramischen Polymer gebildet, wobei die Beschichtung vor einem GieƟen des Zylinderkopfes auf den Blechmantel aufgetragen wurde. Der Auftrag der Beschichtung erfolgt vorzugsweise mittels thermischen Beschichtens, SprĆ¼hens und/oder Tauchens. Dabei sind mehrere Schichten unterschiedlicher Materialien mƶglich. Als Keramikmaterialien haben sich Zirkonoxide und Aluminiumoxide als besonders praktisch erwiesen.It has proven to be promising that the sheet metal jacket has a coating at least in sections on an outer surface facing the cylinder head and / or an inner surface facing the exhaust gas duct. The coating is formed from a ceramic material and / or from an enamel material and / or from a preceramic polymer, the coating being applied to the sheet metal jacket before the cylinder head is cast. The coating is preferably applied by means of thermal coating, spraying and / or dipping. Several layers of different materials are possible. Zirconium oxides and aluminum oxides have proven to be particularly practical as ceramic materials.

Der Abgaskanal ist die die AuslasskanƤle und den AbgaskrĆ¼mmer einschlieƟende und abgasfĆ¼hrende Kanalstruktur zwischen dem Brennraum und der an den Zylinderkopf anschlieƟenden Abgasleitung.The exhaust gas duct is the duct structure, which includes the exhaust ducts and the exhaust gas manifold, and carries the exhaust gas between the combustion chamber and the exhaust gas line adjoining the cylinder head.

Die WƤrmeĆ¼bertragung zwischen dem Blechmantel und dem aus Aluminium bestehenden Zylinderkopf ist grĆ¶ĆŸer als bei der Zwischenschaltung einer Beschichtung und/oder Strukturierung des Blechmantels. Eine auf der AuƟenflƤche des Blechmantels aufgebrachte Beschichtung oder Strukturierung ist vor dem Einfluss des Abgases geschĆ¼tzt. Die Beschichtung hat eine MƤchtigkeit von 0,1 bis 10 Millimeter, vorzugsweise von 0,5 Millimeter. Der Blechmantel weist eine MƤchtigkeit von 0,1 bis 10 Millimeter, vorzugsweise von 0,5 Millimeter auf. GemƤƟ einer besonderen AusfĆ¼hrungsform haben der Blechmantel und die Beschichtung dieselbe MƤchtigkeit.The heat transfer between the sheet metal jacket and the cylinder head made of aluminum is greater than when a coating and / or structuring of the sheet metal jacket is interposed. A coating or structuring applied to the outer surface of the sheet metal jacket is protected against the influence of the exhaust gas. The coating has a thickness of 0.1 to 10 millimeters, preferably 0.5 millimeters. The sheet metal jacket has a thickness of 0.1 to 10 millimeters, preferably 0.5 millimeters. According to a special embodiment, the sheet metal jacket and the coating have the same thickness.

Eine WƤrmeisolierung des Blechmantels gegenĆ¼ber dem Zylinderkopf wird erfindungsgemƤƟ auch erreicht, indem der Blechmantel zumindest abschnittsweise an einer dem Zylinderkopf zugewandten AuƟenflƤche eine Strukturierung aufweist. Die Strukturierung kann durch einen Auftrag und/oder Ausnehmungen auf der AuƟenflƤche gebildet sein. Durch die Strukturierung ist zwischen dem Blechmantel und dem Zylinderkopf ein isolierender Luftspalt vorgesehen.Thermal insulation of the sheet metal jacket with respect to the cylinder head is also achieved according to the invention by structuring the sheet metal jacket at least in sections on an outer surface facing the cylinder head. The structuring can be done by a Order and / or recesses can be formed on the outer surface. The structuring provides an insulating air gap between the sheet metal jacket and the cylinder head.

Durch die thermische Isolierung des Abgases von dem Zylinderkopf kann auƟerdem die thermische Belastung des Zylinderkopfes und damit der KĆ¼hlbedarf gesenkt werden.The thermal insulation of the exhaust gas from the cylinder head can also reduce the thermal load on the cylinder head and thus the cooling requirement.

Die Aufgabe wird auch gelƶst mit einem Verfahren gemƤƟ den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 6. Der Unteranspruch betrifft eine zweckmƤƟige Weiterbildung der Erfindung.The object is also achieved with a method according to the features of patent claim 6. The subclaim relates to an expedient development of the invention.

ErfindungsgemƤƟ ist also ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines erfindungsgemƤƟen Zylinderkopfes einer Brennkraftmaschine vorgesehen, bei dem einzelne Mantelteile eines mehrteiligen Blechmantels in eine Gussform eingelegt werden und die Gussform geschlossen wird. SchlieƟlich wird der Blechmantel von einem Gussmaterial den Zylinderkopf bildend umgossen.According to the invention, a method for producing a cylinder head according to the invention of an internal combustion engine is therefore provided, in which individual jacket parts of a multi-part sheet metal jacket are inserted into a casting mold and the casting mold is closed. Finally, the sheet metal jacket is cast around a casting material to form the cylinder head.

Die einzelnen Manteile des Blechmantels kƶnnen zuerst zumindest abschnittsweise mit einer Beschichtung und/oder Strukturierung versehen werden. Die Beschichtung des Blechmantels erfolgt mittels eines thermischen Auftragsverfahrens, beispielsweise dem Flammspritzen, und/oder mittels SprĆ¼hen und/oder mittels Tauchen. Die Strukturierung des Blechmantels erfolgt mittels Sandstrahlen und/oder mittels chemischer Reaktion und/oder mittels eines Laserstrahles.The individual parts of the sheet metal jacket can first be provided with a coating and / or structuring, at least in sections. The sheet metal jacket is coated by means of a thermal application process, for example flame spraying, and / or by means of spraying and / or by means of dipping. The sheet metal jacket is structured by means of sandblasting and / or by means of a chemical reaction and / or by means of a laser beam.

Bei einem prekeramischen Polymer als Beschichtung wird dieses bei einem Ɯberschreiten bestimmter Temperaturen in ein Keramikmaterial umgewandelt. Diese Umwandlung erfolgt wƤhrend des GieƟens oder erst wƤhrend des Betriebes der Brennkraftmaschine.With a preceramic polymer as a coating, this is converted into a ceramic material when certain temperatures are exceeded. This conversion takes place during the casting or only during the operation of the internal combustion engine.

Die Erfindung lƤsst zahlreiche AusfĆ¼hrungsformen zu. Zur weiteren Verdeutlichung ihres Grundprinzips ist eine davon in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird nachfolgend beschrieben. Diese zeigt in

Fig. 1
eine schematische Darstellung eines Blechmantels fĆ¼r einen Abgaskanal;
Fig. 2
eine schematische Schnittdarstellung eines Ausschnittes eines Zylinderkopfes.
The invention permits numerous embodiments. To further clarify its basic principle, one of these is shown in the drawing and is described below. This shows in
Fig. 1
a schematic representation of a sheet metal jacket for an exhaust duct;
Fig. 2
is a schematic sectional view of a section of a cylinder head.

Figur 1 zeigt einen zweiteiligen Blechmantel 1. Der Blechmantel 1 besteht aus zwei Mantelteilen 2, 3, wobei das eine Mantelteil 2 eine obere Halbschale und das andere Mantelteil 3 eine untere Halbschale des Blechmantels 1 ist. Zusammengesetzt bilden die Mantelteile 2, 3 den Blechmantel 1. Durch den Blechmantel 1 ist ein Abgaskanal 9 gebildet, welcher die AuslasskanƤle 4 und einen AbgaskrĆ¼mmer 5 umfasst. Der Blechmantel 1 hat eine AuƟenflƤche 6 und eine InnenflƤche 7. An der AuƟenflƤche 6 weist der Blechmantel 1 eine Beschichtung 8 auf. Figure 1 shows a two-part sheet metal jacket 1. The sheet metal jacket 1 consists of two jacket parts 2, 3, one jacket part 2 an upper half-shell and the other jacket part 3 a lower Half shell of the sheet metal jacket 1 is. Assembled, the jacket parts 2, 3 form the sheet metal jacket 1. An exhaust gas duct 9 is formed by the sheet metal jacket 1, which comprises the outlet channels 4 and an exhaust manifold 5. The sheet metal jacket 1 has an outer surface 6 and an inner surface 7. The sheet metal jacket 1 has a coating 8 on the outer surface 6.

Figur 2 zeigt einen Ausschnitt eines Zylinderkopfes 10 mit mindestens einem Auslasskanal 4 einer hier nicht weiter dargestellten Brennkraftmaschine. Durch einen in den Zylinderkopf 10 eingegossenen Blechmantel 1 ist ein Abgaskanal 9 gebildet, der alle AuslasskanƤle 4 und einen in Figur 1 angedeuteten AbgaskrĆ¼mmer 5 der Brennkraftmaschine umfasst. Der Blechmantel 1 ist aus zwei Mantelteilen 2, 3 zusammengesetzt. Der Blechmantel 1 hat im Nahtbereich 11 Kantenabschnitte 12. Die Kantenabschnitte 12 sind abschnittsweise senkrecht zur HĆ¼llkurve des Abgaskanales 9 orientiert. Die Kantenabschnitte 12 benachbarter Mantelteile 2, 3 liegen aneinander an. Der Blechmantel 1 weist an seiner dem Zylinderkopf 10 zugewandten AuƟenflƤche 6 abschnittsweise eine Beschichtung 8 auf. Die MƤchtigkeit 13 der Beschichtung 8 und des Blechmantels 1 betrƤgt jeweils 0,5 Millimeter. Figure 2 shows a section of a cylinder head 10 with at least one exhaust port 4 of an internal combustion engine, not shown here. An exhaust duct 9 is formed by a sheet metal jacket 1 cast into the cylinder head 10, which exhaust duct 4 and one in Figure 1 includes indicated exhaust manifold 5 of the internal combustion engine. The sheet metal jacket 1 is composed of two jacket parts 2, 3. The sheet metal jacket 1 has edge sections 12 in the seam region 11. The edge sections 12 are oriented in sections perpendicular to the envelope curve of the exhaust gas duct 9. The edge sections 12 of adjacent jacket parts 2, 3 abut one another. The sheet metal jacket 1 has a coating 8 in sections on its outer surface 6 facing the cylinder head 10. The thickness 13 of the coating 8 and the sheet metal jacket 1 is in each case 0.5 millimeters.

BezugszeichenlisteReference symbol list

11
BlechmantelSheet metal jacket
22nd
MantelteilJacket part
33rd
MantelteilJacket part
44th
AuslasskanalExhaust duct
55
AbgaskrĆ¼mmerExhaust manifold
66
AuƟenflƤcheOutside surface
77
InnenflƤcheInner surface
88th
BeschichtungCoating
99
AbgaskanalExhaust duct
1010th
ZylinderkopfCylinder head
1111
NahtbereichSeam area
1212
KantenabschnittEdge section
1313
MƤchtigkeitMightiness

Claims (7)

  1. Cylinder head (10) of an internal combustion engine with at least one outlet duct (4) formed by a sheet metal jacket (1) cast around the cylinder head (10), wherein all outlet ducts (4) are formed at least in segments, and an exhaust manifold (5) is formed by the sheet metal jacket (1) cast in the cylinder head (10), characterized in that in that the sheet metal jacket (1) is composed of several jacket parts (2, 3), wherein one jacket part (2) is an upper half-shell and an additional jacket part (3) is a lower half-shell of the sheet metal jacket (1), and wherein each of the half-shells is associated with a different half of the cross-section of the outlet duct (4) or of the exhaust manifold (5), respectively.
  2. Cylinder head (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the sheet metal jacket (1) in the seam area (11) of two adjacent jacket parts (2, 3) is oriented, in segments, perpendicularly to the envelope curve of the outlet duct (4) or of the exhaust manifold (5), respectively.
  3. Cylinder head (10) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sheet metal jacket (1), at least in segments on an outer surface (6) facing the cylinder head (10) and/or on an inner surface (7) facing the exhaust duct (9) comprising the outlet ducts (4) and the exhaust manifold (5), has a coating (8), wherein the coating (8) is formed with a ceramic material and/or with an enamel material and/or with a pre-ceramic polymer before casting the cylinder head (10).
  4. Cylinder head (10) according to claim 3, characterized in that the coating (8) has a thickness (13) of 0.1 to 10 millimeters - preferably, of 0.5 millimeters - and/or the sheet metal jacket (1) has a thickness (13) of 0.1 to 10 millimeters - preferably, of 0.5 millimeters.
  5. Cylinder head (10) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sheet metal jacket (1) has a structuring at least in segments on an outer surface (6) facing the cylinder head (10).
  6. Method for manufacturing a cylinder head (10) of an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
    - inserting the jacket parts (2, 3) of the sheet metal jacket (1) into a casting mold,
    - closing the casting mold, and
    - recasting the sheet metal jacket (1) with a casting material.
  7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the sheet metal jacket (1) or the jacket parts (2, 3) are provided at least in segments with a structuring by means of sandblasting and/or by means of chemical reaction and/or by means of a laser beam.
EP14176991.9A 2013-08-16 2014-07-15 Cylinder head of a combustion engine and method for constructing a cylinder head of a combustion engine Active EP2837809B1 (en)

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DE102020103164A1 (en) 2020-02-07 2021-08-12 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Partially coated coolant-cooled exhaust manifold for a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine

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