EP2831517A1 - Linear solar energy collector system and solar power generator system - Google Patents
Linear solar energy collector system and solar power generator systemInfo
- Publication number
- EP2831517A1 EP2831517A1 EP13768874.3A EP13768874A EP2831517A1 EP 2831517 A1 EP2831517 A1 EP 2831517A1 EP 13768874 A EP13768874 A EP 13768874A EP 2831517 A1 EP2831517 A1 EP 2831517A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- solar energy
- energy collector
- collector system
- heat
- linear solar
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
- F24S50/20—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors for tracking
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/71—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with parabolic reflective surfaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/74—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with trough-shaped or cylindro-parabolic reflective surfaces
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a linear solar energy collector system formed of reflective lines for solar radiation arranged in parallel and a solar power generator system incorporating the same.
- FIG. 23A is a perspective view of an example of a related art linear Fresnel reflector and FIG. 23B is a view of the same seen from one end of a light receiving line, as disclosed in Solar 2004: Life, the Universe and Renewables "Steam-circuit Model for the compact Linear Fresnel Reflector Prototype" and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US2009/0056703 (Reference 1), for example.
- the related art reflector comprises reflective lines LI, L2,... arranged in parallel on the ground and light receiving lines Gl, G2,... provided at a certain cycle astride the columns of the reflective lines in parallel to the reflective lines.
- a large number of rectangular mirror plates H as heliostats are disposed and on each of the light receiving lines Gl, G2,... receivers as a heat collector are provided in parallel with a certain spacing.
- the rotation angles of the mirror plates H are individually controlled around a rotation axis to reflect incident solar radiation to respective neighboring receivers R.
- the heat of the reflected light at the receivers R is transformed into high-temperature water vapor via a heat medium.
- the reflective lines LI, L2, ... and the receivers R are both arranged in parallel in a south-north direction.
- the angle of the reflective line LI, L2, ... is adjusted in an east-west direction so that the mirror plates H thereon can track solar motion and allow the reflected light to be always collected in the vicinity of the receivers R.
- the solar energy collector is used in a solar power generator system.
- a parabolic trough solar generator system There are commercial power plants in operation such as a parabolic trough solar generator system or a central tower solar generator system.
- the parabolic trough solar power generator system uses a gutter-like parabolic mirror having pipes on the focal position to collect solar radiation and heat fluids as oil flowing in the pipes, and produce thermal energy, thereby generating electric power.
- the central tower solar power generator system uses a plane mirror with a solar tracking device and a collector of a tower at the center to concentrate solar radiation and retrieve heat from fluids flowing in the top of the tower, thereby generating electric power.
- the parabolic trough type generates power at relatively low costs but cannot operate efficiently due to a low temperature of heated fluids.
- the central tower type can generate high-temperature fluids but is not cost efficient since it requires accurate energy concentration.
- the linear Fresnel reflector is a simple structure with a relatively low rigidity and high land-use efficiency and insusceptible to wind, compared with the parabolic trough type or central tower type. It is one of the solar power generator systems which receive largest attention as a commercial plant because it can realize low-cost generation.
- the optical loss of solar radiation is caused by cosine loss where solar rays are incident on a mirror plate not directly facing the sun, blocking where solar rays reflected by one mirror plate is shaded by another mirror plate, or shadowing where solar rays to be incident on one mirror plate is shaded by another mirror plate.
- FIG. 24 shows the occurrence of cosine loss and blocking. Shadowing is not shown in the drawing and it often occurs especially when solar radiation is obliquely incident on the mirrors.
- the optical loss is likely to be large if the mirror plates H are inclined at a large angle relative to the ground surface or the rotation angle of the mirror plates H are largely changed for tracking solar altitude.
- the mirror plates H on the reflective lines are inclined in an east-west direction to reflect solar rays to irradiate one of the receivers R. Because of this, the further from the receivers R the reflective lines are, the more inclined relative to the ground surface the mirror plates on the reflective lines are, so that the optical loss due to cosine loss and blocking increases.
- the angle of the mirror plates H has to be adjusted at about ⁇ 45 degrees or more. Therefore, at low solar altitude as in the morning and evening, a diurnal change amount of the collected solar energy is particularly increased by the optical loss due to the cosine loss and blocking.
- the temperature of acquired water vapor remains at 400 to 500 degrees C at most and cannot reach 600 degrees C or more.
- a large number of mirror plates can be arranged on the reflective lines in the east-west direction to enlarge the area in which the mirrors are installed.
- the mirror plates far from the receivers cannot achieve a high thermal collection efficiency because of an increased optical loss.
- the number of mirror plates from which a single receiver can receive reflected rays is limited so that with use of a large number of mirror plates over a large area, a light receiving line has to be provided for each group of mirror plates and the receiver R is needed for each light receiving line, to collect the heat of reflected rays received at each receiver.
- the temperature that the related art linear Fresnel reflector can attain is limited to about 500 degrees C.
- U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0012112 discloses a linear Fresnel reflector in which the reflective lines and receivers are arrayed so that their lengths are parallel to the east-west direction, aiming for reducing the optical loss, as shown in FIG. 25.
- This reflector is configured that the mirror plates H on the reflective lines LI, L2, ... are not rotated in the east-west direction relative to solar trajectory but rotated only in the south-north direction to guide the reflected rays to the receivers.
- the south-north rotation angle of the mirrors is very small as several degrees or less per day and about ⁇ 15 degrees per year, so that the optical loss can be reduced greatly.
- the total amount of collected energy by the receivers can be increased.
- the reflector in Reference 1 faces problems that the exothermic temperature thereof remains only at 500 degrees C because of the optical loss on the mirror plates, it suffers a large variation in collected energy amount per day, and even by use of a large number of mirror plates over a large area, thermal collection efficiency cannot be increased sufficiently because the further from the receivers the mirror plates, the larger the optical loss.
- the present invention aims to provide a linear solar energy collector system which can reduce a variation in the amount of collected thermal energy relative to a diurnal change in solar altitude, decrease the optical loss, and improve heating efficiency.
- a linear solar energy collector system includes reflective lines arranged in parallel in a south-north direction, heliostats mounted on the reflective lines, respectively, each comprised of mirror segments to reflect solar radiation, a light receiving line set above the reflective lines in a east-west direction, a receiver mounted on the light receiving line, to receive light reflected from the heliostats and collect heat from the light, and an angular adjuster to adjust angles of the mirror segments individually to irradiate a same light receiving area on the receiver with the reflected light from east-west neighboring reflective lines and thereby adjust a concentration ratio.
- FIG. 1 shows the basic structure of a linear solar energy collector system according to one embodiment
- FIG. 2 schematically shows the structure of mirror segments in FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 shows the rotation angle adjustment of the mirror segments in south-north and east- west orientations in FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 4 is a cross section view of a receiver in FIG. 1 ;
- FIGs. 5 A to 5C show the irradiated areas on light receiving lines in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 6 shows an example of the arrangement of the mirror segments in FIG. 1 ;
- FIGs. 7A to 7C show an example of structure model of the linear solar energy collector system in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 8 is a top view of another example of structure model of the linear solar energy collector system in FIG. 1 ;
- FIGs. 9A to 9C show a structure model of Reference 1 ;
- FIGs. 10A to IOC show a structure model of Reference 2
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the results of simulation of collecting heat using the structure models of the linear solar energy collector system in FIGs. 7A to IOC;
- FIG. 12 shows an example of solar power generator system using the linear solar energy collector system in FIG. 1 ;
- FIGs. 13 A, 13B show a structure model of a linear solar energy collector system according to a first embodiment
- FIGs. 14A, 14B show a structure model of a linear solar energy collector system according to a second embodiment
- FIGs. 15 A, 15B show a structure model of a linear solar energy collector system according to a third embodiment
- FIG. 16 is a side view of a structure model of a linear solar energy collector system according to a fourth embodiment
- FIGs. 17A to 17C show a structure model of a linear solar energy collector system according to a fifth embodiment
- FIG. 18 shows the essential part of the receiver in FIG. 17;
- FIG. 19 shows a front view of a structure model of a linear solar energy collector system according to a sixth embodiment;
- FIGs. 20A, 20B show a structure model of a linear solar energy collector system according to a seventh embodiment
- FIGs. 21 A, 21B show a structure model of a linear solar energy collector system according to an eighth embodiment
- FIGs. 22A, 22B show a structure model of a linear solar energy collector system according to a ninth embodiment
- FIGs. 23 A, 23B show an example of a related art linear Fresnel reflector disclosed in Reference 1 ;
- FIG. 24 shows the effects of cosine loss and blocking
- FIG. 25 shows another example of a related art linear Fresnel reflector disclosed in Reference 2.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of the arrangement of heliostats and receivers.
- this linear solar energy collector system is a linear Fresnel reflector comprising a group of reflective lines LI to L8 and a light receiving line G.
- the reflective lines LI to L8 are arranged in parallel in a thermal receiving zone Z on the ground in south-north orientation and heliostats 1 are mounted on the reflective lines LI to L8.
- This collector system includes 8 reflective lines by way of example, however, the number of reflective lines should not be limited to 8, and can be set to an arbitrary number.
- the light receiving line G is at a certain position above the center of the columns of the reflective lines LI to L8 and extends in east- west direction or direction orthogonal to the reflective lines LI to L8.
- a receiver 2 is installed on the light receiving line G and configured to receive the reflected light of solar radiation from the heliostats 1 and collect energy therefrom. With use of heliostats in size of lm by 2m, the receiver is placed at a height of about 20m.
- the reflective lines LI to L8 need to be accurately oriented south-north on the ground, however, a small shift in the arrangement from the south-north orientation is permissible as long as the receiver 2 on the light receiving line G can effectively receive the reflected light of the solar radiation incident on the heliostats 1. Likewise, a small shift in the position of the light receiving line from east- west orientation is permissible as long as the receiver 2 on the light receiving line G can effectively receive the reflected light of the solar radiation.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows the structure of mirror segments arranged on the light receiving line in FIG. 1.
- the structure of the heliostat 1 on the reflective line LI is exemplified.
- mirror segments la, lb, lc, ... as the heliostat 1 are disposed on the reflective line LI in a certain area on the ground in row direction or south-north direction.
- mirror segments are disposed on the reflective lines L2, L3, ... along the row.
- the mirror segments la, lb, lc... are thus arranged in a thermal receiving zone Z along the row.
- FIG. 3 shows how to adjust the rotation angle of each mirror segment in the south-north and east-west directions.
- the mirror segments la, lb, lc, ... in each column are mounted commonly on a main rotational shaft X extending in the south-north or row direction.
- the rotation of the main rotational shaft X is controlled by a column driver 3 in the east-west direction to adjust the rotation angle of the mirror segments la, lb, lc.
- the mirror segments la, lb, lc, ... in each row are individually mounted on shafts Yl, Y2, Y3 , ... in orientation (east- west) orthogonal to the light receiving line G.
- the rotation thereof is individually controlled in the south-north orientation by row drivers 4a, 4b, 4c, ... placed on the shafts Yl, Y2, Y3 , ... to adjust the rotation angle of the mirror segments la, lb, lc, ....
- the rotation angle of the other heliostats 1 on the reflective lines L2, L3, ... is also adjusted as above.
- the mirror segments la, lb, lc, ... are each set to a standard module in south-north length of 1.0 m and lateral or east-west length of 2.0m, for example.
- FIG. 1 shows one example of two units of five mirror segments la to le arranged in tandem in FIG. 2 on both sides of each reflective line. The number of mirror segments of one unit and the number of units on each reflective line should not limited to these numbers.
- the lengths of the north side and south side of each reflective line from the light receiving line do not need to be the same.
- the north-side length of the reflective line should be longer than the south-side to secure a wider mirror area on the north side to thereby improve thermal collection efficiency.
- the south-side length of the reflective line should be longer than the north-side to increase thermal collection efficiency.
- the south-north length along the row can be longer than the east-west length along the column.
- the receiver is placed in the east-west direction and the mirror segments are adjusted in angle to irradiate the light receiving line. Therefore, extending the reflective lines longer along the rows makes it possible to reduce the optical loss from that of a related art linear Fresnel reflector.
- the collector system can obtain a large amount of thermal energy with less optical loss.
- the east-west length of the receiver can be shorter than that of a related art linear Fresnel reflector, leading to reducing thermal loss due to re-radiation of absorbed heat.
- FIG. 4 is a cross section view of the receiver in FIG. 1.
- the receiver 2 comprises six parallel heat collecting pipes 6 as stainless pipes filled with a heat medium such as air or steam, placed over and astride all the columns of the heliostats or the reflective lines LI to L8 and connected at one end to a heat source 5 in FIG. 1.
- the heat collecting pipes 6 are configured to receive light reflected from the heliostats 1 , collect heat from a heated heat medium with the reflected light, and supply it to the heat source 5.
- the top of the heat collecting pipes 6 are covered with a thermal insulated wall 7 and an endothermic net 8 with a cavity window function is provided below the heat collecting pipes 6.
- the thermal insulated wall 7 has an arc-like cross section, encloses the heat collecting pipe arranged in parallel, and is covered at the bottom with the endothermic net 8. Both ends thereof project from the edges of the endothermic net 8 to substantially reduce convective thermal loss by ascending air currents inside the thermal insulated wall 7.
- the endothermic net 8 is a stainless mesh with a curb or honey comb structure, to allow the reflected light from the heliostats to transmit therethrough and reach inside but not to allow irradiated light thereof to emit outside.
- FIGs. 5 A to 5C show the irradiations areas on the light receiving line in FIG. 1. Irradiation areas and non-irradiation areas are alternatively arranged with a certain spacing over the entire length of each heat collecting pipe 6 of the receiver 2. It is preferable to irradiate only the irradiation areas with the reflected light from the mirror segments la, lb, ... on the reflective lines, to thereby increase heat transfer efficiency to fluids in the heat collecting pipes.
- FIG. 5 A shows an example where five irradiation areas Fl to F5 are set over the total length PI of the heat collecting pipe 6. Non-irradiation areas d in a certain length are disposed between the irradiation areas Fl to F5, and the irradiation areas Fl to F5 are separately arranged almost equally on the length PI of the heat collecting pipe 6.
- the irradiation areas Fl to F5 are irradiated with the reflected light by the mirror segments la, lb, ... to heat a heat medium in the heat collecting pipe 6.
- the heated heat medium is emitted from the irradiation area F5 to the heat source 5 in FIG. 1.
- the non-irradiation areas d thermally insulated, thermal radiation from these areas to outside is preventable so that the fluid inside the heat collecting pipe 6 can be heated to a higher temperature and emitted to the heat source 5.
- FIG. 5B is a graph showing a fluid temperature distribution Tl relative to the heat collecting pipe in the length PI having thermally insulated non-irradiation areas d.
- Another fluid temperature distribution T2 is of the heat collecting pipe without the non-irradiation areas when the reflected light collectively irradiates a specific area, as shown in FIG. 5C for comparison. It is apparent from the graph that Tl > T2.
- the rotation angle of the mirror segments la, lb, ... on the reflective lines LI to L8 are controlled in unit of a column in the east- west direction and individually in the south-north direction, to directly receive solar radiation and project it upward to the receiver 2.
- the reflected light by the mirror segments la, lb, ... in each row and each column transmits through the space surrounded by the thermal insulated wall 7 via the endothermic net 8 and heats the heat medium in the heat collecting pipes 6.
- the heat medium is repeatedly heated to a high temperature by the reflected light transmitting through the heat collecting pipes.
- the heated heat medium is sent to the heat source 5 to use for generating high-temperature steam for steam turbine generation or for being processed to a chemical fuel by endothermic chemical reaction.
- the spacing of the mirror segments on the reflective lines is constant irrespective of the magnitude of a distance to the receiver 2, by way of example.
- the optical loss between the neighboring mirror segments increases by blocking.
- the mirror segments are more affected by blocking. It is preferable to secure a space between the mirror segments on the south and north sides of the light receiving line G by changing the spacings. Alternatively, the mirror segments are divided into several zones from the position closest to the light receiving line G and the number of mirror segment in each zone can be changed.
- the linear solar energy collector system in FIG. 1 comprises the receiver 2 on the east- west light receiving line G and adjust the angle of the mirror segments la, lb, ... on the reflective lines to irradiate the light receiving line G with the solar radiation reflected by the mirror segments. Because of this, the amount of the south-north angular adjustment of the mirror segments can be reduced to less than several degrees per day or several ten degrees per year which are about a half of the inclination at 23.4 degrees of the axis of the earth. The amount of optical loss along with a variation in the mirror angle can be decreased to a very small value.
- the solar radiation has only to be collected along the light receiving line so that the mirror angle relative to the incident solar radiation during culmination is smaller than that in related art. Because of this, the cosine loss and a variation in the optical loss relative to a change in a diurnal solar altitude can be decreased. Accordingly, a variation in the diurnal amount of collected energy can be reduced to a small value.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of the arrangement of the mirror segments, in which the length of the reflective line is set to 210m and the light receiving line G is placed 20m above the height of the center thereof on which the receiver 2 is mounted. Moreover, a half of the reflective line of 105m on both sides of the light receiving line G are equally divided into three, 35m zones, Dl, D2, D3 from the position closest to the light receiving line G. The number of mirror segments in zone Dl is 34, in zone D2 is 30, and in zone D3 is 26. The width of the receiver is 0.5 m. When receiving solar radiation, the amount of heat collected at the receiver is 400 kW/m 2 at insolation intensity of 0.8 kW/ m 2 .
- 70 reflective lines are arranged and 20 pipes are placed inside the receiver. Air gas at a room temperature and 10 atm is injected into one ends of the pipes. Through the 70 reflective lines, at current velocity of 2.5m /sec the air temperature is heated to about 700 degrees C at the exit of the receiver. The collected energy of 400 k W/m 2 at the input of the receiver is five to ten times larger amount of energy than the related art linear solar energy collector system. The total collected power of the 70 reflective lines is 25MW.
- FIGs. 7A to 7C are a top view, a front view (from the east) and a south-side view of the structure model of the linear solar energy collector system in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 8 is a top view of another example.
- FIGs. 9A to 9C are a top view, a front view, and a side view of the structure model of Reference 1 while FIGs. 10A to IOC are the same of Reference 2.
- the 8 reflective lines LI to L8 are arranged in south-north orientation and the light receiving line G is disposed above them in east-west orientation to sterically cross the reflective lines LI to L8.
- the number of mirror segments on the south and north sides of the light receiving line G is the same, four.
- the mirror face of each reflective line is adjusted in angle to reflect light to be incident vertically on the light receiving line G without a fail.
- the structure model of FIG. 8 (second example) has almost the same structure as that in FIG. 7.
- a difference from that in FIG. 7 is in that the mirror segments are asymmetrically arranged relative to the light receiving line G, the number of mirror segments on the south side is 1 and that on the north side is 7, and the lengths of the area in which the reflective lines are arranged is longer along the rows (south-north) than along the columns (east-west).
- the mirror face of each reflective line is adjusted in angle to reflect light to be incident vertically on the light receiving line G without a fail.
- 8 reflective lines LI to L8 are arranged in south-north orientation and a receiver R is disposed above the reflective lines in south-north orientation.
- 8 reflective lines LI to L8 are arranged in east-west orientation and a receiver R is disposed above the reflective lines in east-west orientation.
- FIG. 11 shows the results of simulation of a diurnal variation in the amount of irradiation energy on the receiver of each structure model shown in FIG. 7A to FIG. IOC.
- the date, place and set conditions for the simulation are as follows.
- the structure model of Reference 1 exerts a relatively large amount of irradiation energy only in a short period of time during the morning and evening, however, the structure models in the first and second examples can exert a large amount of irradiation energy in total.
- the mirror segments la, lb, ... in line with latitude as in FIG. 8, for example, placing a larger number thereof on the north side if it is installed in the northern hemisphere or at a northern latitude as in the second example, the cosine loss of each mirror can be reduced, thereby increasing the irradiation energy amount.
- FIG. 12 shows an example of using four linear solar energy collector systems 10a to lOd in a tower solar energy collector system 11 as a relay.
- the four collector systems 10a to lOd can separately heat preheated fluids at 300 degrees C to 600 degrees C and the tower solar energy collector system 11 further heats the fluids with collected heat to 800 degrees C.
- the height of the tower has to be over 100m and a heliostat field has to be extensive over several km. This requires an enormous amount of construction costs so that it is impossible to supply power at low costs.
- the fluids are pre-heated to 600 degrees C lower than an intended temperature, for example, and then further heated to the intended temperature of about 800 degrees C, for example by another type collector system such as tower type as a main heater more suitable for high-temperature energy concentration than the linear solar energy collector system.
- Qout [W] is quantity of heat obtained by the heat medium in a receiver and Qin[W] is a solar radiation amount (refer to "New Solar Energy Use Handbook", published by New Solar Energy Use Handbook Editorial Committee and Japan Solar Energy Society, May 1, 2010 ).
- the quantity of heat Qout is derived from the energy obtained by the heat medium and thermal loss and expressed by the following equation (2):
- nth ⁇ * ⁇ - ⁇ *c*(Tr 4 -Ta 4 )/(Ib * X)
- Tr,max 4 X * lb * ⁇ * ⁇ /( ⁇ * a)+Ta 4
- the concentration ratio X needs to be enlarged in order to heighten the temperature of the heat medium.
- the angle of the mirror segments of the heliostats on the reflective lines are independently adjusted to adjust the light receiving positions on the receiver in east- west direction. Thereby, the concentration ratio of the receiver at an arbitrary east-west position can be freely set.
- FIG. 13 A is a top view of a structure model of linear solar energy collector system according to a first embodiment while FIG. 13B is a side view of the same.
- two east- west adjacent reflective lines each reflect light to a single irradiation area or light receiving position of the receiver 2, thereby increasing the concentration ratio X of the irradiation area double. This is equivalent to doubling the mirror aperture area Aa without changing the receiver collection area Ar.
- FIG. 14A is a top view of a structure model of linear solar energy collector system according to a second embodiment while FIG. 14B is a side view of the same.
- the present embodiment is configured that the concentration ratio in the irradiation areas is increased as they are closer to a heat source on the west side. That is, reflected light by the first and second reflective lines L8, L7 from the east side are focused on different irradiation areas, reflected light by the third and fourth reflective lines L6, L5 are focused on the same irradiation area, and reflected light by the fifth to eighth reflective lines L4 to LI are focused on the same irradiation area.
- the second embodiment can further heighten the temperature of the heat source by setting the concentration ratio of arbitrary positions of the receiver 2 in accordance with a required temperature of the heat source.
- FIGs. 15A is a top view of a structure model of linear solar energy collector system according to a third embodiment while FIG. 15B is a side view of the same.
- the concentration ratio in the irradiation areas is increased as they are closer to a heat source on the west side.
- a difference from the second embodiment is in that the concentration ratio is increased not gradually but stepwise.
- reflected light by the first to fourth reflective lines L8 to L5 from the east side are focused on different irradiation areas
- reflected light by the fifth and sixth reflective lines L4 and L3 are focused on the same irradiation area
- reflected light by the seventh to eighth reflective lines L2 to LI are focused on the same irradiation area.
- the third embodiment can attain the same effects as the second embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a side view of a structure model of a linear solar energy collector system according to a fourth embodiment.
- each mirror segment is an east-west curved surface. This is to reduce the receiver concentration area Ar without a decrease in the mirror aperture area Aa to enlarge the concentration ratio X.
- the cross section of the curved surface can be any curve such as circle, elliptic circle, or parabola.
- a cylindrical parabola surface with the heat collecting pipe as a focal line can effectively irradiate the heat collecting pipes with a larger amount of light since it can prevent the reflected light from spreading compared with a plan surface.
- FIGs. 17A to 17C are a top view, a front view, and a side view of a structure model of linear solar energy collector system according to a fifth embodiment, respectively.
- FIG. 18 shows the essential structure of a receiver 21.
- This linear solar energy collector system comprises a receiver 21 having a compound parabolic concentrator 77 in replace of the receiver 2 in FIGs. 7A to 7C.
- a is a radius of the heat collecting pipe 6
- FIG. 19 is a front view of a structure model of linear solar energy collector system according to a sixth embodiment.
- This linear solar energy collector system comprises the receiver 21 as in the fifth embodiment.
- a difference from the fifth embodiment is in that the arrangement of the mirror segments is asymmetric as in FIG. 8, and the number of mirror segments on the north side of the light receiving line G is larger than that on the south side.
- the aperture center of the compound parabolic concentrator 77 is oriented differently from that in the fifth embodiment. That is, it is inclined at an angle ⁇ 2 from the vertical direction in the fifth embodiment.
- the angle ⁇ 2 is defined by the following equations (10), (11):
- n is a ratio of the number of the mirror segments placed on the south side and that placed on the north side where m ⁇ n.
- FIGs. 20A, 20B show an example of a structure model of linear solar energy collector system according to a seventh embodiment.
- This linear solar energy collector system is the one according to the first embodiment in FIGs. 13A, 13B having the receiver 21 in FIG. 18 in replace of the receiver 2.
- the present embodiment can attain the effects of both the first and fifth embodiments. Eighth Embodiment
- FIGs. 21 A, 21B show an example of a structure model of linear solar energy collector system according to an eighth embodiment.
- This linear solar energy collector system is the one according to the second embodiment in FIGs. 14 A, 14B having the receiver 21 in FIG. 18 in replace of the receiver 2.
- the present embodiment can attain the effects of both the second and fifth embodiments.
- FIGs. 22A, 22B show an example of a structure model of linear solar energy collector system according to a ninth embodiment.
- This linear solar energy collector system is the one according to the third embodiment in FIGs. 15A, 15B having the receiver 21 in FIG. 18 in replace of the receiver 2.
- the present embodiment can attain the effects of both the third and fifth embodiments.
- the configuration of the linear solar energy collector system according to one embodiment can be modified as follows.
- the concentration ratio is varied in accordance with a time zone, for example, in the morning and evening during which a large irradiation loss occurs due to cosine low or shadowing, and during culmination in which a small irradiation loss occurs.
- a heat medium at a required temperature can be stably generated for the supply to the heat source.
- the position of the insulated elements for the non-irradiation area is changed in accordance with the position of the irradiation areas.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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JP2012068606 | 2012-03-26 | ||
JP2012247211A JP2013228184A (en) | 2012-03-26 | 2012-11-09 | Linear solar concentrator and solar concentration power generation system |
PCT/JP2013/059424 WO2013147108A1 (en) | 2012-03-26 | 2013-03-22 | Linear solar energy collector system and solar power generator system |
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EP2831517A1 true EP2831517A1 (en) | 2015-02-04 |
EP2831517A4 EP2831517A4 (en) | 2015-03-25 |
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EP13768874.3A Withdrawn EP2831517A4 (en) | 2012-03-26 | 2013-03-22 | Linear solar energy collector system and solar power generator system |
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US (1) | US20150096552A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2831517A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2013228184A (en) |
CN (1) | CN104321595A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2013241067A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013147108A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
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WO2014061281A1 (en) * | 2012-10-18 | 2014-04-24 | 株式会社SolarFlame | Solar heat collecting device and solar heat collecting method |
JP6135318B2 (en) * | 2013-06-14 | 2017-05-31 | 株式会社リコー | Concentrator |
JP2016050759A (en) | 2014-08-29 | 2016-04-11 | 株式会社リコー | Transparent solar heat absorption device, solar heat hot water system and sunlight cogeneration system |
JP6553401B2 (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2019-07-31 | 東洋エンジニアリング株式会社 | Solar heat collector |
CN107969146A (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2018-04-27 | 千代田化工建设株式会社 | The pre-heating mean of solar collecting device and thermal-collecting tube |
CN108304626B (en) * | 2018-01-16 | 2021-08-13 | 兰州交大常州研究院有限公司 | Modeling method of linear Fresnel condenser based on SolTrace |
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US20040036993A1 (en) * | 2002-05-17 | 2004-02-26 | Tin Hla Ngwe | Transparent heat mirror for solar and heat gain and methods of making |
DE05752475T1 (en) * | 2004-06-24 | 2009-09-17 | Heliodynamics Ltd., Caxton | SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTOR SYSTEMS |
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KR20110139290A (en) * | 2009-03-20 | 2011-12-28 | 스카이라인 솔라 아이엔씨. | Reflective surface for solar energy collector |
US20100294266A1 (en) * | 2009-05-22 | 2010-11-25 | Fung Tak Pui Jackson | Concentrated solar thermal energy collection device |
JP4527803B1 (en) * | 2009-11-06 | 2010-08-18 | 浩光 久野 | Lightweight and thin solar concentrator that can be easily expanded in a plane |
CN103238033B (en) * | 2010-04-22 | 2016-03-02 | 特雷弗.鲍威尔 | Solar energy collector system |
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2012
- 2012-11-09 JP JP2012247211A patent/JP2013228184A/en not_active Abandoned
-
2013
- 2013-03-22 US US14/384,484 patent/US20150096552A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-03-22 WO PCT/JP2013/059424 patent/WO2013147108A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-03-22 CN CN201380026411.1A patent/CN104321595A/en active Pending
- 2013-03-22 AU AU2013241067A patent/AU2013241067A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-03-22 EP EP13768874.3A patent/EP2831517A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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US20090056699A1 (en) * | 2007-08-27 | 2009-03-05 | Mills David R | Linear fresnel solar arrays and receievers therefor |
WO2009029275A2 (en) * | 2007-08-27 | 2009-03-05 | Ausra, Inc. | Linear fresnel solar arrays and components therefor |
JP2009218383A (en) * | 2008-03-11 | 2009-09-24 | Panasonic Corp | Solar energy utilization device |
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Also Published As
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EP2831517A4 (en) | 2015-03-25 |
US20150096552A1 (en) | 2015-04-09 |
AU2013241067A1 (en) | 2014-09-25 |
CN104321595A (en) | 2015-01-28 |
JP2013228184A (en) | 2013-11-07 |
WO2013147108A1 (en) | 2013-10-03 |
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