EP2828363A1

EP2828363A1 - Pyrolysis apparatus and process

Info

Publication number: EP2828363A1
Application number: EP13710380.0A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Horst Müller
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2012-03-20
Filing date: 2013-03-14
Publication date: 2015-01-28
Anticipated expiration: 2033-03-14
Also published as: DE102012102324A1; EP2828363B1; WO2013139677A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a pyrolysis apparatus (1) having a reaction chamber (2), an introduction apparatus(3) for processing material (4) connected to the reaction chamber (2), and a product outlet (5) connected to the reaction chamber (2), the reaction chamber (2) containing a metal melt under operating conditions, and the introduction apparatus (3) introducing processing material (4) into the metal melt present in the reaction chamber (2) under operating conditions with virtual exclusion of air, characterized in that the introduction apparatus (3) has at least one immersed tube (6) which has an open end in the region close to the bottom of the reaction chamber (2), and the immersed tube (6) does not have any moving parts in the region of the reaction chamber (2). It further relates to a corresponding process.

Description

Pyrolysis device and method

The present invention relates to a pyrolysis device, comprising a reaction chamber, a process material entry device into the reaction chamber and a product discharge, wherein the

Reaction chamber containing a molten metal under operating conditions and wherein the entry device process material in the operating conditions contained in the reaction chamber molten metal is almost entering the absence of air.

It is known to obtain by means of pyrolysis of relatively high molecular weight process material low molecular weight products, such as wood

Generate hot gases. It is also known, from higher molecular process material such as scrap tires, plastics or the same liquid

To recover hydrocarbons such as oils.

The pyrolytic transformation proceeds through different and complex chemical reactions, which are not all clarified in detail. For example, wood, cellulose, lignin,

Hemicellulose, fats, starch, sugars, egg whites, phenols, waxes, pectins, tannins, sterols, resins, terpenes and minerals, in classical wood gasification devices wood gas, charcoal,

high molecular weight aromatic hydrocarbons such as tars and

Wood vinegar. The latter is a mixture of water, phenols, creosote, acetic acid, methanol, acetone, propionic acid, methyl acetate and other compounds. The resulting tars are particularly disadvantageous for the known pyrolysis devices, since tars condense at temperatures below about 200 ° C and enforce piping, or

Cover surfaces of valve seats, bearings and the like and thus lead to malfunction. Devices and methods for tar-low production of products have therefore long been an objective of development.

From DE 10 2005 053 526 A1, a pyrolysis device operating at approximately high air temperatures without air is known, which in the

Operating state contains a tin bath, is passed through the exclusion of air by means of a screw conveyor dried wood. The entry takes place so that the pyrolysis is entered under the surface of the tin bath in the same, so that it must penetrate the tin bath. The exclusion of air causes a high calorific value of the product gas, since no inert nitrogen can dilute in high volumes. Tin has the advantage of a very large temperature range in which it can exist in the liquid phase: In the phase diagram, this range extends from the low melting point at 232 ° C to the high boiling point at 2,602 ° C. As a result, very different pyrolysis temperatures can be realized. A further advantage is the very low vapor pressure in this area, so that tin can hardly be entrained from the melt via the product gas and can escape from the reaction chamber. This prior art thus achieved relatively long contact times between pyrolysis and tin bath and thus a tarerarmes, high calorific value

Product gas. A disadvantage of this prior art is the requirement of a feed screw penetrating the reaction chamber for the material to be introduced into the tin bath or under the surface of the tin bath.

From US 5,085,738 A an apparatus and a method are known in which shredded old tires are pressed by means of a piston in a descending tube, at the lower end of a

Transition region is located to a re-rising reaction tube. The ascending reaction tube contains an air-sealed lead bath through which the pyrolysis is to pass in ascending order due to its lower density. Both tubes are arranged so that the Bleibad can not rise to the piston, if no pyrolysis product is conveyed. A disadvantage of this prior art is the cumbersome and unsafe Pyrolysegutzufuhr.

From DE 2 304 369 a device for the pyrolytic degradation of industrial or household waste is known in which they are immersed in a molten metal in a reaction vessel, in particular pig iron, continuously, for which purpose a dip tube is used. The waste entry into the dip tube by means of a laterally arranged at this above the reaction chamber screw conveyor, wherein between the screw end and dip tube a shut-off device is provided in the form of a ball check valve, which is traversed by the waste. In the dip tube, a movable piston

be provided, which presses the pumped garbage in the melt. The gas is removed both above the melt and through slots in the dip tube above the reaction vessel. A disadvantage of this prior art is the cumbersome and uncertain

Pyrolysegutzufuhr.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a

Specify pyrolysis, with the structurally inexpensive and reliable a fuel gas high fuel value can be generated. It is a further object of the invention to provide a corresponding method.

The device task is solved by the

Entry device at least one near the ground of the

Reaction chamber has open ended dip tube, the

Immersion tube in the region of the reaction chamber has no moving parts.

First of all, the invention understands under process good

carbonaceous material, such as wood, wood-based materials, Straw, by-products and residues of agriculture and forestry as well as the wood-processing craft, but also plastics, car tires, electronic waste, sewage sludge or river excavation (silt) with

correspondingly high organic content. The invention is understood by

Melt metal all molten metals that are liquid in a range above the tar formation temperature. Especially she understands a tin melt underneath. Metallic tin is nontoxic in large quantities per se, the toxicity of simple tin compounds and tin salts is low, so that it is a very reliable metal. The most extensive exclusion of air ensures that undiluted product gas is produced, which has a correspondingly high calorific value. With particular advantage, the invention proposes that the entry device has at least one in the near-bottom region of the reaction chamber endendendes immersion tube, which ends under operating conditions in the molten metal and through which the Prozeßguteintrag is successful, wherein the dip tube has no moving parts in the region of the reaction chamber. Under immersion tube, the invention means any hollow body which leads below the surface of the metal bath contained in the operating state in the reaction chamber. Due to the low-level introduction of the process material particularly long contact times between the pyrolysis and the metal bath are made possible, so that results in correspondingly high conversion rates of the process material. A particularly long service life of the device is made possible by the immersion tube having no moving parts in the region of the reaction chamber. A simple, existing example of a ceramic dip tube is sufficient to enter the process material.

This applies in particular when the process goods entry

Gravity driven is successful. In this case, no screws, pistons or the like are required, the gravity always works reliable. Since it can be dispensed with the provision of feed forces and - devices within the reaction chamber, the apparatus construction is further simplified, there must be no hydraulics, compressed air lines, motor drives or the like provided, protective measures for these parts can therefore also be omitted.

In an embodiment of the invention it is provided that the

Entry device a metering device for dosing the

Has process good in the dip tube. By means of the metering device according to the invention, only the desired amount of process material is metered finely dosed into the dip tube, whereby particularly stable operating conditions can be achieved. Such a metering device could for example be a screw, a membrane, a folding device or the like, but according to the invention it is preferably a rotary valve with sufficiently large Zellkompartimenten or a Kollerrad with or without Ringmatrize, as it is known from Pelletiermaschienen. Generally, rotary, compartmented feeders are preferred. According to the invention is also to provide the rotor of the rotary valve with a cutting edge, so as to avoid blocking of the possibly coarse-grained process material. On the inlet side, the supply of process material is either perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor or tangential thereto. In the latter case, the process material is pushed back by the scraper or the cutting edge of the rotor blade something in the inlet to prevent jamming of the clippings between feeder and housing advantageous. It is also conceivable

Design of the metering device as a cutter head.

Does the entry device a gas-tight closing

Shut-off device, in particular one or more

Pinch valves on, it is with great advantage ensured that constructed in the reaction chamber pressure does not exceed the Dosage device can relax in the entry device. This shut-off device advantageously also ensures that process material is provided with volume buffering, which improves the uniform operation of the device, since there is always sufficient input material. Due to the buffering and type of entry, it is simultaneously prevented that an excess of process material can reach the metering device and block it. If the metering device already ensures sufficient gastightness, the shut-off device according to the invention can be dispensed with. This further simplifies the design effort. Gas-tightness is understood according to the invention to mean a tightness which is sufficient to maintain the required operating pressure in the immersion tube. Absolute gas tightness is not required, though desirable, as it inter alia

Avoids product losses. Particularly advantageous is the embodiment, according to which the process material is itself the shut-off device forming, as a result, very few components must be arranged in the feed. This is

According to the invention possible by the process material in a supply line to the dip tube is compressed propfartig. About the density and the length of the gudgeon gas tightness is thus achieved with advantage even at different dip tube side gas pressures. Separate check valves, bellows seals or pinch valves can be omitted as well as their controls, drives and the like design features more. By this measure, the invention allows a particularly robust and trouble-free working

Dosing. With advantage can also the pelleting of the

Process good before its use omitted.

For this purpose, the invention further provides that the

Dosing a screw conveyor and a removal device , wherein the conveying direction of the screw conveyor against the

Effective direction of the removal device is directed and wherein a sensor is arranged in the conveying direction in front of the screw conveyor. This arrangement of only three robust components results in a particularly well-working metering device. The driven auger promotes that

Process material in the direction of the dip tube. She can do it

According to the invention not only promote but also crush and / or compact, if this is desired or required process material.

According to the invention would also be to arrange the screw conveyor in a separate flange, so that they are better adapted to changing process material against a better adapted to the new process material

can be exchanged. The type of screw conveyor is the invention first nachranging, the expert will choose among other things speed, inner and outer diameter, pitch and flight depth and wave number accordingly and adjust the degree of filling of the screw. The promotion takes place against the resistance of the

Removal device, which in turn counteracts the conveying direction of the process material. By the opposite effective direction of the two components, both the graft length and the graft density can be adapted to the pressure prevailing in the dip tube gas pressure. If the gas tightness of the Prozeßgutpropfes too low, gas will penetrate from the reaction chamber and pass to the sensor, which measures the sake of simplicity, for example, only a typical gas component, such as CO or CO ₂ . An exact quantification is not mandatory, the determination of the presence of CO or CO ₂ would be sufficient. If the sensor measures a gas passage, either the removal rate is reduced or the delivery rate is increased or a mixture of the two is used. The device has for this purpose a corresponding control with data and active lines, wherein the controller

can be automated accordingly. It is particularly advantageous if the removal device is designed as a milling cutter and in particular the worm shaft of the screw conveyor is penetrating. Such an arrangement requires only one drive for the rotation of the milling cutter and one for its axial movement along the conveying direction, or the worm shaft. Thus, all drives, including those of the screw conveyor, can advantageously be arranged spatially as far away as possible from the reaction chamber at the same location and thus particularly easy to maintain. By enforcing the

Drive shaft of the cutter builds this device short and is removed in the block for maintenance purposes.

In an embodiment of the invention it is provided that the

Reaction chamber is designed to be tempered, in particular has a heating device and / or a thermal insulation. This is needed to keep the metal bath at its working temperature, to reach it or another, especially higher,

To reach and maintain working temperature. In other words, the device is able to drive temperature programs.

If the product discharge has a product gas aftertreatment device, in particular one or more dust collectors, gas coolers, condensate separators and / or chemical gas purification, it is advantageously ensured on the one hand that only highly pure product gas leaves the device according to the invention, and on the other hand

ensures that solid products can be separated and made available for further use. A chemical gas cleaning will always be desirable if problematic Prozeßgut, especially highly sulfur-containing or chlorine-containing

Biomass is used. The process task becomes pyrolysis in a process

carbon-containing pyrolysis good, in which a metal bath is kept under exclusion of air in a reaction chamber, characterized in that the process material is continuously introduced into the metal bath under the surface and thereby the entry takes place without the use of movable parts in the region of the metal bath and in which the process material from place the pyrolysis passes through the metal bath to arrive at a product discharge. The advantages of this method have already been described above in the device according to the invention. In an embodiment of this method, it is provided that the entry of the process material in the tin bath by gravity takes place and / or the Pyrolyseguteintragsrate in equilibrium with the pyrolysis rate of

Pyrolysis is good and / or in which the metal bath boiling stones, in particular silicate boiling stones, preferred

Quarzsiedesteinchen. In particular, the last measure ensures that no larger gas bubbles arise, the eruptionsartig the

Pierce the surface of the tin bath and tear tin droplets with it.

In an embodiment of the method, it is provided that the product gas obtained is processed and recycled, in particular a hydrogen-producing catalytic water gas shift reaction

is subjected. In addition to the aforementioned thermal utilization of the product gas in CHP or the like, material recycling is also possible with great advantage. This is because high-purity product gas is produced virtually dust-free. In addition, moist biomass or moist pyrolysis can be used, so that the time required to carry out the shift reaction amount of water is already present in the system. According to the invention can also be provided in the

If necessary, add additional water. Depending on the humidity of the used biomass, this water gas shift reaction already at least partially run off in the reaction chamber, in particular coke residues that are present on the surface of the tin bath in glowing state. The invention is in a preferred embodiment below

Reference to a drawing described by way of example, with further advantageous details are shown in the figures of the drawing.

Functionally identical parts are provided with the same reference numerals. The figures of the drawing show in detail:

Fig. 1 shows a schematic sketch of the device according to the invention and

Fig. 2 shows a detail in the region of the dip tube and

Fig. 3 shows a detail of the metering device in another embodiment. 1 shows a pyrolysis device 1 according to the invention. This can be on the product gas side with smaller combined heat and power plants in the

Order of 10 to 50 kW _e i be connected, which burn the fuel gas generated in the pyrolysis 1. she can

According to the invention also be associated with other units for power and / or heat generation, for example, micro gas turbines, fuel cells or Stirling engines. Product entry side is the

Pyrolysis device connected to a Pyrolysegutvorratsbehälter 17 formed, which is shown schematically in Fig. 1. In this, the aforementioned pyrolysis or process goods to the continuous

Kept in stock, for example wood, wood pellets,

Wood materials, sewage sludge, or general biomass, in particular biological by-products and residues such as straw, sunflower furs, energy plant residues. Due to the size of the plant enough

Small quantity stock. Thus, the inventive

Device particularly interesting for the near-origin disposal of such biomass, for example, on the premises of a sawmill, carpentry or joinery or a garden or

Landscaping business. If metal recovery processes are to be carried out with the device according to the invention, the

Process material or Pyrolysegutvorratsbehälter 17 accordingly

adapt. The process of the invention results in such process material that the metals contained in it dissolve in the tin bath, from which they are recovered. The recovery of a fuel gas is in this case subordinate, the purpose of the device changes accordingly. Such pyrolysis are plastics, more or less processed electronic waste or the like. from

Pyrolysegutvorratsbehälter 17 passes the pyrolysis over pipelines to the entry device 3. This consists in this embodiment of the invention of a downpipe which in the direction of the pipe to

Pyrolysegutvorratsbehälter 17 is completed gas-tight. This gas-tight closure is achieved here by two spaced-apart in the feed direction pneumatic Schlauchquetschventile 18, 19, which define a buffer 20 for pyrolysis between them. The pyrolysis reaches after the second

This takes the pyrolysis in portions in compartments or pockets and transfers it by rotation about an example orthogonal to the conveying direction oriented axis of rotation in the dip tube 6. The dip tube 6 is described in Fig. 2 in more detail. It ends in the region of the bottom surface 21 of the reaction chamber 2 with an outlet surface oriented approximately parallel to the bottom surface 21. The reaction chamber 2 has a Heat insulation 10 and a heater 9 on, both are only sketched on one side. According to the invention, the heating device 9 can also be arranged inside the reaction chamber 2, be integrated in the walls thereof or be on the outer wall side, as outlined. The type of heater 9 is only relevant insofar as it must generate temperatures of at least 800 ° C in the reaction chamber 2 and must be able to ensure lasting. The

Operating temperature of the reaction chamber 2 may according to the invention, however, also 900 ° C or significantly higher. That from the

Heating gas liberated from pyrolysis gas collects in a gas space above the tin melt, from where it can be removed actively or passively. This gas space is completely filled by fuel gas, it contains no air fractions. This ensures a high calorific value of the generated heating gas. Above the surface of the tin bath in the area of the lid surface 22 of the reaction space 2 is a

Product gas discharge 4 arranged. This is a maximum distance from the exit surface of the dip tube and the entrance surface of the

Guaranteed product gas discharge 4, so that the process material must penetrate the entire tin bath, whereby very long contact times are generated to the molten metal. The product gas discharge 4 has several components. Pipe sections lead from the reaction chamber to a dust collector 12. This serves to separate entrained coke and to reduce the dust load of the product gas. In this also a condensate 14 may be arranged. Depending on the pyrolysis, it may be necessary to provide a chemical gas cleaning 15, for example, to deposit sulfur and sulfur compounds, chlorine and chlorine compounds or nitrogen. This will always be the case when "difficult" biomass such as straw or the like is used, and if necessary, a gas cooler 13 may be provided thermal and material recycling. Since the product gas is highly CO-containing, it can be suitably robust

Catalysts CO ₂ and H _{2 are} generated. It is particularly advantageous that moist biomass according to the invention can be used, which can provide the water required for this reaction. With great advantage, a drying step of the biomass before pyrolysis can be omitted. This improves the energetic

Overall balance of the device and the method according to the invention.

2 shows a detail of the dip tube 6. This protrudes more or less perpendicularly from above into the cylindrical reaction space 2 and ends slightly above its bottom surface 21. This dip tube 6 may be part of the reaction chamber 2 or a separate, inserted into it component. In any case, its functionality assigns it a membership in the entry device 3. In the passage region of the dip tube 6 through the wall of the reaction chamber 2, a cooling is provided in addition to an optionally existing seal, so that its heat does not impart the above arranged components such as the metering device 7 or the pinch valves 18, 19. The dip tube 6 ends in the operating state of the device well below the surface of the metal bath. It contains no mechanical parts and can consist of a temperature-resistant ceramic. When starting the device, it is first filled with molten metal to the level of the metal bath. From the metering device 7 conveyed carbonaceous Prozeßgut falls gravity driven on the melt and is pyrolyzed there to gases and coke. The resulting gases generate a pressure in the dip tube 6, which gradually displaces over time the liquid tin present there into the reaction chamber 2. In this embodiment, it is therefore particularly important that the gas pressure building up can not escape or only to a slight extent up in the rest of the entry device 3. The each other spaced Schlauchquetschventile 18, 19 together with the metering device 7 for the required level of gas tightness by the pressure in steps falls upwards, as it were in the manner of a

Sluice staircase to overcome a large difference in height. If the built-up gas pressure is so high that the dip tube 6 is completely or almost completely free of liquid tin, further conveying of process material causes the process material gravity now falls into the near-bottom region of the dip tube 6 and only there meets the melt. The resulting gas enters the metal bath down around the edge of the dip tube 6 and passes therethrough. The same applies to the solid, which is entrained in the metal bath and must pass through it. In this way, the device according to the invention generates long contact times, a complete enclosure of the pyrolysis material through the tin bath and thus an approximately complete pyrolysis and degassing of the process material, which in turn is completely converted into coke or coke dust. The particle size of the coke is so small that it can be entrained by the emerging from the reaction chamber 2 gas flow. It has been shown that it is not in the reaction chamber 2 to a

Enrichment of coke comes. As described, it is inventively extremely advantageous if the rate of delivery of the process material corresponds to its conversion rate. In this case, an easy-to-control, stable, static system with constant revenues is formed. The bottom end of the dip tube 6 may be simply cylindrical or have a widened, for example bell-like widened edge. This may possibly also be provided with a sieve-like perforated pipe wall in an end-side section. The invention is especially important that the end of the dip tube 6 ends well below the surface of the tin bath, so that the process material must pass through the entire metal bath. According to the invention, more than one can also be used per reaction space 2

Immersion tube 6 may be provided, for example, two or three, to allow a more homogeneous entry. A vertically as possible vertically extending dip tube 6 is preferred, since in this the process material gravity-driven free from the metering device 7 on the

Tin surface can fall. It is also according to the invention, when the passage area of the dip tube 6 and the bottom surface of the

Reaction space 2 include an angle between them and are not parallel to each other. Such an angle results, for example, in a skewed arrangement of the pipe, or an L- or U-shaped bent pipe end. Regardless of how the final geometry of the dip tube 6 looks, it must be ensured that no

Process material layer can build up on the tin surface, the

trailing material is blocked and interrupts the gasification and pyrolysis process through voids formation.

FIG. 3 again shows schematically and not to scale a particularly preferred embodiment of the entry device 3.

Reaction chamber 2, dip tube 6, tin bath, gas discharge and process material within the reaction chamber are as in the previous figures and only schematically indicated. The dip tube 6 kinks at its upper end in approximately horizontal and goes into the actual metering device. This has a schematic hopper, which symbolizes any kind of supply of process material 4. In its area a sensor 25 is arranged, the data and is effectively connected to a system control, not shown. The sensor is arranged so that it can measure from the device leaking gas, such as C0 ₂ , undisturbed by outside air. The process material 4 trickles or falls into one or is transported to a screw conveyor 23, which in turn has a hollow screw shaft. The

Conveying screw 23 promotes towards the dip tube 6. The Drives for screw conveyor and removal device 24 are not shown. The worm shaft is through a wave of

Abtragsvorrichtung 24 passes through, here a router. The cutter is axially displaceable and rotationally driven. Without drive, it forms a resistance to the conveyed in his direction process material 4 that forms a press cake or plug 26 before him. Depending on

Delivery of the screw conveyor 23 and the axial distance between the screw end and cutter so a press cake of different density and axial length is generated. As a result, very different process items 4 can be processed so that the press cake 26 is approximately gas-tight and seals the interior of the device according to the invention from the outside world. The process material entry into the melt is achieved by the cutter 24 working for a certain time. In addition, he can also an axial path in the direction of the

Cover screw conveyor end to shorten the press cake 26. By selecting milling speed, milling duration, axial feed and capacity of the screw conveyor 23 are the

Operator sufficient parameters to control the system for

Available. Due to the milling removal of the process material 4 from

Press cake 26 is simultaneously achieved with great advantage comminution and thus surface enlargement of the process material 4, resulting in a particularly quiet, uniform and steady gasification. Fig. 3 also shows a second heater assembly 9 according to the invention, namely three at the same angular distance from each other and concentrically arranged around the dip tube 6 and spatially fixed at their ends

Heating tubes that are running in the middle of the melt in the operating state, so that this turbulent melt is heated particularly effectively. These heating tubes are preferably made of the same material as the dip tube 6 and may for example be electrically or heated gas. In contrast to known methods, the inventive method operates at very high operating temperatures, so that there is virtually no formation of tars. The tar formation rate is below 10 g / Nm ³ . The renunciation of moving mechanical parts according to the invention in the region of the reaction chamber 2 reduces the technical

Sources of interference. Hot spots or short circuit currents are avoided as well as the need for thermal and metallurgical

resistant bearing or the like. Even smaller plant sizes can work economically, the device according to the invention and the method are easy to automate and user-friendly. The tin used has only a vapor pressure of 1 ^* 10 ^"4 mbar at an operating temperature of 900 ° C, so that it is extremely suitable and has a long service life

exemplary pyrolysis was as pyrolysis bovine manure

used, this gave the permanent product gas composition (in% by volume):

Table 1

Furthermore, wood, straw, cherry stones and plastic were used as pyrolysis. In each case, very high yields of synthesis gas (CO, H ₂ ) of about 68 to 81% by volume were achieved. The sum of combustible gases is between 83 and 91 Vol .-%. Details are given in Table 2, data in% by volume:

Wood wooden straw cherry pits plastic

(40% H ₂ O) (16% H ₂ O) H ₂ 39 47 43 43 59

CO 30 34 32 32 6

CH ₄ 1 1 7 7 1 1 25

C _X Hy 3 0 5 5 8

CO ₂ 17 12 12 9 2

Table 2

With great advantage, a predrying of the invention

Process good, even water contents of 40 vol .-% are harmless. This improves the overall energy balance of the

Procedure and device.

In general, very high volume fractions of hydrogen, methane and CO are achieved. It has a tin concentration of 5.3 ^* 10 ^"7 mg / Nm ³ measured. It has been recognized no tar, so that the recovery of the product gas inventively produced without any problems in a gas engine. As the values listed in the tables, results a very high yield of synthesis gas (CO, H ₂ ) of about 60-65% by volume, which is also an indication that the water-gas shift reaction of H ₂ O and CO to H ₂ and CO _{2 is} already in the

Reaction chamber runs, wherein the required water is introduced by wet biomass. With great advantage can therefore be omitted in the apparatus according to the invention, a drying step.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 pyrolysis device

2 reaction chamber

3 entry device

4 process material

5 product derivation

6 dip tube

7 dosing device

8 shut-off device

9 heating device

10 heat insulation

1 1 product gas aftertreatment device

12 dust collectors

13 gas coolers

14 condensate separator

15 chemical gas cleaning

16 boiling stones

17 pyrolysis goods storage tank

18 pinch valve

19 pinch valve

20 cache

21 floor space

22 lid surface

23 screw conveyor

24 removal device

25 sensor

26 press cake

Claims

1 . Pyrolysis device (1) comprising a reaction chamber (2), an associated with the reaction chamber (2) entry device (3) for process material (4) and connected to the reaction chamber (2) product discharge (5), wherein the reaction chamber (2) below

Operating conditions containing a molten metal, wherein the entry device (3) process material (4) in the under

Operating conditions contained in the reaction chamber (2)

Metal melt is almost invading under exclusion of air, characterized in that the entry device (3) at least one near the bottom of the reaction chamber (2) open ended dip tube (6), that the dip tube (6) in the region of the reaction chamber (2) no moving parts having.

2. pyrolysis device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the Prozeßguteintrag gravity-driven is successful.

3. pyrolysis device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized

characterized in that the entry device (3) a

Dosing device (7) for metering the process material entry into the dip tube (6). 4. pyrolysis device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the entry device (3) has a gas-tight closing device (8), in particular one or more Schlauchquetschventile (18, 19).

5. pyrolysis device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the process material (4) the

Shut-off device (8) is forming. Pyrolysis device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metering device (7) has a screw conveyor (23) and a removal device (24), wherein the conveying direction of the screw conveyor (23) against the

Direction of action of the removal device (24) is directed and wherein a sensor (25) in the conveying direction in front of the screw conveyor (23) is arranged.

Pyrolysis device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the removal device (24) is designed as a cutter and in particular the screw shaft of the screw conveyor (23) is penetrating.

Pyrolysis device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reaction chamber (2)

has temperable design, in particular a heating device (9) and / or a thermal insulation (10).

Pyrolysis device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the product discharge (5) has a

Product gas aftertreatment device (1 1), in particular one or more dust collector (12), gas cooler (13),

Condensate separator (14), chemical gas cleaning (15).

Process for the pyrolysis of carbonaceous pyrolysis good, in which in a reaction chamber (2) a metal bath is kept under exclusion of air, process material is continuously introduced into the metal bath under the surface while the entry takes place without the use of moving parts in the metal bath and in which the process material from Site of pyrolysis passes through the metal bath to get to a product discharge.

1 1. A method according to claim 7, wherein the entry of the process material takes place by means of gravity.

12. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 1 1, wherein the process material before entry into the metal bath forms an approximately gas-tight closure of the entry device.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 1 or 12, wherein the Pyrolyseguteintragsrate is in equilibrium with the pyrolysis rate of the pyrolysis.

14. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein the metal bath boiling stones (16), in particular silicates.

15. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 14, wherein the product gas obtained is treated, in particular a catalytic water gas shift reaction is subjected to

To produce hydrogen.