EP2822800A2 - Method for discharging at least one capacitor of an electric circuit - Google Patents

Method for discharging at least one capacitor of an electric circuit

Info

Publication number
EP2822800A2
EP2822800A2 EP13712307.1A EP13712307A EP2822800A2 EP 2822800 A2 EP2822800 A2 EP 2822800A2 EP 13712307 A EP13712307 A EP 13712307A EP 2822800 A2 EP2822800 A2 EP 2822800A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
capacitor
electric
electrical
stator
coils
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13712307.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2822800B1 (en
Inventor
Antoine BRUYERE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Systemes de Controle Moteur SAS
Original Assignee
Valeo Systemes de Controle Moteur SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valeo Systemes de Controle Moteur SAS filed Critical Valeo Systemes de Controle Moteur SAS
Publication of EP2822800A2 publication Critical patent/EP2822800A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2822800B1 publication Critical patent/EP2822800B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/007—Physical arrangements or structures of drive train converters specially adapted for the propulsion motors of electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/16—Connectors, e.g. plugs or sockets, specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/50—Structural details of electrical machines
    • B60L2220/54—Windings for different functions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the discharge of at least one capacitor of an electrical circuit comprising an electric stator winding of a rotating electrical machine, and in particular on a hybrid or electric vehicle to propel the latter.
  • This capacitor discharge (s) may be desirable at the end of charging by an external electrical network of an electrical energy storage unit of the electrical circuit or at the end of a sequence during which the vehicle is powered wholly or partly by the rotating electrical machine. Examples of cases in which it may be advantageous to discharge the capacitor (s) are mentioned in standard EN 50178 of 1997:
  • This capacitor can be visible on accessible terminals of the electrical circuit from the outside and the existence of this voltage can be dangerous for an operator such as a garage, for example. It is known to discharge one or more capacitors using resistor (s) discharge (s) connected to the electrical circuit and dedicated to the discharge operation. This solution increases the number of components of the electrical circuit and is thus expensive.
  • the application US 2011/0050136 teaches to discharge a capacitor of an electrical circuit comprising a battery and an electric stator winding whose coils are coupled in a star. During the discharge, the current from the capacitor passes through an additional branch comprising a resistance facilitating the discharge before going through the electric stator winding.
  • the invention aims to meet this need and it achieves this by means of a method of discharging at least one capacitor of an electrical circuit further comprising: an electric stator winding of a polyphase rotating electrical machine, said winding comprising a plurality of coils each forming a phase of the stator and being electrically uncoupled from each other,
  • a switching system comprising a plurality of controllable switching cells
  • the above method consists in controlling the electronic switches of the switching system interposed between the capacitor (s) and the electric stator winding so that the discharge current of this or these capacitors is transformed by the switching system into homopolar current.
  • the IMO zero sequence current is defined as follows:
  • the control of the switching system allows each coil to be traversed by a non-zero current of value i M o when the capacitor or capacitors are discharged.
  • Each coil can be traversed by the homopolar current i M o during this discharge of the capacitors or capacitors.
  • the coils are each traversed by a clean electric current of the same average value over said switching period.
  • the electric stator winding is electrically powered by currents which each create a rotating field and the combination of these fields does not create an overall rotating field in the air gap of the machine, so that no torque is exerted on the rotor thereof.
  • the rotating electrical machine may be a machine configured so that the electromotive force induced in each phase of the stator is sinusoidal or does not have a harmonic of rank 3 or of rank multiple of 3 when the electrical winding of the stator is traversed by the current zero sequence. In this case, no torque is applied to the rotor It can thus discharge the capacitors or capacitors, for example to meet the requirements of EN 50178 above without moving the rotor.
  • the method can be applied to rotating electrical machines for which a low torque is applied to the rotor when the stator is supplied with homopolar current.
  • Each coil of the stator winding can have at its terminals a voltage equal in average value from one coil to the other.
  • the coils are not coupled together, i.e. no coil of the stator winding has a terminal connected directly to a terminal of another coil of the stator winding. "The coils are not electrically coupled together” is synonymous with “the coils are independent"
  • the stator can be three-phase, in which case the electric winding of the stator is formed by three coils.
  • the coils of the stator electrical circuit may not be star-coupled or polygon-coupled, that is to say in a triangle when the stator electrical winding is three-phase.
  • the switching cells can be controlled so that the average value over the switching period of the switching cells of the sum of the currents each supplying one of the coils of the electric winding is equal to a non-zero predefined value.
  • the sum of the three currents which each traverse one of the stator coils is thus equal to said predefined value.
  • the control of the switching system can be used to regulate the average value, over a switching period, of the zero-sequence current around a given non-zero value.
  • Said predefined value can be chosen as a function of the percentage of discharge of the capacitor that is to be obtained from the charge (in Coulomb) accumulated between the capacitor plates before the implementation of the process, also called "initial charge” by the following.
  • the method allows for example that the capacitor is discharged by at least 80% of the initial charge.
  • the predefined value of said average value may also be chosen so that the discharge process has a duration less than or equal to a threshold value, so as to respect given constraints.
  • the switching system comprises a plurality of arms connected in parallel, each arm comprising two controllable switching cells separated by a midpoint, each coil being disposed between the midpoints of two arms. dedicated to said coil and the capacitor being mounted in parallel with said arms.
  • the circuit may include an electrical energy storage unit, the capacitor being mounted between the electrical energy storage unit and the switching system.
  • the capacitor can be connected to the stator electrical winding only via the switching system, in particular only via the arms connected in parallel.
  • the electrical circuit may include a DC / DC voltage converter interposed between the electrical energy storage unit and the switching system.
  • the capacitor may be disposed between the electrical energy storage unit and the DC / DC voltage converter or between the switching system and the DC / DC voltage converter.
  • the electrical circuit may comprise: a capacitor disposed between the electrical energy storage unit and the DC / DC voltage converter and,
  • the electrical energy storage unit may be a battery, a super-capacitor or any assembly of batteries or supercapacitors. This is for example several parallel branches of batteries in series.
  • the electrical energy storage unit may have a nominal voltage of between 60 V and 400 V, in particular between 200 V and 400 V.
  • the circuit may comprise a connector capable of being connected to a connector of the complementary type of an electrical network for charging the electrical energy storage unit, the connector comprising at least one plurality of contacts each having a free end and another end connected to an intermediate point of a coil.
  • the electrical network and supplies each coil via an intermediate point thereof, including a midpoint thereof.
  • Such an electrical circuit can be used both for:
  • the structure of the circuit and the control of the switching cells of the switching system may allow charging of the electric energy storage unit without setting the rotor in motion.
  • the network can deliver any one of an AC supply electrical magnitude and a DC power supply magnitude.
  • control of the switching cells can be carried out as described in the application filed in France on December 21, 2011 under the number 11 62140 by the Applicant.
  • Such an electrical circuit can thus be connected to any type of network, namely a polyphase or single-phase network delivering an alternating voltage to a network delivering a DC voltage or a DC current.
  • the electrical circuit is in particular embedded on an electric or hybrid vehicle, that is to say a vehicle whose traction can be carried out exclusively or in part only with the help of the rotating electrical machine.
  • the capacitor has for example a capacity of between 100 ⁇ and 5000 ⁇ .
  • FIG. 1 represents an electric circuit comprising a capacitor to be discharged
  • FIG. 2 schematically represents a vehicle to which the electric circuit of FIG. 1 can be integrated
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the voltages and the currents specific to each coil of
  • FIG. 1 shows an electric circuit 1 comprising a capacitor 2 that it is desired to discharge.
  • the capacitor 2 has for example a capacitance of between 100 ⁇ and 5000 ⁇ .
  • the charge accumulated between the plates of the capacitor 2 is for example between 20% and 100% of its maximum load, such that a voltage greater than 60 V for example may appear across the capacitor.
  • the electric circuit 1 further comprises an electric stator winding 4 and a switching system 5 interposed between the capacitor 2 and the electric stator winding 4.
  • the stator is three-phase, being for example a stator of synchronous motor, in particular rotor with permanent magnets.
  • the stator may comprise more than three phases.
  • stator may be a stator of variable reluctance machine or asynchronous machine.
  • the stator can be part of a rotating electrical machine configured so that the electromotive force induced in each phase of the stator is sinusoidal or does not include a rank 3 or multiple harmonic of 3 when the stator is supplied with homopolar current.
  • stator 4 The electrical winding of stator 4 is in the example considered formed by three coils 6 each defining one of the electrical phases u, v and w of the stator.
  • v u and i u respectively denote the voltage across the coil defining the phase u and the current flowing therethrough
  • v v and i v respectively denote the voltage across the coil defining the phase v and the current running through it
  • v w and i w designate
  • the switching system 5 comprises a plurality of arms 8, each arm being connected in parallel with the capacitor 2.
  • Each arm 8 comprises in the example shown two controllable switching cells 10.
  • Each switching cell 10 is for example formed by a controllable switch 11 in anti-parallel of which is mounted a diode 12.
  • the switch 11 may be a transistor, in particular a field effect transistor, bipolar or IGBT type.
  • a centralized control unit 13 comprising digital processing means can drive all of the transistors 11.
  • Each arm 8 comprises a midpoint 16 between the two switching cells 10 and each midpoint 16 of an arm 8 is in the described example connected to a terminal of one of the coils 6.
  • Each coil 6 can thus be arranged between two middle points 16 of two distinct arms, these two arms 8 then forming an H bridge 19.
  • Each H bridge 19 may be dedicated to a specific coil 6 of the stator electric winding 4.
  • each coil 6 has its terminals directly connected to other elements, here to switching cells 10, only at the terminals of the other coils 6, contrary to what would be the case if the electric winding of stator 4 was connected in star or in triangle.
  • the electrical circuit 1 described with reference to Figure 1 can be integrated with the load and traction system of a vehicle 20 which is for example a hybrid or exclusively electric propulsion automobile.
  • the circuit 1 can then, as represented in FIG. 2, comprise:
  • a connector 23 intended to be connected to an electrical network 24 via a connector of an electrical energy charging means 25, and
  • the electrical energy storage unit 30 may be a battery or a parallel and / or series of battery combination.
  • the electrical network 24 is a three-phase network, but the invention applies to polyphase networks other than three-phase networks or to single-phase networks.
  • it is an industrial network managed by an operator and deployed on a regional, national or international scale.
  • the network delivers for example a voltage of frequency equal to 50 Hz or 60 Hz.
  • the connector 23 comprises four contacts. Three main contacts 32 each have a free end intended to be connected to the complementary type contact of the connector of the charging means 25.
  • the fourth contact 34 of the connector 23 is connected to the body 39 of the vehicle 1 and intended to be connected to the ground electrical network 24.
  • each main contact 32 may have another end connected to a coil 6.
  • this end is connected to a midpoint 35 of a coil 6, that is to say that is, the connection with the contact 32 separates the coil 6 into an exactly equal number of turns.
  • Each of the coils 6 is thus divided into two half-coils traversed by opposite currents from one half-coil to the other when current flows from the electrical network 24 to the electrical energy storage unit 30 via the control system. switching 5 and the coils 6.
  • the circuit 1 further comprises in the example considered a DC / DC voltage converter 41.
  • the capacitor 2 is interposed between the switching system 5 and the DC / DC voltage converter 41 which it forms an input.
  • the electrical energy storage unit 30 is mounted at the output of the converter 41.
  • the converter 41 is in the example shown a serial chopper delivering to the electrical energy storage unit 30 an output voltage obtained by devolving the input voltage across each arm 8.
  • this chopper series 41 comprises two switching cells 44, identical or not to the switching cells 10 of the switching system 5 and separated by a midpoint 45.
  • the cells 44 may be controlled by the control unit 13.
  • Each of these cells 44 is in the example considered reversible, comprising in antiparallel a controllable switch and a diode.
  • An inductor 47 is interposed between this midpoint 45 and the electrical energy storage unit 30.
  • the control unit 13 may be configured to control the switches of the switching cells 10 and 44 above in opening and closing so that: the electrical energy storage unit 30 is charged by the electrical network 24 to which the connector 23 is connected according to an operating mode, and
  • the electrical energy storage unit 30 feeds the coils 6 of the stator electric winding 4 so as to generate a motor torque driving the vehicle 20 according to another mode of operation.
  • the connector 23 and the control of the switching cells 10 and / or 44 may be as set forth in the application filed in France on December 21, 2011 under the number 11 62140 by the Applicant and the content of which is incorporated in the present application by reference, to allow the charging of the electrical energy storage unit 30 from any type of electrical network 24.
  • the switching cells 10 can be controlled so that the initial charge of the capacitor 2 is dissipated in the stator electric winding 4.
  • the switching cells 44 are also controlled so as to put the energy storage unit 30 in open circuit.
  • the switching cells 10 are controlled so that each coil is traversed at the same time by a current of the same value, as represented in FIG.
  • stator electric winding 4 is supplied with the homopolar current and that the voltage at the terminals of each coil 6 is equal.
  • the control of the switching cells 10 can be carried out so that the average value of the current in each coil takes a predetermined non-zero value I 0 , this command enabling no torque to be applied to the rotor despite the power supply to the rotor.
  • capacitor 2 of the stator electric winding 4 when the electromotive force induced in each phase of the stator by the discharge of the capacitor 2 is sinusoidal or does not comprise a harmonic of rank 3 or harmonic of multiple rank of 3.
  • the invention can nevertheless also be applied with rotating electrical machines having an electromotive force comprising harmonics of rank 3 or of multiple rank of 3 in the case of a supply of the stator homopolar current, since the engine torque generated by the homopolar current is weak
  • the resistance of the electric stator winding 4 makes it possible, during the implementation of the above method, to dissipate all or part of the initial charge of the capacitor 2.
  • the capacitor 2 has an initial charge of 0.4 C, at the moment the connector 24 is disconnected from the charging station 25 once the storage unit of charged electrical energy.
  • the method according to the invention can, for example in 5 seconds, make it possible to lower the charge of capacitor 2 to about 50 ⁇ or to lower the voltage across capacitor 2 to about 60 V.
  • the above values of charge or voltage can be obtained in one second from the same initial state of the capacitor 2.
  • the invention is not limited to the examples which have just been described.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for discharging at least one capacitor (2) of an electric circuit (1), said electric circuit (1) also comprising: an electric stator winding (4) of a polyphase rotary electric machine, said winding (4) comprising a plurality of coils (6) which each form a stator phase and which are not being coupled to one another; and a switching system (5) disposed between the capacitor (2) and the electric stator winding (4) and comprising a plurality of controllable switching cells (10). According to the method of the invention, the coils (6) are electrically powered by the capacitor (2) by means of the switching system (5), of which the switching cells (10) are controlled such that the homopolar electric current passes through the electric stator winding (4).

Description

Procédé de décharge d'au moins un condensateur d'un circuit électrique  Method of discharging at least one capacitor of an electric circuit
La présente invention concerne la décharge d'au moins un condensateur d'un circuit électrique comprenant un enroulement électrique de stator de machine électrique tournante, et notamment embarqué sur un véhicule hybride ou électrique pour propulser ce dernier.  The present invention relates to the discharge of at least one capacitor of an electrical circuit comprising an electric stator winding of a rotating electrical machine, and in particular on a hybrid or electric vehicle to propel the latter.
Cette décharge de condensateur(s) peut être souhaitable à l'issue de la charge par un réseau électrique externe d'une unité de stockage d'énergie électrique du circuit électrique ou à l'issue d'une séquence lors de laquelle le véhicule est propulsé en tout ou partie par la machine électrique tournante. Des exemples de cas dans lesquels il peut être avantageux de décharger le ou les condensateurs sont mentionnés dans la norme EN 50178 de 1997 :  This capacitor discharge (s) may be desirable at the end of charging by an external electrical network of an electrical energy storage unit of the electrical circuit or at the end of a sequence during which the vehicle is powered wholly or partly by the rotating electrical machine. Examples of cases in which it may be advantageous to discharge the capacitor (s) are mentioned in standard EN 50178 of 1997:
« Equipement électronique utilisé dans des installations de puissance ». "Electronic equipment used in power installations".
La tension aux bornes de ce condensateur peut être visible sur des bornes accessibles du circuit électrique depuis l'extérieur et l'existence de cette tension peut être dangereuse pour un opérateur tel qu'un garagiste, par exemple. Il est connu de décharger un ou plusieurs condensateurs à l'aide de résistance(s) de décharge connectée(s) au circuit électrique et dédiées à l'opération de décharge. Cette solution augmente le nombre de composants du circuit électrique et elle est ainsi coûteuse.  The voltage across this capacitor can be visible on accessible terminals of the electrical circuit from the outside and the existence of this voltage can be dangerous for an operator such as a garage, for example. It is known to discharge one or more capacitors using resistor (s) discharge (s) connected to the electrical circuit and dedicated to the discharge operation. This solution increases the number of components of the electrical circuit and is thus expensive.
Il est également connu de décharger le ou les condensateurs dans l'enroulement électrique de stator. Cette solution est à l'heure actuelle relativement complexe à mettre en œuvre car il faut éviter que le courant de décharge ne crée un couple moteur non souhaité.  It is also known to discharge the capacitor (s) in the electric stator winding. This solution is currently relatively complex to implement because it must be avoided that the discharge current creates an undesired motor torque.
La demande US 2011/0050136 enseigne de décharger un condensateur d'un circuit électrique comprenant une batterie et un enroulement électrique de stator dont les bobines sont couplées en étoile. Lors de la décharge, le courant issu du condensateur traverse une branche additionnelle comprenant une résistance facilitant la décharge avant de parcourir l'enroulement électrique de stator.  The application US 2011/0050136 teaches to discharge a capacitor of an electrical circuit comprising a battery and an electric stator winding whose coils are coupled in a star. During the discharge, the current from the capacitor passes through an additional branch comprising a resistance facilitating the discharge before going through the electric stator winding.
II existe un besoin pour décharger de façon simple, peu coûteuse et efficace le ou les condensateurs d'un circuit électrique comprenant un enroulement électrique de stator de machine électrique tournante, ledit circuit étant notamment un circuit de traction d'un véhicule hybride ou électrique.  There is a need to simply, inexpensively and efficiently discharge the capacitor or capacitors of an electrical circuit comprising a rotating electric machine stator electrical winding, said circuit being in particular a traction circuit of a hybrid or electric vehicle.
L'invention a pour but de répondre à ce besoin et elle y parvient à l'aide d'un procédé de décharge d'au moins un condensateur d'un circuit électrique comprenant en outre: un enroulement électrique de stator de machine électrique tournante polyphasée, ledit enroulement comprenant une pluralité de bobines formant chacune une phase du stator et étant électriquement non couplées entre elles, The invention aims to meet this need and it achieves this by means of a method of discharging at least one capacitor of an electrical circuit further comprising: an electric stator winding of a polyphase rotating electrical machine, said winding comprising a plurality of coils each forming a phase of the stator and being electrically uncoupled from each other,
un système de commutation comprenant une pluralité de cellules de commutation commandables,  a switching system comprising a plurality of controllable switching cells,
procédé dans lequel on alimente électriquement l'enroulement électrique de stator par le condensateur à travers le système de commutation, les cellules de commutation étant commandées de manière à ce que l'enroulement électrique de stator soit parcouru par le courant électrique homopolaire. method in which the electric stator winding is electrically supplied by the capacitor through the switching system, the switching cells being controlled so that the electric stator winding is traversed by the zero sequence electric current.
Le procédé ci-dessus consiste à commander les interrupteurs électroniques du système de commutation interposé entre le ou les condensateurs et l'enroulement électrique de stator de manière à ce que le courant de décharge de ce ou ces condensateurs soit transformé par le système de commutation en courant homopolaire.  The above method consists in controlling the electronic switches of the switching system interposed between the capacitor (s) and the electric stator winding so that the discharge current of this or these capacitors is transformed by the switching system into homopolar current.
Lorsque l'enroulement électrique de stator comprend N bobines, le courant homopolaire IMO est défini comme suit :  When the stator winding comprises N coils, the IMO zero sequence current is defined as follows:
N  NOT
i = ^—  i = ^ -
M0M0 NNOT
Selon le procédé ci-dessus, la commande du système de commutation permet que chaque bobine soit parcourue par un courant non nul de valeur iMo lorsque l'on décharge le ou les condensateurs. Chaque bobine peut être uniquement parcourue par le courant homopolaire iMo lors de cette décharge du ou des condensateurs. According to the above method, the control of the switching system allows each coil to be traversed by a non-zero current of value i M o when the capacitor or capacitors are discharged. Each coil can be traversed by the homopolar current i M o during this discharge of the capacitors or capacitors.
Lorsque les cellules de commutation du système de commutation sont commandées selon une même période de commutation, les bobines sont chacune parcourues par un courant électrique propre de même valeur moyenne, sur ladite période de commutation.  When the switching cells of the switching system are controlled according to the same switching period, the coils are each traversed by a clean electric current of the same average value over said switching period.
Dans le cas d'un enroulement électrique de stator à trois phases u, v et w, chaque phase étant respectivement parcourue par un courant électrique propre iu, iv et iw, la commande du système de commutation permet que iu, iv et iw soient tous égaux à iMo, à l'exception des instants lors desquels une commutation se produit dans le système de commutation. In the case of a three-phase electric stator winding u, v and w, each phase being respectively traversed by a specific electric current i u , i v and i w , the control of the switching system allows i u , i v and i w are all equal to i M o, with the exception of times when switching occurs in the switching system.
Selon le procédé ci-dessus, l'enroulement électrique de stator est électriquement alimenté par des courants qui créent chacun un champ tournant et la combinaison de ces champs ne crée pas de champ tournant global dans l'entrefer de la machine, de sorte qu'aucun couple n'est exercé sur le rotor de celle-ci. La machine électrique tournante peut être une machine configurée pour que la force électromotrice induite dans chaque phase du stator soit sinusoïdale ou ne comporte pas d'harmonique de rang 3 ou de rang multiple de 3 lorsque l'enroulement électrique de stator est parcouru par le courant homopolaire. Dans ce cas, aucun couple n'est appliqué au rotor On peut ainsi décharger le ou les condensateurs, afin par exemple de satisfaire des exigences de la norme EN 50178 ci-dessus sans mettre en mouvement le rotor. According to the above method, the electric stator winding is electrically powered by currents which each create a rotating field and the combination of these fields does not create an overall rotating field in the air gap of the machine, so that no torque is exerted on the rotor thereof. The rotating electrical machine may be a machine configured so that the electromotive force induced in each phase of the stator is sinusoidal or does not have a harmonic of rank 3 or of rank multiple of 3 when the electrical winding of the stator is traversed by the current zero sequence. In this case, no torque is applied to the rotor It can thus discharge the capacitors or capacitors, for example to meet the requirements of EN 50178 above without moving the rotor.
En variante, le procédé peut être appliqué à des machines électriques tournantes pour lesquelles un faible couple est appliqué au rotor lorsque le stator est alimenté en courant homopolaire.  Alternatively, the method can be applied to rotating electrical machines for which a low torque is applied to the rotor when the stator is supplied with homopolar current.
Chaque bobine de l'enroulement électrique de stator peut avoir à ses bornes une tension égale en valeur moyenne d'une bobine à l'autre.  Each coil of the stator winding can have at its terminals a voltage equal in average value from one coil to the other.
Les bobines ne sont pas couplées entre elles, c'est-à-dire qu'aucune bobine de l'enroulement électrique de stator n'a de borne reliée directement à une borne d'une autre bobine de l'enroulement électrique de stator. « Les bobines ne sont pas électriquement couplées entre elles » est synonyme de « les bobines sont indépendantes »  The coils are not coupled together, i.e. no coil of the stator winding has a terminal connected directly to a terminal of another coil of the stator winding. "The coils are not electrically coupled together" is synonymous with "the coils are independent"
Le stator peut être triphasé, auquel cas l'enroulement électrique de stator est formé par trois bobines.  The stator can be three-phase, in which case the electric winding of the stator is formed by three coils.
Les bobines du circuit électrique de stator peuvent n'être ni couplées en étoile, ni couplées en polygonal, c'est-à-dire en triangle lorsque l'enroulement électrique de stator est triphasé.  The coils of the stator electrical circuit may not be star-coupled or polygon-coupled, that is to say in a triangle when the stator electrical winding is three-phase.
Les cellules de commutation peuvent être commandées de manière à ce que la valeur moyenne sur la période de commutation des cellules de commutation de la somme des courants alimentant chacun une des bobines de l'enroulement électrique soit égale à une valeur prédéfinie non nulle. Dans le cas triphasé, la somme des trois courants qui parcourent chacun une des bobines du stator est ainsi égale à ladite valeur prédéfinie. Autrement dit, la commande du système de commutation peut permettre de réguler la valeur moyenne, sur une période de commutation, du courant homopolaire autour d'une valeur donnée non nulle.  The switching cells can be controlled so that the average value over the switching period of the switching cells of the sum of the currents each supplying one of the coils of the electric winding is equal to a non-zero predefined value. In the three-phase case, the sum of the three currents which each traverse one of the stator coils is thus equal to said predefined value. In other words, the control of the switching system can be used to regulate the average value, over a switching period, of the zero-sequence current around a given non-zero value.
Ladite valeur prédéfinie peut être choisie en fonction du pourcentage de décharge du condensateur que l'on souhaite obtenir à partir de la charge (en Coulomb) accumulée entre les armatures du condensateur avant la mise en œuvre du procédé, encore appelée « charge initiale » par la suite. Le procédé permet par exemple que le condensateur soit déchargé d'au moins 80 % de la charge initiale. La valeur prédéfinie de ladite valeur moyenne peut également être choisie pour que le procédé de décharge ait une durée inférieure ou égale à une valeur seuil, de manière à respecter des contraintes données. Said predefined value can be chosen as a function of the percentage of discharge of the capacitor that is to be obtained from the charge (in Coulomb) accumulated between the capacitor plates before the implementation of the process, also called "initial charge" by the following. The method allows for example that the capacitor is discharged by at least 80% of the initial charge. The predefined value of said average value may also be chosen so that the discharge process has a duration less than or equal to a threshold value, so as to respect given constraints.
Dans un exemple de mise en œuvre de l'invention, le système de commutation comprend une pluralité de bras montés en parallèle, chaque bras comprenant deux cellules de commutation commandables séparées par un point milieu, chaque bobine étant disposée entre les points milieux de deux bras dédiés à ladite bobine et le condensateur étant monté en parallèle desdits bras.  In an exemplary implementation of the invention, the switching system comprises a plurality of arms connected in parallel, each arm comprising two controllable switching cells separated by a midpoint, each coil being disposed between the midpoints of two arms. dedicated to said coil and the capacitor being mounted in parallel with said arms.
Le circuit peut comporter une unité de stockage d'énergie électrique, le condensateur étant monté entre l'unité de stockage d'énergie électrique et le système de commutation.  The circuit may include an electrical energy storage unit, the capacitor being mounted between the electrical energy storage unit and the switching system.
Le condensateur peut être connecté à l'enroulement électrique de stator uniquement par l'intermédiaire du système de commutation, notamment uniquement par l'intermédiaire des bras montés en parallèle.  The capacitor can be connected to the stator electrical winding only via the switching system, in particular only via the arms connected in parallel.
Lors de la décharge, le courant issu du condensateur peut directement circuler dans le système de commutation et dans l'enroulement électrique de stator. La décharge peut ainsi ne pas impliquer que ce courant circule dans une résistance additionnelle. « Directement » signifie ici « sans parcourir un composant électrique qui soit autre que des conducteurs électriques ».  During the discharge, the current from the capacitor can flow directly into the switching system and into the stator winding. The discharge may thus not imply that this current flows in an additional resistance. "Directly" here means "without going through an electrical component that is other than electrical conductors".
Le circuit électrique peut comprendre un convertisseur de tension continu/continu interposé entre l'unité de stockage d'énergie électrique et le système de commutation.  The electrical circuit may include a DC / DC voltage converter interposed between the electrical energy storage unit and the switching system.
Le condensateur peut être disposé entre l'unité de stockage d'énergie électrique et le convertisseur de tension continu/continu ou entre le système de commutation et le convertisseur de tension continu/continu. En variante, le circuit électrique peut comprendre : un condensateur disposé entre l'unité de stockage d'énergie électrique et le convertisseur de tension continu/continu et,  The capacitor may be disposed between the electrical energy storage unit and the DC / DC voltage converter or between the switching system and the DC / DC voltage converter. Alternatively, the electrical circuit may comprise: a capacitor disposed between the electrical energy storage unit and the DC / DC voltage converter and,
un condensateur disposé entre le système de commutation et le convertisseur de tension continu/continu  a capacitor disposed between the switching system and the DC / DC voltage converter
et, and,
lorsque l'on met en œuvre le procédé, on peut décharger l'un et/ou l'autre de ces when the process is implemented, one and / or the other of these
condensateurs. capacitors.
L'unité de stockage d'énergie électrique peut être une batterie, un super-condensateur ou tout assemblage de batteries ou de super-condensateurs. Il s'agit par exemple de plusieurs branches en parallèle de batteries en série. L'unité de stockage d'énergie électrique peut avoir une tension nominale comprise entre 60 V et 400 V, notamment entre 200 V et 400 V. The electrical energy storage unit may be a battery, a super-capacitor or any assembly of batteries or supercapacitors. This is for example several parallel branches of batteries in series. The electrical energy storage unit may have a nominal voltage of between 60 V and 400 V, in particular between 200 V and 400 V.
Le circuit peut comprendre un connecteur apte à être branché à un connecteur de type complémentaire d'un réseau électrique pour charger l'unité de stockage d'énergie électrique, le connecteur comprenant au moins une pluralité de contacts ayant chacun une extrémité libre et une autre extrémité reliée à un point intermédiaire d'une bobine. Le réseau électrique alimente ainsi chaque bobine via un point intermédiaire de celle-ci, notamment un point milieu de celle-ci.  The circuit may comprise a connector capable of being connected to a connector of the complementary type of an electrical network for charging the electrical energy storage unit, the connector comprising at least one plurality of contacts each having a free end and another end connected to an intermediate point of a coil. The electrical network and supplies each coil via an intermediate point thereof, including a midpoint thereof.
Un tel circuit électrique peut être à la fois utilisé pour :  Such an electrical circuit can be used both for:
- alimenter les bobines du stator depuis l'unité de stockage d'énergie électrique et à travers le système de commutation utilisé en onduleur pour faire tourner la machine électrique, et  supplying the stator coils from the electrical energy storage unit and through the switching system used in the inverter to rotate the electric machine, and
- charger l'unité de stockage d'énergie électrique à travers les bobines du stator utilisées comme inductances et à travers le système de commutation utilisé comme redresseur.  - charge the electrical energy storage unit through the stator coils used as inductors and through the switching system used as a rectifier.
La structure du circuit et la commande des cellules de commutation du système de commutation peuvent permettre la charge de l'unité de stockage d'énergie électrique sans mise en mouvement du rotor.  The structure of the circuit and the control of the switching cells of the switching system may allow charging of the electric energy storage unit without setting the rotor in motion.
Le réseau peut délivrer l'une quelconque d'une grandeur électrique d'alimentation alternative et d'une grandeur électrique d'alimentation continue. En particulier, la commande des cellules de commutation peut être effectuée comme décrit dans la demande déposée en France le 21 décembre 2011 sous le numéro 11 62140 par la Déposante.  The network can deliver any one of an AC supply electrical magnitude and a DC power supply magnitude. In particular, the control of the switching cells can be carried out as described in the application filed in France on December 21, 2011 under the number 11 62140 by the Applicant.
Un tel circuit électrique peut ainsi être branché à tout type de réseau, à savoir aussi bien un réseau polyphasé ou monophasé délivrant une tension alternative qu'à un réseau délivrant une tension continue ou un courant continu.  Such an electrical circuit can thus be connected to any type of network, namely a polyphase or single-phase network delivering an alternating voltage to a network delivering a DC voltage or a DC current.
Le circuit électrique est notamment embarqué sur un véhicule électrique ou hybride, c'est-à-dire un véhicule dont la traction peut être effectuée exclusivement ou en partie seulement à l'aide de la machine électrique tournante.  The electrical circuit is in particular embedded on an electric or hybrid vehicle, that is to say a vehicle whose traction can be carried out exclusively or in part only with the help of the rotating electrical machine.
Le condensateur a par exemple une capacité comprise entre 100 μΡ et 5000 μΡ.  The capacitor has for example a capacity of between 100 μΡ and 5000 μΡ.
La machine électrique tournante a par exemple une puissance nominale comprise entre ... et 3 kW et 200 kW L'invention pourra être mieux comprise à la lecture qui va être faite d'un exemple non limitatif de mise en œuvre de celle-ci et à l'examen du dessin annexé sur lequel : la figure 1 représente un circuit électrique comprenant un condensateur à décharger, la figure 2 représente de façon schématique un véhicule auquel le circuit électrique de la figure 1 peut être intégré, et The rotary electrical machine has for example a nominal power of between ... and 3 kW and 200 kW The invention can be better understood on reading which will be made of a non-limiting example of implementation of it and on examining the attached drawing in which: FIG. 1 represents an electric circuit comprising a capacitor to be discharged, FIG. 2 schematically represents a vehicle to which the electric circuit of FIG. 1 can be integrated, and
la figure 3 illustre les tensions et les courants propres à chaque bobine de  FIG. 3 illustrates the voltages and the currents specific to each coil of
l'enroulement électrique de stator représenté sur les figures 1 et 2 lorsque le procédé selon l'invention est mis en oeuvre. On a représenté sur la figure 1 un circuit électrique 1 comprenant un condensateur 2 que l'on cherche à décharger. Le condensateur 2 présente par exemple une capacité comprise entre 100 μΡ et 5000 μΡ. Avant la mise en œuvre du procédé, la charge accumulée entre les armatures du condensateur 2 est par exemple comprise entre 20 % et 100 % de sa charge maximale, tel qu'une tension supérieure à par exemple 60 V puisse apparaître aux bornes du condensateur.  the electric stator winding shown in Figures 1 and 2 when the method according to the invention is implemented. FIG. 1 shows an electric circuit 1 comprising a capacitor 2 that it is desired to discharge. The capacitor 2 has for example a capacitance of between 100 μΡ and 5000 μΡ. Before the implementation of the method, the charge accumulated between the plates of the capacitor 2 is for example between 20% and 100% of its maximum load, such that a voltage greater than 60 V for example may appear across the capacitor.
Le circuit électrique 1 comprend en outre un enroulement électrique de stator 4 et un système de commutation 5 interposé entre le condensateur 2 et l'enroulement électrique de stator 4. Dans l'exemple considéré, le stator est triphasé, étant par exemple un stator de moteur synchrone, notamment à rotor à aimants permanents. En variante, le stator peut comporter plus de trois phases.  The electric circuit 1 further comprises an electric stator winding 4 and a switching system 5 interposed between the capacitor 2 and the electric stator winding 4. In the example in question, the stator is three-phase, being for example a stator of synchronous motor, in particular rotor with permanent magnets. In a variant, the stator may comprise more than three phases.
Dans d'autres variantes, le stator peut être un stator de machine à réluctance variable ou de machine asynchrone.  In other variants, the stator may be a stator of variable reluctance machine or asynchronous machine.
Le stator peut faire partie d'une machine électrique tournante configurée pour que la force électromotrice induite dans chaque phase du stator soit sinusoïdale ou ne comprenne pas d'harmonique de rang 3 ou de rang multiple de 3 lorsque le stator est alimenté en courant homopolaire.  The stator can be part of a rotating electrical machine configured so that the electromotive force induced in each phase of the stator is sinusoidal or does not include a rank 3 or multiple harmonic of 3 when the stator is supplied with homopolar current.
L'enroulement électrique de stator 4 est dans l'exemple considéré formé par trois bobines 6 définissant chacune une des phases électriques u, v et w du stator. Dans ce qui suit, vu et iu désignent respectivement la tension aux bornes de la bobine définissant la phase u et le courant parcourant celle-ci, vv et iv désignent respectivement la tension aux bornes de la bobine définissant la phase v et le courant parcourant celle-ci et vw et iw désignent The electrical winding of stator 4 is in the example considered formed by three coils 6 each defining one of the electrical phases u, v and w of the stator. In the following, v u and i u respectively denote the voltage across the coil defining the phase u and the current flowing therethrough, v v and i v respectively denote the voltage across the coil defining the phase v and the current running through it and v w and i w designate
respectivement la tension aux bornes de la bobine définissant la phase w et le courant parcourant celle-ci. respectively the voltage across the coil defining the phase w and the current flowing therethrough.
La tension homopolaire est définie par uM0 = ( + uv + uw )/ 2> et le courant homopolaire est défini par iM0 = {iv + iv + iw )/ 3. Dans l'exemple représenté, le système de commutation 5 comprend une pluralité de bras 8, chaque bras étant monté en parallèle du condensateur 2. Chaque bras 8 comprend dans l'exemple représenté deux cellules de commutation 10 commandables. Chaque cellule de commutation 10 est par exemple formée par un interrupteur commandable 11 en anti- parallèle duquel est montée une diode 12. L'interrupteur 11 peut être un transistor, notamment un transistor à effet de champ, bipolaire ou de type IGBT. The homopolar voltage is defined by u M0 = (+ u v + u w ) / 2> and the homopolar current is defined by i M0 = {i v + i v + i w ) / 3. In the example shown, the switching system 5 comprises a plurality of arms 8, each arm being connected in parallel with the capacitor 2. Each arm 8 comprises in the example shown two controllable switching cells 10. Each switching cell 10 is for example formed by a controllable switch 11 in anti-parallel of which is mounted a diode 12. The switch 11 may be a transistor, in particular a field effect transistor, bipolar or IGBT type.
Une unité de commande centralisée 13 comprenant des moyens de traitement numérique peut piloter l'ensemble des transistors 11.  A centralized control unit 13 comprising digital processing means can drive all of the transistors 11.
Chaque bras 8 comprend un point milieu 16 entre les deux cellules de commutation 10 et chaque point milieu 16 d'un bras 8 est dans l'exemple décrit relié à une borne d'une des bobines 6. Chaque bobine 6 peut ainsi être disposée entre deux points milieu 16 de deux bras distincts, ces deux bras 8 formant alors un pont en H 19. Chaque pont en H 19 peut être dédié à une bobine spécifique 6 de l'enroulement électrique de stator 4.  Each arm 8 comprises a midpoint 16 between the two switching cells 10 and each midpoint 16 of an arm 8 is in the described example connected to a terminal of one of the coils 6. Each coil 6 can thus be arranged between two middle points 16 of two distinct arms, these two arms 8 then forming an H bridge 19. Each H bridge 19 may be dedicated to a specific coil 6 of the stator electric winding 4.
Comme on peut le voir, les bobines 6 ne sont pas couplées entre elles. En effet, dans l'exemple de la figure 1, chaque bobine 6 a ses bornes directement reliées à d'autres éléments, ici à des cellules de commutation 10, qu'à des bornes des autres bobines 6, contrairement à ce qui serait le cas si l'enroulement électrique de stator 4 était connecté en étoile ou en triangle.  As can be seen, the coils 6 are not coupled together. Indeed, in the example of FIG. 1, each coil 6 has its terminals directly connected to other elements, here to switching cells 10, only at the terminals of the other coils 6, contrary to what would be the case if the electric winding of stator 4 was connected in star or in triangle.
Le circuit électrique 1 décrit en référence à la figure 1 peut être intégré au système de charge et de traction d'un véhicule 20 qui est par exemple une automobile à propulsion hybride ou exclusivement électrique.  The electrical circuit 1 described with reference to Figure 1 can be integrated with the load and traction system of a vehicle 20 which is for example a hybrid or exclusively electric propulsion automobile.
Le circuit 1 peut alors, comme représenté sur la figure 2, comprendre :  The circuit 1 can then, as represented in FIG. 2, comprise:
un connecteur 23 destiné à être branché à un réseau électrique 24 via un connecteur d'un moyen de charge en énergie électrique 25, et  a connector 23 intended to be connected to an electrical network 24 via a connector of an electrical energy charging means 25, and
une unité de stockage d'énergie électrique 30. L'unité de stockage d'énergie électrique 30 peut être une batterie ou une association en parallèle et/ou en série de batteries.  an electrical energy storage unit 30. The electrical energy storage unit 30 may be a battery or a parallel and / or series of battery combination.
Le réseau électrique 24 est dans cet exemple un réseau triphasé mais l'invention s'applique à des réseaux polyphasés autres que triphasés ou à des réseaux monophasés. Il s'agit par exemple d'un réseau industriel géré par un opérateur et déployé à une échelle régionale, nationale ou internationale. Le réseau délivre par exemple une tension de fréquence égale à 50 Hz ou 60 Hz. Dans l'exemple de la figure 2, le connecteur 23 comprend quatre contacts. Trois contacts principaux 32 présentent chacun une extrémité libre destinée à être branchée au contact de type complémentaire du connecteur du moyen de charge 25. Le quatrième contact 34 du connecteur 23 est relié à la carrosserie 39 du véhicule 1 et destiné à être branché à la terre du réseau électrique 24. In this example, the electrical network 24 is a three-phase network, but the invention applies to polyphase networks other than three-phase networks or to single-phase networks. For example, it is an industrial network managed by an operator and deployed on a regional, national or international scale. The network delivers for example a voltage of frequency equal to 50 Hz or 60 Hz. In the example of Figure 2, the connector 23 comprises four contacts. Three main contacts 32 each have a free end intended to be connected to the complementary type contact of the connector of the charging means 25. The fourth contact 34 of the connector 23 is connected to the body 39 of the vehicle 1 and intended to be connected to the ground electrical network 24.
Comme on peut le voir, chaque contact principal 32 peut avoir une autre extrémité reliée à une bobine 6. Dans l'exemple de la figure 2, cette extrémité est reliée à un point milieu 35 d'une bobine 6, c'est-à-dire que la liaison avec le contact 32 sépare la bobine 6 en un nombre exactement égal de spires.  As can be seen, each main contact 32 may have another end connected to a coil 6. In the example of Figure 2, this end is connected to a midpoint 35 of a coil 6, that is to say that is, the connection with the contact 32 separates the coil 6 into an exactly equal number of turns.
Chacune des bobines 6 est ainsi partagée en deux demi-bobines parcourues par des courants opposés d'une demi-bobine à l'autre lorsque du courant va du réseau électrique 24 vers l'unité de stockage d'énergie électrique 30 via le système de commutation 5 et les bobines 6.  Each of the coils 6 is thus divided into two half-coils traversed by opposite currents from one half-coil to the other when current flows from the electrical network 24 to the electrical energy storage unit 30 via the control system. switching 5 and the coils 6.
Le circuit 1 comprend encore dans l'exemple considéré un convertisseur de tension continu/continu 41. Le condensateur 2 est interposé entre le système de commutation 5 et le convertisseur de tension continu/continu 41 dont il forme une entrée. L'unité de stockage d'énergie électrique 30 est montée en sortie du convertisseur 41.  The circuit 1 further comprises in the example considered a DC / DC voltage converter 41. The capacitor 2 is interposed between the switching system 5 and the DC / DC voltage converter 41 which it forms an input. The electrical energy storage unit 30 is mounted at the output of the converter 41.
Le convertisseur 41 est dans l'exemple représenté un hacheur série délivrant à l'unité de stockage d'énergie électrique 30 une tension de sortie obtenue par dévoltage de la tension d'entrée aux bornes de chaque bras 8. De façon connue, ce hacheur série 41 comprend deux cellules de commutation 44, identiques ou non aux cellules de commutation 10 du système de commutation 5 et séparées par un point médian 45. Les cellules 44 peuvent être pilotées par l'unité de commande 13. Chacune de ces cellules 44 est dans l'exemple considéré réversible, comprenant en antiparallèle un interrupteur commandable et une diode. Une inductance 47 est interposée entre ce point médian 45 et l'unité de stockage d'énergie électrique 30.  The converter 41 is in the example shown a serial chopper delivering to the electrical energy storage unit 30 an output voltage obtained by devolving the input voltage across each arm 8. In known manner, this chopper series 41 comprises two switching cells 44, identical or not to the switching cells 10 of the switching system 5 and separated by a midpoint 45. The cells 44 may be controlled by the control unit 13. Each of these cells 44 is in the example considered reversible, comprising in antiparallel a controllable switch and a diode. An inductor 47 is interposed between this midpoint 45 and the electrical energy storage unit 30.
L'unité de commande 13 peut être configurée pour commander les interrupteurs des cellules de commutation 10 et 44 ci-dessus en ouverture et en fermeture de manière à ce que : l'unité de stockage d'énergie électrique 30 soit chargée par le réseau électrique 24 auquel est branché le connecteur 23 selon un mode de fonctionnement, et  The control unit 13 may be configured to control the switches of the switching cells 10 and 44 above in opening and closing so that: the electrical energy storage unit 30 is charged by the electrical network 24 to which the connector 23 is connected according to an operating mode, and
- l'unité de stockage d'énergie électrique 30 alimente les bobines 6 de l'enroulement électrique de stator 4 de manière à générer un couple moteur entraînant le véhicule 20 selon un autre mode de fonctionnement. En particulier, le connecteur 23 et la commande des cellules de commutations 10 et/ou 44 peuvent être tels qu'exposé dans la demande déposée en France le 21 décembre 2011 sous le numéro 11 62140 par la Déposante et dont le contenu est incorporé à la présente demande par référence, pour permettre la charge de l'unité de stockage d'énergie électrique 30 depuis tout type de réseau électrique 24. - The electrical energy storage unit 30 feeds the coils 6 of the stator electric winding 4 so as to generate a motor torque driving the vehicle 20 according to another mode of operation. In particular, the connector 23 and the control of the switching cells 10 and / or 44 may be as set forth in the application filed in France on December 21, 2011 under the number 11 62140 by the Applicant and the content of which is incorporated in the present application by reference, to allow the charging of the electrical energy storage unit 30 from any type of electrical network 24.
Par exemple à l'issue de la charge de l'unité de stockage d'énergie électrique 30 par le réseau 24 ou à l'issue d'une séquence lors de laquelle la machine électrique tournante entraîne le véhicule 20, il peut être souhaitable de décharger le condensateur 2 aux bornes duquel une tension trop importante existe. Pour ce faire, on peut commander les cellules de commutation 10 de manière à ce que la charge initiale du condensateur 2 soit dissipée dans l'enroulement électrique de stator 4. Dans l'exemple de la figure 2, les cellules de commutation 44 sont également commandées de manière à mettre l'unité de stockage d'énergie 30 en circuit ouvert.  For example, at the end of the charging of the electrical energy storage unit 30 by the network 24 or at the end of a sequence during which the rotating electrical machine drives the vehicle 20, it may be desirable to to discharge the capacitor 2 at the terminals of which a too important tension exists. To do this, the switching cells 10 can be controlled so that the initial charge of the capacitor 2 is dissipated in the stator electric winding 4. In the example of FIG. 2, the switching cells 44 are also controlled so as to put the energy storage unit 30 in open circuit.
Lors de cette étape, les cellules de commutation 10 sont commandées de manière à ce que chaque bobine soit parcourue en même temps par un courant de même valeur, comme représenté sur la figure 3.  During this step, the switching cells 10 are controlled so that each coil is traversed at the same time by a current of the same value, as represented in FIG.
Sur la figure 3, on peut voir que l'enroulement électrique de stator 4 est alimenté par le courant homopolaire et que la tension aux bornes de chaque bobine 6 est égale.  In FIG. 3, it can be seen that the stator electric winding 4 is supplied with the homopolar current and that the voltage at the terminals of each coil 6 is equal.
La commande des cellules de commutation 10 peut être effectuée de manière à ce que valeur moyenne du courant dans chaque bobine prenne une valeur non nulle prédéfinie I0, cette commande permettant qu'aucun couple ne soit appliqué au rotor malgré l'alimentation électrique par le condensateur 2 de l'enroulement électrique de stator 4 lorsque la force électromotrice induite dans chaque phase du stator par la décharge du condensateur 2 est sinusoïdale ou ne comporte pas d'harmonique de rang 3 ou d'harmonique de rang multiple de 3. The control of the switching cells 10 can be carried out so that the average value of the current in each coil takes a predetermined non-zero value I 0 , this command enabling no torque to be applied to the rotor despite the power supply to the rotor. capacitor 2 of the stator electric winding 4 when the electromotive force induced in each phase of the stator by the discharge of the capacitor 2 is sinusoidal or does not comprise a harmonic of rank 3 or harmonic of multiple rank of 3.
L'invention peut néanmoins également être appliquée avec des machines électriques tournantes présentant une force électromotrice comprenant des harmoniques de rang 3 ou de rang multiple de 3 dans le cas d'une alimentation du stator en courant homopolaire, dès lors que le couple du moteur généré par le courant homopolaire est faible  The invention can nevertheless also be applied with rotating electrical machines having an electromotive force comprising harmonics of rank 3 or of multiple rank of 3 in the case of a supply of the stator homopolar current, since the engine torque generated by the homopolar current is weak
La résistance de l'enroulement électrique de stator 4 permet lors de la mise en œuvre du procédé ci-dessus la dissipation de tout ou partie de la charge initiale du condensateur 2.  The resistance of the electric stator winding 4 makes it possible, during the implementation of the above method, to dissipate all or part of the initial charge of the capacitor 2.
Par exemple, lorsque le condensateur 2 présente une charge initiale de 0.4 C, au moment où le connecteur 24 est débranché du poste de charge 25 une fois l'unité de stockage d'énergie électrique 30 chargée. Le procédé selon l'invention peut, par exemple en 5 secondes, permettre d'abaisser la charge du condensateur 2 à environ 50μΟ ou d'abaisser la tension aux bornes du condensateur 2 à environ 60 V. For example, when the capacitor 2 has an initial charge of 0.4 C, at the moment the connector 24 is disconnected from the charging station 25 once the storage unit of charged electrical energy. The method according to the invention can, for example in 5 seconds, make it possible to lower the charge of capacitor 2 to about 50 μΟ or to lower the voltage across capacitor 2 to about 60 V.
Selon un autre exemple, les valeurs ci-dessus de charge ou de tension peuvent être obtenues en une seconde à partir d'un même état initial du condensateur 2. L'invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples qui viennent d'être décrits.  According to another example, the above values of charge or voltage can be obtained in one second from the same initial state of the capacitor 2. The invention is not limited to the examples which have just been described.
L'expression « comportant un » doit être comprise comme signifiant « comportant au moins un », sauf lorsque le contraire est spécifié.  The expression "comprising a" shall be understood as meaning "containing at least one", except when the opposite is specified.

Claims

Revendications claims
1. Procédé de décharge d'au moins un condensateur (2) d'un circuit électrique (1), le circuit électrique (1) comprenant en outre : A method of discharging at least one capacitor (2) of an electric circuit (1), the electric circuit (1) further comprising:
- un enroulement électrique de stator (4) de machine électrique tournante polyphasée, ledit enroulement (4) comprenant une pluralité de bobines (6) formant chacune une phase du stator, lesdites bobines (6) n'étant électriquement pas couplées entre elles, un système de commutation (5) comprenant une pluralité de cellules de commutation commandables (10),  an electrical stator winding (4) of a polyphase rotating electrical machine, said winding (4) comprising a plurality of coils (6) each forming a phase of the stator, said coils (6) not being electrically coupled together, a switching system (5) comprising a plurality of controllable switching cells (10),
procédé dans lequel on alimente électriquement les bobines (6) par le condensateur (2) à travers le système de commutation (5) dont les cellules de commutation (10) sont commandées de manière à ce que l'enroulement électrique de stator (4) soit parcouru par le courant homopolaire. a method in which the coils (6) are electrically supplied by the capacitor (2) through the switching system (5) whose switching cells (10) are controlled so that the stator electric winding (4) is traversed by the homopolar current.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, les bobines (6) du circuit électrique (2) n'étant ni couplées en étoile, ni couplées en polygonal.  2. Method according to claim 1, the coils (6) of the electric circuit (2) being neither star-coupled nor polygonal-coupled.
3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, le stator étant triphasé.  3. Method according to one of the preceding claims, the stator being three-phase.
4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, les cellules de commutation (10) étant commandées de manière à ce que la valeur moyenne sur la période de commutation des cellules de commutation (10) de la somme des courants alimentant l'une des bobines (6) de l'enroulement électrique (4) soit égale à une valeur prédéfinie non nulle. 4. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, the switching cells (10) being controlled so that the average value over the switching period of the switching cells (10) of the sum of the currents supplying the one coils (6) of the electric winding (4) is equal to a non-zero predefined value.
5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, le système de commutation (5) comprenant une pluralité de bras (8) montés en parallèle, chaque bras (8) comprenant deux cellules de commutation commandables (10) séparées par un point milieu (16), chaque bobine (6) étant disposée entre les points milieux (16) de deux bras (8) dédiés à ladite bobine (6) et le condensateur (2) étant monté en parallèle desdits bras (8). 5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, the switching system (5) comprising a plurality of arms (8) connected in parallel, each arm (8) comprising two controllable switching cells (10) separated by a midpoint. (16), each coil (6) being disposed between the midpoints (16) of two arms (8) dedicated to said coil (6) and the capacitor (2) being connected in parallel with said arms (8).
6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, le circuit (2) comportant en outre une unité de stockage d'énergie électrique (30), le condensateur (2) étant monté entre l'unité de stockage d'énergie électrique (30) et le système de commutation (5).  6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, the circuit (2) further comprising an electrical energy storage unit (30), the capacitor (2) being mounted between the electrical energy storage unit ( 30) and the switching system (5).
7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, le circuit (2) comprenant en outre un connecteur (23) apte à être branché à un connecteur de type complémentaire d'un réseau électrique (24) pour charger l'unité de stockage d'énergie électrique (30), le connecteur (23) comprenant au moins une pluralité de contacts (32) ayant chacun une extrémité libre et une autre extrémité reliée à un point intermédiaire (35) d'une bobine (6).7. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, the circuit (2) further comprising a connector (23) adapted to be connected to a connector of the complementary type of an electrical network (24) for charging the storage unit. of electrical energy (30), the connector (23) comprising at least a plurality of contacts (32) each having a free end and another end connected to an intermediate point (35) of a coil (6).
8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, le réseau électrique (24) délivrant l'une quelconque d'une grandeur électrique d'alimentation alternative et d'une grandeur électrique d'alimentation continue. 8. The method of claim 7, the electrical network (24) delivering any one of an AC supply electrical quantity and a continuous supply electrical magnitude.
9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, le circuit (2) comprenant un convertisseur de tension continu/continu (41) interposé entre le condensateur (2) et l'unité de stockage d'énergie électrique (30).  9. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, the circuit (2) comprising a DC / DC voltage converter (41) interposed between the capacitor (2) and the electrical energy storage unit (30).
10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, le circuit étant embarqué sur un véhicule électrique ou hybride.  10. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, the circuit being embedded on an electric or hybrid vehicle.
11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, le condensateur (2) étant électriquement connecté à l'enroulement électrique de stator (4) uniquement par  The method according to any one of the preceding claims, the capacitor (2) being electrically connected to the stator electric winding (4) only by
l'intermédiaire du système de commutation (5). via the switching system (5).
12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, lors de la décharge, le courant issu du condensateur (2) circulant dans le système de commutation (5) et dans l'enroulement électrique de stator (4) sans parcourir un composant électrique autre que des conducteurs électriques.  12. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, during the discharge, the current from the capacitor (2) flowing in the switching system (5) and in the electric stator winding (4) without traversing an electrical component. other than electrical conductors.
EP13712307.1A 2012-03-09 2013-03-04 Method for discharging at least one capacitor of an electric circuit Active EP2822800B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1252129A FR2987946B1 (en) 2012-03-09 2012-03-09 METHOD FOR DISCHARGING AT LEAST ONE CAPACITOR OF AN ELECTRIC CIRCUIT
PCT/FR2013/050450 WO2013132181A2 (en) 2012-03-09 2013-03-04 Method for discharging at least one capacitor of an electric circuit

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EP2822800A2 true EP2822800A2 (en) 2015-01-14
EP2822800B1 EP2822800B1 (en) 2020-01-01

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EP (1) EP2822800B1 (en)
JP (1) JP6211545B2 (en)
KR (1) KR102202513B1 (en)
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WO (1) WO2013132181A2 (en)

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DE102015218416A1 (en) 2015-09-24 2017-03-30 Continental Automotive Gmbh Vehicle-side power circuit for power supply in an electrically driven vehicle
KR102157329B1 (en) 2016-02-05 2020-09-17 광동 오포 모바일 텔레커뮤니케이션즈 코포레이션 리미티드 Charging system, charging method and power adapter for terminal
US10507716B2 (en) * 2016-04-25 2019-12-17 General Electric Company Integrated charger for vehicles and method of making same

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US9457683B2 (en) 2016-10-04
EP2822800B1 (en) 2020-01-01
KR20140137421A (en) 2014-12-02
CN104245396B (en) 2017-09-01
FR2987946B1 (en) 2014-03-07
FR2987946A1 (en) 2013-09-13
JP2015516791A (en) 2015-06-11
WO2013132181A3 (en) 2014-01-16
WO2013132181A2 (en) 2013-09-12
CN104245396A (en) 2014-12-24
JP6211545B2 (en) 2017-10-11

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