EP2816206A1 - Spray nozzle for ejecting a cooling fluid towards a piston - Google Patents

Spray nozzle for ejecting a cooling fluid towards a piston Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2816206A1
EP2816206A1 EP14305846.9A EP14305846A EP2816206A1 EP 2816206 A1 EP2816206 A1 EP 2816206A1 EP 14305846 A EP14305846 A EP 14305846A EP 2816206 A1 EP2816206 A1 EP 2816206A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
activation
fluid
leakage
opening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP14305846.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2816206B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Millon
Florent DAUBERCIES
Arnaud NIFENECKER
Romain Dejean
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Renault SAS
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Renault SAS
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Application filed by Renault SAS filed Critical Renault SAS
Publication of EP2816206A1 publication Critical patent/EP2816206A1/en
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Publication of EP2816206B1 publication Critical patent/EP2816206B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
    • F01P3/06—Arrangements for cooling pistons
    • F01P3/08—Cooling of piston exterior only, e.g. by jets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/08—Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of lubricant jetting means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a nozzle for ejecting a cooling fluid to a piston that can equip a heat engine.
  • a nozzle makes it possible to project this cooling fluid such as oil against the bottom of the piston, that is to say against the piston face outside the explosion chamber, or in a piston gallery.
  • the invention also relates to a vehicle comprising such a nozzle.
  • Such nozzles are shunted on a high pressure circuit of the lubricating fluid of the engine and have an ejection nozzle by which they are capable of ejecting by spraying the pressurized cooling fluid, which is directed to the hot spot piston to cool it.
  • the invention also relates to a vehicle comprising such a nozzle for ejecting a cooling fluid to a piston.
  • the invention makes it possible to adjust the flow rate of a nozzle to eject a cooling fluid on a piston optimally so that it only sprays the cooling fluid from threshold values of oil pressure.
  • lubrication defined by the geometry, the thermal piston, and the lubrication circuit as well as by the fluid temperature, such as a cooling oil.
  • the nozzle 1 for ejecting a cooling fluid to at least one piston comprises a body 2, a movable element 3 and an activation device 4.
  • This nozzle 1 is intended to receive the cooling fluid 5 through an inlet opening 6.
  • a fluid 5 may for example be a cooling oil.
  • the body 2 of the nozzle 1 may have a cylindrical outer surface. It comprises a substantially cylindrical main section of revolution comprising an axial through passage duct capable of guiding the movable member 3 in the body 2 of the nozzle 1. Thereafter this axial through passage duct will be designated by the expression conduit through 7.
  • This through duct 7 connects an inlet opening 6 to a leakage opening 10.
  • This through duct 7 has a cross section which can be configured to provide a desired flow rate of coolant to be sprayed.
  • This inlet opening 6 is disposed at an axial end of this through conduit 7 and allows the cooling fluid 5 to access the through conduit 7.
  • the leak opening 10 is situated at another axial end of this through duct 7. This leakage opening 10 is preferably arranged at the opposite end of the inlet opening 6.
  • This leakage opening 10 is likely to open into a return duct (not shown) intended to return the fluid 5 to a fluid casing (not shown).
  • this leakage opening 10 may be arranged radially, in particular in the body 2 of the nozzle 1.
  • the through conduit 7 also comprises at least one outlet orifice 8 disposed radially in the body 2 of the nozzle 1 between the two inlet openings 6 and leakage 10.
  • Several outlet orifices 8 can be arranged in this body 2.
  • This outlet orifice 8 may comprise an outlet tube 9 which is capable of forming the outlet of the nozzle 1, by which a jet of cooling fluid 5 can be projected towards a piston.
  • This outlet tube 9 can be bent and suitably formed to direct the fluid 5 from one end downstream of the tube 9, depending on the flow of the fluid 5, to another end of this tube having a section restriction in order to optimize the jet parameters such as, for example, the coherence, the direction, the speed or the flow rate of this fluid jet as a function of the pressure.
  • upstream and downstream terms define relative positions in the direction of flow of the cooling fluid.
  • the nozzle 1 also comprises the activation device 4 and the mobile element 3 which are arranged in the through conduit 7.
  • the movable element 3 is slidably mounted in the through conduit 7 of the nozzle 1 with a small functional clearance.
  • This movable element 3 is able to cooperate with an elastic element 13 and the cooling fluid 5 so as to move by sliding between the inlet and outlet openings 10 of the through conduit 7 of the nozzle 1.
  • this mobile element 3 can then close / release the outlet orifice 8 to prohibit / allow the passage of the cooling fluid 5 from the through conduit 7 to the tube 9.
  • the elastic element 13 is able to hold the movable element 3 at a certain distance from the leakage opening 10 so that the movable element 3 closes this outlet orifice 8.
  • the activation device 4 of this nozzle 1 is arranged between the leakage opening 10 and the outlet orifice 8. More specifically, this activation device 4 can be arranged at the level of the leakage opening 10 so as to closing / releasing this leakage opening 10 hermetically. This activation device 4 then constitutes a removable wall of the through conduit 7.
  • this activation device 4 may comprise at least one activation element 11, 12. In the present embodiment, it comprises comprises two: a first activation element 12 and a second activation element 11.
  • activation elements 11 and 12 are capable of producing elastic deformation. They may correspond, like the elastic element 13, to a spring, in particular a helical, spiral or blade spring.
  • the activation device 4 may comprise activation elements 11 and 12 corresponding to a combination of these different types of springs.
  • the first activation element 12 may then constitute an elastic wall in the form of a spring having a coefficient of proportionality, called stiffness of the spring and noted k c .
  • this first activation element 12 may comprise an axial leakage orifice 14 which opens into a return duct (not shown) intended to bring the fluid 5 back to the fluid casing.
  • the deformation of the first activation element 12 can be triggered when the pressure P of the cooling fluid 5 is substantially greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold pressure P M.
  • This pressure P M is a pressure around which the first activation element 12 can deform.
  • the second activation element 11 may also constitute an elastic wall of shape memory material or a bimetallic strip.
  • This second activation element 11 which may be of shape memory material has the capacity to keep in memory an initial shape and to return to it even after a deformation.
  • the deformation of the second activation element 11 of shape memory material is likely to be triggered when the temperature T of the cooling fluid 5 is substantially greater than or equal to a temperature T s predefined threshold.
  • This temperature T s is a temperature in the vicinity of which the second activation element 11 can deform.
  • This second activation element 11 can also alternate between two forms previously stored when its temperature varies around this threshold temperature T s and can also have a superelastic behavior allowing elongations without permanent deformation.
  • This second activation element 11 of shape memory material may be made of an alloy which may comprise nickel and titanium in substantially equal proportions. It will be noted that this type of alloy is better known by the term "nitinol” or the expression “quasi-equiatomic nickel-titanium alloys”. Other alloys comprising brass or some copper-aluminum alloys can also be used.
  • the actuating device 4 comprises activation elements 11 and 12 for closing / clearing the leakage opening 10 adapted to clear said leakage opening 10 under a condition in a list comprising the fluid temperature T greater than a temperature threshold T s and the pressure P of the fluid 5 greater than a pressure threshold P M.
  • the first activating element 12 may be pivotally mounted according to a primary pivoting axis orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the through conduit 7 of the nozzle 1.
  • the second activation element 11 may also be pivotably mounted according to a secondary pivot axis 16 orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the through conduit 7.
  • the secondary axis 16 of pivoting may be coincident with the primary axis 15 of pivoting or may cooperate with this primary axis 15.
  • the activation elements 11 and 12 are not connected to each other. Indeed, the second activation element 11 is mounted in abutment on the first activation element 12. Thus, when the second activation element 11 undergoes deformation, the first activation element 12 makes no movement.
  • this first activation element 12 illustrated in FIGS. figures 1 , 2 and 3 may comprise an axial leakage orifice 14 which is capable of being closed by the second activation element 11 when the second activation element 11 is placed in abutment on this first activation element 12.
  • this second activation element 11 can close off / clear this leakage orifice 14.
  • each of these activation elements 11 and 12 for closing / clearing the leakage opening 10 or the leakage orifice 14 is able to deform individually or simultaneously.
  • the elastic element 13 may correspond to a helical spring with a stiffness k 0 .
  • the stiffness k c of the activation element 12 is greater than the stiffness k 0 of the elastic element 13.
  • This elastic element 13 has an end which is supported for example on a wall element of the through conduit 7 and another end cooperating with the movable element 13.
  • This wall element of the through duct 7 may be an annular projection (not shown) disposed near and upstream of the leakage opening 10 and downstream of the outlet orifice 8.
  • the annular projection can be located between about 1 to 3mm of the leakage opening 10 and preferably 2mm.
  • This elastic element 13 is able to cooperate with one of the activation elements 11, 12 to close off / clear the leakage opening 10 or the leakage orifice 1 in order to control the flow of ejection fluid.
  • the movable element 3 is positioned at the outlet orifice 8 so as to seal it by being pushed by the elastic element 13 towards the inlet opening 6. This movable element 3 is also likely to close the cross section of the through conduit 7.
  • the cooling fluid 5 can not then circulate between the inlet opening 6 and the tube 9 while passing through the outlet orifice 8.
  • the cooling fluid 5 can access the portion of the through duct 7 defining a space substantially between the leakage opening 10 and the mobile element 3. More specifically, this fluid 5 can flow in the through conduit 7 between the contours of the movable member 3 and the inner wall 17 of this through conduit 7 to spread in this space.
  • first and second activation elements 12 and 11 are then inert.
  • the cooling fluid can be ejected towards at least one piston.
  • the activation device 4 is adapted as a function of the temperature T and / or the pressure P of the cooling fluid 5 to cause the passage of the nozzle 1 from the closed mode to the open mode by triggering the sliding of the movable element 3 in the through conduit 7.
  • the cooling fluid 5 is able to enter the through conduit 7 through the inlet opening 6 up to the activation device 4 circulating in the through conduit 7 between the contours of the movable member 3 and the inner wall 17 of the through conduit 7 to spread in the portion of the through conduit 7 defining a space substantially between the leak aperture 10 and the movable member 3.
  • This open mode has two variants of nozzle opening 1. A first variant shown in FIG. figure 2 and a second variant shown in figure 3 .
  • the second activation element 11 is mounted in abutment on the first activation element 12.
  • the first activation element 12 undergoes a deformation, it also drives the second activation element 11 in a movement of the same direction and / or the same direction.
  • the activation device 4 included in the nozzle 1 illustrated in FIG. figure 2 then performs a rotational movement which then releases the leakage aperture 10.
  • the second activation element 11 is mounted in abutment on the first activation element 12.
  • the first activation element 12 makes no movement.
  • This activation element 11 then makes a rotational movement allowing it to be detached from the first activation element 12 and thus to release the leakage orifice 14 from the first activation element 12.
  • the clearance of the leakage opening 10 or the leakage orifice 14 causes the pressure P of the fluid 5 to drop in the space substantially between the leakage opening 10 or the orifice 14 and the movable element 3. This pressure P of the fluid 5 drops until the pressure of the fluid 5 in the chamber of the fluid casing.
  • the leak opening 10 or the leakage orifice 14 each opens into a return duct intended to return the fluid to a fluid casing.
  • the pressure downstream of said leakage opening 10 or of the leakage orifice 14 corresponds substantially to the pressure inside the fluid casing, which is close to atmospheric pressure.
  • the pressure difference between the pressure P M of fluid at the inlet opening 6 and the pressure at the leakage opening 10 thus causes a bearing force F1 on the movable member 3 tending to push it towards the leakage aperture 10.
  • the mobile element 3 is then pushed on one side by a bearing force F1 due to the pressure P m of the fluid at the inlet opening 6 and on the other side by the restoring force F of the elastic element 13. If the pressure P m of the fluid is sufficiently high to cause a bearing force F1 on the movable element 3 greater than the restoring force F, the difference between the two opposing forces causes sliding of the movable element 3 along the axis of the through conduit 7 to clear the outlet orifice 8.
  • the return force F being lower than said bearing force F1
  • the movable element 3 is then driven to slide along the longitudinal axis of the through conduit 7 to clear the outlet orifice 8.
  • the cooling fluid 5 can then flow from the inlet opening 6 to the outlet orifice 8 via a portion of the through conduit 7. to the outlet tube 9.
  • the flow rate of the cooling fluid 5 at the outlet orifice 8 varies progressively as a function of the pressures P m and P M of the fluid 5 at the inlet opening 6.
  • the fluid flow rate can not increase any more, as illustrated by each of the curves A and B of FIG. figure 5 .
  • This cooling fluid 5 flowing between the inlet opening 6 and the outlet orifice 8 is then ejected towards the piston (not shown).
  • the nozzle 1 has several orifices 8 output, it is then able to cool several pistons simultaneously from several tubes 9 output.
  • this cooling nozzle 1 is then able to dispense the cooling fluid from the inlet opening 6 through at least one of its outlet orifices 8 to at least one piston.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un gicleur (1) pour éjecter un fluide de refroidissement vers un piston comprenant : - un conduit traversant (7) dans lequel un élément mobile (3) est susceptible de coulisser pour obturer/dégager un orifice de sortie (8), et présentant une ouverture d'admission (6) et une ouverture de fuite (10) connectée à un carter de fluide, - un dispositif d'actionnement (4) reliant l'ouverture de fuite (10) et l'élément mobile (3), le dispositif d'actionnement (4) comportant des éléments d'activation (11,12) pour obturer/dégager l'ouverture de fuite (10) adaptés à dégager ladite ouverture de fuite (10) sous une condition dans une liste comprenant la température (T) du fluide (5) supérieure à un seuil de température (T S ) et la pression (P) du fluide (5) supérieure à un seuil de pression (P M ).The invention relates to a nozzle (1) for ejecting a cooling fluid to a piston comprising: - a through duct (7) in which a movable member (3) is slidable to close / release an outlet (8), and having an inlet opening (6) and a leakage opening (10) connected to a fluid casing, an actuating device (4) connecting the leakage opening (10) and the movable element (3), the actuating device (4) having activation elements (11,12) for closing / clearing the leakage aperture (10) adapted to clear said leakage opening (10) under a condition from a list comprising the temperature (T) of the fluid (5) greater than a temperature threshold (TS) and the pressure (P) of the fluid (5) greater than a pressure threshold (PM).

Description

La présente invention concerne un gicleur pour éjecter un fluide de refroidissement vers un piston susceptible d'équiper un moteur thermique. Un tel gicleur permet de projeter ce fluide de refroidissement tel que de l'huile contre le fond de piston, c'est-à-dire contre la face de piston extérieure à la chambre d'explosion, ou dans une galerie de piston.The present invention relates to a nozzle for ejecting a cooling fluid to a piston that can equip a heat engine. Such a nozzle makes it possible to project this cooling fluid such as oil against the bottom of the piston, that is to say against the piston face outside the explosion chamber, or in a piston gallery.

L'invention concerne également un véhicule comprenant un tel gicleur.The invention also relates to a vehicle comprising such a nozzle.

Dans le cadre de la mise en oeuvre de pistons dans des moteurs thermiques, un problème général se pose quant à leur durée de vie limitée résultant de l'apparition de phénomènes d'usure liés au fait qu'ils sont exposés en permanence à des températures très élevées, en particulier au niveau de leur partie haute.In the context of the use of pistons in heat engines, a general problem arises as to their limited lifetime resulting from the occurrence of wear phenomena related to the fact that they are permanently exposed to temperatures very high, especially at the level of their upper part.

Pour pallier ce problème, il est connu dans l'état de l'art d'utiliser des gicleurs afin de projeter un fluide tel que de l'huile pour lubrifier ce piston et son axe mais également le refroidir.To overcome this problem, it is known in the state of the art to use nozzles to project a fluid such as oil to lubricate the piston and its axis but also cool.

De tels gicleurs sont montés en dérivation sur un circuit haute pression du fluide de lubrification du moteur thermique et comportent une buse d'éjection par laquelle ils sont susceptibles d'éjecter par pulvérisation le fluide de refroidissement sous pression, qui est dirigé vers le point chaud du piston pour le refroidir.Such nozzles are shunted on a high pressure circuit of the lubricating fluid of the engine and have an ejection nozzle by which they are capable of ejecting by spraying the pressurized cooling fluid, which is directed to the hot spot piston to cool it.

Cependant, un des inconvénients majeur de tels gicleurs de refroidissement est de fournir des débits de fluide de refroidissement au piston, qui ne correspondent pas aux besoins réels de ce dernier et donc d'engendrer ainsi des pertes de puissance au niveau du moteur thermique.However, one of the major drawbacks of such cooling nozzles is to provide cooling fluid flows to the piston, which do not correspond to the actual needs of the latter and thus to generate power losses in the engine.

De telles pertes de puissance sont à l'origine d'importantes consommation et d'émissions de gaz par le moteur.Such power losses are at the origin of significant consumption and emissions of gas by the engine.

La présente invention a pour objet de remédier en tout ou partie aux différents inconvénients cités précédemment.
Dans ce dessein, l'invention concerne un gicleur pour éjecter un fluide de refroidissement vers un piston comprenant :

  • un conduit traversant dans lequel un élément mobile est susceptible de coulisser pour obturer/dégager un orifice de sortie, et présentant une ouverture d'admission et une ouverture de fuite connectée à un carter de fluide,
  • un dispositif d'actionnement reliant l'ouverture de fuite et l'élément mobile,
le dispositif d'actionnement comportant des éléments d'activation pour obturer/dégager l'ouverture de fuite adaptés à dégager ladite ouverture de fuite sous une condition dans une liste comprenant la température du fluide supérieure à un seuil de température et la pression du fluide supérieure à un seuil de pression.The present invention aims to remedy all or part of the various disadvantages mentioned above.
For this purpose, the invention relates to a nozzle for ejecting a cooling fluid to a piston comprising:
  • a through duct in which a movable member is slidable to seal / disengage an outlet, and having an inlet opening and a leakage opening connected to a fluid casing,
  • an actuating device connecting the leakage opening and the movable element,
the actuating device having activation elements for closing / clearing the leakage opening adapted to clear said leakage opening under a condition in a list comprising the fluid temperature above a temperature threshold and the upper fluid pressure at a pressure threshold.

Dans d'autres modes de réalisation :

  • le dispositif d'activation comporte au moins deux éléments d'activation susceptibles de réaliser une déformation élastique visant à obturer/dégager l'ouverture de fuite ;
  • au moins un des éléments d'activation est réalisé en matériau à mémoire de forme ;
  • chacun des éléments d'activation permettant d'obturer/dégager l'ouverture de fuite est apte à se déformer de façon individuelle ;
  • les éléments d'activation permettant d'obturer/dégager l'ouverture de fuite sont aptes à se déformer simultanément ;
  • l'élément élastique est disposé entre l'ouverture de fuite et l'élément mobile ;
  • la raideur de l'élément d'activation est supérieure à la raideur de l'élément élastique ;
  • l'élément élastique est apte à coopérer avec l'un des éléments d'activation pour obturer/dégager l'ouverture de fuite afin de contrôler le débit de fluide d'éjection ;
  • l'élément mobile est monté coulissant dans le conduit traversant, et
  • l'élément mobile est apte à obturer la section transversale du conduit traversant.
In other embodiments:
  • the activation device comprises at least two activation elements capable of producing an elastic deformation for closing / clearing the leakage opening;
  • at least one of the activation elements is made of shape memory material;
  • each of the activation elements for closing / clearing the leakage opening is able to deform individually;
  • the activation elements for closing / clearing the leak opening are able to deform simultaneously;
  • the elastic member is disposed between the leakage opening and the movable member;
  • the stiffness of the activation element is greater than the stiffness of the elastic element;
  • the elastic member is adapted to cooperate with one of the activation elements to close / release the leakage opening to control the flow of ejection fluid;
  • the movable element is slidably mounted in the through conduit, and
  • the movable element is able to close the cross section of the through conduit.

L'invention concerne également un véhicule comprenant un tel gicleur pour éjecter un fluide de refroidissement vers un piston.
Avantageusement, l'invention permet d'ajuster le débit d'un gicleur pour éjecter un fluide de refroidissement sur un piston de manière optimale de sorte qu'il ne pulvérise le fluide de refroidissement qu'à partir de valeurs seuils de pression d'huile de lubrification définies par la géométrie, la thermique piston, et le circuit de lubrification ainsi que par la température du fluide, tel qu'une huile de refroidissement.The invention also relates to a vehicle comprising such a nozzle for ejecting a cooling fluid to a piston.
Advantageously, the invention makes it possible to adjust the flow rate of a nozzle to eject a cooling fluid on a piston optimally so that it only sprays the cooling fluid from threshold values of oil pressure. lubrication defined by the geometry, the thermal piston, and the lubrication circuit as well as by the fluid temperature, such as a cooling oil.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront mieux à la lecture de la description d'un mode de réalisation préféré qui va suivre, en référence aux figures, réalisé à titre d'exemple indicatif et non limitatif :

  • la figure 1 concerne un schéma de principe du fonctionnement du gicleur lorsqu'il est dans un mode fermé selon ce mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 représente un schéma de principe du fonctionnement du gicleur lorsqu'il est dans une première variante d'un mode ouvert selon ce mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 3 correspond à un schéma de principe du fonctionnement du gicleur lorsqu'il est dans une deuxième variante du mode ouvert selon ce mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 4 correspond à un schéma de principe du dispositif d'activation mis en oeuvre aux figures 1, 2 et 3 selon ce mode de réalisation de l'invention, et
  • la figure 5 représente un schéma définissant le débit d'un fluide de refroidissement au niveau d'un orifice de sortie du gicleur en fonction de la pression de ce fluide au niveau d'une ouverture d'admission de ce gicleur, selon ce mode de réalisation de l'invention.
Other advantages and features of the invention will appear better on reading the description of a preferred embodiment which will follow, with reference to the figures, given as an indicative and nonlimiting example:
  • the figure 1 relates to a block diagram of the operation of the nozzle when it is in a closed mode according to this embodiment of the invention;
  • the figure 2 represents a schematic diagram of the operation of the nozzle when it is in a first variant of an open mode according to this embodiment of the invention;
  • the figure 3 corresponds to a schematic diagram of the operation of the nozzle when it is in a second variant of the open mode according to this embodiment of the invention;
  • the figure 4 corresponds to a schematic diagram of the activation device implemented at figures 1 , 2 and 3 according to this embodiment of the invention, and
  • the figure 5 represents a diagram defining the flow rate of a cooling fluid at a nozzle outlet orifice as a function of the pressure of this fluid at an inlet opening of this nozzle, according to this embodiment of the invention. 'invention.

Aux figures 1 à 3, le gicleur 1 pour éjecter un fluide 5 de refroidissement vers au moins un piston comporte un corps 2, un élément mobile 3 et un dispositif d'activation 4.To the Figures 1 to 3 , the nozzle 1 for ejecting a cooling fluid to at least one piston comprises a body 2, a movable element 3 and an activation device 4.

Ce gicleur 1 est destiné à recevoir le fluide 5 de refroidissement par une ouverture d'admission 6. Un tel fluide 5 peut par exemple être une huile de refroidissement.This nozzle 1 is intended to receive the cooling fluid 5 through an inlet opening 6. Such a fluid 5 may for example be a cooling oil.

Le corps 2 du gicleur 1 peut avoir une surface extérieure cylindrique. Il comprend un tronçon principal sensiblement cylindrique de révolution comportant un conduit de passage traversant axial susceptible de guider l'élément mobile 3 dans le corps 2 de ce gicleur 1. Par la suite ce conduit de passage traversant axial sera désigné par l'expression conduit traversant 7.The body 2 of the nozzle 1 may have a cylindrical outer surface. It comprises a substantially cylindrical main section of revolution comprising an axial through passage duct capable of guiding the movable member 3 in the body 2 of the nozzle 1. Thereafter this axial through passage duct will be designated by the expression conduit through 7.

Ce conduit traversant 7 relie une ouverture d'admission 6 à une ouverture de fuite 10. Ce conduit traversant 7 a une section transversale qui peut être configurée dans l'optique de pourvoir définir un débit désiré de fluide 5 de refroidissement à projeter.This through duct 7 connects an inlet opening 6 to a leakage opening 10. This through duct 7 has a cross section which can be configured to provide a desired flow rate of coolant to be sprayed.

Cette ouverture d'admission 6 est disposée à une extrémité axiale de ce conduit traversant 7 et permet au fluide 5 de refroidissement d'accéder au conduit traversant 7.This inlet opening 6 is disposed at an axial end of this through conduit 7 and allows the cooling fluid 5 to access the through conduit 7.

L'ouverture de fuite 10 est située à une autre extrémité axiale de ce conduit traversant 7. Cette ouverture de fuite 10 est disposée de manière préférentielle à l'extrémité opposée de l'ouverture d'admission 6.The leak opening 10 is situated at another axial end of this through duct 7. This leakage opening 10 is preferably arranged at the opposite end of the inlet opening 6.

Cette ouverture de fuite 10 est susceptible de déboucher dans un conduit de retour (non représenté) destiné à ramener le fluide 5 vers un carter de fluide (non représenté).This leakage opening 10 is likely to open into a return duct (not shown) intended to return the fluid 5 to a fluid casing (not shown).

Dans un autre mode de réalisation, cette ouverture de fuite 10 peut être disposée de manière radiale notamment dans le corps 2 du gicleur 1.In another embodiment, this leakage opening 10 may be arranged radially, in particular in the body 2 of the nozzle 1.

Le conduit traversant 7 comporte également au moins un orifice de sortie 8 disposé de manière radiale dans le corps 2 du gicleur 1 entre les deux ouvertures d'admission 6 et de fuite 10. Plusieurs orifices de sortie 8 peuvent être aménagés dans ce corps 2.The through conduit 7 also comprises at least one outlet orifice 8 disposed radially in the body 2 of the nozzle 1 between the two inlet openings 6 and leakage 10. Several outlet orifices 8 can be arranged in this body 2.

Cet orifice de sortie 8 peut comporter un tube 9 de sortie qui est susceptible de former la sortie du gicleur 1, par lequel un jet de fluide 5 de refroidissement peut être projeté vers un piston.This outlet orifice 8 may comprise an outlet tube 9 which is capable of forming the outlet of the nozzle 1, by which a jet of cooling fluid 5 can be projected towards a piston.

Ce tube 9 de sortie peut être cintré et formé de façon appropriée pour diriger le fluide 5 d'une extrémité en aval du tube 9, selon l'écoulement du fluide 5, vers une autre extrémité de ce tube comportant une restriction de section afin d'optimiser les paramètres du jet tels que par exemple la cohérence, la direction, la vitesse ou encore le débit de ce jet de fluide 5 en fonction de la pression.This outlet tube 9 can be bent and suitably formed to direct the fluid 5 from one end downstream of the tube 9, depending on the flow of the fluid 5, to another end of this tube having a section restriction in order to optimize the jet parameters such as, for example, the coherence, the direction, the speed or the flow rate of this fluid jet as a function of the pressure.

On notera que les termes amont et aval définissent des positions relatives selon le sens d'écoulement du fluide 5 de refroidissement.It should be noted that the upstream and downstream terms define relative positions in the direction of flow of the cooling fluid.

Ainsi que nous l'avons vu précédemment, le gicleur 1 comporte également le dispositif d'activation 4 et l'élément mobile 3 qui sont agencés dans le conduit traversant 7.As we have seen previously, the nozzle 1 also comprises the activation device 4 and the mobile element 3 which are arranged in the through conduit 7.

En particulier, l'élément mobile 3 est monté coulissant dans le conduit traversant 7 du gicleur 1 avec un faible jeu fonctionnel.In particular, the movable element 3 is slidably mounted in the through conduit 7 of the nozzle 1 with a small functional clearance.

Cet élément mobile 3 est apte à coopérer avec un élément élastique 13 et le fluide 5 de refroidissement afin de se déplacer par coulissement entre les ouvertures d'admission 6 et de fuite 10 du conduit traversant 7 du gicleur 1.This movable element 3 is able to cooperate with an elastic element 13 and the cooling fluid 5 so as to move by sliding between the inlet and outlet openings 10 of the through conduit 7 of the nozzle 1.

Le déplacement de cet élément mobile 3 dans le conduit traversant 7 est réalisé axialement sous l'effet des forces de rappel F et d'appui F1 respectivement exercées par l'élément élastique 13 et le fluide 5 sur l'élément mobile 3. Ces forces de rappel F et d'appui F1 s'exercent sur cet élément mobile 3 de manière diamétralement opposée l'une à l'autre.The displacement of this movable element 3 in the through conduit 7 is made axially under the effect of the restoring forces F and support F1 respectively exerted by the elastic element 13 and the fluid 5 on the movable element 3. These forces of return F and support F1 are exerted on this movable element 3 diametrically opposite to each other.

Ainsi, cet élément mobile 3 peut alors obturer/dégager l'orifice de sortie 8 pour interdire/autoriser le passage du fluide 5 de refroidissement du conduit traversant 7 vers le tube 9.Thus, this mobile element 3 can then close / release the outlet orifice 8 to prohibit / allow the passage of the cooling fluid 5 from the through conduit 7 to the tube 9.

Cet élément mobile 3 peut correspondre de manière non limitative et non exhaustive à :

  • un piston, ou
  • un piston activé par l'équilibre de pression.
This mobile element 3 may correspond in a nonlimiting and non-exhaustive manner to:
  • a piston, or
  • a piston activated by the pressure balance.

L'élément élastique 13 est apte à maintenir l'élément mobile 3 à une certaine distance de l'ouverture de fuite 10 de telle façon que l'élément mobile 3 obture cet orifice de sortie 8.The elastic element 13 is able to hold the movable element 3 at a certain distance from the leakage opening 10 so that the movable element 3 closes this outlet orifice 8.

Le dispositif d'activation 4 de ce gicleur 1 est agencé entre l'ouverture de fuite 10 et l'orifice de sortie 8. Plus précisément ce dispositif d'activation 4 peut être disposé au niveau de l'ouverture de fuite 10 de sorte à obturer/dégager de manière hermétique cette ouverture de fuite 10. Ce dispositif d'activation 4 constitue alors une paroi amovible du conduit traversant 7.The activation device 4 of this nozzle 1 is arranged between the leakage opening 10 and the outlet orifice 8. More specifically, this activation device 4 can be arranged at the level of the leakage opening 10 so as to closing / releasing this leakage opening 10 hermetically. This activation device 4 then constitutes a removable wall of the through conduit 7.

Ainsi que l'illustre la figure 4, ce dispositif d'activation 4 peut comprendre au moins un élément d'activation 11, 12. Dans le présent mode de réalisation, il en comporte deux : un premier élément d'activation 12 et un deuxième élément d'activation 11.As illustrated by figure 4 this activation device 4 may comprise at least one activation element 11, 12. In the present embodiment, it comprises comprises two: a first activation element 12 and a second activation element 11.

Ces éléments d'activation 11 et 12 sont aptes à réaliser une déformation élastique. Ils peuvent correspondre, comme l'élément élastique 13, à un ressort, en particulier un ressort en hélice, en spirale ou encore à lame.These activation elements 11 and 12 are capable of producing elastic deformation. They may correspond, like the elastic element 13, to a spring, in particular a helical, spiral or blade spring.

Le dispositif d'activation 4 peut comporter des éléments d'activation 11 et 12 correspondant à une combinaison de ces différents types de ressorts.The activation device 4 may comprise activation elements 11 and 12 corresponding to a combination of these different types of springs.

Dans le présent mode de réalisation, le premier élément d'activation 12 peut constituer alors une paroi élastique sous la forme d'un ressort ayant un coefficient de proportionnalité, appelé raideur du ressort et noté kc.In the present embodiment, the first activation element 12 may then constitute an elastic wall in the form of a spring having a coefficient of proportionality, called stiffness of the spring and noted k c .

Ainsi que l'illustre les figures 1, 2 et 3, ce premier élément d'activation 12 peut comprendre un orifice 14 de fuite axiale qui débouche dans un conduit de retour (non représenté) destiné à ramener le fluide 5 vers le carter de fluide.As illustrated by figures 1 , 2 and 3 this first activation element 12 may comprise an axial leakage orifice 14 which opens into a return duct (not shown) intended to bring the fluid 5 back to the fluid casing.

On notera en particulier que la déformation, du premier élément d'activation 12, est susceptible d'être déclenchée lorsque la pression P du fluide 5 de refroidissement est sensiblement supérieure ou égale à une pression PM seuil prédéfinie. Cette pression PM est une pression aux environs de laquelle le premier élément d'activation 12 peut se déformer.It will be noted in particular that the deformation of the first activation element 12 can be triggered when the pressure P of the cooling fluid 5 is substantially greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold pressure P M. This pressure P M is a pressure around which the first activation element 12 can deform.

Le deuxième élément d'activation 11 peut également constituer une paroi élastique en matériau à mémoire de forme ou encore un bilame.The second activation element 11 may also constitute an elastic wall of shape memory material or a bimetallic strip.

Ce deuxième élément d'activation 11 qui peut être en matériau à mémoire de forme a la capacité de garder en mémoire une forme initiale et d'y retourner même après une déformation.This second activation element 11 which may be of shape memory material has the capacity to keep in memory an initial shape and to return to it even after a deformation.

On notera en particulier que la déformation, du deuxième élément d'activation 11 en matériau à mémoire de forme, est susceptible d'être déclenchée lorsque la température T du fluide 5 de refroidissement est sensiblement supérieure ou égale à une température Ts seuil prédéfinie. Cette température Ts est une température aux environs de laquelle le deuxième élément d'activation 11 peut se déformer.It will be noted in particular that the deformation of the second activation element 11 of shape memory material is likely to be triggered when the temperature T of the cooling fluid 5 is substantially greater than or equal to a temperature T s predefined threshold. This temperature T s is a temperature in the vicinity of which the second activation element 11 can deform.

Ce deuxième élément d'activation 11 peut également alterner entre deux formes préalablement mémorisées lorsque sa température varie autour de cette température seuil Ts et peut avoir aussi un comportement superélastique permettant des allongements sans déformation permanente.This second activation element 11 can also alternate between two forms previously stored when its temperature varies around this threshold temperature T s and can also have a superelastic behavior allowing elongations without permanent deformation.

Ce deuxième élément d'activation 11 en matériau à mémoire de forme peut être réalisé en un alliage pouvant comporter du nickel et du titane en proportions sensiblement égales. On notera que ce type d'alliage est plus connu sous le terme « nitinol » ou l'expression « alliages quasi-équiatomiques nickel-titane ».
D'autres alliages comportant du laiton ou encore certains alliages cuivre-aluminium peuvent également être utilisés.This second activation element 11 of shape memory material may be made of an alloy which may comprise nickel and titanium in substantially equal proportions. It will be noted that this type of alloy is better known by the term "nitinol" or the expression "quasi-equiatomic nickel-titanium alloys".
Other alloys comprising brass or some copper-aluminum alloys can also be used.

Ainsi, le dispositif d'actionnement 4 comporte des éléments d'activation 11 et 12 pour obturer/dégager l'ouverture de fuite 10 adaptés à dégager ladite ouverture de fuite 10 sous une condition dans une liste comprenant la température T du fluide 5 supérieure à un seuil de température Ts et la pression P du fluide 5 supérieure à un seuil de pression PM.Thus, the actuating device 4 comprises activation elements 11 and 12 for closing / clearing the leakage opening 10 adapted to clear said leakage opening 10 under a condition in a list comprising the fluid temperature T greater than a temperature threshold T s and the pressure P of the fluid 5 greater than a pressure threshold P M.

Le premier élément d'activation 12 peut être monté mobile en pivotement selon un axe primaire 15 de pivotement orthogonal à l'axe longitudinal du conduit traversant 7 du gicleur 1.The first activating element 12 may be pivotally mounted according to a primary pivoting axis orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the through conduit 7 of the nozzle 1.

Le deuxième élément d'activation 11 peut également être monté mobile en pivotement selon un axe secondaire 16 de pivotement orthogonal à l'axe longitudinal du conduit traversant 7.The second activation element 11 may also be pivotably mounted according to a secondary pivot axis 16 orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the through conduit 7.

L'axe secondaire 16 de pivotement peut être confondu avec l'axe primaire 15 de pivotement ou peut coopérer avec cet axe primaire 15.The secondary axis 16 of pivoting may be coincident with the primary axis 15 of pivoting or may cooperate with this primary axis 15.

Dans le dispositif d'activation 4 illustré aux figures 1, 2 et 3, les éléments d'activation 11 et 12 ne sont pas reliés l'un à l'autre. En effet, le deuxième élément d'activation 11 est monté en appui sur le premier élément d'activation 12. Ainsi lorsque le deuxième élément d'activation 11 subit une déformation le premier élément d'activation 12 ne réalise aucun mouvement.In the activation device 4 illustrated in figures 1 , 2 and 3 the activation elements 11 and 12 are not connected to each other. Indeed, the second activation element 11 is mounted in abutment on the first activation element 12. Thus, when the second activation element 11 undergoes deformation, the first activation element 12 makes no movement.

Ainsi que nous l'avons vu précédemment, ce premier élément d'activation 12 illustré aux figures 1, 2 et 3 peut comprendre un orifice 14 de fuite axiale qui est susceptible d'être obturé par le deuxième élément d'activation 11 lorsque le deuxième élément d'activation 11 est disposé en appui sur ce premier élément d'activation 12.As we have seen previously, this first activation element 12 illustrated in FIGS. figures 1 , 2 and 3 may comprise an axial leakage orifice 14 which is capable of being closed by the second activation element 11 when the second activation element 11 is placed in abutment on this first activation element 12.

On remarquera alors qu'en coopérant avec le premier élément d'activation 12, ce deuxième élément d'activation 11 peut obturer/dégager cet orifice 14 de fuite.It will then be noted that by cooperating with the first activation element 12, this second activation element 11 can close off / clear this leakage orifice 14.

On comprend donc que chacun de ces éléments d'activation 11 et 12 permettant d'obturer/dégager l'ouverture de fuite 10 ou l'orifice 14 de fuite est apte à se déformer de façon individuelle ou simultanée.It is therefore understood that each of these activation elements 11 and 12 for closing / clearing the leakage opening 10 or the leakage orifice 14 is able to deform individually or simultaneously.

Dans le présent mode de réalisation, l'élément élastique 13 peut correspondre à un ressort hélicoïdal avec une raideur k0.
Dans ce mode de réalisation, la raideur kc de l'élément d'activation 12 est supérieure à la raideur k0 de l'élément élastique 13.In the present embodiment, the elastic element 13 may correspond to a helical spring with a stiffness k 0 .
In this embodiment, the stiffness k c of the activation element 12 is greater than the stiffness k 0 of the elastic element 13.

Cet élément élastique 13 a une extrémité qui est en appui par exemple sur un élément de paroi du conduit traversant 7 et une autre extrémité coopérant avec l'élément mobile 13.This elastic element 13 has an end which is supported for example on a wall element of the through conduit 7 and another end cooperating with the movable element 13.

Cet élément de paroi du conduit traversant 7 peut être une saillie annulaire (non représentée) disposée à proximité et en amont de l'ouverture de fuite 10 et en aval de l'orifice de sortie 8. A titre d'exemple, la saillie annulaire peut être localisée entre environ 1 à 3mm de l'ouverture de fuite 10 et de préférence à 2mm.This wall element of the through duct 7 may be an annular projection (not shown) disposed near and upstream of the leakage opening 10 and downstream of the outlet orifice 8. By way of example, the annular projection can be located between about 1 to 3mm of the leakage opening 10 and preferably 2mm.

Cet élément élastique 13 est apte à coopérer avec l'un des éléments d'activation 11, 12 pour obturer/dégager l'ouverture de fuite 10 ou l'orifice 1 de fuite afin de contrôler le débit de fluide d'éjection.This elastic element 13 is able to cooperate with one of the activation elements 11, 12 to close off / clear the leakage opening 10 or the leakage orifice 1 in order to control the flow of ejection fluid.

Ce gicleur 1 peut fonctionner selon deux modes :

  • un mode fermé l'illustré aux figures 1, et
  • un mode ouvert représenté aux figures 2 à 3.
This nozzle 1 can operate in two modes:
  • a closed mode illustrated at figures 1 , and
  • an open mode represented at Figures 2 to 3 .

A la figure 1 lorsque le gicleur 1 est en mode fermé, le fluide 5 de refroidissement n'est pas éjecté vers le piston.To the figure 1 when the nozzle 1 is in closed mode, the cooling fluid is not ejected towards the piston.

En effet, l'élément mobile 3 est positionné au niveau de l'orifice de sortie 8 de sorte à l'obturer en étant poussé par l'élément élastique 13 vers l'ouverture d'admission 6.
Cet élément mobile 3 est également susceptible d'obturer la section transversale du conduit traversant 7.Indeed, the movable element 3 is positioned at the outlet orifice 8 so as to seal it by being pushed by the elastic element 13 towards the inlet opening 6.
This movable element 3 is also likely to close the cross section of the through conduit 7.

Ainsi, le fluide 5 de refroidissement ne peut alors pas circuler entre l'ouverture d'admission 6 et le tube 9 en traversant l'orifice de sortie 8.Thus, the cooling fluid 5 can not then circulate between the inlet opening 6 and the tube 9 while passing through the outlet orifice 8.

Dans ce mode fermé du gicleur 1, le fluide 5 de refroidissement peut accéder à la partie du conduit traversant 7 définissant un espace compris sensiblement entre l'ouverture de fuite 10 et l'élément mobile 3.
Plus précisément, ce fluide 5 peut circuler dans le conduit traversant 7 entre les contours de l'élément mobile 3 et la paroi interne 17 de ce conduit traversant 7 afin de se répandre dans cet espace.In this closed mode of the nozzle 1, the cooling fluid 5 can access the portion of the through duct 7 defining a space substantially between the leakage opening 10 and the mobile element 3.
More specifically, this fluid 5 can flow in the through conduit 7 between the contours of the movable member 3 and the inner wall 17 of this through conduit 7 to spread in this space.

Ce fluide 5 de refroidissement provenant de l'ouverture d'admission 6 et qui est présent notamment dans cet espace du conduit de passage 7 a :

  • une température T qui est inférieure à la température seuil Ts de déclenchement du deuxième élément d'activation 11 du dispositif d'activation 4, et
  • une pression P qui est inférieure à la pression PM de déclenchement du premier élément d'activation 12 du dispositif d'activation 4.
This cooling fluid 5 originating from the inlet opening 6 and which is present in particular in this space of the passage duct 7 a:
  • a temperature T which is lower than the threshold temperature T s of triggering of the second activation element 11 of the activation device 4, and
  • a pressure P which is lower than the triggering pressure P M of the first activation element 12 of the activation device 4.

Ainsi les premier et deuxième éléments d'activation 12 et 11 sont alors inertes.Thus the first and second activation elements 12 and 11 are then inert.

Dans ce mode fermé de fonctionnement du gicleur 1, les forces d'appui F1 et de rappel F s'exerçant sur l'élément mobile 3 sont alors sensiblement égales. Ainsi l'élément mobile 3 n'est pas incité à coulisser dans le conduit de passage 7.In this closed mode of operation of the nozzle 1, the support F1 and return forces F acting on the movable member 3 are then substantially equal. Thus the movable element 3 is not encouraged to slide in the passage duct 7.

Aux figures 2 et 3 lorsque le gicleur 1 est en mode ouvert, le fluide 5 de refroidissement peut être éjecté en direction d'au moins un piston.To the Figures 2 and 3 when the nozzle 1 is in open mode, the cooling fluid can be ejected towards at least one piston.

Pour ce faire, le dispositif d'activation 4 est apte en fonction de la température T et/ou de la pression P du fluide 5 de refroidissement à provoquer le passage du gicleur 1 du mode fermé vers le mode ouvert en déclenchant le coulissement de l'élément mobile 3 dans le conduit traversant 7.To do this, the activation device 4 is adapted as a function of the temperature T and / or the pressure P of the cooling fluid 5 to cause the passage of the nozzle 1 from the closed mode to the open mode by triggering the sliding of the movable element 3 in the through conduit 7.

Ainsi que nous l'avons vu précédemment, le fluide 5 de refroidissement est apte à pénétrer dans le conduit traversant 7 par l'ouverture d'admission 6 jusqu'au dispositif d'activation 4 en circulant dans le conduit traversant 7 entre les contours de l'élément mobile 3 et la paroi interne 17 de ce conduit traversant 7 afin de se répandre dans la partie du conduit traversant 7 définissant un espace compris sensiblement entre l'ouverture de fuite 10 et l'élément mobile 3.As we have seen previously, the cooling fluid 5 is able to enter the through conduit 7 through the inlet opening 6 up to the activation device 4 circulating in the through conduit 7 between the contours of the movable member 3 and the inner wall 17 of the through conduit 7 to spread in the portion of the through conduit 7 defining a space substantially between the leak aperture 10 and the movable member 3.

Ce mode ouvert comporte deux variantes d'ouverture du gicleur 1. Une première variante illustrée a la figure 2 et une deuxième variante représentée à la figure 3.This open mode has two variants of nozzle opening 1. A first variant shown in FIG. figure 2 and a second variant shown in figure 3 .

En effet, dans la première variante de ce mode d'ouverture illustrée à la figure 2 lorsque la pression P de ce fluide 5, exercée sur le dispositif d'activation 4, est sensiblement supérieure ou égale à la pression PM seuil, le premier élément d'activation 12 subit une déformation élastique qui déclenche un mouvement de rotation de ce premier élément d'activation 12 autour de l'axe secondaire 16.Indeed, in the first variant of this mode of opening illustrated in the figure 2 when the pressure P of this fluid 5, exerted on the activation device 4, is substantially greater than or equal to the pressure P M threshold, the first activation element 12 undergoes an elastic deformation which triggers a rotational movement of this first activation element 12 around the secondary axis 16.

Dans le dispositif d'activation 4 illustré à la figure 2 le deuxième élément d'activation 11 est monté en appui sur le premier élément d'activation 12. Ainsi, lorsque le premier élément d'activation 12 subit une déformation, il entraîne également le deuxième élément d'activation 11 dans un mouvement de même sens et/ou de même direction.In the activation device 4 illustrated in FIG. figure 2 the second activation element 11 is mounted in abutment on the first activation element 12. Thus, when the first activation element 12 undergoes a deformation, it also drives the second activation element 11 in a movement of the same direction and / or the same direction.

Ainsi le dispositif d'activation 4 compris dans le gicleur 1 illustré à la figure 2 effectue alors un mouvement de rotation qui dégage alors l'ouverture de fuite 10.Thus the activation device 4 included in the nozzle 1 illustrated in FIG. figure 2 then performs a rotational movement which then releases the leakage aperture 10.

Dans la deuxième variante de ce mode d'ouverture illustrée à la figure 3, lorsque la température T de ce fluide 5, en contact avec le dispositif d'activation 4, est sensiblement supérieure ou égale à la température Ts seuil, le deuxième élément d'activation 11 subit une déformation élastique qui déclenche un mouvement de rotation de ce deuxième élément d'activation 11 autour de l'axe primaire 15.In the second variant of this mode of opening illustrated in figure 3 when the temperature T of this fluid 5, in contact with the activation device 4, is substantially greater than or equal to the temperature T s threshold, the second activation element 11 undergoes an elastic deformation which triggers a rotational movement of this second activation element 11 around the primary axis 15.

Dans le dispositif d'activation 4 illustré à la figure 3 le deuxième élément d'activation 11 est monté en appui sur le premier élément d'activation 12. Ainsi, lorsque le deuxième élément d'activation 11 subit une déformation le premier élément d'activation 12 ne réalise aucun mouvement.
Cet élément d'activation 11 effectue alors un mouvement de rotation permettant de le détacher du premier élément d'activation 12 et donc de dégager l'orifice 14 de fuite du premier élément d'activation 12.
Dans les deux variantes de ce mode ouvert du gicleur 1 illustrées aux figures 2 et 3, le dégagement de l'ouverture de fuite 10 ou de l'orifice 14 de fuite engendre une chute de la pression P du fluide 5 dans l'espace compris sensiblement entre l'ouverture de fuite 10 ou de l'orifice 14 et l'élément mobile 3. Cette pression P du fluide 5 chute jusqu'à atteindre la pression du fluide 5 dans l'enceinte du carter de fluide.In the activation device 4 illustrated in FIG. figure 3 the second activation element 11 is mounted in abutment on the first activation element 12. Thus, when the second activation element 11 undergoes deformation, the first activation element 12 makes no movement.
This activation element 11 then makes a rotational movement allowing it to be detached from the first activation element 12 and thus to release the leakage orifice 14 from the first activation element 12.
In both variants of this open mode of nozzle 1 illustrated in FIGS. Figures 2 and 3 , the clearance of the leakage opening 10 or the leakage orifice 14 causes the pressure P of the fluid 5 to drop in the space substantially between the leakage opening 10 or the orifice 14 and the movable element 3. This pressure P of the fluid 5 drops until the pressure of the fluid 5 in the chamber of the fluid casing.

Ainsi que nous l'avons vu précédemment, l'ouverture de fuite 10 ou de l'orifice 14 de fuite débouche chacun dans un conduit de retour destiné à ramener le fluide vers un carter de fluide.As we have seen previously, the leak opening 10 or the leakage orifice 14 each opens into a return duct intended to return the fluid to a fluid casing.

On notera que la pression en aval de ladite ouverture de fuite 10 ou de l'orifice 14 de fuite correspond sensiblement à la pression à l'intérieur du carter de fluide, laquelle étant proche de la pression atmosphérique.It will be noted that the pressure downstream of said leakage opening 10 or of the leakage orifice 14 corresponds substantially to the pressure inside the fluid casing, which is close to atmospheric pressure.

Plus précisément dans la première variante, la différence de pression entre la pression PM de fluide au niveau de l'ouverture d'admission 6 et la pression au niveau de l'ouverture de fuite 10 entraîne donc une force d'appui F1 sur l'élément mobile 3 tendant à le pousser vers l'ouverture de fuite 10.More precisely in the first variant, the pressure difference between the pressure P M of fluid at the inlet opening 6 and the pressure at the leakage opening 10 thus causes a bearing force F1 on the movable member 3 tending to push it towards the leakage aperture 10.

La force de rappel F de l'élément élastique 13 étant inférieure à ladite force de d'appui F1 due à la pression PM du fluide au niveau de l'ouverture d'admission 6, l'élément mobile 3 est alors entrainé à coulisser pour dégager l'orifice de sortie 8.The restoring force F of the elastic element 13 being lower than said pressing force F1 due to the pressure P M of the fluid at the intake opening 6, the mobile element 3 is then driven to slide to clear the outlet orifice 8.

Dans la deuxième variante, l'élément mobile 3 est alors poussé d'un côté par une force d'appui F1 due à la pression Pm du fluide au niveau de l'ouverture d'admission 6 et de l'autre côté par la force de rappel F de l'élément élastique 13. Si la pression Pm du fluide est suffisamment élevée pour entraîner une force d'appui F1 sur l'élément mobile 3 supérieure à la force de rappel F, la différence entre les deux forces opposés entraîne le coulissement de l'élément mobile 3 selon l'axe du conduit traversant 7 pour dégager l'orifice de sortie 8.In the second variant, the mobile element 3 is then pushed on one side by a bearing force F1 due to the pressure P m of the fluid at the inlet opening 6 and on the other side by the restoring force F of the elastic element 13. If the pressure P m of the fluid is sufficiently high to cause a bearing force F1 on the movable element 3 greater than the restoring force F, the difference between the two opposing forces causes sliding of the movable element 3 along the axis of the through conduit 7 to clear the outlet orifice 8.

On notera que cette pression Pm du fluide est inférieure à la pression PM.It will be noted that this pressure P m of the fluid is lower than the pressure P M.

Ainsi dans ces deux variantes, la force F de rappel étant inférieure à ladite force d'appui F1, l'élément mobile 3 est alors entrainé à coulisser selon l'axe longitudinale du conduit traversant 7 pour dégager l'orifice de sortie 8.Thus in these two variants, the return force F being lower than said bearing force F1, the movable element 3 is then driven to slide along the longitudinal axis of the through conduit 7 to clear the outlet orifice 8.

L'application de ces forces de rappel F et d'appui F1 est réalisée sur des surfaces opposées de l'élément mobile 3. Ces forces sont exercées pour l'une par l'élément élastique 13 et pour l'autre par le fluide 5 de refroidissement.The application of these restoring forces F and support F1 is carried out on opposite surfaces of the movable element 3. These forces are exerted for one by the elastic element 13 and for the other by the fluid 5 cooling.

L'élément mobile 3 n'obturant plus l'orifice de sortie 8, le fluide 5 de refroidissement peut alors s'écouler depuis l'ouverture d'admission 6 jusqu'à l'orifice de sortie 8 via une partie du conduit traversant 7, vers le tube 9 de sortie.Since the movable element 3 no longer closes the outlet orifice 8, the cooling fluid 5 can then flow from the inlet opening 6 to the outlet orifice 8 via a portion of the through conduit 7. to the outlet tube 9.

En référence à la courbe A de la figure 5, on remarquera que dans la première variante l'élément mobile 3 est poussé rapidement vers l'ouverture de fuite 10 et le débit du fluide au niveau de l'orifice de sortie 8 augmente alors rapidement jusqu'à atteindre le débit maximum lorsque l'orifice de sortie 8 est entièrement dégagée.With reference to curve A of the figure 5 it will be noted that in the first variant the mobile element 3 is pushed rapidly towards the leakage opening 10 and the flow rate of the fluid at the outlet orifice 8 then increases rapidly until reaching the maximum flow rate when the outlet port 8 is completely clear.

Dans la deuxième variante, ainsi que l'illustre la courbe B à la figure 5, l'élément mobile 3 est poussé moins rapidement vers l'ouverture de fuite 10 que dans la première variante. Il en est de même pour le débit du fluide au niveau de l'orifice de sortie 8 qui augmente également moins rapidement que dans cette première variante.In the second variant, as shown in curve B at figure 5 the movable element 3 is pushed less rapidly towards the leakage opening 10 than in the first variant. It is the same for the flow rate of the fluid at the outlet orifice 8 which also increases less rapidly than in this first variant.

Ainsi que l'illustrent les courbes A et B de la figure 5, dans les deux variantes, le débit du fluide 5 de refroidissement au niveau de l'orifice de sortie 8 varie progressivement en fonction des pressions Pm et PM du fluide 5 au niveau de l'ouverture d'admission 6.As illustrated by curves A and B of the figure 5 in both variants, the flow rate of the cooling fluid 5 at the outlet orifice 8 varies progressively as a function of the pressures P m and P M of the fluid 5 at the inlet opening 6.

De plus, lorsque l'élément mobile 3 est poussé de façon à dégager complètement l'orifice de sortie 8, le débit de fluide ne peut plus augmenter comme l'illustre chacune des courbes A et B de la figure 5.In addition, when the movable member 3 is pushed so as to completely disengage the outlet orifice 8, the fluid flow rate can not increase any more, as illustrated by each of the curves A and B of FIG. figure 5 .

Ce fluide 5 de refroidissement circulant entre l'ouverture d'admission 6 et l'orifice de sortie 8 est alors éjectée vers le piston (non représentés).This cooling fluid 5 flowing between the inlet opening 6 and the outlet orifice 8 is then ejected towards the piston (not shown).

On notera que dans un mode de réalisation où le gicleur 1 comporte plusieurs orifices 8 de sortie, il est alors apte à refroidir plusieurs pistons simultanément à partir de plusieurs tubes 9 de sortie.Note that in an embodiment where the nozzle 1 has several orifices 8 output, it is then able to cool several pistons simultaneously from several tubes 9 output.

Ainsi ce gicleur 1 de refroidissement est alors apte à distribuer à au moins un piston le fluide 5 de refroidissement provenant de l'ouverture d'admission 6 par au moins un de ses orifices 8 de sortie.Thus, this cooling nozzle 1 is then able to dispense the cooling fluid from the inlet opening 6 through at least one of its outlet orifices 8 to at least one piston.

L'utilisation d'un tel gicleur permet de limiter les pertes de puissance du moteur thermique, ce qui a un impact direct sur les consommations et les émissions de gaz d'un tel moteur.The use of such a nozzle makes it possible to limit the power losses of the heat engine, which has a direct impact on the consumptions and the gas emissions of such an engine.

La présente invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation qui ont été explicitement décrits, mais elle en inclut les diverses variantes et généralisations contenues dans le domaine des revendications ci-après.The present invention is not limited to the embodiments which have been explicitly described, but it includes the various variants and generalizations thereof within the scope of the claims below.

Claims (11)

Gicleur (1) pour éjecter un fluide de refroidissement vers un piston comprenant : - un conduit traversant (7) dans lequel un élément mobile (3) est susceptible de coulisser pour obturer/dégager un orifice de sortie (8), et présentant une ouverture d'admission (6) et une ouverture de fuite (10) connectée à un carter de fluide, - un dispositif d'actionnement (4) agencé entre l'ouverture de fuite (10), et l'orifice de sortie (8), caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'actionnement (4) comporte des éléments d'activation (11,12) pour obturer/dégager l'ouverture de fuite (10) adaptés à dégager ladite ouverture de fuite (10) sous une condition dans une liste comprenant la température (T) du fluide (5) supérieure à un seuil de température (Ts) et la pression (P) du fluide (5) supérieure à un seuil de pression (PM).Nozzle (1) for ejecting a cooling fluid to a piston comprising: - a through duct (7) in which a movable member (3) is slidable to close / release an outlet (8), and having an inlet opening (6) and a leakage opening (10) connected to a fluid casing, an actuating device (4) arranged between the leakage opening (10) and the outlet orifice (8), characterized in that the actuating device (4) has activating elements (11,12) for closing / disengaging the leakage opening (10) adapted to disengage said leakage opening (10) under a condition in a list comprising the temperature (T) of the fluid (5) greater than a temperature threshold (T s ) and the pressure (P) of the fluid (5) greater than a pressure threshold (P M ). Gicleur (1) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'activation (4) comporte au moins deux éléments d'activation (11, 12) susceptibles de réaliser une déformation élastique visant à obturer/dégager l'ouverture de fuite (10).Nozzle (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the activation device (4) comprises at least two activation elements (11, 12) capable of producing an elastic deformation intended to seal / clear the leakage aperture (10). Gicleur (1) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un des éléments d'activation (11) est réalisé en matériau à mémoire de forme.Nozzle (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that at least one of the activation elements (11) is made of shape memory material. Gicleur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que chacun des éléments d'activation (11, 12) permettant d'obturer/dégager l'ouverture de fuite (10) est apte à se déformer de façon individuelle.Nozzle (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that each of the activation elements (11, 12) for closing / clearing the leakage aperture (10) is adapted to deform from individual way. Gicleur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les éléments d'activation (11, 12) permettant d'obturer/dégager l'ouverture de fuite (10) sont aptes à se déformer simultanément.Nozzle (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the activation elements (11, 12) for closing / clearing the leakage opening (10) are able to deform simultaneously. Gicleur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'élément élastique (13) est disposé entre l'ouverture de fuite (10) et l'élément mobile (3).Nozzle (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the elastic element (13) is disposed between the leakage opening (10) and the movable element (3). Gicleur (1) selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la raideur (kc) de l'élément d'activation (12) est supérieure à la raideur (k0) de l'élément élastique (13).Nozzle (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the stiffness (k c ) of the activation element (12) is greater than the stiffness (k 0 ) of the elastic element (13). Gicleur (1) selon l'une des revendications 2 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'élément élastique (13) est apte à coopérer avec l'un des éléments d'activation (11, 12) pour obturer/dégager l'ouverture de fuite (10) afin de contrôler le débit de fluide d'éjection.Nozzle (1) according to one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the elastic element (13) is adapted to cooperate with one of the activation elements (11, 12) to close / release the opening leakage device (10) to control the flow of ejection fluid. Gicleur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément mobile (3) est monté coulissant dans le conduit traversant (7).Nozzle (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the movable element (3) is slidably mounted in the through conduit (7). Gicleur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément mobile (3) est apte à obturer la section transversale du conduit traversant (7).Nozzle (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the movable element (3) is able to close the cross section of the through conduit (7). Véhicule comprenant un gicleur (1) pour éjecter un fluide de refroidissement vers un piston selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10.Vehicle comprising a nozzle (1) for ejecting a cooling fluid to a piston according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
EP14305846.9A 2013-06-20 2014-06-04 Spray nozzle for ejecting a cooling fluid towards a piston Active EP2816206B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1355829A FR3007455B1 (en) 2013-06-20 2013-06-20 SPRAY FOR EJECTING A COOLING FLUID TO A PISTON

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EP2816206A1 true EP2816206A1 (en) 2014-12-24
EP2816206B1 EP2816206B1 (en) 2017-03-22

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FR (1) FR3007455B1 (en)

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WO2017054970A1 (en) * 2015-10-02 2017-04-06 Kendrion (Markdorf) Gmbh Cooling circuit arrangement and method for cooling an engine
FR3048452A1 (en) * 2016-03-07 2017-09-08 Renault Sas COOLING JET OF PISTON
WO2017174058A1 (en) * 2016-04-07 2017-10-12 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Device for cooling a piston of an internal combustion engine

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DE3537147A1 (en) * 1985-10-18 1987-04-23 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Piston cooling for an internal combustion engine
EP0346264A2 (en) * 1988-06-07 1989-12-13 Stanadyne Automotive Corp. Spray nozzle assembly for piston cooling
JPH07317519A (en) * 1994-05-20 1995-12-05 Unisia Jecs Corp Lubricating/cooling device for internal combustion engine
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DE102015215774A1 (en) * 2015-08-19 2017-02-23 Mahle International Gmbh Pressure and temperature controlled valve in an oil circuit of an internal combustion engine
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3007455B1 (en) 2016-12-30
EP2816206B1 (en) 2017-03-22
FR3007455A1 (en) 2014-12-26

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