EP2815083A1 - Component for a thermal machine, in particular a gas turbine - Google Patents

Component for a thermal machine, in particular a gas turbine

Info

Publication number
EP2815083A1
EP2815083A1 EP13704137.2A EP13704137A EP2815083A1 EP 2815083 A1 EP2815083 A1 EP 2815083A1 EP 13704137 A EP13704137 A EP 13704137A EP 2815083 A1 EP2815083 A1 EP 2815083A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component according
cooling
edge
corner
component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13704137.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2815083B1 (en
Inventor
Herbert Brandl
Joerg Krueckels
Felix Reinert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ansaldo Energia IP UK Ltd
Original Assignee
Alstom Technology AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Technology AG filed Critical Alstom Technology AG
Publication of EP2815083A1 publication Critical patent/EP2815083A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2815083B1 publication Critical patent/EP2815083B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
    • F01D5/08—Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means
    • F01D5/081—Cooling fluid being directed on the side of the rotor disc or at the roots of the blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
    • F01D25/12—Cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
    • F01D5/08—Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means
    • F01D5/085—Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means cooling fluid circulating inside the rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/14—Form or construction
    • F01D5/18—Hollow blades, i.e. blades with cooling or heating channels or cavities; Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means on blades
    • F01D5/186—Film cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/14—Form or construction
    • F01D5/18—Hollow blades, i.e. blades with cooling or heating channels or cavities; Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means on blades
    • F01D5/187—Convection cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/10—Manufacture by removing material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/80—Platforms for stationary or moving blades
    • F05D2240/81—Cooled platforms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05D2260/208—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling using heat pipes

Definitions

  • thermal machines in particular gas turbines
  • components that on the one hand have design-related corners and edges and on the other hand are exposed at these points during operation of a high thermal load.
  • An example of such a component is a composite of several parts blade of a gas turbine, as shown for example in the Document EP 2 189 626 A1 is disclosed. Figures 1 and 2 of this document are reproduced as Fig. 1 in the present application.
  • a platform member 10 and an airfoil member 20 are assembled into a blade and connected together.
  • the platform element 10 has in the top 1 1 a
  • the distance to the surface is comparatively large, which leads to higher temperatures in the corner region 24; and b) in a cast channel, the inner diameter is comparatively large, which leads to a higher consumption of cooling air.
  • JP 2010144656 or US Pat. No. 7,597,536 B1 to reduce the impact of the edge with hot gas, for example by flushing with cooling air is provided.
  • the disadvantage here is that a significant amount of purge air is needed to keep the temperature of the blended hot gas low. Especially with larger columns, the required purge air volume increases significantly. If the gap width changes during operation in a way that does not correspond to the designed purge air, this type of cooling loses its effect. In the worst case, the purge air can flow directly into the main flow when the flow conditions change during operation. From these
  • the object is solved by the entirety of the features of claim 1.
  • the inventive component which is provided for a thermal machine, in particular a gas turbine, and a thermally highly loaded corner or
  • Has edge characterized in that for cooling the corner or
  • Edge in the immediate vicinity of the corner or edge at least one of the
  • An embodiment of the component according to the invention is characterized in that the corner or edge extends along a predetermined line, and that the at least one cooling channel over a predetermined distance in
  • Another embodiment is characterized in that in the immediate vicinity of the corner or edge a plurality of parallel, sunk recessed
  • Cooling channels are arranged.
  • a further embodiment is characterized in that the cooling channels each comprise a cooling tube introduced into a groove.
  • cooling tube is in each case embedded in a filler filling the channel and thereby thermally coupled to the surrounding material of the component.
  • Another embodiment is characterized in that the channel is closed with the introduced cooling tube to the surface to be cooled.
  • a welded cover layer is provided for closing the channel.
  • a further embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the cooling channel has a distance of its central axis from the surface to be cooled in the range of 1 mm.
  • the cooling channel has a
  • Cooling channel has an outlet on the side of the surface to be cooled and an inlet on the opposite side.
  • the component is equipped with a thermal barrier coating. This is especially for highly thermally stressed components, such as those in a gas turbine, in question.
  • the component is a blade of a
  • the blade is composed of separate components, wherein the corner or edge to be cooled is formed at a transition between the separate components.
  • the corner or edge can be bounded on one side by a gap flooded by the hot gas.
  • Fig. 1 is a known from EP 2 189 626 A1
  • FIG. 6 in longitudinal section (A) and cross-section (B) an exemplary
  • Cooling channel configuration for the corner cooling according to
  • Figure 7 is a plan view from above of a platform of a built-up blade with a circumferential cooling channel according to the invention. and Fig. 8 corner cooling channels according to the invention at the outer corners or edges of the platform element of FIG. 1st
  • a technology of the surface near recessed cooling channels for cooling of thermally highly loaded corners or edges of gas turbine components, such as blades, vanes or heat shields used.
  • gas turbine components such as blades, vanes or heat shields
  • a cooling channel 25 with a small inner diameter running parallel to the edge 22 is now provided directly below the surface in the edge region in order to cool the corner region 24 effectively and with a reduced use of coolant, as a rule cooling air.
  • the inlet 30 and the outlet 29 of the cooling channel 25 are indicated by dashed lines in Fig. 3.
  • the cooling channel 25 starts (with the inlet 30) from a plenum filled with cooling air, then runs parallel to the edge 22 to be cooled and then discharges the heated air into the gap 23 via the outlet 29.
  • the outlet 29 can also lead to the surface to discharge the heated air directly into the hot gas stream and on the surface a
  • two parallel cooling channels 25a and 25b can be provided according to FIG. 4, corresponding to the plenum and the hot gas channel are connected. If this too is not sufficient, more than two cooling channels 25a, 25c and 25d can run parallel to the edge 22 according to FIG.
  • Fig. 6 (A) shows the longitudinal section through an exemplary arrangement
  • Fig. 6 (B) shows the cross section in the plane BB:
  • a suitable method eg Senkerod Schlieren
  • a suitably shaped tool a groove 41 introduced into the wall of the component, which runs at one end with a bend 31 a obliquely upward (outlet 29) and at the other end after a bend 31st b has a passage to the bottom (inlet 30).
  • a suitable method eg Senkerodieren
  • cooling tube 31 dimensioned and formed cooling tube 31 and thermally coupled to the surrounding material of the component 26 via a filler 32 (e.g., braze or the like).
  • the arrangement thus formed can then be closed by applying a cover layer 33 by welding. It forms a near-surface cooling channel 27, which is flowed through during operation by the cooling medium 28, for example cooling air.
  • the cooling channel 27 produced in this way has a distance between the central axis surface in the range of 1 mm and an inner diameter in the region of approximately 1 mm. Its length is generally in a range of 10mm to 100mm, preferably 20mm to 40mm. With edge lengths beyond this, a plurality of cooling channels 27 are arranged in succession, as shown by way of example in FIGS. 7 and 8. Successive
  • Cooling channels 27 may differ in length from each other, for example, to take account of different thermal stresses or design constraints. You can be traversed in the interest of optimal cooling effect in the same or in the opposite direction of the cooling medium. The same applies to parallel cooling channels.
  • a platform element 34 according to FIG. 7 which has a through opening 36 on the upper side 35 which is bounded by a curved curve which resembles a blade profile, then the at least one cooling channel 37 must be tracked according to the invention of this curved curve.
  • a number of consecutively arranged cooling channels 37 which may also be curved, follows the curve contour. The concrete length of the individual channels 37 depends
  • cooling air ducts according to the invention can also be used on the outer edges, as is indicated in FIG. 8 for the cooling channels 38 and 39.
  • cooling medium e.g. air
  • filler material e.g., solder

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a component for a thermal machine, in particular a gas turbine, said component having a corner and/or edge (22) subjected to a thermally high load. The cooling of the component is improved in a manner such that at least one cooling channel (25) is countersunk into the surface of the component in the immediate vicinity of the corner and/or edge (22) in order to cool the corner and/or edge (22).

Description

BAUTEIL FÜR EINE THERMISCHE MASCHINE, INSBESONDERE EINE  COMPONENT FOR A THERMAL MACHINE, PARTICULARLY ONE
GASTURBINE  GAS TURBINE
TECHNISCHES GEBIET TECHNICAL AREA
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf das Gebiet der thermischen The present invention relates to the field of thermal
Maschinen. Sie betrifft ein Bauteil für eine thermische Maschine, insbesondere für eine Gasturbine, gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 . Machinery. It relates to a component for a thermal machine, in particular for a gas turbine, according to the preamble of claim 1.
STAND DER TECHNIK STATE OF THE ART
Bei thermischen Maschinen, insbesondere Gasturbinen, gibt es verschiedene Bauteile, die einerseits konstruktionsbedingt Ecken und Kanten aufweisen und andererseits an diesen Stellen im Betrieb einer hohen thermischen Belastung ausgesetzt sind. Ein Beispiel für ein solches Bauteil ist eine aus mehreren Teilen zusammengesetzte Laufschaufel einer Gasturbine, wie sie beispielsweise in der Druckschrift EP 2 189 626 A1 offenbart ist. Die Figuren 1 und 2 dieser Druckschrift sind als Fig. 1 in der vorliegenden Anmeldung wiedergegeben. In thermal machines, in particular gas turbines, there are various components that on the one hand have design-related corners and edges and on the other hand are exposed at these points during operation of a high thermal load. An example of such a component is a composite of several parts blade of a gas turbine, as shown for example in the Document EP 2 189 626 A1 is disclosed. Figures 1 and 2 of this document are reproduced as Fig. 1 in the present application.
Die in Fig. 1 gezeigten Teile, ein Plattform-Element 10 und ein Schaufelblatt- Element 20, werden zu einer Laufschaufel zusammengesetzt und miteinander verbunden. Das Plattform-Element 10 hat in der Oberseite 1 1 eine The parts shown in Figure 1, a platform member 10 and an airfoil member 20, are assembled into a blade and connected together. The platform element 10 has in the top 1 1 a
Durchgangsöffnung 12, durch die das Schaufelblatt-Element 20 mit dem in einer Schaufelspitze 18 endenden Schaufelblatt 17 gesteckt werden kann. Zur Through opening 12 through which the airfoil element 20 can be inserted with the end in a blade tip 18 blade 17. to
Befestigung der zusammengesetzten Schaufel dienen Beine 13, 14 mit Attachment of the composite scoop serve legs 13, 14 with
angeformten Haken 15, 16 auf der Unterseite des Plattform-Elementes 10 sowie ein Schaufelfuss 21 am Schaufelblatt-Element 20, der mit dem Schaufelblatt 17 über einen Schaft 19 verbunden ist. formed hooks 15, 16 on the underside of the platform element 10 and a blade root 21 on the airfoil element 20, which is connected to the blade 17 via a shaft 19.
Im zusammengebauten Zustand ergibt sich ein Übergang zwischen Schaufelblatt 17 und Oberseite 1 1 des Plattform-Elements 10, der in Fig. 2 im Schnitt In the assembled state, there is a transition between the airfoil 17 and top 1 1 of the platform element 10, in Fig. 2 in section
vergrössert dargestellt ist. Durch einen zwischen den Teilen 17 und 1 1 gebildeten Spalt 23, der vom das Schaufelblatt 17 umströmenden Heissgas beaufschlagt ist, entsteht eine Kante 22 mit einem Eckbereich 24, der thermisch hoch belastet ist. Bisher wurde diese (in Fig. 2 senkrecht zur Zeichenebene verlaufende) Kante 22 dadurch gekühlt, dass parallel zur Kante 22 ein gegossener Kühlkanal vorgesehen wurde. Ein solcher Kühlkanal ist jedoch nicht sehr effizient, weil is shown enlarged. By a formed between the parts 17 and 1 1 gap 23, which is acted upon by the hot air flowing around the blade 17, an edge 22 is formed with a corner region 24 which is thermally highly loaded. Until now, this edge 22 (which runs perpendicular to the plane of the drawing in FIG. 2) was cooled by providing a cast cooling channel parallel to the edge 22. However, such a cooling channel is not very efficient because
a) bei einem gegossenen Kanal der Abstand zur Oberfläche vergleichsweise gross ist, was zu höheren Temperaturen im Eckbereich 24 führt; und b) bei einem gegossenen Kanal der Innendurchmesser vergleichsweise gross ist, was zu einem höheren Verbrauch an Kühlluft führt.  a) in a cast channel, the distance to the surface is comparatively large, which leads to higher temperatures in the corner region 24; and b) in a cast channel, the inner diameter is comparatively large, which leads to a higher consumption of cooling air.
Aus diesem Grunde kommt es wegen mangelnder Kühlung in nicht unerheblichem Maße zu einer Oxidation und Rissbildung an der Kante 22. Zur Lösung dieses Problems ist bereits vorgeschlagen worden (siehe die For this reason, due to lack of cooling to a considerable extent to an oxidation and cracking at the edge 22. To solve this problem has already been proposed (see the
Druckschrift JP 2010144656 oder die US 7,597,536 B1 ), die Beaufschlagung der Kante mit Heissgas zu vermindern, indem beispielsweise eine Spülung mit Kühlluft vorgesehen wird. Nachteilig ist dabei, dass eine erhebliche Menge an Spülluft benötigt wird, um die Temperatur des abgemischten Heissgases niedrig zu halten. Insbesondere bei grösseren Spalten nimmt die erforderliche Spülluftmenge deutlich zu. Wenn sich die Spaltbreite während des Betriebs in einer Weise ändert, die nicht der ausgelegten Spülluftmenge entspricht, verliert diese Kühlungsart ihre Wirkung. Im ungünstigsten Fall kann die Spülluft direkt in den Hauptstrom einfliessen, wenn sich die Strömungsbedingungen während des Betriebs ändern. Aus diesen JP 2010144656 or US Pat. No. 7,597,536 B1) to reduce the impact of the edge with hot gas, for example by flushing with cooling air is provided. The disadvantage here is that a significant amount of purge air is needed to keep the temperature of the blended hot gas low. Especially with larger columns, the required purge air volume increases significantly. If the gap width changes during operation in a way that does not correspond to the designed purge air, this type of cooling loses its effect. In the worst case, the purge air can flow directly into the main flow when the flow conditions change during operation. From these
Gründen ist der Spalt weitgehend ohne Kühlung, weil beide Lösungsvorschläge eine ausgewogene Mischung aus in den Spalt eindringendem Heissgas und durch Bohrungen herangeführter Spülluftvoraussetzen. Reasons the gap is largely without cooling, because both solutions proposed a balanced mixture of penetrating into the gap hot gas and brought by drilling scavenging air.
DARSTELLUNG DER ERFINDUNG Es ist eine Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Bauteil der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, das die Nachteile bekannter Bauteile vermeidet und im Bereich thermisch hoch belasteter Ecken bzw. Kanten mit geringem Kühlmittelaufwand stets ausreichend gekühlt wird. Die Aufgabe wird durch die Gesamtheit der Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.It is an object of the invention to provide a component of the type mentioned above, which avoids the disadvantages of known components and is always adequately cooled in the area of highly loaded corners or edges with low coolant expenditure. The object is solved by the entirety of the features of claim 1.
Das erfindungsgemässe Bauteil, das für eine thermische Maschine, insbesondere eine Gasturbine, vorgesehen ist und eine thermisch hoch belastete Ecke bzw.The inventive component which is provided for a thermal machine, in particular a gas turbine, and a thermally highly loaded corner or
Kante aufweist, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Kühlung der Ecke bzw.Has edge, characterized in that for cooling the corner or
Kante in unmittelbarer Nähe der Ecke bzw. Kante wenigstens ein von der Edge in the immediate vicinity of the corner or edge at least one of the
Oberfläche her in das Bauteil versenkt eingelassener Kühlkanal angeordnet ist. Surface forth sunk into the component recessed cooling channel is arranged.
Eine Ausgestaltung des Bauteils nach der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die Ecke bzw. Kante entlang einer vorgegebenen Linie erstreckt, und dass der wenigstens eine Kühlkanal über eine vorbestimmte Strecke im An embodiment of the component according to the invention is characterized in that the corner or edge extends along a predetermined line, and that the at least one cooling channel over a predetermined distance in
Wesentlichen parallel zur Ecke bzw. Kante verläuft. Eine andere Ausgestaltung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass in unmittelbarer Nähe der Ecke bzw. Kante mehrere parallel verlaufende, versenkt eingelassene Essentially parallel to the corner or edge. Another embodiment is characterized in that in the immediate vicinity of the corner or edge a plurality of parallel, sunk recessed
Kühlkanäle angeordnet sind. Eine weitere Ausgestaltung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kühlkanäle jeweils ein in eine Rinne eingebrachtes Kühlrohr umfassen. Cooling channels are arranged. A further embodiment is characterized in that the cooling channels each comprise a cooling tube introduced into a groove.
Insbesondere ist das Kühlrohr jeweils in ein die Rinne ausfüllendes Füllmaterial eingebettet und dadurch thermisch an das umgebende Material des Bauteils angekoppelt. In particular, the cooling tube is in each case embedded in a filler filling the channel and thereby thermally coupled to the surrounding material of the component.
Eine andere Ausgestaltung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die Rinne mit dem eingebrachten Kühlrohr zur zu kühlenden Oberfläche hin verschlossen ist. Insbesondere ist zum Verschliessen der Rinne eine aufgeschweisste Deckschicht vorgesehen. Another embodiment is characterized in that the channel is closed with the introduced cooling tube to the surface to be cooled. In particular, a welded cover layer is provided for closing the channel.
Eine weitere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kühlkanal einen Abstand seiner Mittelachse von der zu kühlenden Oberfläche im Bereich von 1 mm aufweist. A further embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the cooling channel has a distance of its central axis from the surface to be cooled in the range of 1 mm.
Gemäss einer anderen Ausgestaltung weist der Kühlkanal einen According to another embodiment, the cooling channel has a
Innendurchmesser im Bereich von etwa 1 mm auf. Eine noch andere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kühlkanal einen Auslass auf der Seite der zu kühlenden Oberfläche und einen Einlass auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite aufweist. Inner diameter in the range of about 1 mm. Yet another embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the cooling channel has an outlet on the side of the surface to be cooled and an inlet on the opposite side.
Nach einer weiteren Ausgestaltung ist das Bauteil mit einer Wärmedämmschicht ausgerüstet. Dies kommt insbesondere für thermisch hoch belastete Bauteile, beispielsweise solche in einer Gasturbine, in Frage. Gemäss einer anderen Ausgestaltung ist das Bauteil als Schaufel einer According to a further embodiment, the component is equipped with a thermal barrier coating. This is especially for highly thermally stressed components, such as those in a gas turbine, in question. According to another embodiment, the component is a blade of a
Gasturbine ausgebildet. Gas turbine trained.
Insbesondere ist die Schaufel aus separaten Bauteilen zusammengesetzt, wobei die zu kühlende Ecke bzw. Kante an einem Übergang zwischen den separaten Bauteilen ausgebildet ist. In particular, the blade is composed of separate components, wherein the corner or edge to be cooled is formed at a transition between the separate components.
Die Ecke bzw. Kante kann dabei an einer Seite durch einen vom Heissgas gefluteten Spalt begrenzt sein. The corner or edge can be bounded on one side by a gap flooded by the hot gas.
KURZE ERLÄUTERUNG DER FIGUREN BRIEF EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURES
Die Erfindung soll nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen im The invention will be described below with reference to embodiments in the
Zusammenhang mit der Zeichnung näher erläutert werden. Es zeigen Connection with the drawing will be explained in more detail. Show it
Fig. 1 eine aus der Druckschrift EP 2 189 626 A1 bekannte Fig. 1 is a known from EP 2 189 626 A1
zusammengesetzte Laufschaufel einer Gasturbine, bei der die Erfindung Anwendung finden kann;  composite rotor blade of a gas turbine, in which the invention can find application;
Fig. 2 im Schnitt eine thermisch hoch belastete Ecke bzw. Kante der Fig. 2 in section a thermally highly loaded corner or edge of
Schaufel aus Fig. 1 ;  Blade of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3-5 verschiedene Ausführungsbeispiele für eine Kühlung der Ecke bzw. Kante aus Fig. 2 gemäss der Erfindung; 3-5 different embodiments for cooling the corner or edge of Figure 2 according to the invention ..;
Fig. 6 im Längsschnitt (A) und Querschnitt (B) eine beispielhafte Fig. 6 in longitudinal section (A) and cross-section (B) an exemplary
Kühlkanal-Konfiguration für die Eckenkühlung gemäss der  Cooling channel configuration for the corner cooling according to
Erfindung;  Invention;
Fig. 7 in der Draufsicht von oben eine Plattform einer gebauten Schaufel mit einem umlaufenden Kühlkanal nach der Erfindung; und Fig. 8 Ecken-Kühlkanäle nach der Erfindung an den äusseren Ecken bzw. Kanten des Plattform-Elements aus Fig. 1 . Figure 7 is a plan view from above of a platform of a built-up blade with a circumferential cooling channel according to the invention. and Fig. 8 corner cooling channels according to the invention at the outer corners or edges of the platform element of FIG. 1st
WEGE ZUR AUSFÜHRUNG DER ERFINDUNG WAYS FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Gemäss der Erfindung wird eine Technologie der oberflächenah versenkten Kühlkanäle zur Kühlung von thermisch hoch belasteten Ecken beziehungsweise Kanten von Gasturbinen-Bauteilen, wie zum Beispiel Laufschaufeln, Leitschaufeln oder Hitzeschilden eingesetzt. Bei einer Konfiguration gemäss Fig. 2 besteht das Problem, dass die Kante 22 Heissgas von zwei aneinander stossenden Flächen her ausgesetzt ist und damit im Eckbereich 24 thermisch besonders hoch belastet ist. According to the invention, a technology of the surface near recessed cooling channels for cooling of thermally highly loaded corners or edges of gas turbine components, such as blades, vanes or heat shields used. In a configuration according to FIG. 2, there is the problem that the edge 22 is exposed to hot gas from two adjoining surfaces and is therefore subject to particularly high thermal loads in the corner region 24.
Gemäss Fig. 3 wird nun im Kantenbereich ein parallel zur Kante 22 verlaufender Kühlkanal 25 mit kleinem Innendurchmesser direkt unterhalb der Oberfläche vorgesehen, um den Eckbereich 24 wirksam und mit einem verminderten Einsatz von Kühlmittel, in der Regel Kühlluft, zu kühlen. Der Einlass 30 und der Auslass 29 des Kühlkanals 25 sind in Fig. 3 gestrichelt angedeutet. According to FIG. 3, a cooling channel 25 with a small inner diameter running parallel to the edge 22 is now provided directly below the surface in the edge region in order to cool the corner region 24 effectively and with a reduced use of coolant, as a rule cooling air. The inlet 30 and the outlet 29 of the cooling channel 25 are indicated by dashed lines in Fig. 3.
Der Kühlkanal 25 startet (mit dem Einlass 30) von einem mit Kühlluft gefüllten Plenum aus, verläuft dann parallel zur zu kühlenden Kante 22 und gibt dann über den Auslass 29 die erwärmte Luft in den Spalt 23 ab. Der Auslass 29 kann aber auch an die Oberfläche führen, um die erwärmte Luft direkt in den Heissgasstrom auszulassen und an der Oberfläche einen The cooling channel 25 starts (with the inlet 30) from a plenum filled with cooling air, then runs parallel to the edge 22 to be cooled and then discharges the heated air into the gap 23 via the outlet 29. However, the outlet 29 can also lead to the surface to discharge the heated air directly into the hot gas stream and on the surface a
Kühlluft-Film im Sinne einer Filmkühlung zu erzeugen. To produce cooling air film in the sense of film cooling.
Sollte ein einzelner Kühlkanal 25 gemäss Fig. 3 nicht ausreichen, um die Kante 22 zu kühlen, können gemäss Fig. 4 zwei parallel verlaufende Kühlkanäle 25a und 25b vorgesehen werden, die entsprechend an das Plenum und den Heissgaskanal angeschlossen sind. Sollte auch dies nicht ausreichen, können gemäss Fig. 5 mehr als zwei Kühlkanäle 25a, 25c und 25d zur Kante 22 parallel verlaufen. If a single cooling channel 25 according to FIG. 3 is not sufficient to cool the edge 22, two parallel cooling channels 25a and 25b can be provided according to FIG. 4, corresponding to the plenum and the hot gas channel are connected. If this too is not sufficient, more than two cooling channels 25a, 25c and 25d can run parallel to the edge 22 according to FIG.
Das prinzipielle Verfahren, mittels welchem dünne Kühlkanäle von der Oberfläche her nachträglich in ein vorgeformtes Bauteil sehr nahe an der zu kühlendenThe principle method, by means of which thin cooling ducts from the surface subsequently in a preformed component very close to the cooled
Oberfläche eingebracht werden können, ist anhand der Fig. 6 verdeutlicht, wobei Fig. 6 (A) den Längschnitt durch eine beispielhafte Anordnung zeigt, und Fig. 6 (B) den Querschnitt in der Ebene B-B: In ein Bauteil 26 wird von der Oberseite her durch ein geeignetes Verfahren (z.B. Senkerodieren) mit einem geeignet geformten Werkzeug eine Rinne 41 in die Wand des Bauteils eingebracht, die an dem einen Ende mit einer Biegung 31 a schräg nach oben ausläuft (Auslass 29) und am anderen Ende nach einer Biegung 31 b einen Durchgang zur Unterseite aufweist (Einlass 30). In die so gebildete Rinne wird ein entsprechend Can be introduced, is illustrated with reference to FIG. 6, wherein Fig. 6 (A) shows the longitudinal section through an exemplary arrangement, and Fig. 6 (B) shows the cross section in the plane BB: In a component 26 is from the top ago by a suitable method (eg Senkerodieren) with a suitably shaped tool a groove 41 introduced into the wall of the component, which runs at one end with a bend 31 a obliquely upward (outlet 29) and at the other end after a bend 31st b has a passage to the bottom (inlet 30). In the groove thus formed is a corresponding
dimensioniertes und geformtes Kühlrohr 31 eingebracht und über ein Füllmaterial 32 (z.B. Hartlot oder dgl.) thermisch eng an das umgebende Material des Bauteils 26 angekoppelt. Die so gebildete Anordnung kann dann verschlossen werden, indem durch Schweissen eine Deckschicht 33 aufgebracht wird. Sie bildet einen oberflächennahen Kühlkanal 27, der im Betrieb von dem Kühlmedium 28, zum Beispiel Kühlluft, durchströmt wird. dimensioned and formed cooling tube 31 and thermally coupled to the surrounding material of the component 26 via a filler 32 (e.g., braze or the like). The arrangement thus formed can then be closed by applying a cover layer 33 by welding. It forms a near-surface cooling channel 27, which is flowed through during operation by the cooling medium 28, for example cooling air.
Der auf diese Weise hergestellte Kühlkanal 27 hat beispielsweise einen Abstand Mittelachse-Oberfläche im Bereich von 1 mm bei einem Innendurchmesser im Bereich von etwa 1 mm. Seine Länge liegt im Allgemeinen in einem Bereich von 10mm bis 100mm, vorzugsweise 20mm bis 40mm. Bei darüber hinausgehenden Kantenlängen wird eine Mehrzahl von Kühlkanälen 27 in Folge angeordnet, wie dies in den Figuren 7 und 8 beispielhaft gezeigt ist. Aufeinander folgende By way of example, the cooling channel 27 produced in this way has a distance between the central axis surface in the range of 1 mm and an inner diameter in the region of approximately 1 mm. Its length is generally in a range of 10mm to 100mm, preferably 20mm to 40mm. With edge lengths beyond this, a plurality of cooling channels 27 are arranged in succession, as shown by way of example in FIGS. 7 and 8. Successive
Kühlkanäle 27 können in ihrer Länge voneinander abweichen, um beispielsweise unterschiedlichen thermischen Beanspruchungen oder konstruktiven Zwängen Rechnung zu tragen. Sie können im Interesse einer optimalen Kühlwirkung in gleicher oder in entgegengesetzter Richtung von dem Kühlmedium durchströmt werden. Das Gleiche gilt auch für parallel angeordnete Kühlkanäle. Bei einem Plattform-Element 34 gemäss Fig. 7, welches auf der Oberseite 35 eine Durchgangsöffnung 36 hat, das von einer gekrümmten Kurve berandet ist, die einem Schaufelprofil gleicht, muss der wenigstens eine Kühlkanal 37 gemäss der Erfindung dieser gekrümmten Kurve nachgeführt sein . Eine Anzahl hintereinander angeordneter Kühlkanäle 37, die auch gekrümmt ausgebildet sein können, folgt der Kurvenkontur. Die konkrete Länge der einzelnen Kanäle 37 hängt Cooling channels 27 may differ in length from each other, for example, to take account of different thermal stresses or design constraints. You can be traversed in the interest of optimal cooling effect in the same or in the opposite direction of the cooling medium. The same applies to parallel cooling channels. In the case of a platform element 34 according to FIG. 7, which has a through opening 36 on the upper side 35 which is bounded by a curved curve which resembles a blade profile, then the at least one cooling channel 37 must be tracked according to the invention of this curved curve. A number of consecutively arranged cooling channels 37, which may also be curved, follows the curve contour. The concrete length of the individual channels 37 depends
insbesondere von der thermischen Belastung des Plattform-Elements 34 ab. Sie wird in der Regel zwischen 20mm und 40mm betragen. Bei einem Plattform-Element gemäss Fig. 1 können aber auch an den äusseren Kanten Kühlluftkanäle nach der Erfindung eingesetzt werden, wie dies in Fig. 8 für die Kühlkanäle 38 und 39 angedeutet ist. in particular from the thermal load of the platform element 34. It will usually be between 20mm and 40mm. In a platform element according to FIG. 1, however, cooling air ducts according to the invention can also be used on the outer edges, as is indicated in FIG. 8 for the cooling channels 38 and 39.
Die Vorteile der Erfindung lassen sich wie folgt zusammenfassen: The advantages of the invention can be summarized as follows:
a) durch einen reduzierten Kühlluftverbrauch verbessert sich der  a) by a reduced cooling air consumption improves the
Wirkungsgrad der Maschine;  Efficiency of the machine;
b) die Kühlung erfolgt so nahe an dem zu kühlenden Ort wie möglich;  b) the cooling takes place as close as possible to the place to be cooled;
c) die thermisch hoch belasteten Ecken beziehungsweise Kanten, die an  c) the thermally highly loaded corners or edges, the
aneinander anstoßenden Ringflächen gebildet werden und dadurch besonders hoch belastet sind, werden effektiv gekühlt; und  are formed adjacent abutting annular surfaces and thus particularly high loads are effectively cooled; and
d) die Lebensdauer des so gekühlten Bauteils verlängert sich deutlich. d) the life of the so cooled component is significantly extended.
BEZUGSZEICHENLISTE LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
10,34 Plattform-Element 10.34 platform element
1 1 ,35 Oberseite  1 1, 35 top
12,36 Durchgangsöffnung 12.36 passage opening
13,14 Bein 13:14 leg
15,16 Haken  15.16 hooks
17 Schaufelblatt  17 airfoil
18 Schaufelspitze  18 bucket tip
19 Schaft  19 shaft
20 Schaufelblatt-Element 20 airfoil element
21 Schaufelfuss 21 blade root
22 Ecke, Kante  22 corner, edge
23 Spalt  23 gap
24 Eckbereich  24 corner area
25,25a-d Kühlkanal  25.25a-d cooling channel
26 Bauteil  26 component
27,37 Kühlkanal  27.37 cooling channel
28 Kühlmedium, z.B. Luft 28 cooling medium, e.g. air
29 Auslass 29 outlet
30 Einlass  30 inlet
31 Kühlrohr  31 cooling tube
31 a,b Biegung  31 a, b Bend
32 Füllmaterial (z.B. Lot) 32 filler material (e.g., solder)
33 Deckschicht (geschweisst)33 cover layer (welded)
38,39 Kühlkanal 38.39 cooling channel
40a,b Ecke, Kante  40a, b corner, edge
41 Rinne  41 gutter

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE
1 . Bauteil (10, 20; 26; 34) für eine thermische Maschine, insbesondere eine Gasturbine, welches Bauteil (10, 20; 26; 34) eine thermisch hoch belastete Ecke bzw. Kante (22; 40a,b) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Kühlung der Ecke bzw. Kante (22; 40a,b) in unmittelbarer Nähe der Ecke bzw. Kante (22; 40a,b) wenigstens ein von der Oberfläche her in das Bauteil (10, 20; 26; 34) versenkt eingelassener Kühlkanal (25,25a-d; 27; 37; 38, 39) angeordnet ist. 1 . Component (10, 20; 26; 34) for a thermal machine, in particular a gas turbine, which component (10, 20; 26; 34) has a thermally highly loaded corner or edge (22; 40a, b), characterized at least one recessed into the component (10, 20; 26; 34) for cooling the corner or edge (22; 40a, b) in the immediate vicinity of the corner or edge (22; 40a, b) Cooling channel (25,25a-d; 27; 37; 38, 39) is arranged.
2. Bauteil nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die Ecke bzw. Kante (22; 40a,b) entlang einer vorgegebenen Linie erstreckt, und dass der wenigstens eine Kühlkanal (25,25a-d; 27; 37; 38, 39) über eine vorbestimmte Strecke im Wesentlichen parallel zu der Ecke bzw. Kante (22; 40a,b) verläuft. 2. Component according to claim 1, characterized in that the corner or edge (22; 40a, b) extends along a predetermined line, and that the at least one cooling channel (25,25a-d; 27; 37; 38,39 ) extends over a predetermined distance substantially parallel to the corner or edge (22; 40a, b).
3. Bauteil nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in unmittelbarer Nähe der Ecke bzw. Kante (22; 40a,b) mehrere Kühlkanäle (25, 27, 37, 38, 39) in Reihe angeordnet sind. 3. Component according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the immediate vicinity of the corner or edge (22; 40a, b) a plurality of cooling channels (25, 27, 37, 38, 39) are arranged in series.
4. Bauteil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in unmittelbarer Nähe der Ecke bzw. Kante (22, 40a,b) mehrere parallel verlaufende, versenkt eingelassene Kühlkanäle (25a-d) angeordnet sind. 4. Component according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in the immediate vicinity of the corner or edge (22, 40a, b) a plurality of parallel, sunk recessed cooling channels (25a-d) are arranged.
5. Bauteil nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die parallel verlaufenden Kühlkanäle (25, 27) versetzt zueinander angeordnet sind. 5. Component according to claim 4, characterized in that the parallel cooling channels (25, 27) are arranged offset from one another.
6. Bauteil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 -5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kühlkanäle (25,25a-d; 27; 37; 38, 39) jeweils ein in eine Rinne (41 ) 6. Component according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the cooling channels (25, 25a-d; 27; 37; 38, 39) are each inserted into a channel (41).
eingebrachtes Kühlrohr (31 ) umfassen. Include introduced cooling tube (31).
7. Bauteil nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kühlrohr (31 ) jeweils in ein die Rinne 41 ausfüllendes Füllmaterial (32) eingebettet und dadurch thermisch an das umgebende Material des Bauteils (10, 20; 26; 34) angekoppelt ist. 7. The component according to claim 6, characterized in that the cooling tube (31) each embedded in a groove 41 filling filling material (32) and thermally coupled to the surrounding material of the component (10, 20, 26, 34).
8. Bauteil nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rinne (41 ) mit dem eingebrachten Kühlrohr (31 ) zur zu kühlenden Oberfläche hin verschlossen ist. 8. Component according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the channel (41) is closed with the introduced cooling tube (31) to be cooled surface.
9. Bauteil nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zum 9. Component according to claim 8, characterized in that for
Verschliessen der Rinne (41 ) eine aufgeschweisste Deckschicht (33) vorgesehen ist. Closing the channel (41) a welded cover layer (33) is provided.
10. Bauteil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 -9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kühlkanal (25,25a-d; 27; 37; 38, 39) einen Abstand seiner Mittelachse von der zu kühlenden Oberfläche im Bereich von 1 mm aufweist. 10. Component according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the cooling channel (25, 25a-d; 27; 37; 38, 39) has a distance of its central axis from the surface to be cooled in the region of 1 mm.
1 1 . Bauteil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 -10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kühlkanal (25,25a-d; 27; 37; 38, 39) einen Innendurchmesser im Bereich von etwa 1 mm aufweist. 1 1. Component according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the cooling channel (25, 25a-d; 27; 37; 38, 39) has an inner diameter in the range of about 1 mm.
12. Bauteil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 -1 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kühlkanal (25,25a-d; 27; 37; 38, 39) einen Auslass (29) auf der Seite der zu kühlenden Oberfläche und einen Einlass (30) auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite aufweist. 12. The component according to one of claims 1 -1, characterized in that the cooling channel (25, 25a-d; 27; 37; 38, 39) has an outlet (29) on the side of the surface to be cooled and an inlet (30 ) on the opposite side.
13. Bauteil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 -12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf die Oberfläche des Bauteils eine Wärmedämmschicht aufgebracht ist. 13. Component according to one of claims 1 -12, characterized in that on the surface of the component, a thermal barrier coating is applied.
14. Bauteil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 -13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es als Schaufel (10, 20) einer Gasturbine ausgebildet ist. 14. Component according to one of claims 1 -13, characterized in that it is designed as a blade (10, 20) of a gas turbine.
15. Bauteil nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schaufel aus separaten Bauteilen (10, 20) zusammengesetzt ist, und die zu kühlende Ecke bzw. Kante (22, 40a,b) an einem Übergang zwischen den separaten Bauteilen (10, 20) ausgebildet ist. 15. Component according to claim 14, characterized in that the blade of separate components (10, 20) is composed, and the corner to be cooled or edge (22, 40a, b) is formed at a transition between the separate components (10, 20).
16. Bauteil nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ecke bzw. Kante (22, 40a,b) an einer Seite durch einen von Heissgas beaufschlagten Spalt (23) begrenzt ist. 16. Component according to claim 15, characterized in that the corner or edge (22, 40a, b) on one side by a hot gas acted upon by gap (23) is limited.
EP13704137.2A 2012-02-17 2013-02-15 Component for a thermal machine, in particular a gas turbine Active EP2815083B1 (en)

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CH00210/12A CH706107A1 (en) 2012-02-17 2012-02-17 Component of a thermal machine, in particular a gas turbine.
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EP2815083B1 (en) 2017-06-28
JP2015508141A (en) 2015-03-16
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CN104114818B (en) 2017-06-23
US20140334914A1 (en) 2014-11-13

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