EP2810031A2 - Procédé et dispositif pour surveiller une température d'un système thermosensible - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour surveiller une température d'un système thermosensible

Info

Publication number
EP2810031A2
EP2810031A2 EP13700526.0A EP13700526A EP2810031A2 EP 2810031 A2 EP2810031 A2 EP 2810031A2 EP 13700526 A EP13700526 A EP 13700526A EP 2810031 A2 EP2810031 A2 EP 2810031A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature
signal
sensors
combination
sensor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13700526.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Volker Doege
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2810031A2 publication Critical patent/EP2810031A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K3/00—Thermometers giving results other than momentary value of temperature
    • G01K3/02—Thermometers giving results other than momentary value of temperature giving means values; giving integrated values
    • G01K3/06—Thermometers giving results other than momentary value of temperature giving means values; giving integrated values in respect of space
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K15/00—Testing or calibrating of thermometers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K15/00—Testing or calibrating of thermometers
    • G01K15/007—Testing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for monitoring a temperature of a temperature-sensitive system, such as an energy storage, to a device for monitoring a temperature of a temperature-sensitive system, to a temperature-sensitive system and to a corresponding computer program product.
  • a temperature-sensitive system such as an energy storage
  • Temperature-sensitive systems such. As batteries for electric vehicles are usually specified in terms of life, electrical performance or performance and safety and designed accordingly. Aging processes, such as resistance increases and capacity losses, are mostly thermally activated processes. Also security-related processes, such. B. unwanted exothermic side reactions (eg., "Thermal runaway") and the structure of an internal pressure, are determined by the temperature. Therefore, detection or monitoring of the temperature of the individual system components is essential.
  • the temperature is often monitored only at one point in a battery pack of up to 20 cells.
  • electric vehicles for example, depending on the number of individual elements of the energy storage used z. T. up to 100 temperature sensors or more are used.
  • unmonitored memory cells there is a risk of a
  • Performance or safety-critical state of this element is not to be believe it. If every single cell temperature is detected, this means a large number of sensors, including the associated expense of data transmission. Due to the large number of active individual elements in a total battery in the order of 100 to 8000, the cost of temperature detection increases at each individual element. Even systems with rather few and relatively large individual components may require a large monitoring effort, since in this case the individual objects are to be monitored by sensors in several places. Disclosure of the invention
  • the present invention provides an improved method for monitoring a temperature of a temperature-sensitive system, an improved device for monitoring a temperature of a temperature-sensitive system, an improved temperature-sensitive
  • combination signals such as temperature sensor sum signals or other types of logical operation, in relation to a temperature reference signal.
  • the reference signal may in particular also be generated from a combination of a plurality of individual signals or sensor signals.
  • the combination signals are compared with the reference signal, which may be another combination signal. This can z. B. with relatively little effort a deviation from the normal state for all interesting temperature points are detected. Since, in addition to the reference signal, only one or more combination signals come to be evaluated in comparison with an otherwise large number of signals, the evaluation effort and / or the data transfer effort can be reduced.
  • One advantage of the present invention is that in particular the performance, the service life and also the safety status of the temperature-sensitive system can be improved. For example, a large number of temperature measuring points can be detected by sensors in the temperature range. temperature-sensitive system using embodiments of the present invention are evaluated with little effort in terms of unwanted temperature conditions and thus monitored. This can also increase a speed of detection of possibly critical temperature conditions, a sensitivity of the detection can be increased and a cost of the temperature condition monitoring can be reduced. It may be the effort in terms of z. As sensors, cabling and measurement are minimized without monitoring only a portion of the monitored elements. It is possible to monitor all individual elements, which provides accurate information for assessing the system status.
  • Performance and life of an energy storage with individual memory cells usually depend on an electrical, thermal and mechanical load on such components. For this and also for safety reasons, for example, such battery packs are usually also temperature monitored. According to embodiments of the present invention, the monitoring effort can be reduced with substantially retained accuracy by transmitting and evaluating the difference, sum or result of another type of logical operation or arithmetic operation instead of the individual sensor signals. Compared with an immediate detection of all individual signals at a monitoring unit, the measuring points of interest can also be monitored and thus critical system states can be comprehensively detected. For example, in a lithium battery system, the load may be removed from the system before a negative effect of a critical temperature condition, e.g. B. a "thermal runaway", and / or permanent damage to the system occurs.
  • a critical temperature condition e.g. B. a "thermal runaway"
  • a method for monitoring a temperature of a temperature-sensitive system comprising at least two sensors for generating temperature-representative sensor signals, comprises the following steps:
  • the temperature-sensitive system may, for example, an electrical storage or energy storage, in particular a so-called battery pack having a plurality of memory cells have.
  • other temperature-controlled, dynamic or static systems are also suitable as a temperature-sensitive system.
  • systems that are subject to electrochemical, chemical and physical processes which are temperature activated in possible system states.
  • Battery packs are used for the electrical power supply of, for example, portable electrical appliances and electric vehicles. Battery packs may have series and / or parallel electrical storage cells.
  • the memory cells can z.
  • electric vehicle batteries and batteries of other bat- terie desener electrical equipment, but also, for example, systems in the
  • the sensors may, for example, be temperature sensors, in particular temperature-dependent resistors, thermocouples and the like, or other types of sensors whose sensor signals allow conclusions to be drawn about a temperature.
  • the sensors can be arranged at respective measuring points in the temperature-sensitive system. At each of the measuring points, a temperature in the temperature-sensitive system is to be recorded and monitored. At the sensors, the sensor signals can be tapped.
  • the sensor signals may be, for example, voltage signals, resistance signals, pressure signals or even optical signals.
  • the first combination signal may comprise a suitable combination of at least two sensor signals.
  • the first combination signal may be a reference signal.
  • the second combination signal may comprise at least one sensor signal or a suitable combination of at least two sensor signals.
  • the comparison signal may be configured to indicate any temperature deviations that may result from at least one sensor signal.
  • the comparison signal may be processed by a suitable algorithm to determine a temperature condition of the temperature-sensitive system.
  • a step of generating the first combination signal from a first signal group of at least one sensor signal and the second combination signal from a second signal group of at least one sensor signal may be provided.
  • the first combination signal can be generated based on a suitable combination of at least two sensor signals which form the first signal group.
  • the step of generating may be performed repeatedly for at least one of the combination signals, wherein an associated signal group may be retained or a signal group may be used with at least partially different sensor signals.
  • the step of combining may be performed by a suitable combination device.
  • Comparable can be generated. This allows flexible, accurate and comprehensive temperature monitoring.
  • the first signal group and the second signal group may have at least one non-common sensor signal. If, for example, two sensor signals are present, then the first signal group can have both sensor signals and the second signal group can have one of the sensor signals. The first signal group and the second signal group may also have completely different or derived from different sensors sensor signals.
  • Such an embodiment offers the advantage that a flexibly adaptable temperature monitoring is made possible, wherein a temperature-critical element of the temperature-sensitive system can be detected reliably and quickly.
  • a step of assigning at least one sensor signal to the first signal group and at least one sensor signal to the second signal group may be provided.
  • Such an embodiment offers the advantage that a Adaptable temperature monitoring is made possible flexibly to prevailing temperature conditions and / or operating states of the temperature-sensitive system, with comprehensive and needs-based monitoring of all required measuring points as well as detection of a temperature-critical element of the temperature-sensitive system being improved.
  • a step of determining at least one logical operation and / or one arithmetic operation depending on a type of the sensors may be provided.
  • the step of generating the first combination signal and the second combination signal under
  • Such an embodiment offers the advantage that a flexible and accurate temperature monitoring which can be adapted flexibly and as needed to sensor-technical conditions of the temperature-sensitive system and thus reliable and precise is made possible.
  • a step of determining at least one logical operation and / or one arithmetic operation in dependence on the combination signals may be provided.
  • the step of comparing the first combination signal and the second combination signal can be compared using the determined, at least one logical operation and / or arithmetic operation.
  • the at least one logical operation and / or arithmetic operation can be determined depending on which signals the combination signals were generated from and / or which logical operation and / or arithmetic operation was used in the step of generating.
  • the comparison signal a temperature state, for. B. represent a current temperature condition, the temperature-sensitive system. At the given temperature state, it may be a critical temperature state or a normal temperature state of the temperature-sensitive system.
  • the critical temperature state and the normal temperature state can each represent a range of temperatures.
  • it can be evaluated whether the temperature state represented by the comparison signal corresponds to a critical temperature state or a normal temperature state of the temperature-sensitive system.
  • the ratio of the temperature state represented by the comparison signal with respect to the predetermined temperature state can be evaluated quantitatively and / or with respect to a predetermined ratio.
  • the present invention further provides an apparatus for monitoring a temperature of a temperature-sensitive system, the system comprising at least two sensors for generating temperature-representative sensor signals, the apparatus being configured to perform the steps of the above-mentioned method.
  • the apparatus may comprise means adapted to carry out each step of the above-mentioned method.
  • This embodiment of the invention in the form of a device can also be used to solve the problem underlying the invention quickly and efficiently.
  • a device can be understood as meaning an electrical device or control device which processes sensor signals and carries out a temperature monitoring in dependence thereon.
  • the device may have an interface, which may be formed in hardware and / or software.
  • the interfaces can be part of a so-called system ASIC, for example, which contains a wide variety of functions of the device.
  • the interfaces are their own integrated circuits or at least partially consist of discrete components.
  • the interfaces may be software modules that are present, for example, on a microcontroller in addition to other software modules.
  • the present invention also provides a temperature sensitive system having the following features: at least two temperature-sensitive devices; at least two sensors for generating sensor signals representing a temperature of the temperature-sensitive devices; and an above-mentioned device for monitoring a temperature of a temperature-sensitive system, wherein the device is connected to the sensors by means of a communication interface in order to receive the sensor signals.
  • an aforementioned device can be advantageously used to monitor a temperature of the temperature-sensitive system.
  • the temperature-sensitive devices may be, for example, individual memory cells of an electrical energy store.
  • Also of advantage is a computer program product with program code which is stored on a machine-readable carrier such as a semiconductor memory, a hard disk memory or an optical memory and is used to carry out the above-mentioned method when the program is executed on a computer or a device.
  • a machine-readable carrier such as a semiconductor memory, a hard disk memory or an optical memory
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a temperature-sensitive system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a portion of a temperature sensitive system according to one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a portion of a temperature-sensitive system according to one embodiment of the present invention
  • 4 is a flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a temperature-sensitive system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the temperature-sensitive system 100 has, by way of example, two temperature-sensitive devices 105A and 105B, for example two sensors 110A and 110 and a temperature monitoring device or device 120 for monitoring a temperature of the temperature-sensitive system 100 with a comparison device 130 and an evaluation device 140.
  • the temperature-sensitive system 100 is, for example, an electrical energy store, in particular a battery pack or the like.
  • the temperature-sensitive devices 105A and 105B are, for example, individual battery cells or memory cells.
  • the sensors 1 10A and 1 10B are temperature sensors, for example temperature-dependent resistors, thermocouples or the like.
  • the temperature sensitive device 105A represents a first temperature sensitive device.
  • the sensor 1 10A represents a first sensor.
  • the temperature sensitive device 105B represents a second temperature sensitive device.
  • the sensor 1 1 OB represents a second sensor.
  • the first temperature-sensitive device 105A has a first measuring point at which the first sensor 110A is arranged.
  • the second temperature-sensitive device 105B has a second measuring point at which the second sensor 110B is arranged.
  • a single temperature-sensitive device may also be provided which has at least one measuring point on which a sensor is arranged.
  • a number of the temperature sensitive devices, measurement points, and sensors may also be significantly larger than shown in FIG. 1, according to other embodiments of the present invention.
  • the sensors 1 10A and 1 10B are configured to generate sensor signals representative of the temperature of temperature sensitive devices 105A and 105B.
  • the first sensor 1 10A is designed to generate a first sensor signal representing the temperature of the first temperature-sensitive device 105A.
  • the second sensor 10B is configured to generate a second sensor signal representing the temperature of the second temperature sensitive device 105B.
  • the sensors 11A and 10B are connected to the device 120 by means of a communication channel, for example at least one electrical line, a radio link or the like.
  • the temperature monitor 120 is configured to receive the sensor signals from the sensors 110A and 110B.
  • the device 120 has the comparison device 130 and the evaluation device 140.
  • the comparison device 130 is designed to compare a first combination signal generated from the exemplary two sensor signals of the sensors 110A and 110B and a second combination signal generated from at least one sensor signal of the two sensors 110A and 110B, in order to provide a comparison signal produce.
  • the comparison device 130 is designed, for example, to generate the first combination signal and the second combination signal using at least one determinable logical one
  • the evaluation device 140 is designed to evaluate the comparison signal with respect to a temperature state of the temperature-sensitive system 100 in order to carry out the monitoring of the temperature of the temperature-sensitive system 100.
  • the device 120 may also include a generating device for generating the first combination signal from, for example, the first sensor signal of the first sensor 1 10A and the second sensor signal of the second sensor 1 1 OB and the second combination signal from FIG have first or the second sensor signal.
  • the generation device is designed, for example, to generate the first combination signal and the second combination signal using at least one ascertainable logical combination and additionally or alternatively a detectable arithmetic operation.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of a part of a temperature-sensitive system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the temperature-sensitive system may be the temperature-responsive system of FIG. 1.
  • 20 temperature-sensitive devices 105 or battery cells which may correspond to the temperature-sensitive devices of FIG.
  • sensors 1 10 or temperature-dependent resistors are shown by way of example in FIG. 2, which may correspond to the sensors of FIG .
  • an electrical current I and voltages Ui, U 2 , U 3 and U 4 or combination signals are shown.
  • the exemplary embodiment of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 2 may be a battery comprising, by way of example, a battery cell as a temperature-sensitive system with temperature-dependent resistors as sensors 110.
  • a battery cell for reasons of space and clarity, only two of the temperature-sensitive devices 105 and two of the sensors 110 are designated in FIG. 2 by reference numerals.
  • the temperature-sensitive devices 105 comprise, by way of example, ten parallel-connected battery cells and two series-connected battery cells (10P2S and 2s10p, respectively). At or in each temperature-sensitive device 105 or battery cell, a sensor 1 10 or temperature-dependent resistor is arranged.
  • the sensors 110 are arranged in two strands of ten sensors 1 10 connected in series. The strands of sensors 1 10 are each traversed by electric current I. At the beginning and at the end of each strand of sensors 1 10 and between any adjacent sensors 1 10 each strand an electrical voltage can be tapped.
  • a voltage U 2 which represents a first combination signal from FIG. 1, is tapped, for example, between the beginning and the end of the string 1 10 shown in FIG. 2 below.
  • the voltage U 3 which represents a second combination signal from FIG. 1, is exemplified between the beginning of FIG. 2 Stands above shown sensors 1 10 and a location between the third sensor 1 10 and the fourth sensor 1 10 tapped this strand.
  • a voltage U 4 which represents a first combination signal from FIG. 1, is tapped, for example, between the beginning and the end of the string of sensors 1 10 shown in FIG. 2 above.
  • the combination signals represented by the voltages Ui, U 2 , U 3 and U 4 are signals which are determined by summing up individual sensor signals of the sensors 1 10.
  • a comparison device for comparing the combination signals can be designed to take into account in each case the number of combined sensor signals in a comparison to be performed.
  • the comparison device can be designed to normalize the combination signals before the comparison, for example by a value of a combination signal being respectively output by the
  • FIG. 2 shows a comparison of partial to total voltage or partial to total voltage drop or partial to total signal level in one of the strings of sensors 110.
  • a temperature monitoring device such as the device of FIG. 1
  • the combination signals or voltages Ui, U 2 , U 3 and U 4 are compared.
  • the voltage Ui and the voltage U 2 can be compared with one another and the voltage U 3 and the voltage U 4 can be compared with one another.
  • a sensor signal of a sensor 110 for example Ui, can be set in relation to the overall signal, for example U 2 .
  • a deviation of a single element state or temperature state of a single temperature-sensitive device 105 from the temperature state of the entirety of temperature-sensitive devices 105 can be determined according to one possibility become.
  • a comparison of the third part of a partial signal, such as U 3 , with the tenth part of the total signal, such as U 4 are employed.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of a part of a temperature-sensitive system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The representation in FIG. 3 corresponds to the illustration from FIG. 2, with the exception that thermoelements are provided as sensors 1 10 by way of example, and thus combination signals Ti, T 2 , T 3 and T 4 are obtained in a somewhat different manner.
  • thermocouples or sensors 1 10 are arranged in two groups, which substantially correspond to the two strands of Fig. 2. Specifically, an upper group and a lower group of sensors 110 are shown in FIG. This is done at each
  • Sensor 1 10 tapped a voltage as a sensor signal.
  • the voltages of the sensors 1 10 can be combined differently depending on requirements and from this the combination signals Ti, T 2 , T 3 and T 4 are generated.
  • the combination signals Ti, T 2 , T 3 and T 4 can be determined in suitable combination devices.
  • Such a combination device can be designed, for example, to receive at least two sensor signals of two of the sensors 110, to combine them together to produce a combination signal, for example the combination signal T 4 , and to output the generated combination signal to a comparison device.
  • the combination device can be designed to determine the combination signal as an average value from the received sensor signals.
  • FIG. 3 shows a comparison or an evaluation of the signals of respectively two subclusters or subgroups of the groups of sensors 110.
  • the mean values of the voltages per measuring point can be set in relation to each other and then thermal deviations of the temperature-sensitive devices 105 can be derived.
  • a first combination signal Ti an average value of the voltages of nine of the ten sensors 110 of the lower group of sensors 110 can be compared with a voltage of the tenth sensor 110 of the lower group of sensors 110 as the second combination signal T 2 .
  • a mean value of the voltages of eight of the ten sensors 110 of the upper group of sensors 110 with a voltage of the two remaining sensors 110 of the upper group of sensors 110 as a second combination signal T 3 can be compared as a first combination signal T 4 - become.
  • the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 are chosen by way of example and can be varied according to the approach according to the invention.
  • the sensor signals of two or more of the sensors 110 may be used.
  • the combination signal U2 shown in FIG. 2 fewer than the sensor signals of all the sensors 110 of a string of temperature-sensitive devices 105, that is to say only the sensor signals from a subset of all sensors 110 of the string, can also be used.
  • a sensor signal can be used for both
  • Combination signal U1 and for the combination signal U2 are used.
  • no same sensor signals can be used for the combination signals U1, U2.
  • the combination signals used for the individual groups so for example, the combination onsignals U1, U2 for the lower group shown and the combination signals
  • the combination signals U1, U3 may correspond or differ from each other with respect to the sensor signals used.
  • the combination signals U2, U4 may correspond or differ from each other with respect to the sensor signals used.
  • the assignment to groups is generally, for. B. in electrical storage devices, regardless of the grouping in terms of their electrical function or other arrangement criteria.
  • An association between sensor signals and combination signals can be changed.
  • the combination signals U1, U2 can be compared with each other. Subsequently, depending on a comparison result or alternatively independently of a comparison result, at least one of the combination signals U1, U2 can be changed, ie, it can be For example, for the combination signal U1 another or an additional sensor signal can be used, and then a new comparison of the combination signals U1, U2 are performed.
  • a faulty temperature-sensitive device 105 can be located more accurately.
  • FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of a method 400 for monitoring a temperature of a temperature-sensitive system, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the system has at least two sensors for generating sensor signals representing the temperature.
  • the method 400 has a step of comparing 410 a first combination signal generated from at least two sensor signals of the at least two sensors and a second combination signal generated from at least one sensor signal of at least one of the at least two sensors to generate a comparison signal.
  • the method 400 also includes a step of evaluating 420 the comparison signal for a temperature condition of the temperature-sensitive system to perform the monitoring of the temperature of the temperature-sensitive system.
  • the method 400 may be advantageously carried out in conjunction with the apparatus of Fig. 1 and the system of Figs. 1-3, respectively.
  • Further embodiments may be based, for example, on an electronic or electrical sum or difference formation or another type of logical combination or arithmetic operation of the sensor signals near the sensor, in which case only the resulting combination signals are transmitted to the device 120.
  • the type and embodiment may vary depending on the required sensitivity and the type of sensors used. This includes the kind of logical Link on.
  • a realization of the underlying principle may also be based on different types of sensors 110, and different types of sensors 110 may also be used in a system 100.
  • a corresponding adaptation of the evaluation of the sensor signals is provided in this case. This also applies in the case when different temperature levels on an object are the normal case and only one type of sensor 1 10 is used.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé (400) pour surveiller une température d'un système thermosensible. Ledit système présente au moins deux capteurs pour générer des signaux de détection représentant ladite température. Ledit procédé (400) comprend une étape de comparaison (410) entre un premier signal combiné généré à partir d'au moins deux signaux de détection des au moins deux capteurs et un second signal combiné généré à partir d'au moins un signal de détection d'au moins un des au moins deux capteurs, de manière à produire un signal de comparaison. Ledit procédé (400) comprend également une étape d'évaluation (420) du signal de comparaison, quant à un état de température du système thermosensible, de manière à effectuer la surveillance de la température du système thermosensible.
EP13700526.0A 2012-02-02 2013-01-09 Procédé et dispositif pour surveiller une température d'un système thermosensible Withdrawn EP2810031A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201210201528 DE102012201528A1 (de) 2012-02-02 2012-02-02 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Überwachung einer Temperatur eines temperaturempfindlichen Systems
PCT/EP2013/050272 WO2013113534A2 (fr) 2012-02-02 2013-01-09 Procédé et dispositif pour surveiller une température d'un système thermosensible

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EP2810031A2 true EP2810031A2 (fr) 2014-12-10

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EP (1) EP2810031A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102012201528A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013113534A2 (fr)

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CN103488894A (zh) * 2013-09-23 2014-01-01 浙江大学 一种电动汽车车载动力电池性能评价方法
FR3013460B1 (fr) 2013-11-21 2018-01-05 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Procede de detection d'un dysfonctionnement d'un systeme de controle de batterie
DE102014221272A1 (de) 2014-10-21 2016-04-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Überwachungseinrichtung für eine Batterie, eine Lithium-Ionen-Batterie sowie Verfahren zur Überwachung einer Batterie

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DE602005002975T2 (de) * 2004-06-15 2008-08-07 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha, Toyota Verfahren zum Bestimmen von Abnormalitäten von Temperatursensoren, und Gerät für Energieversorgung
WO2009100052A1 (fr) * 2008-02-04 2009-08-13 Delta T Corporation Système de commande automatique pour ventilateur de plafond sur la base de différences de température

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US7555411B2 (en) * 2007-01-31 2009-06-30 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Method and apparatus to monitor a temperature sensing device
GB0715768D0 (en) * 2007-08-14 2007-09-19 Rolls Royce Plc Sensor arrangement

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DE602005002975T2 (de) * 2004-06-15 2008-08-07 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha, Toyota Verfahren zum Bestimmen von Abnormalitäten von Temperatursensoren, und Gerät für Energieversorgung
WO2009100052A1 (fr) * 2008-02-04 2009-08-13 Delta T Corporation Système de commande automatique pour ventilateur de plafond sur la base de différences de température

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WO2013113534A2 (fr) 2013-08-08
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