EP2809447B1 - Verfahren zur feinzerkleinerung mit zusatzstoffen von kohlenstoffhaltigem material, anlage zur kontinuierlichen verarbeitung von biomasse und anwendung zur vergasung - Google Patents

Verfahren zur feinzerkleinerung mit zusatzstoffen von kohlenstoffhaltigem material, anlage zur kontinuierlichen verarbeitung von biomasse und anwendung zur vergasung Download PDF

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EP2809447B1
EP2809447B1 EP13712911.0A EP13712911A EP2809447B1 EP 2809447 B1 EP2809447 B1 EP 2809447B1 EP 13712911 A EP13712911 A EP 13712911A EP 2809447 B1 EP2809447 B1 EP 2809447B1
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Prior art keywords
biomass
additives
chamber
particles
vibrating
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2809447A1 (de
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Thierry Chataing
Clément BAUW
Thierry MELKIOR
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
    • B02C19/16—Mills provided with vibrators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C21/00—Disintegrating plant with or without drying of the material
    • B02C21/007—Disintegrating plant with or without drying of the material using a combination of two or more drum or tube mills
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/06—Selection or use of additives to aid disintegrating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
    • B02C23/16—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator defining termination of crushing or disintegrating zone, e.g. screen denying egress of oversize material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
    • C10L5/36—Shape
    • C10L5/366—Powders
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • C10L5/447—Carbonized vegetable substances, e.g. charcoal, or produced by hydrothermal carbonization of biomass

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the mechanical treatment of a charge of carbonaceous material and more particularly to a process of fine grinding of such a charge, in particular of biomass.
  • fine grinding is meant grinding of the particles of the charge of carbonaceous material until micron or millimeter dimensions are obtained, that is to say up to hundreds of microns or even up to dimensions less than 5 millimeters.
  • the particles of ground carbonaceous material charge are of smaller dimensions than the particles of carbonaceous material charge of millimeter or micron dimensions which supply the inlet of the first chamber of the vibrating mill in accordance with the invention.
  • a first mechanical processing step is conventionally carried out and consists of coarse grinding (shredding for forest chips).
  • a second mechanical treatment step consecutive to the first is necessary and consists of fine grinding to give specific properties to the biomass powder.
  • it may be wood flour for the production of biofuels in the form of pellets.
  • the invention therefore more particularly relates to this second step of mechanical treatment of biomass, with a view to its injection in pulverized form in a downstream conversion reactor (gasification) or in a combustion or so-called co-combustion reactor (biomass and coal) in a coal-fired power plant or for its granulation to produce biofuels.
  • the invention advantageously applies to the gasification of biomass for the production of biofuels from synthesis gas widely known under the name Syngaz.
  • the process of fine grinding of biomass according to the invention is preferably carried out upstream of a powder conditioning / storage unit itself upstream of a gasification reactor for subsequently producing biofuels.
  • the mechanical treatment of biomass conventionally comprises a first stage of coarse grinding, generally at the place of harvest, which in particular makes it possible to facilitate transport and reduce its cost.
  • This first grinding step is carried out using a shredder (English shredder ) and leads to particles of centimeter or millimeter dimensions, typically forest chips in the wood industry. It is carried out using mills with proven technology (hammer, knife or scissor mill).
  • the coarsely ground particles thus constitute what are called the inputs in the gasification or biomass combustion pathways (cogeneration of heat and electricity, heat production, production of biofuels).
  • the size required for the biomass particles is of the order of a few hundred microns.
  • the powder obtained with a hammer mill has a more spread particle size distribution (publication [5]), which is a major drawback for flowability, that is to say the ability to flow, the powder as underlined in publications [6], [7].
  • Crushing by hammer mills occurs mainly by impact and attrition, which induces an elongated and deformed particle geometry, making appear hook-like projections along the fiber, called fibrils, which promote the interlacing effect. between particles, of cohesion between the grains and thereby the accentuation of the effect known under the name of vault effect in storage containers (silos): see publication [8]. It should also be noted that a longer mechanical treatment induces a high energy cost without fundamentally modifying the shape of the particles, since they are always crushed by hammers.
  • ball mills conventionally used for grinding coal operate by attrition and produce on fibrous materials elongated particles and a lot of fines.
  • biomass powders obtained that is to say finely ground prove to be difficult to transport, handle, inject into a downstream conversion reactor, because they tend to form agglomerates which generates vault effects , poor flowability ...
  • the first route consists of a mixed solution of thermal pre-treatment known as roasting combined with mechanical grinding by the grinder technologies already proven and mentioned above: hammer mills for fibrous materials ball mills for coal.
  • Roasting is a gentle heat treatment of biomass at the interface between drying and pyrolysis, generally carried out at temperatures between 200 and 350 ° C and which aims to remove water and modify part of the organic matter biomass to break its fibers.
  • this gentle heat treatment alters the fibrous structure of the biomass, thus facilitating its grinding. This makes it possible to reduce the energy cost of grinding and to obtain particles which are less fibrous, and therefore easier to transport, store and inject into a downstream reactor: see publication [11].
  • the powder obtained for advanced roasting of the biomass that is to say leading to a loss of mass greater than 30% by the operation, has characteristics close to those obtained with coal.
  • This allows to use the solution conventionally adopted for grinding and for powder injection which is pneumatic conveying (dense phase).
  • the intrinsic characteristics of biomass are the source of storage, transport and injection difficulties in thermochemical conversion reactors.
  • the thermal roasting pre-treatment makes it possible to solve the problem, but at an energy cost which could prove prohibitive. Assessments are currently underway.
  • the second way consists in the optimization either of crushers given according to the type of biomass or of complete chains of mechanical crushing.
  • the Esteban team explicitly proposes placing two grinders in series in order to optimize the energy cost of grinding: see publication [12].
  • the authors then worked on the integration of the assembly to optimize the energy cost of the chain and the particle size of the final product. They thus determined the particle size threshold at the outlet of the first mill, optimized the types of product recirculation.
  • the authors estimate that the cost of grinding on an industrial scale, that is to say for a flow rate of the order of 10 t / h, amounts to 120 to 150 kWh / t for forest chips (poplar or pine respectively).
  • the team of Siyi Luo et al. proposes a grinding chain capable of mechanically treating both wood (pine) and softer biomass (straw, stems, etc.): see publication [13].
  • the proposed chain makes it possible to reduce the dimensions of the particles up to values of 250 ⁇ m fixed by a cyclone downstream so that they can be used in a burner.
  • the proposed chain includes two grinders in series, with identical technology known as blades (in English "crushers").
  • the first crusher that is to say the one most upstream, has its axis which extends horizontally while the axis of the second crusher extends vertically.
  • the energy cost is evaluated at a value of 87 kWh / t for pine chips.
  • the general aim of the invention is to alleviate at least part of the drawbacks of the state of the art in the treatment of biomass and more generally of charge of carbonaceous material with a view to its injection in pulverized form in a reactor for conversion into downstream (gasification) or in a combustion or so-called co-combustion reactor (biomass and coal) in a coal-fired thermal power plant or with a view to its granulation to produce biofuels.
  • a particular aim is to propose a process for fine grinding of biomass, and more generally of charge of carbonaceous material, which improves the properties (flowability, aptitude for fluidization) of the powder obtained and this, at a lower energy cost.
  • it is sought according to the particular aim to avoid agglomerates of finely ground biomass powder in order to improve their capacities to be transported, handled, and injected into a conversion reactor downstream.
  • the invention relates to a process of fine grinding of a charge of carbonaceous material according to which the charge of carbonaceous material is introduced, in the form of particles of millimeter or micron size, at the input of a first vibrating type grinder chamber, the outlet of which is connected to the input of a second vibrating type crusher chamber, the first and second vibrating crusher chambers each comprising grinding bodies freely housed therein and suitable for grinding particles, a method according to which the first and second chambers are vibrated so as to crush the particles introduced on the one hand between the grinding body and on the other hand between these and the inner peripheral wall of each chamber.
  • additives of mineral matter and / or additives of plant material and / or additives of material of plant origin are added at the inlet of the second chamber of the second vibrating mill, the additives being in the form a micron-sized powder.
  • micron size powder is meant a powder whose particles have unit dimensions of less than 1 mm with, where appropriate, elementary particles of nanometric size, typically of the order of 100 nm.
  • the charge of carbonaceous material is biomass.
  • the inventors have thought of putting in series two chambers or stages of vibrating mills, which is advantageous from an energy cost point of view, and of introducing into the most downstream, that is to say one in which the biomass particles are already finely ground on a submillimetric scale, additives of mineral matter and / or vegetable matter and / or matter of vegetable origin, in the form a powder of micron size, preferably of size less than 5 ⁇ m.
  • an at least partial dry coating of the biomass particles is carried out, which makes it possible to improve the flowability properties and the fluidization ability of the powder finally obtained.
  • the very fine particles of additives of mineral matter and / or vegetable matter and / or matter of vegetable origin are brought into direct and close contact with the relatively larger particles of biomass, by application of mechanical forces. shear and impact for example.
  • the additives can be chosen from magnesium stearate (C36H70MgO4), silica in the form of microbeads, such as that sold under the trade name New reach SilicaFume NR950 and which contains 95% of SiO2 or even that marketed by the RHODIA company under the trade name Tixosil®68 and which contains 90% of amorphous silica or also under the name Tixosil®331.
  • the additives can also be based on particles of silicon oxides SiO 2 or containing CaCO3. In other words, according to the invention, additives are incorporated which allow proper operation of a downstream gasification reactor.
  • thermo-chemical conversion reactors Thanks to the process of fine grinding of biomass according to the invention, it is now possible to envisage carrying out on an industrial scale and continuously a gravity injection directly in thermo-chemical conversion reactors, which was not envisaged. to date due to the very poor flowability and / or fluidization ability of known biomass powders, with the undesirable arching effect which could occur.
  • flowability of the powder is meant the definition given in the publication [14], namely the ability to flow freely in a regular and constant manner in the form of individual particles.
  • the mineral composition of the additives is advantageously chosen so that they constitute a chemical mineral supplement required for the management of the ashes in a downstream gasification reactor.
  • the ash content of the biomass is very variable and very different in composition.
  • the publication [15] indicates that the wood typically contains 0.5-1% of ash with mostly calcium and potassium, while wheat straw contains 8% of ash with mostly potassium and silica.
  • two types of biomass there are significant differences in ash content and very different compositions. These differences directly impact the operation of a gasification reactor: operation with wood generates a very high required temperature for melting the ash, which requires the addition of additives (silica in this case) to adjust this temperature during operation. of the reactor, typically around 1300-1400 ° C.
  • the micron powder of mineral additives is rich in silicon or calcium (greater than 10% by mass).
  • the additive is for example based on particles of silicon oxides SiO 2 or based on microbead silica. If the treated biomass comes from agricultural residues with a low calcium content, the additives allowing the control of the gasification operation are preferably obtained from lime, that is to say a mixture of carbonate oxide of calcium CaCO 3 and magnesium oxide.
  • a pre-grinding step is advantageously carried out using a knife mill which produces a powder with particles. shorter (reduced length / diameter ratio) and a reduced level of fine particles ( ⁇ 30 ⁇ m).
  • a calibration of the particles by sieving also significantly improves the efficiency of fine grinding and shaping of the particles.
  • the sieving operation can be carried out so as to have particles of dimensions less than 500 ⁇ m.
  • a pre-grinding of the particles with unit dimensions of the order of a millimeter is carried out and the vibrating mill is used to adjust the shaping of the particles (remove the fibrils, round the angles and shorten their length).
  • the plant material additives are advantageously based on charcoal, such as charcoal and / or cereal straw charcoal.
  • the additives of plant material can also advantageously be based on roasted biomass, such as roasted wood, or roasted agricultural products, that is to say having previously undergone such as cereal straw, bark, shells (cherry stones, nut shells ).
  • the amount of additives of plant material added is between 0.5 and 20% by mass of the charge of carbonaceous material, more preferably between 5 and 10%. It has been found that the greater the quantity of additives added, the better the flowability obtained at the outlet of the vibrating mill. Thus, the preferred range is advantageous because it is a good compromise between on the one hand the improvement in flowability according to the invention and the cost of carrying out the process.
  • the additives of material of plant origin can advantageously be based on fossil coal. It is specified here that fossil coal (earth charcoal) comes from the degradation of vegetable organic matter and that it contains minerals the content of which can vary depending on the geographic area of coal extraction.
  • the dimensions of the particles of the charge of carbonaceous material introduced into the first vibrating mill chamber are substantially between 1 and 2 mm.
  • the dimensions of the micron powder of additives introduced into the second chamber of the vibrating mill are substantially less than 5 ⁇ m.
  • the dimensions of the particles of the charge of carbonaceous material obtained at the outlet of the second vibrating mill chamber are less than 800 ⁇ m, preferably less than 200 ⁇ m.
  • the grinding bodies of the vibrating mill freely housed inside the chamber consist of several sets of cylindrical bars of unitary diameter different from each other.
  • the invention also relates to a biomass treatment method according to which biomass is dried in the raw state, then the fine grinding process as described above is carried out by introducing at least the biomass into the vibrating mill chamber. dried.
  • the supply of dried biomass is made with a water content thereof in a range of 10 to 15%.
  • a pre-grinding of the dried biomass is carried out by introducing it into a chamber of a grinder of the knife or scissor type.
  • a knife or scissor mill includes, for example, notches made on a central shaft rotatably mounted in the chamber, the notches being adapted to tear off the particles of dried biomass against the internal peripheral wall of the chamber.
  • the dimensions of the particles of the pre-ground biomass are substantially greater than 1 mm.
  • a screening of the pre-crushed biomass is carried out upstream of the fine grinding process, and downstream of the pre-grinding of the dried biomass.
  • the sieving of the pre-ground biomass is carried out so as to carry out the process of fine grinding from particles with millimeter dimensions less than 2 mm or with micron dimensions less than 500 ⁇ m.
  • particles with millimeter dimensions greater than 2 mm are reintroduced into the knife mill.
  • the particles obtained are selected as a function of their dimensions so that they are less than 800 ⁇ m, preferably less than 200 ⁇ m.
  • a heat treatment of roasting with biomass is carried out, then the fine grinding process as described above is carried out by introducing the roasted biomass into the first chamber of the vibrating crusher.
  • the installation may further include a drying device upstream of the first vibrating mill chamber. It can also further comprise immediately downstream of the drying apparatus and upstream of the second vibrating mill chamber, a knife mill. It can also further comprise immediately downstream of the knife mill and immediately upstream of the first vibrating mill chamber, a sieving apparatus. Finally, it can further comprise a dynamic selector with variable speed immediately downstream of the second vibrating mill chamber, said dynamic selector being adapted to extract particles smaller than a desired diameter at the outlet of the second vibrating mill chamber.
  • the grinding bodies of the vibrating mill freely housed inside the chamber advantageously consist of several sets of cylindrical bars of different unit diameter between them.
  • the installation firstly comprises upstream a dryer 1 supplied with raw biomass treated to carry out its drying.
  • the raw biomass treated consists of forest chips, typically a few mm thick and a few cm long.
  • the flow rate of raw biomass treated is of the order of 1 t / h and the dryer 1 used is a rotary oven dryer, sold by the company MAGUIN.
  • This drying step makes it possible to have a reduced energy consumption of the pre-grinding operation immediately downstream on the one hand and allows the optimal operation of the grinding operation according to the invention on the other hand.
  • the knife mill 2 can be of the single-rotor type (FL / FNG / FNV) also operating at a flow rate of 1 t / h and marketed under the trade name Poittemill Forplex. To reduce the energy cost of this pre-grinding operation, care is taken to advantageously obtain at the outlet of the knife mill particles of dimensions at least equal to a millimeter.
  • a sieving operation is carried out continuously using a sieving device 3.
  • a sieving device 3 For example, it may be a vibrating sieve sold by the company RITEC, under the name of type MC.
  • particles larger than 2 mm are preferably reinjected into the knife mill 2.
  • the fraction thus withdrawn can be used as fuel to provide energy to the dryer 1.
  • particles of dimensions are obtained included approximately between 1 and 2 mm.
  • This sieving operation can also be carried out with a device for screening mesh openings of micrometric (micron) dimensions so as to obtain, at the output of the device, particles of dried biomass of micron dimensions, typically between 0 and 500 ⁇ m or between 0 and 200 ⁇ m.
  • a micron powder of additives 4 (CaCO 3 + SiO2 or silica) is introduced at the inlet of the second chamber 7 of the vibrating mill, concomitantly with the passage of the biomass particles already finely ground in the first chamber 5 of the vibrating mill. microbead ).
  • the additives 4 can be continuously micronized to a diameter of less than 20 ⁇ m, preferably less than 5 ⁇ m by means of a micronization mill 6.
  • the first and second chambers, respectively 5 and 7, of vibrating mill can be made in the same device.
  • it may be that marketed by the company RITEC under the name Palla 50U (90 kW) which incorporates two grinding stages or in other words two chambers in the same device.
  • Palla 50U 90 kW
  • steel bodies can preferably be used in the form of solid cylindrical bars. More preferably, the cylindrical bars used can have a diameter between 10 and 60 mm, preferably between 20 and 50 mm.
  • the grinding bodies can also be either in the form of balls or in the form of cylpebs.
  • the grinding bodies have different unit dimensions from one another.
  • the micronization mill 6 of the additives 4 can also be a vibrating type mill, marketed by the company RITEC, under the name laboratory / pilot (2.2 kW), and its operating rate can be equal at 10 kg / h.
  • the fine grinding according to the invention then advantageously combines the effect of the second chamber 7 of the vibrating mill and the finely ground additives 4 (micron powder). In this way, at least a partial coating of the biomass particles already crushed in the first chamber 5 of the vibrating mill is carried out in a dry process. This improves the flowability and fluidization properties of the powder. This avoids, at the very least, considerably reduces the vaulting effect of such a powder conventionally observed in storage silos.
  • the additives 4 have a mineral composition which is best chosen to control the melting temperature of the ashes in a downstream gasification reactor.
  • the particles with unit dimensions less than 30 ⁇ m are extracted using a dynamic selector 6.
  • the dynamic selector 6 may be that marketed by the company RHEWUM under the name of type AQ. This extraction is advantageous because the very fine particles reduce the flow property of the powder.
  • This extracted fraction can be used as a combustion product directly in a reactor conversion downstream and / or as a combustion product directly in the dryer 1 upstream, which further reduces the energy cost.
  • the dried, pre-crushed and sieved biomass particles are introduced concomitantly with particles of abrasive mineral material 4 'at the inlet of the chamber of a vibrating mill 5.
  • the fine grinding according to the invention by coating the biomass particles with the additives is thus advantageously supplemented by the effect of the first chamber 5 of the vibrating mill and of the abrasive mineral particles 4 'injected.
  • the first vibrating mill chamber 5 operates in semi-autogenic operation with the grinding powder 4 'mineral abrasive with particle sizes equal to 3 mm.
  • the injected mineral abrasive particles 4 ′ are based on particles of silicon oxides SiO 2 .
  • they have a chemical composition with an SiO2 content greater than 80%.
  • it can be silica (sand) or quartz for example.
  • the quantity of abrasive powder 4 ′ can advantageously be adjusted with the micron powder of additives 4 injected so as to have an ash melting temperature adjusted to the operating temperature of the downstream gasification reactor.
  • relative proportions are chosen between additives 4 containing CaO and the abrasive powder 4 ′ containing at least 80% of SiO2 in a range which can vary between 35% and 65% of each of these two constituents, namely CaO and SiO 2 , in order to have an operating temperature of a downstream gasification reactor of between 1436 and 1460 ° C.
  • the biomass having previously undergone a heat roasting treatment step is introduced directly at the input of the first chamber 5 of the vibrating mill.
  • They may be forest chips that have been shredded beforehand to unit dimensions of 50 mm and roasted.
  • the avalanche angle which is a characteristic of a powder flow: the lower the angle, the better the powder flows.
  • the avalanche angle of each sample was measured using a device sold under the name REVOLUTION by the company MERCURY SCIENTIFIC. This device comprises a drum rotating on itself and inside which is placed the powder which one seeks to measure the avalanche angle.
  • silica additives in the form of microbeads, which are those sold by the company RHODIA under the trade name Tixosil®331.
  • the figure 3 illustrates the number of occurrences (measurements) for an avalanche angle given for natural beech wood powder respectively without additive, with 1% by added mass of Tixosil®331 and with 2% by added mass of Tixosil®331. It is clear that the average avalanche angle measured is lower for a larger amount of Tixosil®331 added. In other words, the flowability of natural beech powder under free flow conditions is improved by the addition of Tixosil®331 mineral additives. This improvement is all the greater the greater the quantity of additive.
  • a third series of tests was also carried out with the same Tixosil®331 mineral additives, but with a powder of spruce wood with particle sizes between 0 and 200 ⁇ m and for a single batch.
  • the graph of the figure 4 illustrates the results obtained for these second and third series of tests: it appears that the measured avalanche angle is smaller for a larger quantity of Tixosil®331 added for each batch and regardless of the nature of the wood (beech natural or spruce).
  • the flowability of the wood powder under free flow conditions is improved by the addition of Tixosil®331 mineral additives whatever the nature (natural beech or spruce) of the wood.
  • the improvement in flowability is greater the greater the quantity of Tixosil®331 mineral additive.
  • an added amount of Tixosil®331 mineral matter additives by 2% by mass decreases the value of the avalanche angle by 58 ° (without additive ) at 50 °.
  • the figure 5 illustrates the number of occurrences (measurements) for an avalanche angle given for wood flour (sawdust) with particle sizes between 0 and 200 ⁇ m, respectively without additive and with ten% by mass ( ⁇ 50% ) added fossil coal. It is clear that the average avalanche angle measured is smaller when adding fossil coal. In other words, the flowability of the wood flour powder under free flow conditions is improved by the addition of additives of fossil coal.
  • the figure 6 illustrates the number of occurrences (measurements) for an avalanche angle given for natural beech powder with particle sizes between 0 and 200 ⁇ m, respectively without additive and with 10% added mass of charcoal. It is clear that the average avalanche angle measured is lower when adding charcoal. In other words, the flowability of natural beech powder under free flow conditions is improved by the addition of charcoal additives.
  • the installation can be used for the fine grinding of other charges of carbonaceous material (coal, petcoke ).

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Claims (15)

  1. Verfahren zur Feinmahlung von kohlenstoffhaltigem Aufgabegut, bei dem kohlenstoffhaltiges Aufgabegut in Form von Partikeln mit Größen im Millimeter- oder Mikrometerbereich dem Einlass einer ersten Schwingmühlenkammer (5) zugeführt wird, deren Auslass mit dem Einlass einer zweiten Schwingmühlenkammer (7) verbunden ist, wobei die erste und die zweite Schwingmühlenkammer jeweils Mahlkörper umfassen, die frei in ihrem Inneren aufgenommen sind und geeignet sind, Partikel zu mahlen, wobei bei dem Verfahren die erste und die zweite Kammer so in Schwingung versetzt werden, dass die zugeführten Partikel zum einen zwischen den Mahlkörpern und zum anderen zwischen diesen und der Umfangsinnenwand jeder Kammer zerkleinert werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem Einlass der zweiten Schwingmühlenkammer (7) ferner Additive (4) von mineralischem Material und/oder Additive von pflanzlichem Material und/oder Additive von Material pflanzlichen Ursprungs zugeführt werden, wobei die Additive in Form eines Pulvers mit einer Größe im Mikrometerbereich vorliegen.
  2. Verfahren zur Feinmahlung nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Additive von mineralischem Material auf Siliciumoxidpartikeln SiO2 oder CaCO3 enthaltenden Partikeln oder auf Siliciumdioxid in Form von Mikroperlen basieren.
  3. Verfahren zur Feinmahlung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem die Additive von pflanzlichem Material auf Kohle wie Holzkohle und/oder Getreidestrohkohle und/oder auf torrefizierter Biomasse wie torrefiziertem Holz oder torrefizierten landwirtschaftlichen Erzeugnissen und/oder auf fossiler Kohle basieren.
  4. Verfahren zur Feinmahlung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem die Menge der zugegebenen Additive von pflanzlichem Material zwischen 0,5 und 20 Gew.-% des kohlenstoffhaltigen Aufgabeguts beträgt, bevorzugt zwischen 5 und 10 Gew.-%.
  5. Verfahren zur Feinmahlung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem die Größen des der zweiten Schwingmühlenkammer (7) zugeführten Additivpulvers im Mikrometerbereich im Wesentlichen weniger als 5 µm betragen.
  6. Verfahren zur Feinmahlung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem die Größen der Partikel des kohlenstoffhaltigen Aufgabeguts, die im Auslass der zweiten Schwingmühlenkammer (7) erhalten werden, im Wesentlichen weniger als 800 µm, bevorzugt weniger als 200 µm betragen.
  7. Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Biomasse, bei dem Biomasse im Rohzustand getrocknet wird, dann das Verfahren zur Feinmahlung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche ausgeführt wird, wobei die zumindest getrocknete Biomasse der ersten Schwingmühlenkammer (5) zugeführt wird.
  8. Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Biomasse nach Anspruch 7, bei dem vor dem Verfahren zur Feinmahlung eine Vormahlung der getrockneten Biomasse ausgeführt wird, wobei diese einer Kammer einer Messer- oder Schneidmühle zugeführt wird.
  9. Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Biomasse nach Anspruch 8, bei dem vor dem Verfahren zur Feinmahlung und nach der Vormahlung der getrockneten Biomasse eine Siebung der vorgemahlenen Biomasse ausgeführt wird.
  10. Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Biomasse nach Anspruch 9, bei dem die Siebung der vorgemahlenen Biomasse so ausgeführt wird, dass das Verfahren zur Feinmahlung ausgehend von Partikeln mit Größen im Millimeterbereich unter 2 mm oder mit Größen im Mikrometerbereich unter 500 µm ausgeführt wird.
  11. Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Biomasse, bei dem eine thermische Torrefizierungsbehandlung an Biomasse ausgeführt wird, dann das Verfahren zur Feinmahlung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 ausgeführt wird, wobei torrefizierte Biomasse der ersten Schwingmühlenkammer zugeführt wird.
  12. Anlage zur kontinuierlichen Aufbereitung von Biomasse, die dazu bestimmt ist, das Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 11 umzusetzen, umfassend:
    - eine erste Schwingmühlenkammer (5),
    - eine zweite Schwingmühlenkammer (7), deren Einlass mit dem Auslass der ersten Schwingmühlenkammer verbunden ist;
    - eine Mikronisierungsmühle (6) zum Mahlen der Additive (4) von mineralischem Material und/oder von pflanzlichem Material und/oder von Material pflanzlichen Ursprungs in Form eines Pulvers mit einer Größe im Mikrometerbereich, wobei der Auslass der Mikronisierungsmühle mit dem Einlass der zweiten Schwingmühlenkammer (7) verbunden ist.
  13. Anlage zur kontinuierlichen Aufbereitung von Biomasse nach Anspruch 12, umfassend ferner unmittelbar nach dem Trocknungsgerät und vor der zweiten Schwingmühlenkammer eine Messermühle (2).
  14. Anlage zur kontinuierlichen Aufbereitung von Biomasse nach einem der Ansprüche 12 oder 13, umfassend ferner unmittelbar nach der zweiten Schwingmühlenkammer einen dynamischen Sichter mit variabler Geschwindigkeit (6), wobei der dynamische Sichter geeignet ist, im Auslass der zweiten Schwingmühlenkammer Partikel abzuführen, die kleiner als ein gewünschter Durchmesser sind.
  15. Anlage zur kontinuierlichen Aufbereitung von Biomasse nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 14, bei der die im Inneren der Kammer frei aufgenommenen Mahlkörper der Schwingmühle aus mehreren Sätzen zylindrischer Stäbe mit unterschiedlichem einheitlichem Durchmesser bestehen.
EP13712911.0A 2012-02-03 2013-02-01 Verfahren zur feinzerkleinerung mit zusatzstoffen von kohlenstoffhaltigem material, anlage zur kontinuierlichen verarbeitung von biomasse und anwendung zur vergasung Active EP2809447B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR1251026A FR2986443B1 (fr) 2012-02-03 2012-02-03 Procede de broyage fin de charge de matiere carbonee avec ajouts d'additifs, installation de traitement en continu de biomasse et application a la gazeification associee.
PCT/IB2013/050863 WO2013114328A1 (fr) 2012-02-03 2013-02-01 Procede de broyage fin d'une charge de matiere carbonee avec ajouts d'additifs, installation de traitement en continu de biomasse et application a la gazeification associees

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FR3026655A1 (fr) * 2014-10-01 2016-04-08 Commissariat Energie Atomique Dispositif de reduction de la taille de particules de biomasse a fonctionnement continu
US20180280989A1 (en) * 2015-10-27 2018-10-04 Construction Research & Technology, Gmbh Grinding additive for carbonaceous solid
FR3068708B1 (fr) 2017-07-07 2020-09-18 Ifp Energies Now Procede de traitement de la biomasse par co-broyage avec une charge fossile
FR3082850B1 (fr) 2018-06-21 2021-01-08 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procede de traitement de la biomasse par co-broyage avec une seconde charge de biomasse
FR3117383A1 (fr) * 2020-12-11 2022-06-17 Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement Procédé de traitement d’une biomasse lignocellulosique, pour améliorer sa comminution en voie sèche et/ou pour améliorer son écoulement sous forme de poudre

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LU57999A1 (de) * 1969-02-13 1970-09-08
DE19832304A1 (de) * 1998-07-17 2000-01-20 Reiner Weichert Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Ultrafein-Mahlung von festen Materialien
US6833185B2 (en) 2002-07-12 2004-12-21 The University Of Western Ontario Fluidization additives to fine powders
US7878430B2 (en) * 2006-11-20 2011-02-01 The University Of Western Ontario Method and apparatus for uniformly dispersing additive particles in fine powders
US8100990B2 (en) * 2011-05-15 2012-01-24 Avello Bioenery, Inc. Methods for integrated fast pyrolysis processing of biomass

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FR2986443A1 (fr) 2013-08-09

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