EP2808161A1 - Roller compressor device for compacting waste materials and recyclable material - Google Patents

Abstract

A roller compacting apparatus for compacting refuse and recyclables, comprising a support member rotatably supporting a drivable compressor roller provided with a plurality of cam members on the outside thereof, the compressor roller coaxially adjacent to the support member each comprising a roller pair having two sub-rollers a first sub-roller of each pair of rollers is coupled to a arranged on the support element drive means and a second part roller of each pair of rollers is coupled elastically and / or with rotational angular play to the first part roller.

Description

The invention relates to a roller compacting device for compacting waste and valuable materials, with a particular supported on a movable boom support member on which a drivable compressor roller is rotatably provided on its outside with a plurality of driver elements, wherein the compressor roller adjacent to the support element Coaxially comprises a pair of rollers with two sub-rollers. Such a roller compressor device is approximately from the EP 1 046 490 B1 or off DE 20 2011 000 241 U1 known.

Although the known apparatuses are basically satisfactory, when compacting mixed wastes, it has been found that sometimes the crushing action due to rupture of the material under the compactor roll is not always satisfactory and in some cases requires an increased processing time. An arrangement of counter-driven part rollers has proven itself in principle, but brings a relatively high design effort and corresponding manufacturing costs.

The object of the invention is to further develop a known roller compactor device in such a way that an improved crushing and compacting effect is achieved with the least possible constructive effort.

This object is achieved in a generic roller compactor device by the measure that a first part roller of each pair of rollers is coupled to a arranged on the support member drive means and a second part roller of each pair of rollers is coupled elastically and / or Drehwinkelspiel to the first part roller.

This results in operation due to the mechanical resistance exerted by the waste to be compacted on the second part roller, a relative rotation of the second part roller with respect to the first, directly driven part roller, depending on the specific way of coupling the second sub-roller, the entrainment of the second sub-roller by the first sub-roller is different. The coupling of the second sub-roller to the first sub-roller can be referred to as passive coupling, since only the first sub-roller has its own active drive and entrains the second sub-roller.

In a first variant in which between the first and second sub-rollers of each pair of rollers, a clutch with a structurally predetermined rotation angle clearance is arranged entrainment of the second sub-roller by the rotational movement of the first sub-roller forcibly after a relative rotation about the predetermined rotation angle in the manner of a in the direction of rotation effective game. The design of the clutch or an angle stop limits a relative rotation between the sub-rollers.

In a second variant, in which a torsion spring element is arranged between the first and second sub-rollers of each pair of rollers, a restoring torque which increases with the relative angle of rotation results in a relative rotation of the first and second sub-rollers, this being in the sense of returning the relative position of the second sub-roller acts in the direction of a starting position with respect to the first part roller.

Both measures can be combined, wherein, for example, a torsion spring element can be provided with a mechanical stop, so that a rotation is possible only up to a maximum relative angle of rotation, and / or a torsion spring can be combined with a predetermined rotation angle play, that a restoring moment is built up by the torsion spring only after reaching a predetermined relative angle of rotation or play.

There is the possibility that the torsion spring element comprises a torsion spring made of an elastomer material or metal. In particular, the torsion spring element may comprise at least one resilient element which is arranged between the first and second sub-rollers.

In a preferred embodiment, it may be provided that the first part roller has a first coupling region arranged coaxially with its axis of rotation and having a plurality of first contact surfaces arranged polygonal in cross section, and the second part roller having a second coupling region arranged coaxially with the axis of rotation and having a plurality of polygonal polygonal sections having second contact surfaces, wherein the first contact surfaces radially opposite the second contact surfaces and form in the circumferential direction narrowing spaces in which elastic coupling body are arranged. In this case, the coupling body may be, for example, spherical or cylindrical, and the contact surfaces are preferably flat and extend in the tangential direction with respect to the axis of rotation of the sub-rollers.

The inventive concept of a passive coupling of a sub-roll to a directly driven sub-roll is expandable, so that, for example, each pair of rollers at least one further second sub-roller can be assigned, the elastic and / or Drehwinkelspiel to the first sub-roller or to the second sub-roller or to a further second part roller is coupled. For example, a second partial roller can be coupled to a driven first partial roller in the axial direction on both sides that the directly driven sub-roller is located between two coupled sub-rollers. Alternatively or additionally, a second second roller may be passively coupled to a passively coupled second sub-roller.

A further development of the invention is that a uniform or for each pair of rollers own, controllable locking means is provided for the compressor roller, with which the first sub-roller with one or more second sub-rollers or a second sub-roller with another second sub-roller rotatably connected. By operating the locking means, the effect of a one-piece roller pair or a one-piece compressor roller can be temporarily achieved. Here, the locking means may be formed, for example, as a mechanical clutch or as a braking device, wherein preferably a mechanical, electrical or hydraulic actuation is provided, with which the locking means is operable from an operating unit.

As an alternative to a solution with a spring or an elastic element, the torsion spring element may comprise at least one piston / cylinder unit which can operate pneumatically or hydraulically and which is arranged to act between the first and second sub-rollers of at least one pair of rollers. For example, one piston rod of the piston / cylinder unit may be coupled to the other (first or second) sub-roller, and one cylinder of the piston / cylinder unit may be coupled to the second or first sub-roller such that upon relative rotation of the first and second sub-rollers a displacement of a pressure medium contained in the piston / cylinder unit is carried out. The at least one piston / cylinder unit can be connected to a pressure accumulator as energy storage. In this case, a hydraulic throttle may be provided, so that a damping effect is achieved. In addition, a check valve may be provided in parallel with the throttle, so that the pressure medium in a first direction of rotation of the second sub-roller relative to the first sub-roller partly bypassing the throttle, is fed through the open check valve in the pressure accumulator and in the opposite direction of rotation with the check valve closed over the throttle slowed down can flow back. In this way, an excessively fast return movement of the second part roller is avoided after a relative rotation.

The piston / cylinder unit can be designed to be double-acting.

Finally, it is within the scope of the invention that at least one pair of rollers has partial rollers with different diameters and / or with different axial lengths. In this case, the sub-rollers may have a different core diameter, i. without consideration of the driver elements, if available, or different outer diameters, taking into account the driver elements, if any.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Seitenansicht einer an einem Ausleger gehaltenen Verdichterwalze zeigt,

Fig. 2

eine Draufsicht auf eine Anordnung nach Fig. 1 mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Verdichterwalze zum Verdichten von Abfällen in einem nach oben offenen Container zeigt,

Fig. 3

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Verdichterwalze zeigt,

Fig. 4

eine schematische Längsschnittansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Verdichterwalze zeigt, und

Fig. 5

eine seitliche Draufsicht auf die Verdichterwalze nach Fig. 4 zeigt,

Fig. 6

eine schematische Ansicht einer Antriebsanordnung für eine erfindungsgemäße Verdichterwalze zeigt,

Fig. 7

eine perspektivische Ansicht der Antriebsanordnung nach Fig. 6 zeigt,

Fig. 8

eine schematische Querschnittsansicht einer Ausführungsform einer Kopplung zwischen zwei Teilwalzen zeigt, und

Fig. 9

eine schematische Seitenansicht einer Kopplung zwischen zwei Teilwalzen mittels Kolben-/Zylindereinheiten zeigt.

The invention will be explained with reference to an embodiment, reference being made to a drawing in which

Fig. 1

FIG. 2 shows a schematic side view of a compacting roller held on a cantilever, FIG.

Fig. 2

a plan view of an arrangement according to Fig. 1 with a compacting roller according to the invention for compacting waste in an upwardly open container,

Fig. 3

shows a perspective view of a compacting roller according to the invention,

Fig. 4

shows a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a compressor roller according to the invention, and

Fig. 5

a lateral plan view of the compressor roller after Fig. 4 shows,

Fig. 6

shows a schematic view of a drive arrangement for a compressor roller according to the invention,

Fig. 7

a perspective view of the drive assembly according to Fig. 6 shows,

Fig. 8

shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a coupling between two sub-rollers, and

Fig. 9

a schematic side view of a coupling between two sub-rollers by means of piston / cylinder units shows.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic side view of a boom 2, which carries a compressor roller 4 at its free end. The cantilever arm 2 is pivotally supported about a pivot axis 6 on a support arm 8, which also at its lower end, not shown, pivotable about a horizontal pivot axis and possibly rotatable about a vertical axis of rotation to a stationary or movable basic unit of a roller compressor device. The compressor roller 4 is rotatably driven about an axis of rotation 10 and has on its outer peripheral surface a number of driver elements 12, which serve the crushing and compaction of waste.

The top view according Fig. 2 illustrates the operation of the roller compactor device, wherein the compressor roller 4 by means of the support and extension arms 2, 8 substantially horizontally reciprocated and simultaneously rotated. Waste and recyclables, which are located in an open-topped container 15, thereby crushed and compressed, with a redeployment of the waste takes place, so that a compaction is achieved.

The perspective view of the compressor roller 4 in Fig. 3 shows first a support member 14, with which the compressor roller 4 is fixed to the cantilever arm 2 and against which the rotating parts are rotatably mounted. Next shows Fig. 3 , as well as hint Fig. 2 in that the compressor roller 4 consists of two pairs of rollers 16 arranged on either side of the support element 14, each of which in turn is formed by two sub-rollers, a first sub-roller 18 and a second sub-roller 20. In the illustrated embodiment, the first sub-roller 18 of each roller pair 16 is driven and is located immediately adjacent to the support member 14, while the second support roller 20 is disposed adjacent to the first support roller 18 on its side facing away from the support member 14 side and not directly driven in the manner yet to be explained, but mechanically coupled to the first support roller 18 is.

Fig. 4 shows a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the compaction roller 4, wherein first the support member 14 and the two roller pairs 16 with first part rollers 18 and second part rollers 20 can be seen. The support element 14 is connected to a drive device 22 whose output shafts 24 each carry a mounting flange 26. On the mounting flange 26 by means of fastening bolts 28 on the one hand a first support roller 18 and on the other hand a flange 30 is held, wherein the flange 30 carries a bearing assembly 32 which serves to support the second part roller 20 on the first part roller 18, wherein the second part roller relative to the first sub-roller 18 is rotatable about the axis of rotation 10. The second sub-roller 28 is therefore due to their storage on the bearing assembly 32 relative to the first sub-roller 18 basically freely rotatable, limited by the yet to be explained coupling between the first and second sub-roller.

Fig. 5 shows an end-side plan view of the compressor roller 4, with the second part roller 20, the driver elements 12 and the support member 14, as described above, the attachment of the compressor roller 4 to a support arm, such as the boom 2, is used. The support member 14 is attached to the drive means 22, which in different views together with the output shafts 24 and mounting flanges 26 in Fig. 6 and 7 is shown. The drive device 22 has a number of drive motors 40, which may be formed as electric or hydraulic motors and drive a central, not shown gear, which is rotatably mounted in the drive means 22 about the rotation axis 10. From the gear, the driving force is transmitted to the output shafts 24 and from there to the first support rollers 18 as described above. Although it is sufficient in many cases when both pairs of rollers 16 are driven in the same direction, for example by means of a rigid central drive shaft connecting the two output shafts 24 together, it may be useful in other cases, when the two pairs of rollers 16 are driven in opposite directions, as in the DE 20 2011 000 241 U1 is described. For this purpose, the drive device 22 may have a suitable transmission with which the output shafts 24 can be driven in opposite directions.

Fig. 8 shows a schematic sectional view corresponding to lines VIII-VIII in Fig. 4 wherein the first sub-roller 18 and the flange 30 can be seen while the bearing assembly 32 is not shown in section. Further shows Fig. 8 an example of a coupling between the first and second sub-rollers, with a first coupling region, which is arranged coaxially to the rotation axis 10 and rotatably connected to the first sub-roller 18, and a second coupling region, which is arranged coaxially to the rotation axis 10 and with the second Partial roller 20 is rotatably connected. The first coupling region comprises a plurality of, in the example shown, four polygonal cross-sectionally arranged first abutment surfaces 42. The abutment surfaces 42 are arranged in the illustrated example in cross-section in the form of four sides of a square, with each abutment surface 42 parallel and spaced from the Rotary axis 10 is arranged. Correspondingly, the second coupling region comprises a plurality of, in the illustrated example, four abutment surfaces 44, which are connected to the second sub-roller and, viewed in cross-section, form the sides of a square. The contact surfaces 44 are arranged parallel to and at a distance from the axis of rotation 10, wherein their distance from the axis of rotation 10 is less than the distance of the contact surfaces 42 of the axis of rotation 10th

As Fig. 8 shows, the first contact surfaces 42 are the second contact surfaces 44 radially opposite and form spaces 46 which narrow in the circumferential direction. in the illustrated example, the spaces 46 have a substantially triangular cross-section.

In the spaces 46 elastic coupling body 48 are arranged, which may be spherical or cylindrical with parallel to the axis of rotation 10 axis.

Without the coupling body 48, the second sub-roller 20 is freely rotatable with the second coupling region comprising the second abutment surfaces 44 about the rotation axis 10 relative to the first sub-roller 18 with the first coupling region comprising the first abutment surfaces 42. However, if the coupling body 48 are provided, the contact surfaces 44 are only limited relative to the first contact surfaces 42 rotatable, depending on the elasticity or hardness of the coupling body. In a relative rotation between the first and second sub-rollers, the intermediate spaces 46 change their shape, whereby the coupling bodies are deformed, so that a rising with increasing relative angle of rotation counter-torque is built up in the sense of a restoring force in the direction of the Fig. 8 shown neutral or rest position of the sub-rollers acts.

Unlike in Fig. 8 shown, the coupling portions of the sub-rollers seen in cross-section three triangular, five pentagonal, six hexagonal or more polygonal arranged contact surfaces, between which three, five, six or more elastic coupling body can be arranged.

Instead of in Fig. 4 and 8th shown coupling between the two sub-rollers 18, 20 may be provided any other embodiment of an elastic coupling, which allows a relative rotation between the sub-rollers and leads with increasing angle of rotation, starting from an initial or rest position, to an increasing restoring moment. For example, a torsion spring element may be arranged between the first and second sub-rollers of each pair of rollers, for example of an elastomer material or of metal.

It can be provided that the maximum relative angle of rotation between the two sub-rollers of a roller pair is at most 30 °, 60 °, 120 °, 180 °, 270 ° or 360 °, or even more, regardless of the concrete embodiment of the coupling

As an alternative or in addition to an elastic coupling between the first and second sub-rollers, it can be provided that the second sub-roller of a pair of rollers is coupled to the first sub-roller with an angular play. In the context of the invention, a rotational angle clearance means that the sub-rollers in the range of a predetermined angle of rotation are completely freely rotatable against each other, apart from unavoidable friction, without a torque or restoring torque is built up. Such a rotation angle clearance can for example be between 10 ° and 360 ° or between 30 ° and 180 °. This solution can be realized in that between the first and second sub-rollers of one or each pair of rollers, a clutch is arranged with a structurally predetermined rotation angle clearance.

Of course, both solutions can be combined with each other, so that, for example, starting from a rest position, a rotational angular play is present, for example 30 °, within this range no restoring moment is established, and at a rotation of the second part roller relative to the first part roller on the rotational angular play In addition, a restoring moment is built up. For this purpose, a stop limiting the relative movement can be provided which, for example, permits a maximum rotation of 120 °.

It is within the scope of the invention to couple more than a second sub-roller to a directly driven first sub-roller, wherein for example on both sides of a first sub-roller each have a second sub-roller can be arranged, so to speak left and right of a first sub-roller respectively a second sub-roller, or it For example, a further second sub-roller may be coupled to a second sub-roller, which in turn is coupled to a first sub-roller, whereby a kind of series connection is realized. In one In such a case, the further second sub-roller is rotated by rotation of the second sub-roller, so that when a rotational angle clearance is provided, the first sub-roller only after passing through the rotational angular play exerts a driving force on the second sub-roller, and this in turn only after passing through a Drehwinkelspiels applied to the other second part of the roller with a driving force.

The respective extent of the rotation angle clearance and the elastic properties of the coupling between the second and the first part roller can, of course, be matched to the waste material to be processed in each case. In particular, in the case of two or more second sub-rollers, which are coupled to one and the same first sub-roller, it is possible to provide different rotational angular clearances and / or different elasticity properties of the elastic coupling in the individual second sub-rollers. For example, the further second sub-roller may be coupled to the second sub-roller with a larger or smaller angular clearance than the rotational angular play with which the second sub-roller is coupled to the first sub-roller, and / or the further second sub-roller may be provided with a softer or harder elastic coupling coupled to the second sub-roller, as the second sub-roller is coupled to the first sub-roller. A softer coupling means that based on a specific relative angle of rotation, a smaller restoring torque is built up than with a hard coupling.

Fig. 9 shows a pneumatic or hydraulic design of a torsion spring element, wherein between the first part roller and the second part roller of a roller pair 16, not shown, at least one, in the example shown two piston / cylinder units 50, 52 are arranged. Piston rods 54 of the piston / cylinder units 50, 52 are pivotally coupled to the mounting flange 26 and thereby coupled to the first sub-roller 18, while cylinders 56 of the piston / cylinder units 50, 52 are pivotally hinged to the second sub-roller 20, not shown. In a relative rotation between the first and second sub-rollers 18, 20 thus results in an opposite movement of the piston rods 54 in the cylinders 56. The piston / cylinder units 50, 52 may be single or double acting, in the example shown a simple effective design is provided and the cylinder chambers are connected via lines 57 with pressure accumulators 58.

In a relative rotation of the first and second sub-rollers 18, 20 thus the pressure accumulator 58 are charged by the displaced from the cylinder chambers pressure medium (air, gas, hydraulic fluid) and can deliver the stored energy at an opposite relative rotation again.

In the connecting lines between the piston / cylinder units 50, 52 and the pressure accumulators 58, a check valve 60 and a throttle 62 may be provided in parallel arrangement, wherein the circuit is such that the pressure accumulator 58 in a first rotational direction of the second part roller relative to first sub-roller are charged with open check valve bypassing the throttle and the stored energy is discharged in the opposite direction with closed check valve under flow of the pressure medium through the throttle. This achieves damping and prevents the second part roller from turning back excessively fast.

In an alternative circuit variant it could be provided that the cylinder chambers of the piston / cylinder units are connected to one another only via connecting lines and throttles arranged therein, so that only a damping of the relative rotation of the sub-rollers is achieved, but not an energy storage.

Instead of piston / cylinder units with throttles or accumulators, one or more gas springs may be provided, which is operatively arranged between the sub-rollers of a pair of rollers or are. <U> LIST OF REFERENCES </ u> 2 boom 57 cables 4 compressor roll 58 accumulator 6 swivel axis 60 check valve 8th support arm 62 throttle 10 axis of rotation d1, d2 Roll diameter (from 18, 20) 12 dogging D1, D2 Outer diameter (from 18, 20) 14 supporting member L1, L2 axial length (from 18, 20) 15 Container 16 roller pair 18 first part roller 20 second part roll 22 driving means 24 output shaft 26 mounting flange 28 mounting bolts 30 flange 32 bearing arrangement 40 drive motor 42 first contact surface 44 second contact surface 46 gap 48 clutch body 50 first piston / cylinder unit 52 second piston / cylinder unit 54 piston rod 56 cylinder

Claims (15)

A roller compacting apparatus for compacting refuse and recyclables, comprising a support member (14) rotatably supported by a drivable compressor roller (4) provided with a plurality of cam elements (12) on its outside, the compressor roller (4) adjacent to a roller pair (16) with two sub-rollers (18, 20) coaxially in each case, characterized in that a first sub-roller (18) of each roller pair is coupled to a drive device (22) arranged on the carrier element (14) and a second sub-roller (20) of each roller pair (16) is coupled elastically and / or with rotational angular play to the first sub-roller (18). Roller compactor device according to claim 1, characterized in that between the first and second part rollers (18, 20) of each pair of rollers (16) is arranged a coupling with a structurally predetermined angle of rotation clearance. Roller compactor device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a torsion spring element is arranged between the first and second partial rollers (18, 20) of each pair of rollers (16). Roller compactor device according to claim 3, characterized in that the torsion spring element is associated with a drehwinkelbegrenzender stop. Roller compactor device according to one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that the torsion spring element comprises a torsion spring made of an elastomer material or of metal. Roller compactor device according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the torsion spring element comprises at least one resilient element (48) which is arranged between the first and the second part roller (18, 20). Roller compactor device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first part roller (18) has a coaxial with its axis of rotation (10) arranged first coupling region with a plurality of seen in cross-section polygon-like first contact surfaces (42), and the second part roller (20) coaxial with its axis of rotation (10) arranged second coupling region having a plurality of polygonal cross-sectionalally arranged second contact surfaces (44), said first contact surfaces (42) the second abutment surfaces (44) radially opposite and circumferentially narrowing spaces (46) form, in which elastic coupling body (48) are arranged as resilient elements. Roller compactor device according to claim 7, characterized in that the abutment surfaces (42, 44) are planar and extend in the tangential direction with respect to the axis of rotation (10). Roller compactor device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each roller pair (16) is associated with at least one further second part roller, the elastic and / or with angular play to the first part roller (18), the second part roller (20) or to a further second Part roller is coupled. Roller compactor device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for the compactor roller (4) a uniform or for each roller pair (16) a separate, controllable locking means is provided, with which the part rollers (18, 20) of one or both pairs of rollers (16). rotatably connected to each other. Roller compactor device according to claim 10, characterized in that the locking means is designed as a mechanical clutch or as a braking device, wherein a mechanical, electrical or hydraulic actuation is provided, which can be actuated by an operating unit. Roller compacting device according to one of claims 1 to 4 or 9 to 11, thus dependent on any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the torsion spring element comprises at least one pneumatic or hydraulic piston / cylinder unit (50, 52) between the first and the second sub-roller (18, 20) of a pair of rollers (16) is arranged to act. Roller compaction device according to claim 12, characterized in that at least one piston / cylinder unit (50, 52) is connected to a pressure accumulator (58). Roller compacting device according to one of claims 12 or 13, characterized in that between the pressure accumulator (58) and the piston / cylinder unit (50, 52) a check valve (60) and a throttle (62) is arranged. Roll compacting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one pair of rollers (16) has partial rollers (18, 20) with different diameters (D1, D2, d1, d2) and / or different axial lengths (L1, L2).

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