EP2806079A2 - Cooling roof construction - Google Patents
Cooling roof construction Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2806079A2 EP2806079A2 EP14169286.3A EP14169286A EP2806079A2 EP 2806079 A2 EP2806079 A2 EP 2806079A2 EP 14169286 A EP14169286 A EP 14169286A EP 2806079 A2 EP2806079 A2 EP 2806079A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- space
- roof
- tiles
- cooling
- membrane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004941 influx Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
- E04D13/17—Ventilation of roof coverings not otherwise provided for
- E04D13/172—Roof insulating material with provisions for or being arranged for permitting ventilation of the roof covering
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
- E04D1/30—Special roof-covering elements, e.g. ridge tiles, gutter tiles, gable tiles, ventilation tiles
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D11/00—Roof covering, as far as not restricted to features covered by only one of groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00; Roof covering in ways not provided for by groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00, e.g. built-up roofs, elevated load-supporting roof coverings
- E04D11/005—Supports for elevated load-supporting roof coverings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F7/00—Ventilation
- F24F7/02—Roof ventilation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0075—Systems using thermal walls, e.g. double window
- F24F2005/0082—Facades
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cooling roof construction as well as a method of cooling buildings utilizing such a roof construction.
- the object is to maintain an interior climate which is neither too cold nor too hot and as such during winter periods it is necessary to heat the houses and during summer periods it is desirable to cool the houses.
- the costs of cooling houses exceed by far the costs of heating houses.
- the present invention provides a low cost solution, especially for cooling of houses.
- the invention is especially used for buildings having a flat or substantially flat roof.
- the invention is based on the principle that the sun will heat the flat roof surfaces whereby the solar heating will penetrate the roof construction and into the building thereby increasing the interior temperature.
- the invention provides a cooling roof construction comprising a substantially horizontal roof having a weatherproof membrane, and where a perforated tile layer is arranged a distance above said membrane, where the space between the membrane and the perforated tile layer is connected by at least one conduit to an outside ambient space outside the roof's perimeter or above the tile layer.
- the conduit By directing the conduit to be connected to an ambient space, for example the free air on the side of the building, the space between the roofing membrane and the tiles is provided with fresh air, and not recirculation of the air "trapped" in the space between the roofing membrane and the tiles. In this manner, better ventilation and thereby cooling is achieved.
- an ambient space for example the free air on the side of the building
- the perforated tile layer is assembled from a plurality of tiles, where the tiles are elevated relative to the membrane by means of risers.
- the elevated tile layer is relatively easy to install in that it is possible to select tiles which have a size which may easily be carried and manually handled on the roof surface.
- Examples of such tiles are disclosed in US 5509244 but it should be understood that naturally the invention is not limited to the use of this type of tiles, but tests clearly indicate that these tiles are very useful for obtaining the cooling properties of the present invention.
- One further advantage of using tiles as suggested in US 5509244 is the size of the per-forations.
- Naturally other tiles having substantially corresponding perforation sizes may also be used.
- the perforations has a size such that when snow falls on the tiles, the snow will accumulate on the top side of the tiles, leaving the space between the roof structure and the tiles free from snow. This space will contain an amount of non-moving air, which effectively will act as extra insulation. Consequently, during hot periods, cool air will be provided helping to cool the building whereas during cold periods with snow fall, the snow will help insulate the building. Both situations will decrease the energy needed to respectively cool or heat the building.
- risers as suggested in EP1192323 may also be used with good results.
- the advantages of using the risers in the European patent provides the elevated layer with large versatility in that different tile sizes may be used and the tile layer may be arranged horizontally regardless of the slant of the underlying roof structure, naturally within limits, simply by using more or less risers. In this manner it is possible to convert a relatively useless slanting/flat roof into a useful outdoor space.
- the risers have different height, such that the tile layer is a slanted or horizontal surface.
- cooler air By connecting the other end of the conduit to a place with cooler air for example at a lower elevation or a cooler space such as for example an area which will be in shadow or a cellar space, ground well or the like, cooler air will be sucked into the space between the perforated tile layer and the roof construction and as such will further improve the lowering of the temperature on the roof and thereby the influx of heat into the interior of the building which will again lower the cost of cooling the interior of the building.
- a cooler space such as for example an area which will be in shadow or a cellar space, ground well or the like
- the tiles and/or risers made from plastics, preferably in an injection moulding process.
- plastic moulded elements which are constructed such that they will be able to provide the necessary load carrying characteristics in order to provide a useful surface.
- This is not necessary in all instances and as such also weaker tile elements and smaller risers may be used in order to provide the same advantages as already described above.
- the injection moulding process is a relatively cheap manufacturing process and as such together with the relatively low cost of installing such a roof an over-all cheap but very effective cooling installation may be achieved.
- temperature controlled valve means are provided near the outlet of the conduit.
- the means for controlling the valves may be but not limited to metal springs which are made from materials having specific temperature expansion/contraction properties, such as the valves are set to remain closed and only open when the temperature in the volume between the roof and the tiles rises above 20 degrees centigrade.
- the valves themselves may be simple dampers, plates or the like which may be brought from a position obstructing the conduit to a position where the air may flow freely through the conduit, and any position in between.
- the present invention is also directed to a method of cooling a building using a cooling roof construction as already described above. Naturally the advantages already discussed above will also be achieved with the method.
- figure 1 is illustrated a schematic cross-section through a roof structure of a building.
- the building 1 in this embodiment has a substantially flat roof structure 2.
- the roof structure is provided with the normal membranes etc. in order to render it watertight. These features are not illustrated as they are not important for the invention.
- the roof structure 2 is arranged a number of perforated tiles 3 which tiles 3 are elevated relative to the roof structure by means of risers 4.
- the risers 4 are illustrated as comprising a number of superposed elements, but they may also be constructed simply by single element risers.
- a conduit 5 is arranged in connection with the space 6 created between the plurality of tiles 3 and the roof construction 2. The risers will only support corners of the tiles such that a substantially free space 6 is created between the roof structure 2 and the tiles 3.
- valve 11 is activated by a temperature sensitive mechanism, which will not be further elaborated. Any suitable operation mechanism, mechanical or electrical may naturally be employed.
- the valve mechanism 11 may for example be programmed to be shut until the temperature in the space 6 rises above 20 degrees, after which the valve 11 opens and allows cool air to be sucked into the space through the conduit 5.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a cooling roof construction as well as a method of cooling buildings utilizing such a roof construction.
- With the increasing focus on energy consumption there is a desire to lower the energy consumption and thereby the cost of energy in connection with among other things buildings, living quarters, etc.
- For houses the object is to maintain an interior climate which is neither too cold nor too hot and as such during winter periods it is necessary to heat the houses and during summer periods it is desirable to cool the houses. In a number of regions the costs of cooling houses exceed by far the costs of heating houses. Furthermore, it is more energy consuming to cool the interior of houses than it is to heat the same house.
- It is known in the art to provide a perforated upper roofing layer, see for example
US 4674249 . This construction is provided in order to decrease damage to underlying roofing constructions, and to further provide ventilation to the underlying roof construction, for example in order to remove water ingressed into the underlying structure. - The present invention provides a low cost solution, especially for cooling of houses. The invention is especially used for buildings having a flat or substantially flat roof. The invention is based on the principle that the sun will heat the flat roof surfaces whereby the solar heating will penetrate the roof construction and into the building thereby increasing the interior temperature.
- In this connection the invention provides a cooling roof construction comprising a substantially horizontal roof having a weatherproof membrane, and where a perforated tile layer is arranged a distance above said membrane, where the space between the membrane and the perforated tile layer is connected by at least one conduit to an outside ambient space outside the roof's perimeter or above the tile layer.
- Be creating a perforated tile area arranged a distance above the roof construction as such a space between the roof construction and the perforated tiles is created. The air inside this space will be heated by the solar influx, i.e. solar energy and due to the basic principles of hot air rising relative to cooler air the air in the space will move upwards, i.e. away from the roof surface through the perforations in the tiles. During this movement an under-pressure will occur between the perforated tiles and the roof surface which will cause fresh air to be sucked into the space. As this air has not been heated by the solar influx, the net result will be that air in the space will have a substantially lower temperature than air immediately above a fully exposed roof surface. Therefore, the perforated tile layer will create a cooling mechanism whereby the solar influx, i.e. the solar energy, will not be able to penetrate into the roof construction and thereby heat the interior of the building.
- Furthermore by directing the conduit to be connected to an ambient space, for example the free air on the side of the building, the space between the roofing membrane and the tiles is provided with fresh air, and not recirculation of the air "trapped" in the space between the roofing membrane and the tiles. In this manner, better ventilation and thereby cooling is achieved.
- In a further advantageous embodiment the perforated tile layer is assembled from a plurality of tiles, where the tiles are elevated relative to the membrane by means of risers.
- By using a plurality of tiles the elevated tile layer is relatively easy to install in that it is possible to select tiles which have a size which may easily be carried and manually handled on the roof surface. Examples of such tiles are disclosed in
US 5509244 but it should be understood that naturally the invention is not limited to the use of this type of tiles, but tests clearly indicate that these tiles are very useful for obtaining the cooling properties of the present invention. - One further advantage of using tiles as suggested in
US 5509244 is the size of the per-forations. Naturally other tiles having substantially corresponding perforation sizes may also be used. The perforations has a size such that when snow falls on the tiles, the snow will accumulate on the top side of the tiles, leaving the space between the roof structure and the tiles free from snow. This space will contain an amount of non-moving air, which effectively will act as extra insulation. Consequently, during hot periods, cool air will be provided helping to cool the building whereas during cold periods with snow fall, the snow will help insulate the building. Both situations will decrease the energy needed to respectively cool or heat the building. - In the same context risers as suggested in
EP1192323 may also be used with good results. The advantages of using the risers in the European patent provides the elevated layer with large versatility in that different tile sizes may be used and the tile layer may be arranged horizontally regardless of the slant of the underlying roof structure, naturally within limits, simply by using more or less risers. In this manner it is possible to convert a relatively useless slanting/flat roof into a useful outdoor space. - In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention the risers have different height, such that the tile layer is a slanted or horizontal surface. These advantages are already described above and the risers may be constructed as suggested above by superposing a plurality of riser elements or by manufacturing risers as single elements having various heights. In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention the ambient space to which the conduit is connected is at a lower elevation or cooler space than the space between the membrane and the tile layer. As an under-pressure is created due to the solar energy heating the air trapped between the perforated tile layer and the roof construction air movement is created by the influx of solar energy. By connecting a conduit to the air volume between the perforated tile layer and the roof construction the air movement will cause air movement in the conduit. By connecting the other end of the conduit to a place with cooler air for example at a lower elevation or a cooler space such as for example an area which will be in shadow or a cellar space, ground well or the like, cooler air will be sucked into the space between the perforated tile layer and the roof construction and as such will further improve the lowering of the temperature on the roof and thereby the influx of heat into the interior of the building which will again lower the cost of cooling the interior of the building.
- In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention the tiles and/or risers made from plastics, preferably in an injection moulding process. By using the risers and tiles suggested above these are plastic moulded elements which are constructed such that they will be able to provide the necessary load carrying characteristics in order to provide a useful surface. However, this is not necessary in all instances and as such also weaker tile elements and smaller risers may be used in order to provide the same advantages as already described above. The injection moulding process is a relatively cheap manufacturing process and as such together with the relatively low cost of installing such a roof an over-all cheap but very effective cooling installation may be achieved.
- In a still further advantageous embodiment temperature controlled valve means are provided near the outlet of the conduit.
- The means for controlling the valves may be but not limited to metal springs which are made from materials having specific temperature expansion/contraction properties, such as the valves are set to remain closed and only open when the temperature in the volume between the roof and the tiles rises above 20 degrees centigrade. The valves themselves may be simple dampers, plates or the like which may be brought from a position obstructing the conduit to a position where the air may flow freely through the conduit, and any position in between.
- The present invention is also directed to a method of cooling a building using a cooling roof construction as already described above. Naturally the advantages already discussed above will also be achieved with the method.
- The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings where
- Figure 1
- illustrates a schematic cross-section through a roof structure of a building.
- In figure 1 is illustrated a schematic cross-section through a roof structure of a building. The building 1 in this embodiment has a substantially
flat roof structure 2. The roof structure is provided with the normal membranes etc. in order to render it watertight. These features are not illustrated as they are not important for the invention. - Above the
roof structure 2 is arranged a number of perforatedtiles 3 whichtiles 3 are elevated relative to the roof structure by means ofrisers 4. In this embodiment therisers 4 are illustrated as comprising a number of superposed elements, but they may also be constructed simply by single element risers. Furthermore, aconduit 5 is arranged in connection with thespace 6 created between the plurality oftiles 3 and theroof construction 2. The risers will only support corners of the tiles such that a substantiallyfree space 6 is created between theroof structure 2 and thetiles 3. - As the solar energy illustrated by the
arrows 7 impacts on thetiles 3 air trapped in thespaces 6 will be heated and thereby move upwards through theperforations 8 provided in the tiles as illustrated by thearrows 10. Consequently, an under-pressure will occur in thespace 6 whereby air will be sucked through theconduit 5 as illustrated by the arrow 9. By arranging the inlet 5' of theconduit 5 in a suitable place where the air is cooler, for example from a basement, cellar, ground well or a shadow section behind the building 1, the air introduced into thespaces 6 due to the suction created by the under-pressure will be substantially cooler and thereby hinder thesolar energy 7 in penetrating through theroof structure 2 and into the building proper. In this manner a very simple low-cost and no running cost cooling system is provided. - Further the
outlet 5" is provided with avalve 11. Thevalve 11, is activated by a temperature sensitive mechanism, which will not be further elaborated. Any suitable operation mechanism, mechanical or electrical may naturally be employed. Thevalve mechanism 11 may for example be programmed to be shut until the temperature in thespace 6 rises above 20 degrees, after which thevalve 11 opens and allows cool air to be sucked into the space through theconduit 5.
Claims (8)
- A cooling roof construction comprising a substantially horizontal roof having a weatherproof membrane, and where a perforated tile layer is arranged a distance above said membrane, where the space between the membrane and the perforated tile layer is connected by at least one conduit to an outside ambient space outside the roof's perimeter or above the tile layer.
- The cooling roof construction according to claim 1 wherein the perforated tile layer is assembled from a plurality of tiles, where the tiles are elevated relative to the membrane by means of risers.
- The cooling roof construction according to claim 2 wherein the risers have different height, such that the tile layer is a slanted or horizontal surface.
- The cooling roof construction according to claim 1 wherein the ambient space to which the conduit is connected is at a lower elevation or cooler space than the space between the membrane and the tile layer.
- The cooling roof construction according to claim 1 or 3 wherein the tiles and/or risers are made from plastics, preferably in an injection moulding process.
- The cooling roof construction according to claim 1 wherein temperature controlled valve means are provided near the outlet of the conduit.
- Method of cooling a building having a substantially flat roof space, where at least one perforated tile is arranged at a distance above the roof, and where cooler air by means of a conduit is guided into the space created between the roof and the perforated tile.
- Method according to claim 7 wherein the cooler air is obtained from a lower elevation, a cellar space, a well or the like, and by natural convection transported to the space between the roof and the perforated tile, where the cooler air is heated due to the exposure to solar heating of the tile surface, where after the air escapes upwards through the perforations in the tiles creating under-pressure in the space between the roof and the tiles, thereby creating air movement.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DKPA201370274 | 2013-05-22 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2806079A2 true EP2806079A2 (en) | 2014-11-26 |
EP2806079A3 EP2806079A3 (en) | 2014-12-10 |
Family
ID=50732077
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14169286.3A Withdrawn EP2806079A3 (en) | 2013-05-22 | 2014-05-21 | Cooling roof construction |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20150017907A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2806079A3 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2014227830A (en) |
CN (1) | CN104179303A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3800305A1 (en) * | 2019-10-03 | 2021-04-07 | Excellent Holding ApS | Tile convection construction |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR102005944B1 (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2019-08-01 | 주식회사 만도 | Parking Assist System and Method thereof |
CN113309303A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-08-27 | 项青青 | Steel structure energy-saving building cooling roof structure and cooling method |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4674249A (en) | 1985-09-16 | 1987-06-23 | Carveth W Bennett Sr | Roofing and decking construction |
US5509244A (en) | 1991-05-13 | 1996-04-23 | Bentzon; Frank | Flooring system having joinable tile elements, particularly plastic tiles |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5632678A (en) * | 1996-05-28 | 1997-05-27 | Doelfel; John G. | Roof vent for a clothes dryer |
DE29713226U1 (en) * | 1997-07-25 | 1997-11-20 | Wolf, Eberhard, 79280 Au | Drainage element |
WO2004092510A1 (en) * | 2003-04-17 | 2004-10-28 | Evers, Marinus, Gerardus, Maria | Roof reinforcement element, combination of such an element with a roof and method for making such an element |
DE102007042527A1 (en) * | 2007-09-07 | 2009-03-26 | Vahlbrauk, Wolfgang, Dipl.-Ing. | Emergency drain for drainage of a surface |
US8740678B2 (en) * | 2009-11-20 | 2014-06-03 | Building Materials Investment Corporation | Ridge vent with powered forced air ventilation |
-
2014
- 2014-05-20 US US14/282,675 patent/US20150017907A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-05-21 EP EP14169286.3A patent/EP2806079A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-05-21 JP JP2014105605A patent/JP2014227830A/en active Pending
- 2014-05-22 CN CN201410219240.0A patent/CN104179303A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4674249A (en) | 1985-09-16 | 1987-06-23 | Carveth W Bennett Sr | Roofing and decking construction |
US5509244A (en) | 1991-05-13 | 1996-04-23 | Bentzon; Frank | Flooring system having joinable tile elements, particularly plastic tiles |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3800305A1 (en) * | 2019-10-03 | 2021-04-07 | Excellent Holding ApS | Tile convection construction |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20150017907A1 (en) | 2015-01-15 |
EP2806079A3 (en) | 2014-12-10 |
JP2014227830A (en) | 2014-12-08 |
CN104179303A (en) | 2014-12-03 |
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