EP2805111B1 - Brûleur cylindrique à prémélange gazeux - Google Patents

Brûleur cylindrique à prémélange gazeux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2805111B1
EP2805111B1 EP13700009.7A EP13700009A EP2805111B1 EP 2805111 B1 EP2805111 B1 EP 2805111B1 EP 13700009 A EP13700009 A EP 13700009A EP 2805111 B1 EP2805111 B1 EP 2805111B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
cylindrical
section
gas premix
deck
Prior art date
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EP13700009.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2805111A2 (fr
Inventor
Dirk Ten Hoeve
Geert Folkers
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Bekaert Combustion Technology BV
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Bekaert Combustion Technology BV
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Priority to EP13700009.7A priority Critical patent/EP2805111B1/fr
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/48Nozzles
    • F23D14/58Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F23D14/04Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner
    • F23D14/06Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner with radial outlets at the burner head
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D2203/00Gaseous fuel burners
    • F23D2203/10Flame diffusing means
    • F23D2203/101Flame diffusing means characterised by surface shape
    • F23D2203/1012Flame diffusing means characterised by surface shape tubular
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D2203/00Gaseous fuel burners
    • F23D2203/10Flame diffusing means
    • F23D2203/102Flame diffusing means using perforated plates
    • F23D2203/1026Flame diffusing means using perforated plates with slotshaped openings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cylindrical gas premix burner with a cylindrical burner deck comprising a perforated metal plate.
  • the cylindrical gas premix burner deck is particularly suited for use in a burner system with air to gas ratio control via ionization current measurement by means of an ionization pen.
  • Application of such gas premix burners is e.g. in boilers or in instantaneous water heaters.
  • US5,215,457 discloses an atmospheric burner that has rows of small groups of slots in the burner deck, wherein the groups are separated at varying distances. This allegedly makes it possible for the flame halo of the burner to follow the shape of the heat exchanger.
  • Cylindrical gas premix burners with a perforated metal plate functioning as cylindrical burner deck are known, e.g. from EP 1337789 , EP2037175 , WO2009/077333 , WO2009/065733 and WO2011/069839 . It is a general objective to have a burner that is as energy efficient as possible while minimizing emissions, e.g. of NOX and of CO. Cylindrical gas premix burners are used e.g. in boilers or in instantaneous water heaters.
  • WO2011/069839 discloses a cylindrical gas burner with a burner deck that has an overall porosity being equal to or lower than 11 percent.
  • the document discloses cylindrical burners with a burner deck with different porosity along the length of the burner.
  • a disclosed example is wherein the first 11.8 mm of the burner deck length has a porosity of 15 percent, thereafter is a zone of 46.8 mm of the burner deck length with a porosity of 7.3 percent and the last zone with a length of 5.8 mm of the burner deck length having a porosity of 16.5 percent.
  • WO2011/069839 discloses a cylindrical gas premix burner according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Premix burners are known that are operating according to a control system: an ionization signal, which is obtained via measurement of the flame current by means of an ionization pen, is used to obtain a measure for the air to gas ratio.
  • Control methods aim at keeping the air to gas ratio constant (so-called lambda control) via controlling the supply to the burner, thereby obtaining clean combustion throughout the whole combustion range via adapting compositions of the combustion gas and/or adapting composition and/or temperature of the combustion air.
  • a first aspect of the invention is a cylindrical gas premix burner.
  • the gas premix burner comprises
  • the perforated zone is comprising - seen along the axis of the cylindrical gas premix burners - at least three sections, wherein a first section at the inlet, a third section located towards the end cap, and a second section located between the first and the third section.
  • the porosity of the second section of the cylindrical burner deck is at least 50% higher (and preferably between 50 and 200% higher, more preferably between 75 and 150% higher, even more preferably between 75% and 125% higher) than:
  • porosity is meant the percentage of surface which is covered with through holes through which gas premix will flow that will be combusted at the external surface of the burner deck.
  • the cylindrical gas premix burner is having excellent energy efficiency, low emissions combined with reliable use with ionization pen measurement control systems for the air to gas ratio control over a broad load range of the burner, including at low loads.
  • the burner will be used in blue flame mode (and not in red flame mode which is useful when heat is transferred via infrared radiation) whereby hot flue gas is generated that will transfer its energy via conductivity and via convection, e.g. to a fluid (e.g. water) in a heat exchanger (e.g. a cast heat exchanger or a plate heat exchanger or a spiral tube heat exchanger).
  • a fluid e.g. water
  • a heat exchanger e.g. a cast heat exchanger or a plate heat exchanger or a spiral tube heat exchanger.
  • the gas premix burner of the invention is a fully premixed burner, meaning that the full amount of air required for combustion is available in the premix, and that no secondary air is required to participate via diffusion to the combustion.
  • the gas premix burner of the invention can comprise a fan supplying the combustion air (such a burner with an air fan is not an atmospheric burner). Combustible gas is then added to the air, e.g. via an injector, making up the gas premix which comprises the full amount of air required for the combustion; no secondary air is required nor added for the combustion (and thus the burner is a fully premixed gas burner).
  • the gas premix flows through the inlet for gas premix and through the cylindrical burner deck after which the gas premix is combusted.
  • a cylindrical gas burner is a burner that has perforations substantially around the full circumference of the cylindrical burner deck.
  • the cylindrical gas burner of the invention has perforations around the full circumference of the cylindrical burner deck.
  • the cylindrical gas premix burner has a porosity of the second section of the cylindrical burner deck that is 100 % higher (to be understood within manufacturing tolerances of a 100% higher porosity) than:
  • the porosity of the second section of the cylindrical burner deck is double the porosity (meaning 100% higher) than the porosity of the first section and/or than the porosity of the third section of the perforated zone.
  • the porosity of the second section is double the porosity of the first section and then the porosity of the third section.
  • the shape of the perforations in the first, second and third section of the perforated zone of the cylindrical burner deck can be the same, but with a double density of the perforations in the second section compared to in the first section and to in the third section. It is a benefit of this embodiment that the burner deck can be produced more easily: the perforations in the burner deck are made by punching. A plate is moved with a certain displacement (in the direction that will become the axis of the cylindrical burner) into the punching unit. For punching the second section, the plate is moved half of the distance compared to when punching the first and/or the third section.
  • the gas premix is fed into the cylindrical gas premix burner with a minimum of flow restriction at the inlet of the cylindrical gas premix burner.
  • the inlet for gas premix has a circular shape, with a diameter as high as possible, preferably equal to at least 80%, preferably 90% of the internal diameter of the cylindrical gas premix burner.
  • the inlet can be e.g. of a ring shape.
  • the cylindrical gas premix according to the invention is devoid of a diffuser inside the space enclosed by the cylindrical burner deck.
  • the gas premix is flowing from the inlet to and through the burner deck without the presence of another object inside the cylindrical gas premix burner that would create a pressure drop of the gas premix.
  • the external diameter of the cylindrical burner deck is smaller than 60 mm, e.g. 50 mm.
  • Cylindrical burner decks with an external diameter less than 60 mm have the benefit that the gas premix is distributed better over the surface of the cylindrical burner deck, certainly at higher burner loads, which contributes in a synergetic way in the invention for a cylindrical gas premix burner that can be used in a larger load range and that is operating with air to gas ratio control via an ionization pen measurement.
  • the porosity pattern in each of the first, second and third section of the perforated zone of the cylindrical burner deck is fully repeated along the circumference of the cylindrical burner deck.
  • porosity pattern is meant the pattern of the perforations in the burner deck that create the porosity.
  • the porosity pattern can comprise different types of perforations, e.g. circular holes and slits. Slits are preferably of rectangular shape, possibly with rounded corners.
  • Slits are preferably of rectangular shape, possibly with rounded corners.
  • the porosity of the first section and/or of the third section of the perforated zone of the cylindrical burner deck is between 5 and 10%.
  • the porosity of the second section of the perforated zone of the cylindrical burner deck is between 10 and 20%.
  • the average porosity of the perforated zone of the cylindrical burner deck is below 11%, more preferably between 7% and 11%. It is a benefit of the cylindrical gas premix burners according to this embodiment of the invention that the distribution of the gas premix is improved, resulting in an improved performance of the burner over a larger load range of the burner.
  • the length - measured along the axis of the cylindrical gas premix burner - of the first section of the perforated zone of the cylindrical burner deck is between 25% and 40% of the length of the perforated zone of the cylindrical burner deck.
  • the length - measured along the axis of the cylindrical gas premix burner of the second section of the perforated zone of the cylindrical burner deck - is between 20% and 50% of the length of the perforated zone of the cylindrical burner deck.
  • the length - measured along the axis of the cylindrical gas premix burner - of the third section of the perforated zone of the cylindrical burner deck is between 25% and 40% of the length of the perforated zone.
  • the first section and the second section of the perforated zone of the cylindrical burner deck have the same length.
  • length is meant the length as measured along the axis of the cylindrical gas premix burner. Even more preferred is when the first, second and third section of the perforated zone of the cylindrical burner deck have the same length.
  • first section, the second section and the third section of the perforated zone of the cylindrical burner deck form the complete perforated zone of the cylindrical burner deck.
  • a second aspect of the invention is a gas premix burner system.
  • the gas premix burner system is comprising:
  • the perforations in the burner deck can be of different shapes.
  • E.g. circular holes and slits (preferably of rectangular shape, preferably with rounded edges) can be present.
  • Slits can be positioned with their longest dimension in circumferential direction of the cylindrical burner deck. Slits can be positioned in such a way that one or more virtual lines on the cylindrical burner deck that are parallel with the axis of the cylindrical gas premix burner cross slits in at least one of the first, second or third section of the perforated zone of the cylindrical burner deck, preferably in each of the first, second and third section of the perforated zone of the cylindrical burner deck.
  • the ionization pen is positioned in front of slits of the cylindrical burner deck, creating a synergetic effect with the porosity arrangement of the burner deck according to the invention to enable use of the cylindrical gas premix burner over a broad load range with air to gas ratio control via use of an ionization pen.
  • the ionization pen is extending along the cylindrical burner deck into the second section of the perforated zone of the cylindrical burner deck over at least 25%, and preferably over more than 50%, and even more preferably over 100% of the length - measured in the direction along the axis of the cylindrical burner deck - of the second section of the perforated zone of the cylindrical burner deck.
  • the ionization pen is extending along the cylindrical burner deck into the third section of the perforated zone of the cylindrical burner deck, and preferably over at least 25%, and more preferably over more than 50%, and even more preferably over 100% of the length - measured in the direction along the axis of the cylindrical burner deck - of the third section of the perforated zone of the cylindrical burner deck.
  • a third aspect of the invention is a method for the operation of a cylindrical gas premix burner, wherein
  • a fourth aspect of the invention is a boiler or an instantaneous water heater comprising
  • a fifth aspect of the invention is the use of the method of the third aspect of the invention in a boiler or in an instantaneous water heater.
  • the cylindrical gas premix burners are used in blue flame mode, the hot flue gas generated by the combustion is transferring its heat via conduction and via convection in a heat exchanger (e.g. in a cast aluminum heat exchanger) onto a fluid (e.g. water).
  • a heat exchanger e.g. in a cast aluminum heat exchanger
  • a fluid e.g. water
  • Such boilers or instantaneous water heaters according to the fourth and fifth aspect of the invention can work with effective air to gas ratio control by means of using measurement with an ionization pen over a broad load range.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of a cylindrical gas premix burner 100 according to the invention.
  • the cylindrical gas premix burner 100 is having a metal plate forming the cylindrical burner deck 110, an end cap 115, a flange 117 and an inlet 120 for gas premix (a mixture of combustible gas and air, preferably the burner is a fully premixed burner).
  • gas premix a mixture of combustible gas and air, preferably the burner is a fully premixed burner.
  • the end cap is welded to the cylindrical burner deck and the end cap is not perforated (no combustion is taking place at its surface).
  • the cylindrical burner deck 110 is having an external diameter DIAM of 50 mm.
  • the cylindrical gas premix burner 100 of the example is devoid of a diffuser inside the space enclosed by the cylindrical burner deck 110.
  • the metal plate forming the cylindrical burner deck 110 is having - seen along the axis of the cylindrical burner - different zones.
  • a first zone 130 (with length A measured along the axis of the cylindrical burner) at the inlet 120 is devoid of perforations; and the zone 170 (with length E) at the end cap 115 is also devoid of perforations.
  • the cylindrical deck is having a first section 140 (with length B) of the perforated zone, a second section 150 (with length C) of the perforated zone and a third section 160 (with length D) of the perforated zone.
  • Gas premix will flow through the perforations in the metal plate and the gas premix will be combusted on the external surface of the cylindrical gas premix burner 100.
  • the first section 140 of the perforated zone, the second section 150 of the perforated zone and the third section 160 of the perforated form together the perforated zone of the cylindrical burner deck in the example of a cylindrical gas premix burner according to the invention.
  • the perforation pattern of each of the first section 140, the second section 150 and the third section 160 of the perforated zone is repeated over the circumference of the cylindrical burner.
  • the perforation pattern can comprise different types of perforations, e.g. circular holes and slits, as illustrated in figure 1 .
  • circular holes can have a diameter of 0.8 mm.
  • the slits can be rectangular with a length of 4 mm and a height of 0.5 mm.
  • the length A of the unperforated zone 130 is 19.2 mm
  • the lengths B (of the first section 140 of the perforated zone), C (of the second section 150 of the perforated zone) and D (of the third section 160 of the perforated zone) are each 24 mm and the length E (of the unperforated zone 170) is 23.2 mm, meaning that the total length of the burner deck - measured along the axis of the cylindrical gas premix burner is 114.4 mm.
  • the porosity of the first section 140 of the perforated zone is 7.8%
  • the porosity of the second section 150 of the perforated zone is 15.6%
  • the porosity of the third section 160 of the perforated zone is 7.8%.
  • the average porosity of the perforated zone of the burner deck is 10.4%.
  • the porosity of the second section (150) is double (meaning 100% higher than) the porosity of the first section (140) and of the third section (160).
  • the double porosity is obtained by a double density of the perforations in the second section (150) compared to in the first section (140) and compared to in the third section (160).
  • Figure 1 shows an ionization pen 190 installed parallel with the axis of the cylindrical gas premix burner 100.
  • the distance between the ionization pen and the burner deck is 5 - 9 mm, preferably between 7 - 8 mm.
  • the ionization pen 190 is positioned such that it covers at least part of the second section (150) of the perforated zone of the burner deck.
  • the length of the ionization pen along the axis of the cylindrical burner and measured from the inlet (120) is indicated with F.
  • the ionization pen 190 covers at least half, even more preferably the full length, of the second section (150) of the perforated zone of the burner deck. It is even more preferred when the ionization pen 190 covers at least part (e.g. 25% or 50% or 75% of the length) of the third section (160) of the perforated zone of the burner deck. Most preferred is when the ionization pen 190 covers the full length of the third section of the perforated zone of the burner deck.
  • Figure 2 shows test results for the ionization current measured by an ionization pen.
  • the ionization current is measured as a function of burner load in the low range of the burner load (load range of the burners goes up to 25 kW). The results for three burners are compared:
  • Figure 2 indicates in X-axis the load of the burner (in kW), whereas the Y-axis shows the electrical current (ionization current in microampere) measured by an ionization pen.
  • the ionization pen was placed at a distance of 8 mm from the cylindrical burner deck.
  • the ionization pen was extending over the full length of the perforated zone of the cylindrical burner deck, meaning that for burner BU1 the length F (as indicated in figure 1 ) is 91.2 mm.
  • burner according to the invention results in a higher ionization current than the other burners, meaning that air to gas ratio control is facilitated and made possible over a broader load range, especially in the low load ranges.
  • burner BU1 burner according to the invention

Claims (15)

  1. Brûleur cylindrique à prémélange gazeux (100), comprenant :
    - un corps de brûleur cylindrique (110), ledit corps de brûleur cylindrique (110) comportant une plaque métallique, et ledit corps de brûleur cylindrique (110) ayant une zone perforée, la zone perforée étant la partie du corps de brûleur cylindrique (110) qui est prévue avec des perforations dans la plaque métallique,
    - un obturateur d'extrémité (115),
    - une entrée (120) pour le prémélange gazeux du côté opposé audit obturateur d'extrémité (115) ;
    et ladite zone perforée comportant - vues le long de l'axe des brûleurs cylindriques à prémélange gazeux - au moins trois sections, une première section (140) au niveau de ladite entrée, une troisième section (160) située vers ledit obturateur d'extrémité, et une deuxième section (150) située entre ladite première section (140) et ladite troisième section (160),
    caractérisé en ce que
    la porosité de ladite deuxième section (150) de la zone perforée du corps de brûleur cylindrique (110) est au moins 50 % plus élevée que la porosité du corps du brûleur dans ladite première section (140) et que la porosité du corps du brûleur dans ladite troisième section (160).
  2. Brûleur cylindrique à prémélange gazeux selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la porosité de ladite deuxième section est 100 % plus élevée que :
    - la porosité du corps du brûleur dans ladite première section,
    - et/ou que la porosité du corps du brûleur dans ladite troisième section.
  3. Brûleur cylindrique à prémélange gazeux selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, le brûleur cylindrique à prémélange gazeux étant dépourvu d'un diffuseur à l'intérieur de l'espace renfermé par ledit corps de brûleur cylindrique.
  4. Brûleur cylindrique à prémélange gazeux selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le motif de porosité dans chacune de la première, la deuxième et la troisième section de la zone perforée est complètement répété le long de la circonférence dudit corps de brûleur cylindrique.
  5. Brûleur cylindrique à prémélange gazeux selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la porosité de ladite première section et/ou de ladite troisième section est entre 5 et 10 %.
  6. Brûleur cylindrique à prémélange gazeux selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la porosité de ladite deuxième section est entre 10 et 20 %.
  7. Brûleur cylindrique à prémélange gazeux selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la longueur - mesurée le long de l'axe dudit brûleur cylindrique à prémélange gazeux - de ladite première section est entre 25 % et 40 % de la longueur de ladite zone perforée.
  8. Brûleur cylindrique à prémélange gazeux selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la longueur - mesurée le long de l'axe dudit brûleur cylindrique à prémélange gazeux - de ladite deuxième section est entre 20 % et 50 % de la longueur de ladite zone perforée.
  9. Brûleur cylindrique à prémélange gazeux selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la longueur - mesurée le long de l'axe dudit brûleur cylindrique à prémélange gazeux - de ladite troisième section est entre 25 % et 40 % de la longueur de ladite zone perforée.
  10. Brûleur cylindrique à prémélange gazeux selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ladite première section, ladite deuxième section et ladite troisième section forment la zone perforée complète dudit corps de brûleur cylindrique.
  11. Système à brûleur à prémélange gazeux comprenant :
    - un brûleur cylindrique à prémélange gazeux (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    - une tige d'ionisation (190) installée parallèlement à l'axe dudit brûleur cylindrique à prémélange gazeux.
  12. Système à brûleur à prémélange gazeux selon la revendication 11, dans lequel la tige d'ionisation s'étend le long du corps de brûleur cylindrique dans ladite deuxième section sur au moins 25 % de la longueur - mesurée dans la direction le long de l'axe dudit corps de brûleur cylindrique - de ladite deuxième section de la zone perforée du corps de brûleur cylindrique.
  13. Système à brûleur à prémélange gazeux selon la revendication 11, dans lequel la tige d'ionisation s'étend le long du corps de brûleur cylindrique dans ladite troisième section, et, de préférence, sur au moins 25 % de la longueur - mesurée dans la direction le long de l'axe dudit corps de brûleur cylindrique - de ladite troisième section de la zone perforée du corps de brûleur cylindrique.
  14. Procédé pour le fonctionnement d'un brûleur cylindrique à prémélange gazeux, dans lequel
    - un brûleur cylindrique à prémélange gazeux selon les revendications 1 à 10 est utilisé, ou un système à brûleur à prémélange gazeux selon les revendications 11 à 13 est utilisé,
    - une tige d'ionisation est montée le long du brûleur cylindrique à prémélange gazeux,
    - l'alimentation de gaz à prémélange est commandée de façon à optimiser le rapport air/gaz, la commande utilisant la mesure par ladite tige d'ionisation du courant de flamme.
  15. Chaudière ou chauffe-eau instantané comprenant :
    - un brûleur à prémélange gazeux selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, ou un système à brûleur à prémélange gazeux selon les revendications 11 à 13, pour la production de gaz de combustion chaud,
    - un échangeur de chaleur de façon à échanger la chaleur entre ledit gaz de combustion chaud et un fluide s'écoulant à travers ledit échangeur de chaleur.
EP13700009.7A 2012-01-19 2013-01-03 Brûleur cylindrique à prémélange gazeux Active EP2805111B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13700009.7A EP2805111B1 (fr) 2012-01-19 2013-01-03 Brûleur cylindrique à prémélange gazeux

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12151687 2012-01-19
PCT/EP2013/050066 WO2013107661A2 (fr) 2012-01-19 2013-01-03 Brûleur cylindrique à prémélange gazeux
EP13700009.7A EP2805111B1 (fr) 2012-01-19 2013-01-03 Brûleur cylindrique à prémélange gazeux

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP2805111A2 EP2805111A2 (fr) 2014-11-26
EP2805111B1 true EP2805111B1 (fr) 2018-07-04

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WO (1) WO2013107661A2 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4163544A1 (fr) 2021-10-07 2023-04-12 BDR Thermea Group B.V. Pont de brûleur et procédé de production d'un tel pont de brûleur
WO2023057605A1 (fr) 2021-10-07 2023-04-13 Bdr Thermea Group B.V. Plate-forme de brûleur et son procédé de fabrication

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EP2805111A2 (fr) 2014-11-26
WO2013107661A3 (fr) 2014-04-10

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