EP2805051B1 - Piston pump for a high-pressure cleaning device - Google Patents
Piston pump for a high-pressure cleaning device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2805051B1 EP2805051B1 EP12702458.6A EP12702458A EP2805051B1 EP 2805051 B1 EP2805051 B1 EP 2805051B1 EP 12702458 A EP12702458 A EP 12702458A EP 2805051 B1 EP2805051 B1 EP 2805051B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pump
- support
- piston
- piston pump
- accordance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
- F04B53/02—Packing the free space between cylinders and pistons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B1/20—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
- F04B1/2014—Details or component parts
- F04B1/2078—Swash plates
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B1/14—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having stationary cylinders
- F04B1/141—Details or component parts
- F04B1/143—Cylinders
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
- F04B53/16—Casings; Cylinders; Cylinder liners or heads; Fluid connections
- F04B53/162—Adaptations of cylinders
- F04B53/164—Stoffing boxes
Definitions
- the invention relates to a piston pump for a high-pressure cleaning device, with a plurality of pump chambers, in each of which a reciprocable piston dips and which are in each case via a suction valve with a suction inlet and a pressure valve with a pressure outlet in flow communication, wherein the piston in each case by a sealing ring are surrounded, which is supported in the radial direction by an annular wall and in the axial direction by a support ring, wherein the piston pump has a one-piece support plate which forms the support rings.
- a liquid preferably water
- the pistons can be driven to a reciprocating motion, for example by means of a swash plate, so that the volumes of the pumping chambers change periodically and sucked liquid from the suction inlet via the suction valves in the pumping chambers, there pressurized and discharged through the pressure valves and the pressure outlet can be.
- a pressure hose can be connected, which carries at its free end a delivery member for the pressurized liquid, for example a spray nozzle or a spray lance.
- the pump chambers are each sealed by means of a sealing ring which surrounds the piston immersed in the pump chamber in the circumferential direction.
- the sealing ring may for example form a sealing lip which is pressed under the pressure prevailing in the pump chamber pressure against the lateral surface of the piston.
- a support ring In the radial direction of the sealing ring is usually supported by an annular wall and for support in the axial direction is usually a support ring is used.
- Such piston pumps are for example from the DE 44 45 519 C1 and the US 6,092,998 A known.
- the liquid in the pump chambers is pressurized to over 100 bar.
- the piston pump is therefore subject during its operation considerable mechanical loads and must have a high mechanical strength. Therefore, the piston pumps usually have a considerable material thickness. This is associated with not inconsiderable manufacturing costs.
- the relatively high material thickness results in that the housing of the piston pump, which is usually produced in a casting process, during manufacture undergoes a prolonged cooling process, which limits the production rate of the housing. This also increases the manufacturing cost of the piston pump.
- US 2011/027106 A is a piston pump with a single reciprocating piston known, which is immersed in a pump chamber and surrounded by a sealing ring.
- the pumping space is connected via a suction valve with a suction inlet and via a pressure valve with a pressure outlet in flow communication, and the sealing ring is supported in the radial direction by an annular wall and in the axial direction by a support ring.
- the support ring is formed by a radially inwardly directed stage of a pump housing and the annular wall is formed by a sleeve which is penetrated by the piston.
- the sleeve forms a connecting line, via which the pump housing is connected to a liquid-tight against the pump housing cylinder head.
- Object of the present invention is to develop a piston pump of the type mentioned in such a way that it can be produced more cheaply.
- All support rings which support the sealing rings each surrounding a piston in the circumferential direction in the axial direction, are integrated in the piston pump according to the invention in a one-piece support shield. This allows a simpler installation of the piston pump, since all support rings can be positioned in a single assembly step.
- the inventively used one-piece support shield also has the function to surround the above-mentioned ring walls in the circumferential direction and thus support the ring walls in the radial direction. This makes it possible to reduce the material used for the ring walls, because the concomitant reduction in the mechanical strength of the ring walls is compensated by the support plate surrounding all the ring walls in the circumferential direction.
- the one-piece support plate thus makes it possible to reduce the material used for the pump housing and to simplify the assembly of the piston pump.
- the support plate on a plurality of support sleeves, in each of which an annular wall is immersed.
- the sealing of the pumping spaces by means of the sealing rings which each surround a piston and in turn are surrounded by an annular wall and are supported on a support ring in the axial direction.
- the piston pump according to the invention comprises three pistons, each immersed in a pump chamber, each pump chamber is associated with an annular wall which supports a sealing ring in the radial direction and which dips into a support sleeve of the support shield.
- the annular wall may be formed particularly thin-walled in such a configuration and yet the liquid to be delivered can be placed in the pump chambers under a high pressure.
- the piston pump comprises a pump block, which has the pumping chambers and which is integrally connected to the support plate. This makes it possible to additionally reduce the manufacturing costs and also to simplify the assembly of the piston pump.
- an adhesive bond can be used as an integral connection.
- An adhesive layer may be provided, for example, between the respective annular walls surrounding a respective sealing ring in the circumferential direction and the support plate surrounding the annular wall in the circumferential direction. This allows a mechanically strong connection between the pump block and the support plate.
- the adhesive layer can also serve as a sealing element for the liquid to be delivered.
- a uniform stress distribution and power transmission can be achieved. Voltage peaks, which can often occur with a screw connection, can be reduced.
- the pump block is welded to the support plate. This allows a particularly strong connection that can withstand very high pressures reliably.
- each of a sealing ring in the circumferential direction surrounding ring walls are each welded to a surrounding support sleeve.
- the pump block and the support plate are made of a plastic material.
- the support plate comprises support sleeves, as has been explained above, the support sleeves can each be placed on an annular wall and welded thereto in a structurally simple manner.
- the welded joint allows a permanent fixation of the two parts to each other, so that they can then perform no relative movement more. As with the weld joint and an optimal seal can be achieved, additional seals between the two parts can be omitted.
- the support plate is seated on a guide plate having guide members for guiding the piston in the axial direction.
- the pistons can be guided in the axial direction.
- the guide plate has the function to support the support plate in the axial direction.
- the support plate preferably has coaxial with the support sleeves aligned support collar which sit on the guide plate and each surrounding a piston in the circumferential direction.
- the support plate can be structurally simple Support the way on the guide plate.
- the use of the support collar has the advantage that the mechanical strength of the support plate is increased, the material thickness of the support plate can be kept relatively low.
- the support collars preferably each have a drainage opening, for example a drainage slot. Via the drainage opening, liquid which inadvertently emerges from the pump chambers via the sealing ring surrounding a respective piston can be released to the environment.
- a particularly high mechanical strength with relatively little use of material is achieved in a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention in that the support plate is supported by a convex guide plate which forms a lid for a swash plate housing.
- the support plate in the axial direction supporting guide plate is convex. This gives it a particularly high mechanical strength and allows to reduce the material thickness of the guide plate.
- the guide plate in such an embodiment performs the function of a cover for the swash plate housing, in which a swash plate is arranged, with which the pistons to achieve a reciprocating Cooperation together.
- the swashplate can be rotated about the longitudinal axis of the piston pump and, by the swashplate rotating, the pistons can be driven to reciprocate, under the action of which the volumes of the pumping chambers are periodically changed.
- the piston pump 10 comprises a pump head 12 with a suction inlet 14, via which the piston pump 10 can be supplied with a liquid to be pressurized, preferably water.
- a supply line can be connected to the suction inlet 14.
- the pump head 12 also has a pressure outlet 16 through which the pressurized fluid can be dispensed.
- a pressure hose can be connected, which carries at its free end a delivery member for the pressurized liquid, for example a spray lance or a spray nozzle.
- the pump head 12 is mounted in the axial direction with respect to a pump longitudinal axis 18 on a pump block 20 having a plurality of pump chambers 22, in each of which a piston 24 is immersed.
- the piston pump 10 shown in the drawing has a total of three pump chambers, wherein in the drawing only one pump chamber 22 can be seen.
- the pump chambers are arranged distributed uniformly around the pump longitudinal axis 18 and each have the same radial distance to the pump longitudinal axis 18.
- the pump chambers 22 are in each case via a suction valve 26 to the suction inlet 14 and via a pressure valve 28 with a central pressure chamber 30 in flow communication, which form the pump head 12 and the pump block 20 between them.
- the pressure chamber 30 is adjoined in the axial direction by a pressure line 32 which is aligned coaxially to the pump longitudinal axis 18 and via which the pressure chamber 30 is in fluid communication with the pressure outlet 16.
- a central, rotationally symmetrical to the pump longitudinal axis 18 formed insert member 34 is held, which is formed in the manner of a piston and surrounded by two sealing rings which are disposed between the insert member 34 and the wall of the pressure chamber 30.
- the insert part 34 forms a holding element for closing springs 40 of the pressure valves 28.
- the insert part 34 On its front side facing away from the closing springs 40, the insert part 34 has a recess 42, into which a closing body 44 of a central non-return valve dips, with the aid of which a central passage of the insert part 34 can be closed.
- the sealing of the pumping spaces 22 in the direction away from the pump head 12 takes place in each case with the aid of a sealing ring 46, which has a sealing lip 48 and surrounds a piston 24 in the circumferential direction.
- the sealing ring 46 is surrounded by a collar-like annular wall 50 of the pump block 20 in the circumferential direction.
- the annular wall 50 is cylindrical and aligned coaxially with a piston longitudinal axis 52. Relative to the piston longitudinal axis 52, the annular wall 50 supports the sealing ring 46 radially.
- the pump block 20 On the side facing away from the pump head 12, the pump block 20 is followed by a one-piece support plate 54, the configuration of which is in particular made FIG. 4 results. It has support rings 56 which each support a sealing ring 46 in the axial direction. Each support ring 56 is followed by a cylindrical support sleeve 58, which is aligned coaxially with a piston longitudinal axis 52 and surrounds an annular wall 50 in the circumferential direction. On the back of the support sleeves 58 facing away from the support plate 54 carries a plurality of cylindrical support collar 60, which is also coaxial with the piston longitudinal axes 52 are aligned and each having a drainage opening in the form of a drainage slot 62.
- the support plate 54 is integrally formed and made of a plastic material. Also for the production of the pump head 12 and the pump block 20 is in each case a plastic material used. In the area of the annular walls 50 and the surrounding support sleeves 58 of the pump block 20 is welded to the support plate 54. Each annular wall 50 is thus integrally connected via a circumferential weld with a support sleeve 58 into which the annular wall 50 is immersed. This gives the ring walls 50 a high mechanical stability, without having to have a considerable material thickness.
- the support plate 54 is supported in the axial direction on a guide plate 64 having a plurality of guide members in the form of coaxially aligned with the piston longitudinal axes 52 guide sleeves 66.
- a piston 24 slidably.
- the pistons are pressed against a swash plate 70 which is rotatably mounted about the pump axis 18 in a swash plate housing 72.
- the guide plate 64 forms a convexly outwardly curved cover for the swash plate housing 72, on which the guide plate 64 is supported in the axial direction.
- the swash plate 70 can be rotated in the usual manner by a known per se and therefore not shown in the drawing drive motor, in particular an electric motor to the pump longitudinal axis 18, wherein the rotational movement of the motor shaft via a in FIG. 1 schematically illustrated gear 74 is transmitted to the swash plate 70.
- each of a piston 24 circumferentially surrounding sealing rings 46 are fixed reliably both in the axial direction and in the radial direction, so that by means of the sealing rings 46 a high tightness can be achieved even at high pressures. Nevertheless, liquid exiting from the pump chambers 22 can escape to the outside via the drainage slots 62.
- the guide plate 64 can be placed on the swash plate housing 72 after the swash plate 70 has been mounted, wherein previously the pistons 24 were inserted into the guide sleeves 66.
- the support plate 54 can be placed on the guide plate 64, after previously the suction valves 26 were mounted in the pump block 20 and the pump block 20 has been welded to the support plate 54.
- the ring walls 50 are each welded to a support sleeve 58.
- an ultrasonic welding can be used, since both the pump block 20 and the support plate 54 are made of a plastic material.
- the pump head 12 After inserting the pressure valves 28 and the central insert member 34 including the central closure member 44 in the pump block 20 can be placed in a subsequent assembly step, the pump head 12 in the axial direction of the pump block 20, wherein between the pump head 12 and the pump block 20, an elastically deformable sealing ring 76 is positioned.
- the pump head 12 can then be clamped to the pump block 20.
- a clamping element 77 can be used, the in FIG. 1 is shown only schematically and on the pump block 20 facing away from end face 78 of the pump head 12 attacks.
- the clamping element 77 may engage over the pump head 12, the pump block 20 and the support plate 54 and be screwed with radially outwardly pointing screw receptacles of the guide plate 64.
- the manufacture and assembly of the piston pump 10 is thus very simple.
- the use of the one-piece support plate 54 with the respective annular wall 50 surrounding support sleeves 58 and the coaxial with the support sleeves 58 aligned support collar 60 makes it possible to keep the material use of the support plate 54 and the material use of the pump block 20 in the region of the annular walls 50 low.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Details Of Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
- Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kolbenpumpe für ein Hochdruckreinigungsgerät, mit mehreren Pumpräumen, in die jeweils ein hin und her bewegbarer Kolben eintaucht und die jeweils über ein Saugventil mit einem Saugeinlass und über ein Druckventil mit einem Druckauslass in Strömungsverbindung stehen, wobei die Kolben jeweils von einem Dichtring umgeben sind, der in radialer Richtung von einer Ringwand und in axialer Richtung von einem Stützring abgestützt ist, wobei die Kolbenpumpe einen einteiligen Stützschild aufweist, der die Stützringe ausbildet.The invention relates to a piston pump for a high-pressure cleaning device, with a plurality of pump chambers, in each of which a reciprocable piston dips and which are in each case via a suction valve with a suction inlet and a pressure valve with a pressure outlet in flow communication, wherein the piston in each case by a sealing ring are surrounded, which is supported in the radial direction by an annular wall and in the axial direction by a support ring, wherein the piston pump has a one-piece support plate which forms the support rings.
Mit Hilfe derartiger Kolbenpumpen kann eine Flüssigkeit, vorzugsweise Wasser, unter Druck gesetzt und auf einen zu reinigenden Gegenstand oder eine zu reinigende Fläche gerichtet werden. Hierzu können die Kolben zu einer reziprozierenden Bewegung angetrieben werden, beispielsweise mit Hilfe einer Taumelscheibe, so dass sich die Volumina der Pumpräume periodisch verändern und Flüssigkeit vom Saugeinlass über die Saugventile in die Pumpräume eingesaugt, dort unter Druck gesetzt und über die Druckventile und den Druckauslass abgegeben werden kann. An den Druckauslass kann beispielsweise ein Druckschlauch angeschlossen werden, der an seinem freien Ende ein Abgabeorgan für die unter Druck gesetzte Flüssigkeit trägt, beispielsweise eine Sprühdüse oder eine Sprühlanze.With the help of such piston pumps, a liquid, preferably water, can be pressurized and directed to an object to be cleaned or a surface to be cleaned. For this purpose, the pistons can be driven to a reciprocating motion, for example by means of a swash plate, so that the volumes of the pumping chambers change periodically and sucked liquid from the suction inlet via the suction valves in the pumping chambers, there pressurized and discharged through the pressure valves and the pressure outlet can be. At the pressure outlet, for example, a pressure hose can be connected, which carries at its free end a delivery member for the pressurized liquid, for example a spray nozzle or a spray lance.
Die Pumpräume werden jeweils mit Hilfe eines Dichtrings abgedichtet, der den in den Pumpraum eintauchenden Kolben in Umfangsrichtung umgibt. Der Dichtring kann beispielsweise eine Dichtlippe ausbilden, die unter dem im Pumpraum herrschenden Druck gegen die Mantelfläche des Kolbens gedrückt wird. In radialer Richtung wird der Dichtring üblicherweise von einer Ringwand abgestützt und zur Abstützung in axialer Richtung kommt üblicherweise ein Stützring zum Einsatz. Derartige Kolbenpumpen sind beispielsweise aus der
In vielen Fällen wird die Flüssigkeit in den Pumpräumen unter einen Druck von über 100 bar gesetzt. Die Kolbenpumpe unterliegt daher während ihres Betriebs beträchtlichen mechanischen Belastungen und muss eine hohe mechanische Festigkeit aufweisen. Deshalb weisen die Kolbenpumpen üblicherweise eine beachtliche Materialstärke auf. Dies ist mit nicht unbeträchtlichen Herstellungskosten verbunden. Darüber hinaus hat die relativ hohe Materialstärke zur Folge, dass das Gehäuse der Kolbenpumpe, das üblicherweise in einem Gießverfahren hergestellt wird, bei der Herstellung einem längeren Abkühlprozess unterliegt, der die Produktionsrate des Gehäuses limitiert. Auch dies erhöht die Herstellungskosten der Kolbenpumpe.In many cases, the liquid in the pump chambers is pressurized to over 100 bar. The piston pump is therefore subject during its operation considerable mechanical loads and must have a high mechanical strength. Therefore, the piston pumps usually have a considerable material thickness. This is associated with not inconsiderable manufacturing costs. In addition, the relatively high material thickness results in that the housing of the piston pump, which is usually produced in a casting process, during manufacture undergoes a prolonged cooling process, which limits the production rate of the housing. This also increases the manufacturing cost of the piston pump.
Aus der
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Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Kolbenpumpe der eingangs genannten Art derart weiterzubilden, dass sie kostengünstiger hergestellt werden kann.Object of the present invention is to develop a piston pump of the type mentioned in such a way that it can be produced more cheaply.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei einer Kolbenpumpe der gattungsgemäßen Art erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass der Stützschild die Ringwände in Umfangsrichtung umgibt.This object is achieved in a piston pump of the generic type according to the invention that the support shield surrounds the ring walls in the circumferential direction.
Sämtliche Stützringe, die die jeweils einen Kolben in Umfangsrichtung umgebenden Dichtringe in axialer Richtung abstützen, sind bei der erfindungsgemäßen Kolbenpumpe in einen einteiligen Stützschild integriert. Dies ermöglicht eine einfachere Montage der Kolbenpumpe, da in einem einzigen Montageschritt sämtliche Stützringe positioniert werden können.All support rings, which support the sealing rings each surrounding a piston in the circumferential direction in the axial direction, are integrated in the piston pump according to the invention in a one-piece support shield. This allows a simpler installation of the piston pump, since all support rings can be positioned in a single assembly step.
Der erfindungsgemäß zum Einsatz kommende einteilige Stützschild hat darüber hinaus die Funktion, die voranstehend genannten Ringwände in Umfangsrichtung zu umgeben und somit die Ringwände in radialer Richtung abzustützen. Dies erlaubt es, den Materialeinsatz für die Ringwände zu reduzieren, denn die damit einhergehende Verringerung der mechanischen Festigkeit der Ringwände wird durch den Stützschild kompensiert, der sämtliche Ringwände in Umfangsrichtung umgibt.The inventively used one-piece support shield also has the function to surround the above-mentioned ring walls in the circumferential direction and thus support the ring walls in the radial direction. This makes it possible to reduce the material used for the ring walls, because the concomitant reduction in the mechanical strength of the ring walls is compensated by the support plate surrounding all the ring walls in the circumferential direction.
Der einteilige Stützschild ermöglicht es somit, den Materialeinsatz für das Pumpengehäuse zu reduzieren und die Montage der Kolbenpumpe zu vereinfachen.The one-piece support plate thus makes it possible to reduce the material used for the pump housing and to simplify the assembly of the piston pump.
Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform weist der Stützschild mehrere Stützhülsen auf, in die jeweils eine Ringwand eintaucht. Wie bereits erläutert, erfolgt die Abdichtung der Pumpräume mittels der Dichtringe, die jeweils einen Kolben umgeben und ihrerseits von einer Ringwand umgeben sind und sich an einem Stützring in axialer Richtung abstützen. Die Ringwand taucht bei der vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung in eine Stützhülse ein, die vom einteiligen Stützschild definiert wird.In an advantageous embodiment, the support plate on a plurality of support sleeves, in each of which an annular wall is immersed. As already explained, the sealing of the pumping spaces by means of the sealing rings, which each surround a piston and in turn are surrounded by an annular wall and are supported on a support ring in the axial direction. The annular wall immersed in the advantageous embodiment of the invention in a support sleeve, which is defined by the one-piece support shield.
Es kann beispielsweise vorgesehen sein, dass die erfindungsgemäße Kolbenpumpe drei Kolben umfasst, die jeweils in einen Pumpraum eintauchen, wobei jedem Pumpraum eine Ringwand zugeordnet ist, die einen Dichtring in radialer Richtung abstützt und die in eine Stützhülse des Stützschildes eintaucht. Die Ringwand kann bei einer derartigen Ausgestaltung besonders dünnwandig ausgebildet sein und dennoch kann die zu fördernde Flüssigkeit in den Pumpräumen unter einen hohen Druck gesetzt werden.It can be provided, for example, that the piston pump according to the invention comprises three pistons, each immersed in a pump chamber, each pump chamber is associated with an annular wall which supports a sealing ring in the radial direction and which dips into a support sleeve of the support shield. The annular wall may be formed particularly thin-walled in such a configuration and yet the liquid to be delivered can be placed in the pump chambers under a high pressure.
Bei einer besonders bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung umfasst die Kolbenpumpe einen Pumpenblock, der die Pumpräume aufweist und der mit dem Stützschild stoffschlüssig verbunden ist. Dies erlaubt es, die Herstellungskosten zusätzlich zu reduzieren und auch die Montage der Kolbenpumpe zu vereinfachen.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the piston pump comprises a pump block, which has the pumping chambers and which is integrally connected to the support plate. This makes it possible to additionally reduce the manufacturing costs and also to simplify the assembly of the piston pump.
Als stoffschlüssige Verbindung kann beispielsweise eine Klebeverbindung zum Einsatz kommen. Eine Klebstoffschicht kann beispielsweise zwischen den jeweils einen Dichtring in Umfangsrichtung umgebenden Ringwänden und dem die Ringwand in Umfangsrichtung umgebenden Stützschild vorgesehen sein. Dies ermöglicht eine mechanisch belastbare Verbindung zwischen dem Pumpenblock und dem Stützschild. Die Klebstoffschicht kann darüber hinaus als Dichtelement für die zu fördernde Flüssigkeit dienen. Außerdem kann durch die Klebeverbindung eine gleichmäßige Spannungsverteilung und Kraftübertragung erreicht werden. Spannungsspitzen, wie sie häufig bei einer Schraubverbindung auftreten können, können reduziert werden.As an integral connection, for example, an adhesive bond can be used. An adhesive layer may be provided, for example, between the respective annular walls surrounding a respective sealing ring in the circumferential direction and the support plate surrounding the annular wall in the circumferential direction. This allows a mechanically strong connection between the pump block and the support plate. The adhesive layer can also serve as a sealing element for the liquid to be delivered. In addition, through the adhesive bond a uniform stress distribution and power transmission can be achieved. Voltage peaks, which can often occur with a screw connection, can be reduced.
Bei einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist der Pumpenblock mit dem Stützschild verschweißt. Dies ermöglicht eine besonders stark belastbare Verbindung, die auch sehr hohen Drücken zuverlässig standhält.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the pump block is welded to the support plate. This allows a particularly strong connection that can withstand very high pressures reliably.
Günstig ist es, wenn die jeweils einen Dichtring in Umfangsrichtung umgebenden Ringwände jeweils mit einer umgebenden Stützhülse verschweißt sind.It is advantageous if each of a sealing ring in the circumferential direction surrounding ring walls are each welded to a surrounding support sleeve.
Bevorzugt sind der Pumpenblock und der Stützschild aus einem Kunststoffmaterial gefertigt. Dies erlaubt es, den Pumpenblock mit dem Stützschild beispielsweise durch eine Ultraschallverschweißung zu verbinden. Umfasst der Stützschild Stützhülsen, wie dies voranstehend erläutert wurde, so können die Stützhülsen jeweils auf eine Ringwand aufgesetzt und mit dieser auf konstruktiv einfache Weise verschweißt werden. Die Schweißverbindung ermöglicht eine dauerhafte Fixierung der beiden Teile aneinander, so dass sie anschließend keine Relativbewegung mehr ausführen können. Da mit der Schweißverbindung auch eine optimale Abdichtung erzielt werden kann, können zusätzliche Dichtungen zwischen den beiden Teilen entfallen.Preferably, the pump block and the support plate are made of a plastic material. This makes it possible to connect the pump block with the support plate, for example by an ultrasonic welding. If the support plate comprises support sleeves, as has been explained above, the support sleeves can each be placed on an annular wall and welded thereto in a structurally simple manner. The welded joint allows a permanent fixation of the two parts to each other, so that they can then perform no relative movement more. As with the weld joint and an optimal seal can be achieved, additional seals between the two parts can be omitted.
Von Vorteil ist es, wenn der Stützschild auf einem Führungsschild aufsitzt, der Führungsglieder zur Führung der Kolben in axialer Richtung aufweist. Mittels der Führungsglieder des Führungsschildes können die Kolben in axialer Richtung geführt werden. Gleichzeitig hat der Führungsschild die Funktion, den Stützschild in axialer Richtung abzustützen.It is advantageous if the support plate is seated on a guide plate having guide members for guiding the piston in the axial direction. By means of the guide members of the guide plate, the pistons can be guided in the axial direction. At the same time the guide plate has the function to support the support plate in the axial direction.
Es kann beispielsweise vorgesehen sein, dass der Stützschild vorzugsweise koaxial zu den Stützhülsen ausgerichtete Stützkragen aufweist, die auf dem Führungsschild aufsitzen und jeweils einen Kolben in Umfangsrichtung umgeben. Mit Hilfe der Stützkragen kann sich der Stützschild auf konstruktiv einfache Weise am Führungsschild abstützen. Darüber hinaus hat der Einsatz der Stützkragen den Vorteil, dass die mechanische Belastbarkeit des Stützschildes erhöht wird, wobei die Materialstärke des Stützschildes verhältnismäßig gering gehalten werden kann.It can be provided, for example, that the support plate preferably has coaxial with the support sleeves aligned support collar which sit on the guide plate and each surrounding a piston in the circumferential direction. With the help of the support collar, the support plate can be structurally simple Support the way on the guide plate. In addition, the use of the support collar has the advantage that the mechanical strength of the support plate is increased, the material thickness of the support plate can be kept relatively low.
Bevorzugt weisen die Stützkragen jeweils eine Entwässerungsöffnung auf, beispielsweise einen Entwässerungsschlitz. Über die Entwässerungsöffnung kann Flüssigkeit, die unbeabsichtigt aus den Pumpräumen über den jeweils einen Kolben umgebenden Dichtring austritt, an die Umgebung abgegeben werden.The support collars preferably each have a drainage opening, for example a drainage slot. Via the drainage opening, liquid which inadvertently emerges from the pump chambers via the sealing ring surrounding a respective piston can be released to the environment.
Eine besonders hohe mechanische Festigkeit bei verhältnismäßig geringem Materialeinsatz wird bei einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung dadurch erzielt, dass der Stützschild von einem konvex geformten Führungsschild abgestützt ist, der einen Deckel für ein Taumelscheibengehäuse ausbildet. Bei einer derartigen Ausgestaltung ist der den Stützschild in axialer Richtung abstützende Führungsschild konvex ausgebildet. Dies verleiht ihm eine besonders hohe mechanische Belastbarkeit und erlaubt es, die Materialstärke des Führungsschildes zu reduzieren. Zusätzlich zu seiner Funktion, die Kolben in axialer Richtung zu führen und den Stützschild in axialer Richtung abzustützen, übernimmt der Führungsschild bei einer derartigen Ausgestaltung die Funktion eines Deckels für das Taumelscheibengehäuse, in dem eine Taumelscheibe angeordnet ist, mit der die Kolben zur Erzielung einer reziprozierenden Bewegung zusammenwirken. Die Taumelscheibe kann um die Längsachse der Kolbenpumpe in Drehung versetzt werden und durch die Drehbewegung der Taumelscheibe können die Kolben zu einer hin- und hergehenden Bewegung angetrieben werden, unter deren Wirkung die Volumina der Pumpräume periodisch verändert werden.A particularly high mechanical strength with relatively little use of material is achieved in a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention in that the support plate is supported by a convex guide plate which forms a lid for a swash plate housing. In such an embodiment of the support plate in the axial direction supporting guide plate is convex. This gives it a particularly high mechanical strength and allows to reduce the material thickness of the guide plate. In addition to its function of guiding the pistons in the axial direction and supporting the support plate in the axial direction, the guide plate in such an embodiment performs the function of a cover for the swash plate housing, in which a swash plate is arranged, with which the pistons to achieve a reciprocating Cooperation together. The swashplate can be rotated about the longitudinal axis of the piston pump and, by the swashplate rotating, the pistons can be driven to reciprocate, under the action of which the volumes of the pumping chambers are periodically changed.
Die nachfolgende Beschreibung einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung dient im Zusammenhang mit der Zeichnung der näheren Erläuterung. Es zeigen:
- Figur 1:
- eine schematische Längsschnittansicht einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Kolbenpumpe;
- Figur 2:
- eine Draufsicht auf einen mit einem Stützschild verschweißten Pumpenblock der Kolbenpumpe aus
Figur 1 ; - Figur 3:
- eine Schnittansicht des mit dem Stützschild verschweißten Pumpenblocks längs der Linie 3-3 in
Figur 2 und - Figur 4:
- eine Schnittdarstellung des Pumpenblocks und des Stützschildes nach Art einer Explosionszeichnung.
- FIG. 1:
- a schematic longitudinal sectional view of an advantageous embodiment of a piston pump according to the invention;
- FIG. 2:
- a plan view of a welded to a support plate pump block of the piston pump
FIG. 1 ; - FIG. 3:
- a sectional view of the welded to the support plate pump block along the line 3-3 in
FIG. 2 and - FIG. 4:
- a sectional view of the pump block and the support plate in the manner of an exploded view.
In der Zeichnung ist schematisch eine vorteilhafte Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Kolbenpumpe dargestellt, die insgesamt mit dem Bezugszeichen 10 belegt ist. Die Kolbenpumpe 10 umfasst einen Pumpenkopf 12 mit einem Saugeinlass 14, über den der Kolbenpumpe 10 eine unter Druck zu setzende Flüssigkeit, vorzugsweise Wasser, zugeführt werden kann. An den Saugeinlass 14 kann beispielsweise eine Versorgungsleitung angeschlossen werden. Der Pumpenkopf 12 weist außerdem einen Druckauslass 16 auf, über den die unter Druck gesetzte Flüssigkeit abgegeben werden kann. An den Druckauslass 16 kann beispielsweise ein Druckschlauch angeschlossen werden, der an seinem freien Ende ein Abgabeorgan für die unter Druck gesetzte Flüssigkeit trägt, beispielsweise eine Sprühlanze oder eine Sprühdüse.In the drawing, an advantageous embodiment of a piston pump according to the invention is shown schematically, which is generally occupied by the
Der Pumpenkopf 12 ist in axialer Richtung bezogen auf eine Pumpenlängsachse 18 auf einen Pumpenblock 20 aufgesetzt, der mehrere Pumpräume 22 aufweist, in die jeweils ein Kolben 24 eintaucht. Die in der Zeichnung dargestellte Kolbenpumpe 10 weist insgesamt drei Pumpräume auf, wobei in der Zeichnung nur ein Pumpraum 22 erkennbar ist. Die Pumpräume sind um die Pumpenlängsachse 18 gleichmäßig verteilt angeordnet und weisen jeweils denselben radialen Abstand zur Pumpenlängsachse 18 auf.The
Die Pumpräume 22 stehen jeweils über ein Saugventil 26 mit dem Saugeinlass 14 und über ein Druckventil 28 mit einer zentralen Druckkammer 30 in Strömungsverbindung, die der Pumpenkopf 12 und der Pumpenblock 20 zwischen sich ausbilden. An die Druckkammer 30 schließt sich in axialer Richtung eine koaxial zur Pumpenlängsachse 18 ausgerichtete Druckleitung 32 an, über die die Druckkammer 30 mit dem Druckauslass 16 in Strömungsverbindung steht.The
In der Druckkammer 30 ist ein zentrales, drehsymmetrisch zur Pumpenlängsachse 18 ausgebildetes Einsatzteil 34 gehalten, das nach Art eines Kolbens ausgebildet ist und von zwei Dichtringen umgeben ist, die zwischen dem Einsatzteil 34 und der Wand der Druckkammer 30 angeordnet sind. Das Einsatzteil 34 bildet ein Halteelement für Schließfedern 40 der Druckventile 28 aus. Auf seiner den Schließfedern 40 abgewandten Vorderseite weist das Einsatzteil 34 eine Ausnehmung 42 auf, in die ein Schließkörper 44 eines zentralen Rückschlagventils eintaucht, mit dessen Hilfe ein zentraler Durchlass des Einsatzteils 34 verschlossen werden kann.In the
Die Abdichtung der Pumpräume 22 in die dem Pumpenkopf 12 abgewandte Richtung erfolgt jeweils mit Hilfe eines Dichtrings 46, der eine Dichtlippe 48 aufweist und einen Kolben 24 in Umfangsrichtung umgibt. Der Dichtring 46 ist von einer kragenartigen Ringwand 50 des Pumpenblocks 20 in Umfangsrichtung umgeben. Die Ringwand 50 ist zylindrisch ausgebildet und koaxial zu einer Kolbenlängsachse 52 ausgerichtet. Bezogen auf die Kolbenlängsachse 52 stützt die Ringwand 50 den Dichtring 46 radial ab.The sealing of the
Auf der dem Pumpenkopf 12 abgewandten Seite schließt sich an den Pumpenblock 20 ein einteiliger Stützschild 54 an, dessen Ausgestaltung sich insbesondere aus
Der Stützschild 54 ist einteilig ausgebildet und aus einem Kunststoffmaterial hergestellt. Auch für die Herstellung des Pumpenkopfes 12 und des Pumpenblocks 20 kommt jeweils ein Kunststoffmaterial zum Einsatz. Im Bereich der Ringwände 50 und der diese umgebenden Stützhülsen 58 ist der Pumpenblock 20 mit dem Stützschild 54 verschweißt. Jede Ringwand 50 ist somit über eine umlaufende Schweißnaht stoffschlüssig mit einer Stützhülse 58 verbunden, in die die Ringwand 50 eintaucht. Dies verleiht den Ringwänden 50 eine hohe mechanische Stabilität, ohne dass sie eine beachtliche Materialstärke aufweisen müssen.The
Mit den Stützkragen 60 stützt sich der Stützschild 54 in axialer Richtung auf einem Führungsschild 64 ab, der mehrere Führungsglieder in Form von koaxial zu den Kolbenlängsachsen 52 ausgerichteten Führungshülsen 66 aufweisen. An jeder Führungshülse 66 liegt ein Kolben 24 gleitend an. Mittels einer die Führungshülsen 66 jeweils umgebenden Rückstellfeder 68 werden die Kolben gegen eine Taumelscheibe 70 gepresst, die um die Pumpenlängsachse 18 drehbar in einem Taumelscheibengehäuse 72 gelagert ist. Der Führungsschild 64 bildet einen konvex nach außen gekrümmten Deckel für das Taumelscheibengehäuse 72 aus, an dem sich der Führungsschild 64 in axialer Richtung abstützt.With the
Die Taumelscheibe 70 kann in üblicher Weise von einem an sich bekannten und deshalb in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellten Antriebsmotor, insbesondere einem Elektromotor, um die Pumpenlängsachse 18 in Drehung versetzt werden, wobei die Drehbewegung der Motorwelle über ein in
Durch die jeweils eine Ringwand 50 in Umfangsrichtung umgebende Schweißverbindung mit einer Stützhülse 58 wird eine hohe mechanische Stabilität erreicht, wobei der Materialeinsatz sowohl für den Pumpenblock 20 als auch für den Stützschild 54 verhältnismäßig gering gehalten werden kann. Nach dem Verschweißen des Pumpenblocks 20 mit dem Stützschild 54 sind die jeweils einen Kolben 24 in Umfangsrichtung umgebenden Dichtringe 46 sowohl in axialer Richtung als auch in radialer Richtung zuverlässig fixiert, so dass mittels der Dichtringe 46 eine hohe Dichtigkeit auch bei hohen Drücken erzielt werden kann. Dennoch aus den Pumpräumen 22 austretende Flüssigkeit kann über die Entwässerungsschlitze 62 nach außen entweichen.By a respective
Zur Montage der Kolbenpumpe 10 kann auf das Taumelscheibengehäuse 72, nachdem die Taumelscheibe 70 montiert wurde, der Führungsschild 64 aufgesetzt werden, wobei zuvor die Kolben 24 in die Führungshülsen 66 eingesetzt wurden. Anschließend kann auf den Führungsschild 64 der Stützschild 54 aufgesetzt werden, nachdem zuvor die Saugventile 26 im Pumpenblock 20 montiert wurden und der Pumpenblock 20 mit dem Stützschild 54 verschweißt wurde. Hierbei tauchen die jeweils einen Dichtring 46 in Umfangsrichtung umgebenden Ringwände 50 in die Stützhülsen 58 ein. Die Ringwände 50 werden jeweils mit einer Stützhülse 58 verschweißt. Hierzu kann eine Ultraschallverschweißung zum Einsatz kommen, da sowohl der Pumpenblock 20 als auch der Stützschild 54 aus einem Kunststoffmaterial hergestellt sind.To mount the
Nach Einfügen der Druckventile 28 und des zentralen Einsatzteiles 34 einschließlich des zentralen Schließkörpers 44 in den Pumpenblock 20 kann in einem nachfolgenden Montageschritt der Pumpenkopf 12 in axialer Richtung auf den Pumpenblock 20 aufgesetzt werden, wobei zwischen dem Pumpenkopf 12 und dem Pumpenblock 20 ein elastisch verformbarer Dichtring 76 positioniert wird. In einem nachfolgenden Montageschritt kann dann der Pumpenkopf 12 mit dem Pumpenblock 20 verspannt werden. Hierzu kann beispielsweise ein Spannelement 77 zum Einsatz kommen, das in
Die Herstellung und Montage der Kolbenpumpe 10 gestaltet sich somit sehr einfach. Der Einsatz des einteiligen Stützschildes 54 mit den jeweils eine Ringwand 50 umgebenden Stützhülsen 58 und den koaxial zu den Stützhülsen 58 ausgerichteten Stützkragen 60 ermöglicht es, den Materialeinsatz des Stützschildes 54 und auch den Materialeinsatz des Pumpenblockes 20 im Bereich der Ringwände 50 gering zu halten.The manufacture and assembly of the
Claims (9)
- Piston pump for a high-pressure cleaning appliance, comprising a plurality of pump chambers (22) into each of which one piston (24) which is movable back and forth plunges, and which are each in flow connection via a suction valve (26) with a suction inlet (14) and via a pressure valve (28) with a pressure outlet (16), the pistons (24) each being surrounded by a sealing ring (46) which is supported in the radial direction by a ring wall (50) and in the axial direction by a support ring (56), characterized in that the piston pump (10) comprises a one-piece support shield (54) which forms the support rings (56) and surrounds the ring walls (50) in the circumferential direction.
- Piston pump in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the support shield (54) comprises a plurality of support sleeves (58) into each of which a ring wall (50) extends.
- Piston pump in accordance with claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the piston pump (10) comprises a pump block (20) which includes the pump chambers (22) and is connected to the support shield (54) by substance-to-substance bonding.
- Piston pump in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pump block (20) is welded to the support shield (54).
- Piston pump in accordance with claim 2, characterized in that the ring walls (50) are each welded to a surrounding support sleeve (58).
- Piston pump in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pump block (20) and the support shield (54) are made of a plastic material.
- Piston pump in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support shield (54) is fitted on a guide shield (64) comprising guide members for guiding the pistons (24) in the axial direction.
- Piston pump in accordance with claim 7, characterized in that the support shield (54) comprises support collars (60) which are fitted on the guide shield (64) and surround one piston (24) each in the circumferential direction.
- Piston pump in accordance with claim 8, characterized in that the support collars (60) comprise one drainage opening (62) each.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2012/050867 WO2013107519A1 (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2012-01-20 | Piston pump for a high-pressure cleaning device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2805051A1 EP2805051A1 (en) | 2014-11-26 |
EP2805051B1 true EP2805051B1 (en) | 2019-12-11 |
Family
ID=45562982
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP12702458.6A Active EP2805051B1 (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2012-01-20 | Piston pump for a high-pressure cleaning device |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20140328698A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2805051B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103998778B (en) |
BR (1) | BR112014012998A2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013107519A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102022100388A1 (en) | 2022-01-10 | 2023-07-13 | Alfred Kärcher SE & Co. KG | Motor pump unit, in particular for a high-pressure cleaning device |
Family Cites Families (12)
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US2146709A (en) * | 1935-07-10 | 1939-02-14 | Union Steam Pump Company | Pump for viscolizer valves |
US3323461A (en) * | 1965-01-21 | 1967-06-06 | Richard A Bennett | Metering pump |
US3362343A (en) * | 1966-03-01 | 1968-01-09 | Clamar Inc | Liquid dispenser |
DE3623421A1 (en) * | 1986-07-11 | 1988-01-14 | Vickers Systems Gmbh | STEERING PUMP |
DE4445519C1 (en) | 1994-12-20 | 1996-06-05 | Kaercher Gmbh & Co Alfred | Piston pump for high pressure cleaning appliances |
WO1998012434A1 (en) * | 1996-09-19 | 1998-03-26 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Piston pump |
US6092998A (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 2000-07-25 | Devilbiss Air Power Company | Pump for a pressure washer |
CN2408258Y (en) * | 2000-02-03 | 2000-11-29 | 朱敬之 | Submersible pump |
EP1435457A1 (en) * | 2003-01-03 | 2004-07-07 | Lavorwash S.p.A. | Swash plate pump with automatically variable flow rate |
DE102007020298A1 (en) * | 2007-04-20 | 2008-10-23 | Alfred Kärcher Gmbh & Co. Kg | Piston pump for a high-pressure cleaner |
DE102007020299A1 (en) * | 2007-04-20 | 2008-10-23 | Alfred Kärcher Gmbh & Co. Kg | Piston pump for a high-pressure cleaner |
JP5210261B2 (en) * | 2008-07-30 | 2013-06-12 | 株式会社丸山製作所 | Reciprocating pump |
-
2012
- 2012-01-20 EP EP12702458.6A patent/EP2805051B1/en active Active
- 2012-01-20 CN CN201280062667.3A patent/CN103998778B/en active Active
- 2012-01-20 WO PCT/EP2012/050867 patent/WO2013107519A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-01-20 BR BR112014012998A patent/BR112014012998A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2014
- 2014-07-17 US US14/334,068 patent/US20140328698A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
None * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102022100388A1 (en) | 2022-01-10 | 2023-07-13 | Alfred Kärcher SE & Co. KG | Motor pump unit, in particular for a high-pressure cleaning device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2013107519A1 (en) | 2013-07-25 |
BR112014012998A2 (en) | 2017-06-13 |
CN103998778B (en) | 2017-05-31 |
CN103998778A (en) | 2014-08-20 |
US20140328698A1 (en) | 2014-11-06 |
EP2805051A1 (en) | 2014-11-26 |
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