EP2804681A1 - Verfahren zur aufbereitung von wässrigen lösungen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur aufbereitung von wässrigen lösungenInfo
- Publication number
- EP2804681A1 EP2804681A1 EP12808267.4A EP12808267A EP2804681A1 EP 2804681 A1 EP2804681 A1 EP 2804681A1 EP 12808267 A EP12808267 A EP 12808267A EP 2804681 A1 EP2804681 A1 EP 2804681A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- evaporator
- steam
- aqueous solution
- tubes
- compressor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
- B01D3/007—Energy recuperation; Heat pumps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/06—Evaporators with vertical tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/28—Evaporating with vapour compression
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
- B01D5/0003—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation by using heat-exchange surfaces for indirect contact between gases or vapours and the cooling medium
- B01D5/0012—Vertical tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
- B01D5/0033—Other features
- B01D5/0039—Recuperation of heat, e.g. use of heat pump(s), compression
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vapor compression method and a corresponding vapor compression system.
- DE 1 03 25 230 A1 discloses a corresponding method or a corresponding system.
- the vapor compression method basically already characterized by a relatively low energy consumption, but it is an object of the present application to provide a method or a system with which a distillation with further reduced energy consumption is possible, which works both reliable and low maintenance and, in particular even with only a small amount of available services, especially when starting, gets by and to be able to deal with power fluctuations of the available power.
- This object is achieved by a method according to claim 1 and a system according to claim 4.
- the dependent claims 2 to 3 and 4 to 1 0 indicate advantageous developments.
- aqueous Solutions for the treatment of aqueous solutions can be used in various application scenarios.
- drinking water can be generated or wastewater can be purified.
- aqueous Solutions containing (harmful and / or value) substances by the process on concentrate.
- an aqueous solution is preheated and the preheated aqueous solution is fed to an evaporator at a lower end for producing steam.
- the steam is supplied from an upper end of the evaporator, in particular directly, so in particular without additional heating, enrichment by further steam, filtering and / or deposition, a compressor for compression.
- the compressed in the compressor steam is used, in particular directly, so in particular here without additional heating, deposition, filtration and / or enrichment by further steam for energy supply to the evaporator.
- the thus cooled, possibly at least partially condensed steam is used to preheat the aqueous solution.
- the method according to the invention is further characterized in that the preheated aqueous solution in the evaporator is heated in evaporator tubes, which are surrounded by the compressed steam, and at least one, in particular obliquely arranged, additional heating is provided in or in front of the evaporator.
- the auxiliary heating is arranged exactly in such a way that the raw water rising through the heating passes into the obliquely arranged straight tubes of the evaporator in such a way that a natural circulation, which for a self-regulating reaction of the system to fluctuations, which in the case of small plants due to the small capacities Problems lead, supported and that especially with small plants difficult starting is made possible.
- the radiators are for this purpose according to the invention preferably designed so that the heat transfer (Heizspot, HS) takes place at a defined location.
- the compressed steam both for heating the evaporator and for preheating a particularly good energy yield is achieved.
- the direct use of the compressed steam for flushing the evaporator tubes this is particularly well guaranteed.
- the heating arranged in the evaporator or in front of the evaporator enables regulation of the operation as well as effecting the start-up of the process. Alternatively or additionally, a regulation by adjusting the speed of the fan is possible according to the invention.
- At least one return pipe is provided with respect to the evaporator tubes larger cross-section.
- the larger cross section of the return pipe refers to a comparison with one evaporator tube and / or a comparison with the sum of the cross sections of the evaporator tubes.
- Such a return pipe is designed so that non-evaporated aqueous solution fall into the lower part of the evaporator and, due to the flow through the density gradient, rises into the evaporator tubes and can be reheated there.
- the aqueous solution is heated in obliquely inclined evaporator tubes, wherein the evaporator tubes are inclined towards the top in the direction of the return pipe. ln a preferred embodiment of the invention, the larger cross section of the return pipe itself.
- the evaporator tubes are advantageously at least partially inclined in the direction of this return pipe. This means that their upper end is arranged in cross-section closer to the upper end of the return pipe, as the lower end of the evaporator tube. For example, if an outboard and provided around the evaporator tubes return pipe provided so the evaporator tubes are inclined to the outside. In a circular return pipe, the corresponding inclined evaporator tubes thus end up at a larger radius than they begin below.
- the inclination of the evaporator tubes depends on the capacity of the system and is advantageously not more than 40 ° measured against the vertical. In particular, the slope is in the interval 1 0 ° to 40 °.
- a particularly advantageous trained natural circulation can be generated, which in particular forms a laminar flow and thus leads to lower deposits in the evaporator tubes.
- This arrangement of the tubes according to the invention advantageously leads to a flow of raw water rising due to the heating and the resulting density gradient, which supports natural circulation and enables the process to react to fluctuations in a self-regulating manner.
- inclined tubes steam condenses in a type which is more advantageous over known vertically and horizontally arranged tubes in the prior art. Generally, vapor condenses on a surface when the wall temperature is below the saturation temperature of the vapor.
- the condensate is then deposited on the wall as a coherent liquid film (film condensation) or in droplet form (drop condensation).
- film condensation the wettability of the cooling surface and the surface tension of the condensate play a decisive role. If the condensate wets the vertical cooling surface, a coherent, insulating liquid film (film condensation) is formed, which deteriorates the heat transfer. This flows down the wall, becomes thicker and forms an increasing heat transfer resistance 1 / ct.
- the steam is first directed to the pipe surface located at the top of the sloped pipes, forming a thinner film that has lower heat transfer resistance and better transmits heat.
- the film of larger thickness is tapered due to the gravitational force and thus covers a smaller area, whereby the area with a higher heat transfer resistance is smaller, and overall the heat transfer is more effective.
- the heating or heating of the aqueous solution takes place in straight evaporator tubes.
- the evaporator tubes are thus advantageously not bent and in particular have a constant cross section over their length. This allows easy cleaning, especially if the evaporator tubes are easily accessible through a removable evaporator head.
- the compressor head which is connected via exactly one flange with the apparatus, so removed that the raw water does not have to be drained and can remain in the evaporator.
- the obliquely arranged straight evaporator tubes are freely accessible from above and can be easily cleaned, for example, with a simple round brush.
- the dirt particles disadvantageously remain in the pipes following gravity and can adhere by the dry traps and thus form undesirable germs for the encrustation, as a result of which the cleaning of conventional installations is less effective.
- a central evaporator tube bundle is provided and the return tube is arranged outside the evaporator tube bundle, in particular so that it encloses the evaporator tube bundle.
- the return pipe encloses the evaporator tubes to the heat losses occurring for the process to use.
- the raw water which is located outside near the surface, is slightly cooler than the raw water in the center of the plant. It has been observed that the arrangement according to the invention supports natural circulation.
- the natural circulation principle is in this way according to the invention a self-regulating system.
- the cooling of the evaporator tubes is carried out according to the invention by the circulating raw water volumes that adjust independently depending on the heating.
- the evaporator tubes are cooled according to the invention advantageously better, so that the risk of overheating of the evaporator tubes is reduced, which is a great advantage of the natural circulation of the invention. As a result, the capacity increases and more wastewater is purified.
- the raw water amount that is heated by the preheater by just this condensate be adapted to the amount of condensate, so that the raw water quantity varies simultaneously with the amount of condensate in order to allow effective preheating ,
- the process advantageously takes place in such a way that encrustation does not occur.
- a natural circulation by a Density gradients in the evaporator tubes, an inclination of the evaporator tubes, an outboard return pipe and the orientation and construction of the heating elements supported leads advantageously to a much more stable and self-regulating behavior of the system than in conventional systems.
- the compressed vapor is guided centrally, in particular via at least one centrally arranged, in particular conical, baffle, in particular from above into the middle of the evaporator tube bundle.
- a guide results in a particularly efficient distribution and utilization of the steam.
- the arrangement of the baffle in the height and the angle of the cone are selected according to the invention as a function of the flow rate of the vapor and the number of evaporator tubes, which are again selected according to the invention in dependence on the surface of the evaporator.
- the smaller the angle of the baffle executed as a cone the higher it is arranged according to the invention, while the most uniform possible flushing of the evaporator tubes with steam is sought.
- the impact means according to the invention can be dimensioned during the design.
- the positioning of the baffle can also be varied during operation for optimization.
- adjusting means are provided according to the invention.
- the aqueous solution is preheated so that it has a temperature of 80 ° C to 98 ° C, in particular from 93 ° C to 96 ° C after passing through the preheater. This can be done by a corresponding design of the heat exchanger. In such a process management, a particularly efficient process design is possible.
- the pressure at the upper end of the evaporator by regulating the heater and / or the compressor, in particular the speed of the compressor, to 0.9 to 1, 5 bar, in particular to 1, 05 bar set.
- This also results in a particularly efficient process management, which leads to low investment in energy consumption and in particular laminar flows in the evaporator to plant-conserving results. For example, a very low calcification and / or encrustation occurs, which is also supported by the described arrangement of the evaporator tubes.
- the heat of the remaining brine in the evaporator for preheating, heating or heating is used in another evaporator.
- the brine can be used for example for supplying the auxiliary heating. It is also possible to use the brine to preheat the aqueous solution. Depending on the amount of Solenanfalls this can be achieved a significant energy demand reduction when multiple evaporators are used, especially when these evaporators are connected in series and / or in stages. In such a chain, the brine is concentrated particularly efficiently.
- the heat of the steam after preheating the aqueous solution or excess steam of the evaporator or after compression for preheating, heating or heating in a further evaporator, in particular the concentration of the brine is used.
- Such a use of the steam realizes a particularly efficient process control, in particular in a series connection of such evaporators. This is especially the case when a fluctuating amount of energy is required due to fluctuating environmental influences or fluctuation of the components contained in the aqueous solution. Also, this can be approached, for example, other evaporators.
- the evaporator is operated according to the invention in the natural circulation method, so apart from the described compressor, no further compressors or pumps are used.
- the evaporator advantageously, nucleate boiling in the pipes and, consequently, strong unwanted encrustations are avoided.
- self-regulation of the process is achieved with the natural circulation method and thus reduces the danger of encrustation.
- the heat is transferred by the proper dimensioning of the heat exchanger so that the encrustation is extremely low.
- a laminar flow is set in the tubes of the evaporator, in particular the evaporator tubes.
- the steam generated in the evaporator is discharged vertically upwards and fed to a compressor arranged above the evaporator and the compressed steam is then introduced again after appropriate deflection vertically from above into the evaporator for heating.
- the compressor may also be arranged in or after the deflection.
- the decisive factor is that the corresponding lines, in particular the line leading to the compressor, are arranged predominantly vertically and above the evaporator. As a result, condensate accumulating, especially when starting, is returned to the evaporator as efficiently as possible.
- blower directly above the evaporator not only leads to less condensation in the pipes, but also also to lower heat losses, which affect the more the process, the smaller the plant is. If condensate accumulates in the rotary blower, it blocks and takes damage, which is also excluded by this arrangement.
- the evaporator is started up in such a way that a valve located in the steam chamber is opened to the outside and kept open until steam, in particular a certain amount of steam exits the valve and this then closed.
- the escaping energy can be used to preheat other evaporators or the preheating of the aqueous solution.
- the aqueous solution is degassed before preheating and / or before being fed into the evaporator.
- the aqueous solution is transferred by gravitational force, preferably without the use of pumps, in the evaporator.
- the water level in the evaporator is controlled so that the water level comes to lie 5 - 30 mm above the ends of the evaporator tubes or the uppermost evaporator tube.
- the compressor with a speed of 4,000 - 5,000, in particular 4,500, revolutions per minute and / or operated at a speed of 2,000 - 4,000, in particular 2,500 revolutions per minute.
- the evaporator at least in a certain operating range, in particular during the entire operation outside the startup, regulated by varying the speed of the compressor. This can also be the case if, for example by varying solar radiation, the heating varies.
- the inventive control of the evaporator by varying the speed of the compressor is advantageously carried out with almost no delay and thus has a positive effect on the control of the process. It is transported without delay more steam, which leads noticeably faster to a temperature increase in the evaporator.
- the object is also achieved by a plant according to claim 8 for the treatment of aqueous solution.
- the plant can be used to produce drinking water or to clean waste water or reclaim be used by substances contained in the aqueous solution.
- all process features if appropriate using a corresponding control unit, can be transferred to the system accordingly. This also applies vice versa in the sense that all system features can be correspondingly transferred to the process.
- the plant for the treatment of aqueous solution has a preheater, an evaporator, in particular natural circulation evaporator, and a compressor.
- the plant is set up so that the aqueous solution is supplied to the evaporator and vapor generated in the evaporator, in particular directly, ie in particular without further heating, enrichment and / or filtering, fed to the compressor.
- a mist eliminator in front of the blower at the upper part of the system can be used directly in the steam pipe.
- the compressed steam is, in particular directly, ie in particular without further heating, enrichment and / or filtration, the evaporator for heating the aqueous solution and then fed to the preheater (in the form of condensate) for preheating.
- the condensate, the condensing vapor also collects in the steam chamber.
- at least one, in particular obliquely arranged, additional heating is provided in or in front of the evaporator.
- the auxiliary heating is inside the evaporator, it is arranged so that by the heating by the heating Ascending aqueous solution supports the natural circulation, in that the flow direction of the aqueous solution rising due to the heating caused by the heating coincides with the flow direction of the aqueous solution, which is heated by the steam or the heat of condensation.
- the auxiliary heating is preferably arranged exactly in such a way that the raw water rising through the heating passes into the obliquely arranged straight tubes of the evaporator in such a way that the natural circulation, which causes problems for the self-regulating reaction to fluctuations, in the case of small installations due to the small capacities can lead, is required, supported.
- the radiators are designed for this purpose so that the heat is released only at a defined location. The heat is thus released only in the area of a hotspot.
- At least one return pipe is provided with respect to the evaporator tubes larger cross section and the evaporator tubes are at least partially inclined in the ascending direction in the direction of the return pipe.
- a central evaporator tube bundle consisting of several evaporator tubes, provided and the return pipe is arranged outside of the evaporator tube bundle.
- the total cross section of the evaporator tubes advantageously corresponds to the total cross section of the return pipes.
- evaporator tubes in particular with a length of 400 to 600 mm, in particular 450 to 550 mm, in particular provided with an inner diameter of 8 to 28 mm, in particular from 1 3 to 23 mm.
- the evaporator tubes have in particular a wall thickness of 1 to 2 mm, in particular from 1, 3 to 1, 8 mm.
- the evaporator tube bundle has, in particular, a diameter identical to its height or its length and width identical to its height. In particular, it has a height of 400 to 600 mm, in particular 450 to 550 mm.
- the diameter or the length and width are preferably 400 to 600 mm, in particular 450 to 550 mm.
- the inner surface of the evaporator tubes has, in particular at a plant capacity of 20 to 40, preferably up to 70 liters per hour of condensate, advantageously an area of 3.5 to 5.5 m 2 , in particular 4 to 5 m 2 .
- a return pipe arranged around the evaporator tubes in particular at a plant capacity of 20 to 40, preferably up to 70 liters per hour of condensate, has one Difference between inner and outer diameter of at least 40 mm, in particular at least 50 mm, in particular from 40 to 60 mm, in particular from 45 to 55 mm, on.
- the unevaporated aqueous solution in the evaporator has, in particular at a plant capacity of 20 to 40, preferably up to 70 liters per hour of condensate, advantageously a volume of 50 to 90 liters, in particular from 60 to 80 liters.
- the volume of the evaporator to the intended water level is advantageously 50 to 90 liters, in particular from 60 to 80 liters.
- the evaporator is advantageously made of stainless steel, in particular of X2CrNiMoN22-5-3.
- the material X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 offers specific advantages over seawater. Depending on the design and capacity, the requirements for the material change, so that the combination of materials changes without departing from the scope of the invention.
- the steam inlet for the compressed steam is arranged centrally relative to the evaporator tube bundle and, in particular, at least one centrally arranged, in particular conical baffle or baffle plate is provided for deflecting the compressed vapor in the direction of the evaporator tubes.
- a control device which controls the heater and / or the compressor so that the pressure at the top of the evaporator by varying the heater and / or the compressor is set to 0.9-1, 1 5 bar, in particular 0.98-1, 1 bar, in particular to 1, 05 bar.
- the rotational speed is regulated with respect to the compressor.
- the speed of the compressor is changed in some operating conditions, especially in all outside the start by the control device alone.
- the control device can also be set up to carry out the further advantageous arrangements described above.
- the preheater or a device for controlling the preheating is arranged so that the aqueous solution after passing through the preheater has a temperature of 80 ° C to 98 ° C, in particular from 93 ° C to 96 ° C.
- a program for starting and stopping the process is needed, whereas thereafter advantageously self-regulation of the process can be done at a constant speed of the fan.
- the inlet for the feed of the preheater and the preheater and the evaporator is arranged so that the aqueous solution moves by gravity through the preheater in the evaporator.
- the self-regulation of the process is supported by the fact that the mass flow adjusts itself to the actual set evaporator capacity, and the mass flows of condensate, which gives off its heat, and the Raw water, which absorbs this heat, are in correct proportion by itself.
- the mass flows are balanced, and not only by mass, but especially in time.
- a solar thermal system or photovoltaic system is provided, which provides the energy for the heating, at least partially, and is thus connected in accordance with the heating. In particular, no additional heating is provided in addition to the described additional heating and the heating by the compressed steam.
- the evaporator tubes have an inner diameter which is dimensioned such that a laminar flow is established in the evaporator tubes and no turbulent flow.
- the return pipe advantageously has an inner diameter, which according to the invention is dimensioned such that a cross-sectional area results which is just as large as the total cross-sectional area of the evaporator tubes.
- the number of evaporator tubes is selected according to the area required for heat transfer.
- the area required for heat transfer is preferably selected according to the invention in dependence on the planned capacity of the plant.
- the evaporator tubes are of constant diameter and straight.
- a rotary piston blower in particular at a setpoint speed of 4,000 to 5,000, in particular of 4,500 revolutions per minute and / or at a setpoint speed of 2,000 to 4,000, in particular of 2,500 revolutions per minute, is used as evaporator.
- a level control of the evaporator in particular by float, is provided which adjusts a water level in particular via a continuous valve.
- the steady valve ensures according to the invention that the raw water does not flow like a gush into the preheater and the evaporator and thus brings the natural circulation and thus the whole process to succumbing.
- it allows self-regulation of mass flows.
- the self-regulation of the process is supported, in that the mass flow automatically adjusts itself to the actually set evaporator capacity, and the mass flows of condensate, which gives off its heat, and the raw water, which absorbs this heat, are in the correct ratio ,
- the mass flows are balanced, and not only by mass, but especially in time.
- a foam destroyer is provided in the vapor space of the evaporator.
- the generated steam is passed through a labyrinth to prevent the entry of spray water or the like into the compressor.
- a central metal sheet and a peripheral metal sheet are provided, which together form a labyrinth and are inclined with their free ends in the direction of the evaporator tubes, so that any condensate which may form is dripping off.
- the leadership of the steam from the evaporator in the direction of the compressor is advantageously set up vertically. Behind the evaporator, a deflection is advantageously provided and then provided a turn vertical guide the compressed steam in the steam chamber.
- the condensate collects in the steam chamber.
- the tubes carrying the vapor have, in particular at a plant capacity of 20 to 40, preferably up to 70 liters per hour of condensate, advantageously a diameter of 60 to 100, in particular of 70 to 90 mm.
- the tubes carrying the steam are at least partially made of an elastic, in particular vibration-damping material, in particular silicone, in order to damp the vibrations of the compressor and to minimize transmission to the evaporator.
- all connecting pieces in the vapor space of the evaporator are designed obliquely so that potentially formed condensate can drip back into the aqueous solution in the evaporator.
- a degassing is provided prior to preheating or before the evaporator.
- the compressor is arranged above the vapor space and / or above the steam chamber.
- a riser with sight glass arranged such that it is connected to the aqueous solution leading space of the evaporator and the vapor space of the evaporator and allows control of the water level.
- a condensate outlet is provided centrally at the lowest point in the steam chamber.
- the bottom of the steam chamber on, advantageously centrally located, sink.
- an energy requirement for cleaning or desalination of aqueous solution for example, only 25kWh / m 3 and / or only 70 kWh per 1000 kg or less can be achieved.
- the invention has in particular the following features:
- Energy supply is used in the evaporator e. the cooled, optionally at least partially condensed steam is used to preheat the aqueous solution
- the preheated aqueous solution in the evaporator is heated in evaporator tubes surrounded by the compressed steam, and
- At least one, in particular obliquely arranged, heating is provided in or in front of the evaporator.
- Evaporator tube bundle is arranged and the compressed vapor centrally, in particular via at least one centrally arranged, in particular conical baffle plate, in the
- Evaporator tube bundle is performed.
- Method according to one of the preceding features characterized in that the preheated aqueous solution after passing through the preheater has a temperature of 80 ° C to 98 ° C, in particular from 93 ° C to 96 ° C.
- Method according to one of the preceding features characterized in that the pressure at the upper end of the evaporator by controlling the heater and / or the compressor to 0.9 to 1, 1 5 bar, in particular 0.98 to 1, 1 bar, in particular to 1, 05 bar.
- Plant for the preparation of aqueous solution comprising a preheater, an evaporator, in particular
- Natural circulation evaporator and a compressor, wherein the plant is set up so that the aqueous solution to the
- Evaporator is supplied and steam generated in the evaporator, in particular directly, the compressor is fed and the compressed steam, in particular directly, the evaporator and then the hot condensate is fed to the preheater,
- At least one, in particular obliquely arranged, heating is provided in or in front of the evaporator.
- Plant according to feature 8 characterized in that
- At least one return pipe is provided with respect to the evaporator tubes larger cross-section and the evaporator tubes are at least partially inclined in the ascending direction in the direction of the return pipe.
- Evaporator tube bundle is arranged and steam inlet for the compressed steam centrally based on the
- Evaporator tube bundle is arranged and in particular
- At least one centrally arranged, in particular conical, baffle plate is provided for deflecting the compressed vapor in the direction of the evaporator tubes.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross section through a system according to the invention
- FIG. 2 shows schematically a vertical section through a further system according to the invention
- FIG. 3 shows a horizontal section of the installation according to FIG. 2 along the line III - III in FIG.
- auxiliary heater H for heating with its hotspot (HS) of the preheated aqueous solution. Also visible is a Brüdenraum with Schaumzerstörern SZ and a compressor V and a steam chamber D. In the steam chamber also collects the condensate. Evaporator pipes R and a return pipe B and conical baffles E are also shown. Furthermore, oblique nozzles C, the water level WS, a sight glass SG, a brine outlet SA, a condensate outlet KA and a raw water inlet ZL are shown.
- the preheated aqueous solution which is supplied through a feed line, not shown, is heated by the H or the compressed steam A, which flows around the evaporator tubes R, heated. This creates a density gradient within the pipes, causing the heated raw water to flow upwards.
- the water level WS of the aqueous solution is located above the evaporator tubes R, which terminate in a tube plate, not shown. Above the evaporator tubes R, the aqueous solution vaporizes to vapor F, which rises through a maze formed by the foam scraper SZ to the compressor V and is sucked by this. In the compressor V, the steam F is compressed and fed as compressed steam A in the steam chamber D.
- the compressed vapor A is guided vertically and centrally between the evaporator tubes R.
- the conical baffles E are provided for the distribution of the compressed steam A.
- the vapor A can then, at least partially condensed, exit through the condensate outlet KA from the steam chamber D and fed to a preheater.
- Brine can be removed through the brine outlet SA.
- the brine outlet so that it is not clogged by accumulating insoluble components, generously sized and provided with a vibrator that can be switched on as needed and dissolves the agglomeration.
- the sight glass SG is provided for observation of the water level WS. It has an oblique neck C, which is inclined inwards and downwards so that condensate formed can drip back into the aqueous solution.
- the Schaumzerstörer SZ form a labyrinth, which prevents a direct transfer of water spray, foam or the like in the compressor V. against entrained drops can be used as a mist eliminator mesh or demister.
- the foam destroyers SZ are made of sheets and inclined so that condensate can drip back into the aqueous solution.
- FIG. 2 likewise shows an axial section of a preferred embodiment of a system according to the invention. Consistent with the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the plant according to the invention illustrated in FIG. 2 has a raw water inlet ZL. However, this is explicitly shown in the figure 2. As can be seen, the raw water inlet ZL is laterally at the lower portion of a substantially cylindrical tank 1, the center axis 2 is aligned vertically in the intended use.
- the tank 1 is centrally substantially along the center axis 2 of the tank 1 axially above the raw water inlet ZL a
- Evaporator / condenser unit 3 is arranged.
- the construction corresponds to that of the corresponding unit of that shown in FIG.
- the evaporator / condenser unit 3 comprises a substantially cylindrical side wall 9, which is closed with an upper tube plate 10 and a lower tube plate 1 1 with respect to the filled in operation with raw water interior of the tank 1 to form a condensate chamber K.
- Evaporator tubes R out which at their ends in each case in associated openings in the upper or lower tube sheet 10, 1 1 open to allow the passage of raw water from bottom to top, the ends of the evaporator tubes R are attached to the associated openings that a media contact in the evaporator tubes R guided media with within the
- Condensate chamber K located media is excluded.
- an axial inlet opening 1 2 is formed centrally.
- the return area 1 3 thus has the shape of a hollow cylinder which surrounds the evaporator / condenser unit 3.
- the evaporator / condenser unit 3 is arranged completely below the nominal water level WS of the raw water to be treated.
- a vapor space 4 is located above the nominal water level WS within the tank 1.
- the vapor space 4 is contained by the labyrinth formed by the foam destroyers SZ from the lower evaporator / condenser unit 3 Space so separated, the vapor from the lower portion of the tank 1 can ascend into the vapor space 4.
- From the vapor space 4 of the steam F is through a compressor V at the upper end of the tank 1 via an outside of the central axis of the Tanks 1 arranged outlet opening 1 4 sucked and compressed into a pressure steam line 5 inside.
- the pressure steam line 5 is guided from above along the central axis 2 of the tank 1 into the tank 1 and opens via the inlet opening 1 2 in the upper tube sheet 1 0 of the evaporator / ondensatorü 3 in the condensate K.
- the connection between the pressure steam line 5 with the inlet opening 1 2 is designed so that a media contact in the pressure steam line 5 guided media with within the tank 1 but outside the condensate space K located media is excluded.
- the upper, the Brüdenraum 4 limiting section of the tank 1 is attached via a peripheral flange 6 of the lower portion of the tank 1, in which the raw water is in operation to the nominal water level WS.
- the circumferential flange 6 is just above the upper tube sheet 10 and above the nominal water level WS. However, the circumferential flange 6 is below the oblique nozzle C in the upper portion of the tank first.
- the arranged in the manner described circumferential flange 6 according to the invention advantageously allows to remove the upper portion of the tank 1, without the raw water would have to be removed from the tank 1. This leads to the following advantages during operation:
- the vibrating device 7 is advantageously used for rinsing out dirt particles which have sunk to the bottom of the tank 1 through the brine outlet SA.
- the auxiliary heater H has a hotspot HS.
- the heating H gives off heat to the surrounding medium, ie to the raw water, only in the area of the hotspot HS.
- the auxiliary heating H may consist of a heating element in which the heating takes place via the electrical resistance of a conductor, wherein a cladding tube made of a material suitable for the respective raw water ensures that heat is released only in the region of the hotspot HS.
- the natural circulation can be assisted by suitable placement of the hot spot HS of the heating H in the tank 1 below the evaporator / condenser unit 3.
- the hotspot HS of the auxiliary heater H is located axially below the evaporator / condenser unit 3 just below the raw water inlet ZL and radially in the outer peripheral region of the lower tube bottom 11, in which evaporator tubes R at the lower tube plate 1 are located at openings 1 are fastened, as explained above.
- the heater H can their connection to produce a convection current 8, which is directed in the axial direction upwards towards the lower tube sheet 1 1 and thus raw water passes through the openings in the attached thereto evaporator tubes R.
- Embodiment according to Figure 1 seen, compared to
- the inclination is chosen so that the inclined evaporator tubes R are attached to the upper tube sheet 1 0 at a radially outward point than at the lower tube plate 1 first As schematically illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the inclination angle ⁇ 1 of the radially innermost evaporator tubes R is greater than that
- Evaporator tubes R about 10 °.
- the evaporator tubes R have a constant diameter over their length. Due to the inclination of the radially inner evaporator tubes R by the angle of inclination ⁇ as described remains in the condensate K a symmetrical about the central axis 2, in the axial direction from top to bottom tapered truncated conical space 1 5, which is not crossed by evaporator tubes R.
- the frustoconical space 1 5 within the condensate chamber K opens into a
- Condensate outlet KA In order to prevent compressed vapor A from the pressure steam line 5 via the input port 1 2 enters the frusto-conical space 1 5 within the condensate chamber K and leaves the condensate chamber K quasi short-circuit on the condensate KA without flushing the evaporator tubes R is in the frusto-conical Space 1 5 arranged a conical baffle plate whose tip is oriented upwards.
- a horizontal section along the line III-III in Figure 2 is shown immediately above the upper tube sheet 10 in Figure 3, wherein the riser is not shown with the sight glass SG.
- the baffle E is not visible.
- About the raw water inlet ZL raw water, such as seawater, is introduced into the tank 1. This can be done for example by gravity. It is only crucial that during operation the raw water is filled up to the nominal water level WS.
- the auxiliary heater H is now switched on and the compressor V is operated.
- the heating H generates at its hotspot HS within the raw water the convection 8 in Direction of the evaporator / ondensatorü 3. This is
- the compressed vapor A is then introduced through the inlet opening 1 2 in the upper tube sheet 1 0 of the evaporator / condenser unit 3 in the frusto-conical space 1 5.
- the compressed steam A strikes the cone-shaped baffle E and is deflected there in the radial direction in order to flow around the evaporator tubes R.
- the compressed steam A gives off heat of condensation to the raw water present in the evaporator tubes R, so that the compressed steam A condenses in the condensate space K.
- the condensate is discharged via the condensate outlet KA.
- the heater H can be switched off.
- Evaporator tubes R is passed.
- the natural circulation arises essentially because of the density gradients.
- a regulation of the system as far as a self-regulation in certain operating conditions is not sufficient, according to the invention by varying the speed of the compressor V and / or / by varying the heating power of the heater H. Both the compressor speed and the heating power can be used as control variables for regulating the pressure in the vapor space 4 be used.
- the use of one or more only local auxiliary heaters H is particularly well suited to set natural circulation in motion or to regulate it in the aforementioned sense.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE201110055514 DE102011055514A1 (de) | 2011-11-18 | 2011-11-18 | Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von wässrigen Lösungen |
PCT/EP2012/072916 WO2013072501A1 (de) | 2011-11-18 | 2012-11-16 | Verfahren zur aufbereitung von wässrigen lösungen |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2804681A1 true EP2804681A1 (de) | 2014-11-26 |
Family
ID=47458860
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP12808267.4A Withdrawn EP2804681A1 (de) | 2011-11-18 | 2012-11-16 | Verfahren zur aufbereitung von wässrigen lösungen |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20140311888A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2804681A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102011055514A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2013072501A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1246824A (en) * | 1917-04-23 | 1917-11-13 | William H C Smith | Evaporator. |
US1664133A (en) * | 1925-11-11 | 1928-03-27 | Schedler Carl William | Evaporator protector |
GB640946A (en) * | 1947-09-03 | 1950-08-02 | William Cuthill Mason | Improvements in and relating to evaporating or concentrating apparatus |
DE1642491A1 (de) * | 1967-05-06 | 1971-05-06 | Ghh Man Anlagen | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Suesswasser aus Meerwasser |
DE2600398C2 (de) * | 1976-01-07 | 1985-01-10 | Jakob Dr.-Ing. 8000 München Hoiß | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Rohwasser-Destillation |
DE2928392C2 (de) * | 1979-07-13 | 1984-04-19 | M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 8000 München | Vorrichtung zur Meerwasserentsalzung durch Brüdenkompression |
JPS5926184A (ja) * | 1982-08-06 | 1984-02-10 | Sasakura Eng Co Ltd | 水蒸気圧縮式塩水蒸留法 |
DE3726448A1 (de) * | 1987-08-08 | 1989-02-16 | Heraeus Elektroden | Waermetauscher |
US5772850A (en) * | 1995-05-11 | 1998-06-30 | Morris; Bobby D. | Apparatus for vapor compression distillation |
US5968321A (en) * | 1996-02-13 | 1999-10-19 | Ridgewood Waterpure Corporation | Vapor compression distillation system and method |
DE10011972A1 (de) * | 2000-03-11 | 2000-11-16 | Karsten Goeppel | Vorrichtung zur Verdampfung von Flüssigkeiten |
DE20210672U1 (de) * | 2002-07-10 | 2003-11-20 | Hois Jakob | Vorrichtung zum Aufbereiten von organisch und/oder anorganisch belastetem Abwasser |
DE10325230A1 (de) | 2003-06-04 | 2004-12-23 | GMBU Gesellschaft zur Förderung von Medizin-, Bio- und Umwelttechnologien e.V. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Aufbereitung von Flüssigkeiten |
DE102006013019A1 (de) * | 2006-03-20 | 2007-09-27 | Vorwerk & Co. Interholding Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung von Reinwasser |
US9044693B2 (en) * | 2011-02-15 | 2015-06-02 | Purestream Services, Llc | Controlled-gradient, accelerated-vapor-recompression apparatus and method |
-
2011
- 2011-11-18 DE DE201110055514 patent/DE102011055514A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2012
- 2012-11-16 EP EP12808267.4A patent/EP2804681A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-11-16 WO PCT/EP2012/072916 patent/WO2013072501A1/de active Application Filing
- 2012-11-16 US US14/358,654 patent/US20140311888A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2013072501A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2013072501A1 (de) | 2013-05-23 |
DE102011055514A1 (de) | 2013-05-23 |
US20140311888A1 (en) | 2014-10-23 |
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