EP2801988A2 - Feed device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a feed device for decentralized power generation plants, in particular biogas, photovoltaic and / or wind turbines, comprising a housing comprising at least one voltage converter provided in the housing, wherein the at least one voltage converter has a magnet, a magnet associated with the coil and a control module , and comprising means for cooling the magnet and / or the coil of the voltage converter, characterized in that the means for cooling (inlet pipe, outlet pipe, heat conductor, heat collector, heat dissipation element, sheet metal) of the magnet and / or the coil are passively formed and an inlet pipe and an outlet conduit for forming a chimney flow, wherein an outlet opening of the inlet conduit and an inlet opening of the outlet conduit are associated with the magnet and / or the coil such that on the magnet and / or the coil during operation of the voltage Andlers generated heat is dissipated by convection.

Description

The invention relates to a feed device for decentralized power generation plants, in particular biogas, photovoltaic and / or wind power plants, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Due to the increasing use of renewable energies, network operators are having problems maintaining the normalized grid voltage. If energy is fed into the grid via decentralized energy generation systems, such as biogas, photovoltaic or wind power plants, for example in rural areas, the energy flow direction is reversed and the grid voltage increases. While network fluctuations of +/- 10% are permissible, the grid operator must adjust for larger fluctuations. This happens, for example, using so-called longitudinal regulator. They use controllable inductors during operation to influence the voltage. The series regulator or voltage converter comprises a copper or iron coil, which is connected in series with a line. A direct current changes the permeability of the iron and a magnetic resistance in the iron core increases. This magnetic control leads to a dynamic and continuous voltage adjustment if necessary and at the same time dispenses with fault-prone, moving parts or power semiconductors.

Common supply systems for decentralized power generation plants which are customary on the market today usually have an above-ground housing in which a voltage converter of the feed device is provided with a control module and which at the same time comprises the electrical lines for connecting the feed device to the public grid. The voltage converter, which is designed in particular in the manner of a transformer and comprises a magnet and a coil, generates heat during operation, which must be removed from the housing of the feed device. This is done by active cooling. As part of the active cooling, fresh air is introduced into the housing, for example via a fan, in particular an electric fan. In the non-airtight housing there is an overpressure, as a result of which heated air flows out of the housing and the heat generated in the magnet or the coil is removed from the housing. For example, it is known to fluidly cool the magnet or the coil. Depending on the power class of the voltage converter, an example cup-shaped, the magnet and the coil comprehensive housing is provided immersed in an oil bath. Heat generated in the magnets or the coil is dissipated via the housing and the oil bath. The oil bath may be associated with a pump unit for removing heated oil or for supplying cool oil. A disadvantage of the concepts described above are in particular the high and regular maintenance costs for active cooling solutions as well as the environmental problems associated with the use of oil baths. Here, increased safety standards and structural measures must be taken to prevent contamination of the environment in the event of leakage.

The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a feed device for decentralized power generation systems with a maintenance-free or low-maintenance and environmentally friendly cooling of the electrically active components of the voltage converter.

To achieve the object, the invention has the features of claim 1. In particular, it can be provided that the housing as a multi-part housing is formed with a provided for the underground arrangement Erdgehäuseteil and provided for the aboveground arrangement and connected to the Erdgehäuseteil free-sheath part, wherein the magnet and the coil of the at least one voltage converter are associated with the Erdgehäuseteil and are surrounded by this at least partially and wherein the control module of Voltage converter is at least partially associated with the free-housing part and at least partially surrounded by the free-housing part.

The particular advantage of the invention is that the electrically active components of the voltage converter, in particular the magnet and the coil, are arranged underground in a separate housing part and insofar as the heat generated via a wall of the underground housing part (Erdgehäuseteil) can be delivered to the soil , The soil serves as a temperature-compensating medium, which heats up significantly less in the heat than the ambient air of the above-ground housing part and which cools much less in the cold than the ambient air. The voltage converter according to the invention thus operates under much more constant thermal boundary conditions than a purely above-ground voltage converter. Moreover, the volume of the surrounding soil compared to the volume of Erdgehäuseteils is almost infinitely large, so that permanently heat can be released to the environment.

The electrically active parts of the voltage converter of the feed device for photovoltaic systems can therefore be arranged in a first, subterranean housing part and spatially separate thereof in a second, above-ground housing part, the control module and other electrical components, such as a contact strip for electrically contacting the voltage converter can be provided. The components arranged in the free-space part are easily accessible and at the same time protected. The electrically active components of the voltage converter, in particular the magnet and the coil, generate heat spatially separated in the Erdgehäuseteil underground. The heat generated there is released through the housing at least in parts to the surrounding soil.

The provision of the two-part housing with the Erdgehäuseteil and the release housing part has further advantages. On the one hand, the center of gravity of the arrangement (feeding device) decreases when the electrically active and at the same time heavy components of the voltage transformer are provided underground. It reduces the risk of tipping and a secure stand is guaranteed. The Erdgehäuseteil can serve as a foundation, so that in contrast to today can be dispensed with a separate housing foundation. This reduces the cost, the amount of work is reduced and the assembly can be done faster, especially in a single step. In addition, the soil at the same time dampens or absorbs noise that occurs during operation of the voltage converter, for example due to coil vibrations. In this respect also reduces the noise pollution of the environment when providing the underground built-Earth housing part. The feed-in device can thus also be used in residential areas in which photovoltaic systems increasingly find themselves as decentralized power generation plants.

In particular, the two housing parts can be connected or fixed to one another in such a way that the feed device can be assembled and disassembled as a complete unit. In this respect, the feed device provides considerable flexibility and can always be used where there are at least temporary problems in the network, for example, in terms of network stability. Once the problems have been corrected, the complete feed-in device can be dug up and the network can be used again at another problem site.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the means for cooling the magnet and / or the coil associated with the Erdgehäuseteil and at least partially provided in this. Advantageously, the means for cooling the electrically active components of the voltage converter when it is assigned to the Erdgehäuseteil immediately adjacent to the heat source provided. The heat can be detected and dissipated directly at the place of origin. If the operation of the coolant is noisy, the soil absorbs at least parts of the vibrations, with the result that the environmental impact of noise continues to decrease.

A means for cooling the magnet or the coil is associated with the Erdgehäuseteil in the context of the invention, if it is at least partially provided in the Erdgehäuseteil itself or adjacent thereto, in particular attached to the Erdgehäuseteil or connected thereto, and the cooling effect at least primarily serves to dissipate heat from the Erdgehäuseteil.

Preferably, the natural convection or the chimney effect is used to cool the coils. In this respect, the provision of the coils in the Erdgehäuseteil offers the advantage that with a total of the same height a longer chimney and thus a larger chimney effect can be achieved than in the aboveground positioning of the coils. In addition, the surrounding soil is also cooling and supports the cooling effect. Cooling takes place passively via the chimney effect, by sucking in ambient air / fresh air and supplying it to the heat-generating components of the voltage converter. The air heats up and is led out of the earth housing part via a channel (outlet pipe) formed at least in sections as a riser pipe.

According to a development of the invention, the Erdgehäuseteil a Erdgehäusewanne with an opening and an opening of the Erdgehäusewanne associated Erdgehäusedeckel. Advantageously, the accessibility of the arranged in the Erdgehäuseteil components of the voltage converter simplified by the provision of an at least two-part housing. The Erdgehäusewanne encloses this example, the magnet and the coil, the magnet and coil are accessible through the opening of the Erdgehäusewanne during assembly or maintenance. The Erdgehäusedeckel as another component of the Erdgehäuseteils may be formed, for example in the manner of a swivel cover and close the opening of the Erdgehäusewanne.

For clarity, it should be noted that the provision of a Erdgehäusewanne with an opening does not preclude the provision of further openings, in particular other, not closed with a lid or other components openings.

By way of example, further openings may be formed on the earth housing part, for example in the region of the earth housing cover or the earth housing trough. In particular, a drainage opening may be provided in a lower region of the earth housing part.

The closable with the Erdgehäusedecke opening of the Erdgehäusewanne can be advantageously provided in the region of a surface of the soil. The Erdgehäusedeckel preferably extends horizontally or in an extension plane of the surface of the soil. In the area of the Erdgehäusedeckels surrounds the Erdgehäuseteil then no soil.

For example, the Erdgehäusedeckel be made of a steel material or concrete. He has thereby a good thermal conductivity. The lid then at least partially be provided in the ground. For example, a concrete cover may be provided, which projects in sections from the ground.

According to a development of the invention sealing means are provided in a contact area of Erdgehäusewanne and Erdgehäusedeckel to prevent moisture entry and / or airtight connection of Erdgehäusewanne and Erdgehäusedeckel in the investment area. Advantageously, this can on the one hand the penetration of moisture, such as dew, precipitation or the like can be prevented in the Erdgehäuseteil. On the other hand can be formed by airtight connection of Erdgehäusewanne and Erdgehäuseteil in the investment area an encapsulated Erdgehäuseteil. If the opening of the Erdgehäusewanne is formed in the upper region and any further openings are provided in a lower portion of the Erdgehäusewanne, can be formed by the airtight connection of the two components of the Erdgehäuseteils an encapsulated Erdgehäuseteil, which - like a diving bell - protection against rising or from below pressing groundwater offers. For this purpose, the outer walls of the Erdgehäuseteils are tight, such as waterproof concrete. If, for example, a drainage opening is provided on the earth housing part in a lower region for the purpose of applying moisture possibly present in the earth casing part, no moisture can penetrate through this drainage opening as a result of the encapsulation of the earth casing part get to the ground housing part. A possible drainage opening can be filled, for example, with grit or interlocking base (base filler). This filling also serves as a kind of vapor barrier.

According to a development of the invention, an outer wall of the Erdgehäuseteils is at least partially made of a material with a good heat conduction. For example, the Erdgehäusewanne may be made entirely or partially of concrete. Advantageously, a good heat-conducting property of the outer wall favors the transfer of heat from the interior of the earth casing into the surrounding soil. The resulting during operation of the voltage converter heat can thus be dissipated in a favorable manner on the outer walls of the housing. The outer wall of Erdgehäuseteils may be made entirely or partially of concrete. For example, it can be provided that the Erdgehäusewanne is made of concrete and the Erdgehäusedeckel made of a different material, such as steel or a composite material. By using concrete as the material for the earthen housing or components of the earth housing part, the stability of the feeder device further improves due to the comparatively high weight. The feed device can be transported, for example, by means of a crane, wherein the Erdgehäuseteil is inserted into a prepared Erdausnehmung. For this purpose, eyelets or other suitable components for fastening the housing to the crane can be provided in particular on the Erdgehäuseteil.

For example, the Erdgehäuseteil be formed in the manner of a concrete tub.

According to a development of the invention, passive means for dry cooling the magnet and / or the coil of the at least one voltage converter are provided. Advantageously reduced by the use of passive cooling means the maintenance or deleted completely. In particular, it dispenses with electrically driven fans or other actively actuated cooling means, in particular coolant pumps for liquid cooling or the like. Instead, the cooling is realized purely passively waiving electrical, pneumatic or hydraulic drives. By realizing a dry cooling, ie in particular By dispensing with cooling media such as oil or the like, an environmentally sound solution is provided, which is advantageous in the initial commissioning, during operation and also during dismantling from an environmental point of view and with regard to maintenance.

According to a development of the invention are provided as means for cooling with the magnet or the coil cooperating heat conductors. Advantageously, the heat can be transported by so-called heat conductors (heat pipes) very efficiently from a first location to a second location. For example, the heat generated during operation of the voltage converter in the magnet or the coil can be dissipated from there into the soil surrounding the earth housing part. The heat conductors are so far very efficient means for the removal of heat. In particular, the heat conductors are passive, d. H. non-actuated means for cooling the at least one voltage converter.

According to a development of the invention, heat collectors are provided in the Erdgehäuseteil spaced from the magnet or the coil. The heat collectors are arranged so that heat from the magnet or the coil or other, provided in the Erdgehäuseteil components of the voltage converter is at least partially transmitted to the heat collectors. The heat collectors may in this case be designed, for example, in the manner of heat sinks and have cooling fins. For example, the heat collectors may be formed as cooling plates, which extend adjacent to the magnet and the coil and thus absorb the heat generated there. For example, the heat collectors are made of steel or another metal material.

According to a development of the invention, the heat conductors are connected directly to the magnet or the coil or the other provided in the Erdgehäuseteil components of the voltage converter, or the heat conductors are connected directly to the heat collector. Advantageously, the heat transfer via the heat conductor by the direct connection of the same with the magnet, the coil or the other provided in the Erdgehäuseteil components of the voltage converter in a particularly efficient way. The same applies if the heat conductor is directly connected to the heat collectors and the heat absorbed by the heat collectors is dissipated via the heat conductor.

According to a development of the invention, the heat conductor is connected to at least one heat-emitting element, wherein the heat-emitting element is at least partially provided in the outer wall of the Erdgehäuseteils or at least partially disposed outside of the Erdgehäuseteils. In particular, the at least one heat-dissipating element can be provided at least in sections in the soil surrounding the earth-housing part. Advantageously, heat dissipated via the heat conductor is transmitted via the preferably areally formed heat-dissipating elements directly or indirectly into the surrounding soil. The heat-emitting elements correspond insofar to the heat collectors. Like the heat collectors, the heat delivery elements can be connected to the heat conductor. The heat-emitting elements can be completely incorporated in the Erdgehäuseteil, in particular in the outer walls. For example, they may be completely provided in the surrounding soil, or they may be provided partly in the earth casing part, in particular in its outer walls, and partly in the surrounding earth.

Optionally, the provision of a heat conductor can be dispensed with. For example, the at least one heat-emitting element and the at least one heat collector can be connected in a thermally conductive manner, for example via a metal sheet or the like, wherein a heat conductor is dispensed with. Advantageously, a particularly cost-effective solution can be realized by dispensing with the heat conductor, which can be used in particular when taking into account the power class of the voltage converter, the heat generated in the Erdgehäuseteil can be dissipated solely by the use of heat collectors and / or heat dissipation elements.

According to a development of the invention, the means for cooling the magnet and / or the coil and / or further provided in the Erdgehäuseteil components the voltage converter, an inlet pipe for supplying fresh air into the Erdgehäuseteil and an outlet pipe for discharging heated air from the Erdgehäuseteil. The outlet conduit is formed as a substantially elongated, upwardly directed conduit. For example, an outlet opening of the outlet pipe is provided above an inlet opening of the inlet pipe. Advantageously, by providing the inlet pipe as a supply air line and the outlet pipe as the exhaust pipe a purely passive working after the chimney effect air flow in the Erdgehäuseteil be formed, which dissipates the heat generated in the Erdgehäuseteil of the electrically active components of the voltage converter and so for cooling in the Erdgehäuseteil provided components of the voltage converter contributes. The purely passive solution is particularly robust, low-prone and very cost-effective to implement. A maintenance access to the coolant is unnecessary in this respect.

According to a development of the invention, the inlet pipe is constructed in a snore-like manner downwards in an end region having the inlet opening. In particular, the inlet pipe is designed bent in the end region by 180 °. Advantageously, penetration of moisture, for example rainwater, into the inlet pipeline is prevented by the snorkel-like design of the inlet opening in the end region. Optionally, a check valve may be assigned to the inlet opening to avoid moisture, for example due to floods / floods.

It may be provided to guide the inlet pipe via the free-fall part in the Erdgehäuseteil. In the region of the earth housing part, the inlet pipe can be made thermally insulated. As a result, it is possible to keep the fresh air supplied via the inlet pipe cool until it leaves the inlet pipe.

For example, the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe can also be made insulated in the region of the freehub part. On the one hand, the insulation of the inlet pipe in the free-standing part acts to heat the fresh air through the heat generated in the free-space part. On the other hand, it is avoided that the heated, Air discharged via the outlet piping heats the release housing part with the control components provided herein.

For example, the inlet pipe - as well as the outlet pipe - be formed in cross-section circular or rectangular. In particular, in the case of a rectangular cross-section, walls of the earth housing part and / or of the free-fall part can at the same time define a shell-side wall of the inlet pipe or the outlet pipe.

In particular, it will be provided that an outlet opening of the inlet pipe, via which fresh air flows into the earth housing part, is provided below an inlet opening of the outlet pipe for the heated exhaust air.

The heat-generating, electrically active components of the voltage converter can be flown through or from both inside and outside of the air. In particular, the inlet pipe can for this purpose be designed and guided curved in Erdgehäuseteil that on the outlet opening exiting fresh air ensures effective cooling of the heat generating components. For example, the outlet opening may be provided below the electrically active, heat generating components.

Overall, the design of the feed device is modular. Depending on the local characteristics and energy requirements, different voltage transformers can be provided. In each case, the size of the Erdgehäuseteils and the Freigehäuseteils can be selected according to the requirements. For example, in particular in the region of the freehub part, a standard feed cabinet can be provided and integrated into the network like a normal cable distribution cabinet.

From the other dependent claims and the following description further advantages, features and details of the invention can be found. There mentioned features may each be essential to the invention individually or in any combination be. The drawings are merely illustrative of the clarification of the invention and are not of a restrictive nature.

Figur 1

eine erste Ausführungsform der Erfindung mit einem unterirdisch angeordneten Erdgehäuseteil und einem oberirdisch angeordneten Freigehäuseteil, wobei die Kühlung in dem Erdgehäuseteil rein passiv über eine Luftströmung realisiert ist,

Figur 2

eine zweite Ausführungsform der Erfindung, bei der die Kühlung unter Verwendung von Wärmeleitern und einem in einer Außenwandung des Erdgehäuseteils angeordneten Wärmeabgabeelement realisiert ist,

Figur 3

eine dritte Ausführungsform der Erfindung, bei der das Wärmeabgabeelement teilweise in der Außenwandung und teilweise im umgebenden Erdreich vorgesehen ist,

Figur 4

eine vierte Ausführungsform der Erfindung, bei der ein gemeinsames Bauelement als ein Wärmekollektor einerseits und als Wärmeabgabeelement andererseits dient,

Figur 5

eine fünfte Ausführungsform der Erfindung mit berippten Kühlkörpern als Wärmekollektoren und Wärmeleitern zur Abgabe der Wärme an das Erdreich und

Figur 6

eine sechste Ausführungsform der Erfindung mit einem Wärmeleiter zum Abtransport der Wärme aus dem Erdgehäuseteil.

Show it:

FIG. 1

a first embodiment of the invention with an underground Erdgehäuseteil and an above-ground mounted freehub part, wherein the cooling in the Erdgehäuseteil is purely passive realized via an air flow,

FIG. 2

a second embodiment of the invention, wherein the cooling is realized by using heat conductors and arranged in an outer wall of the Erdgehäuseteils heat-emitting element,

FIG. 3

a third embodiment of the invention, in which the heat-emitting element is provided partly in the outer wall and partly in the surrounding soil,

FIG. 4

a fourth embodiment of the invention, in which a common component serves as a heat collector on the one hand and as a heat-emitting element on the other hand,

FIG. 5

a fifth embodiment of the invention with finned heat sinks as heat collectors and heat conductors for delivering the heat to the soil and

FIG. 6

a sixth embodiment of the invention with a heat conductor for the removal of heat from the Erdgehäuseteil.

A first embodiment according to the invention of the feed device according to FIG. 1 comprises a multi-part housing 1 with a freehub part 2 arranged above ground and with an underground housing part 3 arranged underground. A third housing part 4 is partially above ground and partially arranged underground and laterally adjacent to the release housing part 2 and the Erdgehäuseteil 3 provided. The third housing part 4 serves to receive feed and measuring components 5, 6. Via a bottom opening 7, underground cables 8, 9 are introduced into the housing 1 for electrical connection of the feed device to the public power grid.

The feed device is provided, for example, to feed via photovoltaic systems, wind turbines or biogas plants decentrally generated electrical energy in the public grid. For this purpose, the feed device in the present case comprises two voltage transformers, which are provided distributed in the release housing part 2 and the Erdgehäuseteil 3. In particular, a control module 10 of the voltage converter and a contact strip 11 for making electrical contact with the voltage converter are assigned to the above-ground release part 2. In contrast, a magnet and a coil associated with the magnet are provided as electrically active components of the voltage converter in the earth housing part 3. The magnet and the coil are arranged together in a cup-shaped housing 12. The pot-shaped housing 12 is supported via a base 13 in the Erdgehäuseteil 3.

The Erdgehäuseteil 3, which is provided for receiving in particular the pot-shaped housing 12 with the magnet and the coil is formed in two parts according to the present embodiment of the invention. It thus comprises a Erdgehäusewanne 14 with an opening provided in the upper region 15 and a Erdgehäusedeckel 16 which closes the opening 15 of the Erdgehäusewanne 14 in the position shown. The Erdgehäusewanne 14 is preferably made of a material having a good thermal conductivity, such as concrete. The Erdgehäusedeckel 16 may be formed of a different material, for example of a metallic material or a composite material.

In a contact area 17 of Erdgehäusewanne 14 and Erdgehäusedeckel 16 a circumferential seal 18 is provided as a sealant. By providing the seal 18 prevents moisture over a functionally necessary gap between Erdgehäusewanne 14 and Erdgehäusedeckel 16 penetrates into the Erdgehäuseteil 3 and For example, damage to the electrically active components, in particular the magnet and the coil caused. In particular, it can be provided that, by means of the seal 18, the ground housing trough 14 and the ground housing cover 16 are connected airtight to one another in the contact region 17. In this way, an encapsulated Erdgehäuseteil 3, which is hermetically sealed in the upper region in the manner of a diving bell. The Erdgehäusedeckel 16 may be formed, for example, in the manner of a fully removable closure plate or as a pivot cover.

In order to dissipate any existing moisture in the Erdgehäuseteil 3, a drainage opening 20 is provided in the region of one of the opening 15 of the Erdgehäusewanne 14 opposite bottom plate 19 of the Erdgehäusewanne 14. The drainage opening 20 may, for example, be filled with lockable chute, in particular chippings (base filler 41). Due to the encapsulation of the Erdgehäuseteils 3 in the investment area 17 and waterproof outer walls 21 of the Erdgehäusewanne 14 can no moisture in the Erdgehäuseteil 3 rise or be depressed by the drainage opening 20 even with rising groundwater level. The base filler 41 also serves as a vapor barrier, so that penetration of water vapor into the Erdgehäuseteil 3 via the drainage opening 20 is also prevented.

The magnet or the coils of the voltage converter are connected to the control module 10 or the contact strip 11 via a number of control lines 36. In the present embodiment of the invention, the control lines 36 are guided via the Erdgehäusedeckel 16 from the Erdgehäuseteil 3 in the release housing part 2. In the field of implementation, not shown, in particular waterproof sleeves are provided.

In the illustrated mounting position, the housing 1 of the feed device is partially arranged underground. The Erdgehäuseteil 3 is completely surrounded by the soil 22, wherein the Erdgehäusedeckel 16 extends substantially horizontally and at ground level with the surface 23 of the soil 22. The release housing part 2 is disposed above the ground housing part 3 and immediately adjacent thereto. The release housing part 2 is provided completely above ground. The third housing part 4 with the Feeding and measuring components 5, 6 is arranged partially above ground. In addition, a base region 24 of the third housing part 4 protrudes into the ground 22. In the base region 24, the third housing part 4 is likewise filled with base filler 41.

The release housing part 2 and the above-ground area of the third housing part 4 have an access and mounting opening 37, which can be covered by closure elements 25. But for a better representation of the inventive idea is in the FIG. 1 only one door 25 provided on the free-form part 2 as a closure element. Of course, the release housing part 2 and the above-ground area of the third housing part 4 are formed in the ready state by other closure elements 25 completely closed.

During operation, heat is generated in particular in the region of the electrically active components of the voltage converter, ie in the region of the magnets and coils. To dissipate this heat is provided according to the first embodiment of the invention to introduce fresh air via an inlet pipe 26 in the Erdgehäuseteil 3 and remove heated air via an outlet pipe 27. The outlet pipe 27 is formed by an elongate, substantially vertically upwardly directed pipe. An outlet opening 28 of the outlet pipe 27 is provided here above an inlet opening 29 of the inlet pipe 26. As a result of the chimney effect is formed due to the position of the inlet and outlet ports 28, 29 and the resulting heat inside the Erdgehäuseteils 3 a chimney flow, wherein warm air flows from the interior of the Erdgehäuseteils 3 via the outlet pipe 27 and the outlet opening 28 and fresh air over the inlet port 29 and the inlet pipe 26 flows into the earth housing part 3. An outlet port 38 of the inlet duct 26 is provided below an inlet port 39 of the outlet duct 27. In this respect, the cool fresh air is supplied to a lower portion of the earth housing part 3, while the heated air rises in the earth housing part 3 and flows out through the inlet port 39 and the outlet pipe 27. By providing the pot-shaped housing 12 between the inlet pipe 26 and the outlet pipe 27 is also ensured that the air flow flows around the magnets and coils and dissipates the heat. In this respect, a completely passive cooling of realized electrically active components of the voltage converter, which waives any, especially electrically actuated actuators and thus is completely maintenance-free. Since in addition to liquids, especially oil is dissipated for heat dissipation, it is an environmentally friendly passive dry cooling.

The inlet pipe 26 is executed in a free end portion 40 of the same example snorkel-like bent and guided by 180 ° down. This prevents precipitation, in particular rain or snow, from entering the inlet pipeline 26. In addition, in the free end region 40 of the inlet pipe 26, a check valve, in particular a designed according to the float principle check valve may be provided. About the check valve prevents moisture from entering the inlet pipe 26 at about high water.

Above ground, the inlet pipe 26 and the outlet pipe 27 can be guided freely, that is outside of the freehub part 2. Preferably, the inlet duct 26 and the outlet duct 27 are guided above ground in the free-floating part 2. The release housing part 2 has, for example, in the region of a rear side thereof or laterally ventilation openings, via which the fresh air flows into the inlet pipeline 26 or the heated air exits from the outlet pipeline 27. The inlet pipe 26 and the outlet pipe 27 may be formed in the region of the freehub housing part 2 preferably insulated. As a result, on the one hand heating of the fresh air is avoided. On the other hand, heating of the freehub housing part 2 is prevented by the heated exhaust air guided via the outlet pipe 27. Likewise, the inlet pipe 26 may be formed isolated in the region of the Erdgehäuseteils 3. The insulation in the region of the Erdgehäuseteils 3 also prevents heating of the fresh air during inflow.

For example, the feed device with a rear side of the same can be connected directly to a transformer station. A system results here in particular between the transformer station on the one hand and the Erdgehäuseteil 3 on the other. The Erdgehäuseteil 3 is for this purpose created with a rear outer wall 21 to the transformer station. The release part 2, for example, made less deep, with a Front side of the freehub part 2 and a front side of the Erdgehäuseteils 3 are provided substantially flush. It then results between the release part 2 and the rear side and the transformer station a free space, can be sucked on the fresh air or heated exhaust air can be dissipated.

For example, the inlet pipe 26 can be guided in the region of the Erdgehäuseteils 3 angled. The fresh air supplied via the inlet conduit 26 can then be supplied to the pot-shaped housing 12 on the shell side or from below in the region of the base 13. This allows a particularly effective flow or flow around the magnet and in particular of the coils.

According to an alternative embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 2 is to dissipate the heat from the Erdgehäuseteil 3 a plurality of heat conductors 30 (heat pipes) is provided. The heat conductors 30 serve to transport heat between a first location and a second location. In the present case, the heat conductors 30 are connected on the one hand to a heat collector 31 in the interior of the Erdgehäuseteils 3, wherein the heat collector 31 is provided adjacent to the electrically active components, in particular to the magnets and coils in the cup-shaped housing 12. On the other hand, the heat conductors 30 are connected to a heat-emitting element 32, which is arranged in an outer wall 21 (bottom plate 19 of the Erdgehäuseteils 3) potted.

Identical components and component functions are identified by the same reference numerals.

The heat which arises during operation of the electrically active components of the voltage converter is supplied via the heat collectors 31 to the heat conductors 30 and transmitted from these to the heat-emitting elements 32 and discharged. Since the concrete surrounds the heat-emitting element 32 as a good heat conductor or bad heat insulator, the heat can flow therefrom in a simple manner into the earth, which is thermally tempered in the first approximation and which is cooler than the earth-housing part 3.

The heat collector 31 is plate-shaped, in particular as a metal sheet executed. It extends, for example, essentially horizontally in the interior of the earth housing part 3, wherein according to the invention the heat collector 31 can have any other geometries and, in particular, a plurality of heat collectors 31 can be provided.

According to a further embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 3 the cooling of the Erdgehäuseteils 3 is implemented in a modified manner, while the other functional components of the feed device remain substantially unchanged. To dissipate the heat from the Erdgehäuseteil 3, a heat collector 31 is adjacent to the electrically active components of the voltage converter provided. The heat collector extends into the outer wall 21 of the Erdgehäuseteils 3. In the outer wall 21 of the heat collector 31 is connected to a heat conductor 30. The heat conductor 30 transports the heat from the heat collector 31 to a heat-emitting element 32. The heat-emitting element 32 is also provided in sections in the outer wall 21 of the Erdgehäusewanne 14 and partially in the surrounding soil 22. In this respect, the heat is dissipated from the interior of the Erdgehäuseteils 3 via a heat conductor 30 provided in the outer wall 21 and discharged via the at least partially directly provided in the ground 22 heat dissipation element 32 to the soil 22.

According to a further embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 4 is a single component, such as a steel sheet 33 is provided. The steel sheet 33 is provided with a first portion 34 in the ground casing part 3. The first portion 34 of the sheet 33 serves insofar as a heat collector 31 in the context of the invention. A second region 35 of the sheet 33 is provided in the surrounding soil 22. Heat received via the heat collector 31 (first region 34 of the sheet 33) is released from the second region 35 to the soil 22. The second region 35 of the sheet 33 serves insofar as a heat-emitting element 32 in the context of the invention. On a separate heat conductor 30 is omitted in this embodiment. In the context of the invention, another suitable component can be used instead of a metal sheet become. The use of metal or steel is not mandatory here. Of course, instead of a single component (sheet 33), a structural unit with a plurality of individual elements can be used, which are connected, screwed or applied to each other.

According to an alternative embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 5 the heat is removed from the Erdgehäuseteil 3 directly via a heat conductor 30. The heat conductor 30 is arranged in the interior of the Erdgehäuseteils 3 immediately adjacent to the cup-shaped housing 12 with the magnets and coils or - preferably - in contact with the cup-shaped housing 12. The heat generated in the electrical components of the voltage converter, in particular magnets and coils, over the pot-shaped housing 12 is discharged to the heat conductor 30 and discharged from the latter by the outer wall 21 of the Erdgehäuseteils 3 to the surrounding soil 22. On heat collectors or heat dissipation elements is waived so far, or the heat conductor 30 is inherently used at the same time as a heat collector and heat dissipation element.

According to an alternative embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 6 a plurality of heat collectors 31 is provided. The heat collectors 31 are formed as rotationally symmetrical heat sink with radially projecting cooling fins and connected to the heat conductors 30. The heat generated in the interior of the Erdgehäuseteils 3 is transferred here via the heat collectors 31 to the plurality of heat conductors 30 and discharged from them to the surrounding soil 22. The heat conductors 30 are so far through the outer wall 21 (bottom plate 19) of the Erdgehäuseteils 3 out. Optionally, not shown in the embodiment variant heat output elements may be provided, in particular in the region of the outer wall 21 or in the surrounding soil 22nd

Preferably, three voltage transformers are provided in a common concrete trough for controlling the individual phases in the three-phase current, wherein a control sink and a transformer coil are used per phase. The control coil and the transformer coil are preferably arranged together in the cup-shaped housing 12.

Claims (15)

Feed device for decentralized power generation plants, in particular biogas, photovoltaic and / or wind power plants, comprising a housing (1), comprising at least one in the housing (1) provided voltage converter, wherein the at least one voltage converter, a magnet, a magnet associated with the coil and a Control module (10), and comprising means for cooling the magnet and / or the coil of the voltage converter, characterized in that the means for cooling (inlet pipe 26, outlet pipe 27, heat conductor 30, heat collector 31, heat-emitting element 32, sheet 33) of the magnet and / or the spool are passively formed and include an inlet conduit (26) and an outlet conduit (27) for forming a chimney flow, an outlet port (38) of the inlet conduit (26) and an inlet port (39) of the outlet conduit (27) to the magnet and / or the coil are assigned such that on the magnet and / or de r coil generated during operation of the voltage converter is dissipated by convection. Feed device for decentralized power generation plants, in particular biogas, photovoltaic and / or wind power plants, comprising a housing (1), comprising at least one in the housing (1) provided voltage converter, wherein the at least one voltage converter, a magnet, a magnet associated with the coil and a Control module (10), and comprising means for cooling the magnet and / or the coil of the voltage converter, characterized in that the housing (1) as a multi-part housing (1) is formed with a provided for the underground arrangement Erdgehäuseteil (3) and a free-housing part (2) provided for the above-ground arrangement and connected to the earth housing part (3), wherein the magnet and the coil of the at least one voltage transformer are assigned to the earth housing part (3) are at least partially surrounded by it and wherein the control module (10) of the voltage converter is at least partially associated with the free-housing part (2) and at least partially surrounded by the free-housing part (2). Feed device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the means for cooling (inlet pipe 26, outlet pipe 27, heat conductor 30, heat collector 31, heat-emitting element 32, sheet 33) of the magnet and / or the coil of the at least one voltage converter the Erdgehäuseteil (3) assigned. Feed device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the Erdgehäuseteil (3) a Erdgehäusewanne (14) with at least one opening (15) and one of the opening (15) of the Erdgehäusewanne (14) associated Erdgehäusedeckel (16) for closing the Opening (15). Feed device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in a contact area (17) of Erdgehäusewanne (14) and Erdgehäusedeckel (16) sealing means (seal 18) are provided for preventing moisture entry and / or for airtight connection of Erdgehäusewanne (14 ) and Erdgehäusedeckel (16) in the contact area (17) such that an encapsulated Erdgehäuseteil (3) is formed. Feed device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that an outer wall (21, bottom plate 19) of the Erdgehäuseteils (3) is at least partially made of a material with a good heat conduction, in particular concrete. Feed device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that as means for cooling passive means for cooling (inlet pipe 26, outlet pipe 27, heat conductor 30, heat collector 31, heat-emitting element 32, sheet 33) of the magnet and / or the coil of the at least one Voltage converter are provided and / or that means for dry cooling (inlet pipe 26, outlet pipe 27, heat conductor 30, heat collector 31, Heat-emitting element 32, sheet 33) of the magnet and / or the coil of the at least one voltage converter are provided. Feed device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least one cooperating with the magnet and / or the coil heat conductor (30) are provided as means for cooling. Feed device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that in the Erdgehäuseteil (3) spaced from the magnet and / or the coil at least one heat collector (31) is provided such that heat from the magnet and / or the coil and / or or another in the Erdgehäuseteil (3) provided component of the voltage transformer is at least partially transmitted to the at least one heat collector (31). Feed device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the heat conductor (30) directly to the magnet and / or the coil and / or the other in the Erdgehäuseteil (3) provided component of the voltage converter (cup-shaped housing 12) is connected and / or that the heat conductor (30) are connected directly to the heat collector (31). Feed device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the heat conductor (30) is connected to a heat-emitting element (32), wherein the heat-emitting element (32) at least partially provided in the outer wall (21, bottom plate 19) of the Erdgehäuseteils (3) is and / or at least partially provided outside the Erdgehäuseteils (3), in particular in a Erdgehäuseteil (3) surrounding soil (22). Feed device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the means for cooling the magnet and / or the coil, an inlet pipe (26) for supplying fresh air into the Erdgehäuseteil (3) and an outlet pipe (27) for discharging heated air from the earth housing part (3), wherein the outlet pipe (27) is formed as a substantially elongated, upwardly guided pipe (27) and wherein a Inlet opening (39) of the outlet pipe (27) above an outlet opening (38) of the inlet pipe (26) is provided. Feeding device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the inlet pipe (26) in a the inlet opening (29) having end portion designed like a snorkel down bent, in particular by 180 °. Feeding device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the inlet pipe (26) and / or the outlet pipe (27) are at least partially guided in the freehub part (2) and / or that the inlet pipe (26) and the outlet pipe (27 ) are formed thermally insulated in the freehub part (2). Feed device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the inlet pipe (26) in the region of the Erdgehäuseteils (3) is at least partially thermally insulated, and / or provided on the free-housing part (2) openings an inlet opening (29) of Inlet pipe (26) and / or an outlet opening (28) of the outlet pipe (27) form.

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