EP2801540B1 - Système avec un système de ventilation pour stockage de granulé de biomasse pour la réduction des concentrations de monoxyde de carbone - Google Patents

Système avec un système de ventilation pour stockage de granulé de biomasse pour la réduction des concentrations de monoxyde de carbone Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2801540B1
EP2801540B1 EP13166613.3A EP13166613A EP2801540B1 EP 2801540 B1 EP2801540 B1 EP 2801540B1 EP 13166613 A EP13166613 A EP 13166613A EP 2801540 B1 EP2801540 B1 EP 2801540B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pellets
storage facility
unit
ventilation
combustion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP13166613.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2801540A1 (fr
Inventor
Randi Mie Jagd Hansen
Jonas Bovin
Kenneth Johst
Gerald Marinitsch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Promedecon GmbH
Original Assignee
Admede AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Admede AB filed Critical Admede AB
Priority to EP13166613.3A priority Critical patent/EP2801540B1/fr
Publication of EP2801540A1 publication Critical patent/EP2801540A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2801540B1 publication Critical patent/EP2801540B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L1/00—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L5/00—Blast-producing apparatus before the fire
    • F23L5/02—Arrangements of fans or blowers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K3/00—Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K3/02—Pneumatic feeding arrangements, i.e. by air blast

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a system comprising a ventilation system, a biomass pellets storage facility and a leak tight pellets feed-in unit between the pellets storage facility and a pellets combustion unit.
  • Biomass pellets are usually made from dried and milled sawdust and wood shavings that have been compressed into pellets with exemplary dimensions of 10 to 20 mm in length and 3 to 12 mm in diameter. Usually they do not contain any additives or binders. Wood pellet boilers are used in homes and businesses as an alternative to oil or gas fired boilers. They are also being installed to replace coal-fired boilers. In general pellets from biomass create carbon monoxide (CO) while they are stored in storage facilities.
  • CO carbon monoxide
  • Pellets are usually stored in large sealed containers or in concrete storage rooms that are almost air tight.
  • the pellets storage facility is usually connected via a feeder, for example a screw feeder, to the boiler of a combustion unit.
  • the storage tank can be mounted over the boiler for gravity feeding. Due to the enclosed nature of these storage tanks or rooms, the atmosphere inside can become oxygen depleted and a toxic atmosphere containing carbon monoxide can accumulate. The reason therefore is so far not fully explained, but it is assumed that auto-oxidation processes are responsible for carbon monoxide production from wood pellets.
  • Aim of the invention is to provide a system for pellets storage facilities that overcomes the disadvantages known in the state of the art. This problem is solved by the system according to the preamble of claim 1, as shown in the document KR 2011 0120079 A , with the features of the characterizing part of claim 1. The subjects of the dependent claims concern further advantageous embodiments of the invention.
  • a system according to the invention comprises a biomass pellets storage facility, a leak tight pellets feed-in unit between the pellets storage facility and a pellets combustion unit, and a separate venting unit connecting the pellets storage facility to the pellets combustion unit.
  • a ventilation of the storage facility to reduce the harmful carbon monoxide (CO) content in the facility is provided by the pellets combustion unit.
  • Combustion supply air that is required to operate the pellets combustion unit is supplied via the venting unit from the storage facility. Accordingly carbon monoxide that has formed in the storage facility while storing the biomass pellets like wood pellets or wood chips is transported via the venting unit into the pellets combustion unit and is co-combusted or vented through the burner together with the pellets.
  • a ventilation supply air of the pellets storage facility is sucked as combustion supply air into the pellets combustion unit.
  • the combustion supply air that is needed to operate the pellets combustion unit is here sucked out of the pellets storage facility.
  • Carbon monoxide that is generated from pellets during storage is sucked as well as the needed combustion supply air into the pellets combustion unit.
  • the CO emissions of the pellets storage facility are further oxidized to carbon dioxide in the combustion unit and are sent to a chimney of the combustion unit together with the flue gas of the combustion.
  • the pellets storage facility is equipped with at least one direct connection line and/or one indirect connection line to bring in ventilation supply air from an outside to the storage facility.
  • the connection of the pellets storage facility to ambient air in the surroundings outside of a building like a combined biomass heat and power station can be realised either via a direct connection line to bring in ventilation supply air from the outside directly into the storage facility, or via an indirect connection line for instance from the outside to a boiler room or boiler house, respectively, and then further to the pellets storage facility.
  • one or several direct connection lines for ventilation supply air as well as one or several indirect connection lines are combined to safeguard that a sufficient amount of ventilation supply air of ambient air is transported to the pellets storage.
  • the venting unit and/or at least one direct connection line and/or indirect connection line is/are equipped with a suction device and/or a ventilation device.
  • suction devices like a pump and/or ventilation devices like a fan are installed in the direct and/or indirect connection lines to generate a reduced air pressure within the pellets storage facility compared to the ambient atmospheric pressure.
  • the venting unit might be equipped with at least one suction and/or venting device to ensure that carbon monoxide formed within the storage facility is transported together with the combustion supply air into the combustion unit.
  • This at least one suction device and/or ventilation device operates mechanically and is powered electrically, mechanically or pneumatically according to the regulations in force.
  • the venting unit is integrated in the feed-in unit.
  • an air pressure in the pellets storage facility is lower than an atmospheric pressure of the ambient air.
  • unintended leakage of ventilation air with an enhanced CO content out of the pellets storage facility is avoided.
  • an inventive system features an air pressure in the venting unit that is lower than an air pressure in the pellets storage facility.
  • an air pressure difference or pressure gradient, respectively, between the pellets storage facility and the venting unit it is ensured that combustion supply air with an enhanced CO content due to the stored pelletized material is sucked from the storage facility into the combustion unit. Consequently unintended leakage of carbon monoxide out of the pellets storage facility can be avoided.
  • a carbon monoxide content in the pellets storage facility can be kept below a certain limiting value.
  • the figure depicts a schematic view of a combined biomass heat and power station with a ventilation system 1.
  • a typical setup of the system according to the invention comprises the ventilation system 1, a pellets storage facility 2, a pellets feed-in unit 3 that feeds the pellets from the pellets storage facility 2 in direction 4 to a pellets combustion unit 5, and a venting unit 6 connecting the storage facility 2 to the pellets combustion unit 5.
  • the level of the stored pellets on the lower section of the pellets storage facility 2 is indicated in the figure.
  • the ventilation supply air is transported in direction 7 from the pellets storage facility 2 as combustion supply air to the pellets combustion unit 5.
  • the wood pellets are combusted together with the combustion supply air and together with the carbon monoxide (CO) formed within the pellets storage facility 2.
  • the off-gas of the combustion unit 5 is then lead as flue gas 8 to a chimney 9 and emitted to the surroundings 10.
  • connection of the pellets storage facility 2 to ambient air 10 in the surroundings outside of a combined biomass heat and power station 11 can be realised either via a direct connection line 12 for ventilation supply air 13 from the outside 10 to the storage facility 2, or via an indirect connection line 15 from the outside 10 to a boiler room or boiler house 14, respectively, and further to the pellets storage facility 2.
  • a direct connection line 12 for ventilation supply air 13 from the outside 10 to the storage facility 2
  • an indirect connection line 15 from the outside 10 to a boiler room or boiler house 14, respectively, and further to the pellets storage facility 2.
  • one or several direct connection lines 12 for ventilation supply air 13 as well as one or several indirect connection lines 15 are combined to safeguard a sufficient amount of ventilation supply air 13 of ambient air is transported to the pellets storage 2.
  • the venting air of the storage facility 2 could be taken from the boiler room 14 and then be sucked to the boiler 5. In that case the boiler room 14 needs to be vented to the surrounding 10.
  • the combustion supply air 7 is sucked out of the pellets storage facility 2.
  • the carbon monoxide formed in the pellets storage facility 2 is exhausted together with combustion supply air in direction 7 into the pellets combustion unit 5.
  • the carbon monoxide (CO) is oxidised to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) within a burner of the combustion unit 5 where the wood chips are combusted due to the high temperature and the presence of oxygen.
  • the storage facility 2 Since the combustion air is taken from the pellets storage facility 2 and due to the fact that the storage facility 2 is directly 12 and/or indirectly 15 via the boiler house 14 connected to ambient air 10, the storage facility 2 is sufficiently ventilated and the risk of a high carbon monoxide concentration within the pellets storage facility 2 is significantly reduced. Additionally the environmentally harmful carbon monoxide formed during pellets storage is oxidised to carbon dioxide and emitted only after previous co-combustion in the combustion chamber. This is less harmful to the environment compared with regular ventilation of carbon monoxide laden off-air of the pellets storage facilities as known in the art.
  • the feed-in unit 3 typically comprises a screw conveyor that is also filled quasi gas-tight with pellets that are moved in direction 4 into the combustion unit 5. Accordingly a separate venting unit 6 between the pellets storage facility 2 and the pellets combustion unit 5 is realised, as is depicted in the pellets storage facility 2 and the pellets combustion unit 5 is realised, as is depicted in the figure.
  • the direct air supply connection 12 as well as the indirect air supply connection 15 are equipped with a ventilation device 17 to define the direction of ventilation supply air 13 and avoid leakage of carbon monoxide-enriched ventilation air from the pellets storage facility 2 to the outside 10.
  • the air supply connection 12 might in many cases also be used to refill the storage from time to time with pellets and is therefore not necessarily only a ventilation device.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Système comprenant un système de ventilation (1), une installation de stockage de granulés de biomasse (2), une unité de combustion de granulés (5) et une unité d'alimentation en entrée étanche de granulés (3) située entre l'installation de stockage de granulés (2) et l'unité de combustion de granulés (5), caractérisé en ce qu'une unité de mise à l'air distincte (6) raccorde l'installation de stockage de granulés (2) et l'unité de combustion de granulés (5).
  2. Système selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que, à l'intérieur de l'unité de mise à l'air (6), de l'air d'alimentation de ventilation (13) de l'installation de stockage de granulés (2) est aspiré en tant qu'air d'alimentation de combustion (7) dans l'unité de combustion de granulés (5).
  3. Système selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'installation de stockage de granulés (2) est équipée d'au moins une conduite de raccordement direct (12) et/ou d'une conduite de raccordement indirect (15) de façon à amener de l'air d'alimentation de ventilation (13) d'un extérieur (10) vers l'installation de stockage (2).
  4. Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'unité de mise à l'air (6) et/ou l'au moins une conduite de raccordement (12) et/ou conduite de raccordement indirect (15) est/sont équipées d'un dispositif d'aspiration (16) et/ou d'un dispositif de ventilation (17).
  5. Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'unité de mise à l'air (6) est intégrée dans l'unité d'alimentation en entrée (3).
  6. Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une pression d'air dans l'installation de stockage de granulés (2) est inférieure à une pression atmosphérique de l'air ambiant (10).
  7. Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une pression d'air dans l'unité de mise à l'air (6) est inférieure à une pression d'air dans l'installation de stockage de granulés (2).
EP13166613.3A 2013-05-06 2013-05-06 Système avec un système de ventilation pour stockage de granulé de biomasse pour la réduction des concentrations de monoxyde de carbone Not-in-force EP2801540B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13166613.3A EP2801540B1 (fr) 2013-05-06 2013-05-06 Système avec un système de ventilation pour stockage de granulé de biomasse pour la réduction des concentrations de monoxyde de carbone

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13166613.3A EP2801540B1 (fr) 2013-05-06 2013-05-06 Système avec un système de ventilation pour stockage de granulé de biomasse pour la réduction des concentrations de monoxyde de carbone

Publications (2)

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EP2801540A1 EP2801540A1 (fr) 2014-11-12
EP2801540B1 true EP2801540B1 (fr) 2017-08-30

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EP13166613.3A Not-in-force EP2801540B1 (fr) 2013-05-06 2013-05-06 Système avec un système de ventilation pour stockage de granulé de biomasse pour la réduction des concentrations de monoxyde de carbone

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Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT5148U1 (de) * 2000-03-03 2002-03-25 Lohberger Heiz & Kochgeraete T Vorrichtung zum austragen von festen teilchen
KR20110120079A (ko) * 2010-04-28 2011-11-03 윤성목 목편이나 톱밥 및 펠릿을 연료로 사용하는 보일러 장치
JP5595132B2 (ja) * 2010-06-10 2014-09-24 三菱重工業株式会社 バイオマス貯留装置

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
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