EP2799847B1 - Procédé de contrôle optique de surfaces d'objets - Google Patents

Procédé de contrôle optique de surfaces d'objets Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2799847B1
EP2799847B1 EP13002358.3A EP13002358A EP2799847B1 EP 2799847 B1 EP2799847 B1 EP 2799847B1 EP 13002358 A EP13002358 A EP 13002358A EP 2799847 B1 EP2799847 B1 EP 2799847B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
images
extracted
region
illumination
area
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EP13002358.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2799847A1 (fr
Inventor
Johann Grossmann
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Compar AG
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Compar AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/8851—Scan or image signal processing specially adapted therefor, e.g. for scan signal adjustment, for detecting different kinds of defects, for compensating for structures, markings, edges
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
    • G01B11/2433—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures for measuring outlines by shadow casting
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
    • G01N21/9515—Objects of complex shape, e.g. examined with use of a surface follower device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
    • G01N21/952—Inspecting the exterior surface of cylindrical bodies or wires
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T3/00—Geometric image transformations in the plane of the image
    • G06T3/40—Scaling of whole images or parts thereof, e.g. expanding or contracting
    • G06T3/4038—Image mosaicing, e.g. composing plane images from plane sub-images
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B2210/00—Aspects not specifically covered by any group under G01B, e.g. of wheel alignment, caliper-like sensors
    • G01B2210/52—Combining or merging partially overlapping images to an overall image

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the optical examination of the surface of an article according to claim 1.
  • Methods are generally known in which the surface of objects is scanned by means of line scan cameras to form an image acquisition.
  • a single defined illumination for example a dark field illumination, a grazing light or an incident light illumination is used.
  • US-A-2009/0279083 discloses an apparatus and method for optically identifying a thread start and thread profile of a threaded bore in an article.
  • the device comprises an optical-equipped probe for insertion into the threaded bore and a camera which is a series of Pictures of the threaded hole on the probe during their movement absorbs. An area of these images is extracted each time, and these extracted areas are assembled into a surface image of the object.
  • an apparatus and a method for nondestructive inspection of an object are known in order to detect defects on the surface of this object.
  • the method includes digital imaging of the illuminated subject with a camera and optics, storage of those images, extraction by digital image processing of images that show an error on the surface of the workpiece, and storage of those extracted images along with the associated data ,
  • an object whose surface is to be examined and a surface camera are moved relative to one another, preferably in a specific direction. During this relative movement, a sequence of images is taken of the object with the area camera.
  • the object is illuminated with a lighting device during the taking of the sequence of images by means of the area camera.
  • a lighting device can be used which generates reflected light. It is also possible to produce a dark field illumination by means of the illumination device or to generate transmitted light by means of the illumination device.
  • Transmitted light is particularly suitable for extracting and checking the profile of the surface.
  • incident light and a dark field illumination different surface defects in the surface image can be represented particularly meaningfully, by means of incident light and extractions with incident light characteristic and dark field characteristic, for example, errors appear dark instead of bright or discolored.
  • incident light characteristic and dark field characteristic for example, errors appear dark instead of bright or discolored.
  • scratches, dents, protrusions, imprints, dirt and the like at the same time and particularly easily recognizable.
  • the object can be illuminated with reflected light, whereby (only) a part of the object is in incident light. Subsequently, a first region with incident light characteristic and a second region - in the transition region of reflected light and non-illuminated part of the object - corresponding to a dark field characteristic can be extracted from the images of the object recorded with reflected light illumination.
  • the number of images of the sequence is large, preferably over a hundred, preferably a few hundred.
  • successive images overlap each other strongly. This means, for example, more than 90%, particularly preferably more than 98%, particularly preferably more than 99%.
  • the images are all saved, and from the stored images, one area is extracted at a time. These extracted areas are assembled into a surface image representing the surface of the object.
  • the images can be stored either in the area camera or in a computer.
  • the extraction of the areas and the composition of the extracted areas to the surface image is done by means of the computer.
  • a synthesized surface image is generated.
  • the area to be extracted from the images can be set either automatically or manually.
  • subsequently different surface images can be generated by extracting from each of the stored images the respective regions, for example according to a specific lighting characteristic, and assembled into new surface images.
  • surface images for different types of illumination can be obtained from the single sequence of images.
  • the region to be extracted preferably has the form of a strip.
  • this strip extends at least approximately at right angles to the direction of the relative movement.
  • the width of the strip is preferably selected to be the difference between the effective overlap of the images and a complete overlay.
  • the surface image synthesized from this is then a continuous image of the surface of the object.
  • the strip preferably extends over the entire extent of the object, seen in the longitudinal direction of the strip.
  • the strip is shorter than the entire extent. This especially if only a part of the surface is to be checked.
  • the object is rotated in the field of view of the surface camera.
  • the entire object is preferably in the field of view.
  • the rotation of the object makes it possible to synthesize developments from the sequence of images.
  • the area camera is arranged stationary and the object is moved.
  • the object is completely rotated about a rotation axis, wherein this rotation axis preferably extends at right angles to the optical axis of the surface camera.
  • This embodiment is particularly suitable when the object is at least approximately rotationally symmetrical to a longitudinal axis.
  • the longitudinal axis preferably coincides at least approximately with the axis of rotation.
  • a depth image of the surface (3D) can be generated simultaneously.
  • the object is preferably illuminated simultaneously with two preferably different illumination devices. Since the object is made a series of a large number of images, its surface in each of the images appears according to the lighting characteristics of the lighting devices.
  • the object is illuminated by reflected light and a dark field illumination.
  • This also has the advantage that a dark-field characteristic is generated in the edge region of the illumination, in particular if the surface of the object is curved.
  • this embodiment in the control of the surface of at least approximately rotationally symmetrical objects.
  • a particular advantage of the method according to the invention is that at least two or more regions can be extracted from the images, and the corresponding extracted regions can be combined to form different surface images.
  • the area extracted from the images can be edited by well-known image processing methods become. From the machined areas, a synthetic surface image is then assembled.
  • a first region is extracted from the images, in which an edge of the article lies or can be seen. Due to the location of this edge or profile in the images or in the first region, a second region can be tracked and extracted. The extracted second area of the images is then assembled into the surface image.
  • the second region can be kept stationary relative to the non-circular motion.
  • several different areas are extracted from the images, which are stationary relative to the edge of the object.
  • the position of the border when processing the extracted area of the images in which the edge of the object lies, the position of the border can be assigned different gray values or colors, and from this a 3D image of the object can be generated.
  • the illumination with transmitted light is suitable for this purpose.
  • surface cameras have a large matrix of image pixels, by means of which two-dimensional images are recorded.
  • Area cameras may be used which preferably have one megapixel and more.
  • the area to be extracted in the images may be the height of a single pixel.
  • the strip mentioned above then has the width of a pixel.
  • extracting area may have the height of several pixels; accordingly, the strip has a width with the corresponding number of pixels.
  • an area to be extracted can consist of several partial areas, which, however, are permanently assigned to one another.
  • the subregions can lie in the direction of a straight line one behind the other.
  • Said strip is then composed in the direction of the strip successively arranged partial strips, preferably all with the same width together.
  • the synthesized surface image can be compared computer-aided with a target image or checked for the admissibility or inadmissibility of errors and deviations. It is also conceivable to check the synthesized surface image of the eye.
  • the inventive method is also suitable for the production of a synthesized surface image of flat objects.
  • the object is moved in a certain direction relative to the surface camera, for example, in a straight line, which in turn receives the images of the object in rapid succession.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show in view and plan view of an apparatus for performing the inventive method for optical testing of the surface 10 of an object 12, a so-called test object. In the embodiment shown, it is about the optical examination of the shell-side surface of the object 12, which is at least approximately rotationally symmetrical with respect to its longitudinal axis 14.
  • the object 12 is arranged on a turntable 16, the longitudinal axis 14 of the object 12 preferably coinciding with the axis of rotation 18.
  • the turntable 16 is driven to rotate about its axis of rotation 18 running in the vertical direction at a constant speed in a direction R, here the direction of rotation R.
  • the turntable 16 rotates once for example in thirty seconds about its axis of rotation 18th
  • a turntable 16 driving motor 20 is preferably provided with an encoder to know the respective rotational position of the turntable 16 and thus of the article 12. Furthermore, the device has an area camera 22. It is for example provided with a matrix of 1'628 by 1'236 pixels. However, surface cameras of different resolutions can be used.
  • the optical axis 24 of the area camera 22 intersects the axis of rotation 18 and the entire object 12 lies in the field of view 26 of the area camera 22.
  • the area camera 22 is connected to a computer 28.
  • the motor 20 is connected to the drive and the encoder to the computer 28.
  • the device further comprises two illumination devices 30, 32.
  • the first illumination device 30 is located, in the direction of the optical axis 24, between the turntable 16 and the surface camera 22. It has a arranged at 45 ° to the optical axis 24 semitransparent mirror through which the field of view 26 passes.
  • an illumination source 36 is arranged, for example in the form of an LED matrix. Between the mirror 34 and the illumination source 36 may be a line stop 38 to illuminate with the light deflected around the mirror 34, the object 12 in an example parallel to the axis of rotation 18 extending light strip which extends over the object 12 with incident light.
  • the second illumination device 32 In the direction of the optical axis 24 with respect to the turntable 16 on the side facing away from the surface camera 22 is the second illumination device 32. This illuminates the article 12 with transmitted light.
  • the first illumination device 30 or the second illumination device 32 can be dispensed with. It is also conceivable to provide further illumination devices, for example, especially for a dark field illumination.
  • the area camera 22 makes ten frames per second, thus three hundred images of the object 12 during one revolution about the axis of rotation 18.
  • the entire sequence of these three hundred images is stored.
  • the sequence of images in the area camera 22 is stored and the images are subsequently transmitted to the computer 28; this for storage and subsequent processing. It is also possible to transmit each image to the computer 28 immediately after recording.
  • the rotational speed can be increased.
  • the area camera makes a large number of images of the object 12 in rapid succession.
  • the number of images taken by the object 12 can be selected according to needs.
  • an object 12 is used, which is rotationally symmetrical to its longitudinal axis 14, with the exception of an arrow 42 representing a recess 42 in the surface 10 to be tested forming lateral surface 44 of the object 12th
  • the article 12 is formed by a circular cylindrical core portion 46 having a first and a second circumferential, with respect to the core portion 46 in the radial direction projecting, annular, rectangular in cross-section thickening 48 and 48 '. Seen in the direction of the longitudinal axis 14, located between the two thickenings 48, 48 'in the core part 46, the recess 42. The first thickening 48 is spaced from a first end 50 of the core member 46 by a distance which is greater than the distance between the opposite end 50 'of the core portion 46 and the second thickening 48'.
  • the article 10, for example, measured in the direction of the longitudinal axis 14 has a length of 6 mm and a maximum diameter of 3 mm.
  • the object 12 is rotated about its longitudinal axis 14 by means of the driven turntable 16, wherein a sequence of, for example, 300 images 52 is taken by the area camera 22 during one revolution of the object 12.
  • a sequence of, for example, 300 images 52 is taken by the area camera 22 during one revolution of the object 12.
  • Each of these images 52 shows the entire article 12 in the exemplary embodiment shown.
  • the sequence of images is shown in FIG FIG. 3 symbolized by some pictures.
  • All images 52 of the series of images 52 taken with the area camera 22 are either stored in the areal camera 22 and subsequently transmitted to the computer 28 or in each case transmitted directly to the computer 28 for storage.
  • a signal of the encoder 20 is also transmitted to the computer 28 during the recording of the images 52, so that each image 52 can be assigned a specific rotational position of the turntable 16 and of the object 12 arranged thereon.
  • FIG. 4 For example, from the captured sequence of images 52 FIG. 4 the first picture 52, FIG. 5 the thirty-eighth picture 52 and FIG. 6 the seventy-sixth picture 52.
  • the background appears bright due to the transmitted light illumination by means of the second illumination device 32.
  • the hatchings indicate those sections of the object 12 which are in the shadow of the transmitted light and not in reflected light.
  • FIG. 7 the picture 52 is off FIG. 6 to explain three areas extracted from the images 52.
  • an area may have the height of only one pixel, which would be the property of a line scan camera. However, the area may also be the height of a desired number of pixels.
  • an area may consist of several sub-areas, which may be spaced apart in the direction of the longitudinal axis.
  • a first extraction area 56 is illustrated. He is bright in the transition area (Due to reflected light) is selected in dark and is composed of three sub-areas 56a, 56b and 56c.
  • the first portion 56a extends from the first end 50 to the first thickening 48; the portion 56b extends from the first thickening 48 to the second thickening 48 ', and the portion 56c extends from the second thickening to the end 50'.
  • the first extraction region 56 thus appears as a strip 57, which is composed of partial strips corresponding to the partial regions 56a, 56b, 56c. He has here the width of, for example, four pixels.
  • a second extraction area 58 is selected in the middle of the portion 54 of the highlight. It extends uninterruptedly over the entire length of the article 12, and seen in height only over a portion of the height of the section 54.
  • the extraction area 58 forms an uninterrupted strip 57.
  • it has the width of, for example, four pixels.
  • a third extraction area 60 is also illustrated by means of a rectangle indicated by dashed lines, in which both the edge 62 of the core part 46 and the thickenings 48, 48 'is located.
  • This extraction region 60 forms an uninterrupted strip 57, the width of which, however, being larger, here for example about 100 pixels.
  • the computer 23 From the images 52 of the sequence of images, the computer 23 always uses the three extraction regions 56 and assembled into outlines 64 'of representative surface images 64 showing the surface 10 in the characteristic of the corresponding illumination.
  • FIG. 8 shows the object according to the rotational position in FIG. 5 wherein a line 66 shows the profile 66 of the article 12 obtained by evaluation of the third extraction area 60.
  • the evaluation takes place along the brightness difference between the transmitted light and the shadowed area of the object 12.
  • the profile 66 corresponds to the edge 62 in the relevant image 52.
  • the profile 66 is determined, and then the profiles 66 - in the order of recording the images 52 - assembled to the height profile reproducing surface image 64, as shown in the FIGS. 9 and 10 is indicated. It should be noted, however, that for the sake of clarity, only a selection of the processed third extraction regions 60 is shown.
  • the generated profile lines 66 are lined up in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 14, while in FIG. 10 successively laterally offset from one another.
  • the synthetic surface images 64 produced in this way from the third extraction area 60 correspond to a depth image.
  • the profiles 66 can also be displayed as a grid, as a grayscale image or in height-coded colors.
  • a possible synthesis from the second extraction regions 58 of the sequence of images 52 shows FIG. 11 ,
  • FIG. 12 It shows a synthesized development 64 'corresponding to the characteristic of a dark field illumination. It should be noted that the first extraction region 56 consists of the three spaced-apart partial regions 56a, 56b and 56c, such as this in connection with FIG. 7 explained above.
  • the successive images 52 of the sequence of images overlap strongly.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Claims (12)

  1. Procédé pour le contrôle optique de la surface d'un objet, dans lequel l'objet (12) et une caméra de surface (22) sont déplacés relativement entre eux dans une direction (R), pendant le mouvement relatif une séquence d'images (52) de l'objet (12) est prise avec la caméra de surface (22), pendant la prise de la séquence d'images (52) l'objet (12) est éclairé au moyen d'un dispositif d'éclairage (30, 32), les images (52) sont enregistrées, chaque fois une zone (56, 58, 60), laquelle est plus petite que l'image (52) respective, est extraite des images enregistrées (52) et les zones extraites (56, 58, 60) sont assemblées en une image de surface (64) de l'objet (12),
    caractérisé en ce que les images successives se chevauchent, l'objet étant éclairé de telle sorte que des zones des images présentent des caractéristiques d'éclairage différentes, et que des images de surface (64) différentes sont générées en ce que l'on extrait de chacune des images (52) enregistrées de l'unique séquence d'images (52) les zones (56, 58, 60) en question, conformément à une caractéristique d'éclairage définie, et les assemble en de nouvelles images de surface (64).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la zone à extraire (56, 58, 60) présente la forme d'une bande (57) qui s'étend au moins approximativement à angle droit par rapport à la direction (R).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé la zone (56, 58, 60) extraite à partir des images (52) est traitée au moyen d'un traitement d'image et qu'ensuite, les zones extraites traitées (56, 58, 60) sont assemblées pour donner l'image de surface (64).
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'objet (12) dans le champ visuel (26) de la caméra de surface (22) de préférence disposée de façon stationnaire est tourné dans la direction (R).
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'on fait complètement tourner l'objet (12) autour d'un axe de rotation (18) s'étendant de préférence en angle droit par rapport à l'axe optique (24) de la caméra de surface (22) et que ce faisant, au moins cent, de préférence au moins près de trois cent images sont prises.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce qu'à partir des zones extraites (56, 58, 60) des images (52), on assemble un développement (64').
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que, pendant la prise de la séquence d'images (52), l'objet (12) est éclairé simultanément au moyen d'au moins deux dispositifs d'éclairage (30, 32).
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que l'objet (12) est éclairé au moyen de dispositifs d'éclairage (30, 32) générant une lumière incidente et/ou une lumière transmise et/ou un éclairage de fond noir.
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'à partir des images (52), on extrait une zone (60) dans laquelle se situe un bord (62) de l'objet (12), en raison du lieu du bord (62) dans cette zone (60), au moins une autre zone (56, 58) à extraire est localisée dans les images (52), et l'autre zone (56, 58) extraite est assemblée pour donner l'image de surface.
  10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que les images successives (52) se chevauchent au moins à 90%, de préférence au moins à 98%, en particulier à plus de 99%, mais cependant à moins de 100%.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 2 et 10, caractérisé en ce que la largeur de la bande (57) correspond au moins approximativement à la différence entre le chevauchement effectif et un chevauchement complet.
  12. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que les images (52) sont prises à intervalles égaux du mouvement relatif.
EP13002358.3A 2013-05-03 2013-05-03 Procédé de contrôle optique de surfaces d'objets Active EP2799847B1 (fr)

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EP13002358.3A EP2799847B1 (fr) 2013-05-03 2013-05-03 Procédé de contrôle optique de surfaces d'objets

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EP2799847B1 true EP2799847B1 (fr) 2018-10-24

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CN107084683A (zh) * 2017-05-03 2017-08-22 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空精密机械研究所 一种用于测量航空发动机叶形孔形位参数的装置

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GB2262339B (en) * 1991-12-13 1995-09-06 Honda Motor Co Ltd Method of inspecting the surface of a workpiece
JP2002236100A (ja) * 2001-02-09 2002-08-23 Hitachi Ltd 非破壊検査方法およびその装置
US8054460B2 (en) * 2008-05-12 2011-11-08 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Methodology for evaluating the start and profile of a thread with a vision-based system

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