EP2797168B1 - Monopolantenne mit einem verjüngten Balun - Google Patents

Monopolantenne mit einem verjüngten Balun Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2797168B1
EP2797168B1 EP13165522.7A EP13165522A EP2797168B1 EP 2797168 B1 EP2797168 B1 EP 2797168B1 EP 13165522 A EP13165522 A EP 13165522A EP 2797168 B1 EP2797168 B1 EP 2797168B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
monopole antenna
arms
client node
microstrip
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP13165522.7A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2797168A1 (de
Inventor
Huanhuan Gu
Houssam Kanj
Christopher Devries
James Paul Warden
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BlackBerry Ltd
Original Assignee
BlackBerry Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to EP13165522.7A priority Critical patent/EP2797168B1/de
Publication of EP2797168A1 publication Critical patent/EP2797168A1/de
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Publication of EP2797168B1 publication Critical patent/EP2797168B1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/50—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
    • H01Q9/285—Planar dipole
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/32—Vertical arrangement of element
    • H01Q9/38—Vertical arrangement of element with counterpoise

Definitions

  • 60 GHz communication may facilitate a large communication bandwidth and higher data rates relative to lower frequencies of operation (e.g., WiFi).
  • the shorter wavelength in 60 GHz based systems allows for small antenna dimensions that enable multiple antenna systems, such as phased arrays.
  • the 60 GHz antenna form factor is on the order of millimeters, which requires advanced integration techniques for packaging. Routing signals from a chipset source to an antenna is also problematic. There may also be competing requirements between the antenna and the support circuitry. For example, the antenna may need a substrate with low permittivity and high relative thickness to obtain the greatest efficiency, a wide bandwidth, an undisturbed radiation pattern, and less coupling to other components. Conversely, the radio frequency (RF) components may require thin materials with high permittivity for compactness, better signal transmission, and better thermal dissipation.
  • RF radio frequency
  • antennas there are various types of antennas. In a 60 GHz based system, it may be beneficial to have antennas that are omnidirectional.
  • a typical example is a printed planar monopole antenna fed with a microstrip transmission line.
  • the microstrip line length could be on the order of a wavelength. Then, if the transmission line is unbalanced, strong radiation may come from the transmission line itself.
  • WO 02/093690 relates to an apparatus for coupling a signal supply with an ultra wide bandwidth (UWB) antenna including first and second elements (1306, 1304; 1606, 1608).
  • the signal supply delivers a signal to the antenna at a connection locus.
  • the first element has a first edge and the second element has a second edge; the connection locus includes part of the first and second edges.
  • the apparatus includes a first and second feed structure.
  • the first feed structure extends a feed distance from the signal supply to the second edge and divides the first element into two lands (1306a, 1306b; 1606a, 1606b) in spaced relation with the first feed structure to establish a tapered separation distance (1320, 1324; 1622, 1624) intermediate the first feed structure and the two lands.
  • the second feed structure couples the signal supply with the first proximal edge.
  • the separation distance establishes a signal transmission structure between the two lands and the first feed structure.
  • GB2439110 relates to an ultra-wideband antenna or a method for its manufacture comprises a laminar dielectric substrate 51 and a transmission line 52 connected to a radiating element 54.
  • the radiating element 54 is tapered to a narrow end which is connected to an end of the transmission line 52 whilst the distal, wider end of the radiating element 54 has a v-shaped notch defining two lobes which diverge with increasing distance from the transmission line 52.
  • the outer edges of the said lobes have a plurality of serrations 56 to inhibit the propagation of signal waves along the said outer edge.
  • a ground plane element 61 is also formed on the said substrate 51.
  • the ground element 61 may include slots on its outer longitudinal edges and be arranged coplanar with the radiating element 54 and the transmission line 52 or in a parallel plane on the opposite surface of the said laminar substrate 51 and a further substrate layer 66 may be included such that a RF shield layer 53, connected to the ground layer 61, may be added above the transmission line 52.
  • the ground layer 61 and shield layer 53 may be in the form of an "I" or "T" shaped element where the top arms of the said element may include a plurality of irregularly spaced slots which are parallel to the transmission line.
  • EP 2079130 relates to an antenna module includes a dielectric substrate, a grounding element, a transmission element and a radiating element.
  • the dielectric substrate has a first surface and a second surface.
  • the grounding element is disposed on the first surface.
  • the transmission element and the radiating element are disposed on the second surface.
  • the radiating element includes a first sub-radiating element having a first side and a second side. The first sub-radiation element is connected to the transmission element at the first side, and the width of the first sub-radiating element gradually becomes larger from the first side toward the second side.
  • US 2006/066487 relates to a micro-miniature, light weighted and low cost trapezoid ultra wide antenna having an ultra wide band characteristics and a notch characteristic in 5 GHz WLAN band (5.15-5.35 GHz) is disclosed.
  • the trapezoid ultra wide antenna includes: a dielectric substrate; a trapezoid shaped patch formed at an upper end of a middle line on an upper side of the dielectric substrate; a feeding line formed at a bottom end of the middle line on the upper side of the dielectric substrate for feeding electric power to the trapezoid shaped patch; a matching stub formed between the trapezoid shaped patch and the feeding line for impedance matching between the trapezoid shaped patch and the feeding line; and a ground formed at a side of the feeding line on the upper side of the dielectric substrate.
  • US 2006/158383 relates to an Ultra WideBand (UWB) substrate type dipole antenna which has a stable radiation pattern.
  • the UWB substrate type dipole antenna includes a dielectric substrate, a first radiator formed on a side of the dielectric substrate, a signal line transmitting an energy from a coaxial cable to the first radiator, and a plurality of second radiators formed at a predetermined distance from the first radiator and the signal line, and respectively having therein a plurality of slits of a predetermined configuration.
  • WO 97/08774 relates to a printed antenna comprises an end fed elongate first dipole element (12) provided on one side of a dielectric substrate (10).
  • a second dipole element (16, 17) is provided on the opposite side of the dielectric substrate.
  • the second dipole comprises first and second elongate elements (16, 17) disposed one on each side of the longitudinal axis of the first dipole element as viewed through the substrate.
  • a ground plane (14) on the second side of the substrate is connected to the first and second elements (16, 17) at a distance from a free end of the first dipole element corresponding substantially to a quarter wavelength of the frequency (or centre frequency) above interest.
  • the first and second elements (16, 17) are a quarter of a wavelength long and may be inclined relative to the first dipole element (12) or extend parallel thereto ( Figure 4 - not shown).; Pairs of the printed antennas may be connected with switching elements to form antenna diversity arrangements ( Figure 5 - not shown).
  • the present disclosure is directed in general to communications systems and methods for operating the same.
  • Embodiments are directed to a balun structure comprising: a monopole antenna, and a microstrip coupled to the monopole antenna and comprising a ground plane modified to include at least two arms.
  • Embodiments are directed to a balun structure comprising: a monopole antenna, and a microstrip coupled to the monopole antenna using a stepwise tapered microstrip feed.
  • Embodiments are directed to a method comprising: modifying a ground plane of a microstrip to include at least two arms, and coupling the microstrip to a monopole antenna.
  • a component may be, but is not limited to being, a processor, a process running on a processor, an object, an executable instruction sequence, a thread of execution, a program, or a computer.
  • a component may be, but is not limited to being, a processor, a process running on a processor, an object, an executable instruction sequence, a thread of execution, a program, or a computer.
  • an application running on a computer and the computer itself can be a component.
  • One or more components may reside within a process or thread of execution and a component may be localized on one computer or distributed between two or more computers.
  • node broadly refers to a connection point, such as a redistribution point or a communication endpoint, of a communication environment, such as a network. Accordingly, such nodes refer to an active electronic device capable of sending, receiving, or forwarding information over a communications channel. Examples of such nodes include data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE), such as a modem, hub, bridge or switch, and data terminal equipment (DTE), such as a handset, a printer or a host computer (e.g., a router, workstation or server).
  • DCE data circuit-terminating equipment
  • DTE data terminal equipment
  • Examples of local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN) nodes include computers, packet switches, cable modems, Data Subscriber Line (DSL) modems, and wireless LAN (WLAN) access points.
  • Examples of Internet or Intranet nodes include host computers identified by an Internet Protocol (IP) address, bridges and WLAN access points.
  • examples of nodes in cellular communication include base stations, relays, base station controllers, radio network controllers, home location registers (HLR), visited location registers (VLR), Gateway GPRS Support Nodes (GGSN), Serving GPRS Support Nodes (SGSN), Serving Gateways (S-GW), and Packet Data Network Gateways (PDN-GW).
  • HLR home location registers
  • VLR Visit location registers
  • GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Nodes
  • SGSN Serving GPRS Support Nodes
  • S-GW Serving Gateways
  • PDN-GW Packet Data Network Gateways
  • a server node refers to an information processing device (e.g., a host computer), or series of information processing devices, that perform information processing requests submitted by other nodes.
  • a peer node may sometimes serve as client node, and at other times, a server node.
  • a node that actively routes data for other networked devices as well as itself may be referred to as a supernode.
  • An access node refers to a node that provides a client node access to a communication environment.
  • Examples of access nodes include cellular network base stations and wireless broadband (e.g., WiFi, WiMAX, etc.) access points, which provide corresponding cell and WLAN coverage areas. WiGig® and its equivalents in the greater than 50GHz range are also examples of wireless broadband.
  • a macrocell is used to generally describe a traditional cellular network cell coverage area. Such macrocells are typically found in rural areas, along highways, or in less populated areas.
  • a microcell refers to a cellular network cell with a smaller coverage area than that of a macrocell. Such micro cells are typically used in a densely populated urban area.
  • a picocell refers to a cellular network coverage area that is less than that of a microcell.
  • An example of the coverage area of a picocell may be a large office, a shopping mall, or a train station.
  • a femtocell as used herein, currently refers to the smallest commonly accepted area of cellular network coverage. As an example, the coverage area of a femtocell is sufficient for homes or small offices.
  • a coverage area of less than two kilometers typically corresponds to a microcell, 200 meters or less for a picocell, and on the order of 10 meters for a femtocell.
  • the actual dimensions of the cell may depend on the radio frequency of operation, the radio propagation conditions and the density of communications traffic.
  • a client node communicating with an access node associated with a macrocell is referred to as a "macrocell client.”
  • a client node communicating with an access node associated with a microcell, picocell, or femtocell is respectively referred to as a "microcell client,” “picocell client,” or “femtocell client.”
  • computer readable media can include but are not limited to magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strips, etc.), optical disks such as a compact disk (CD) or digital versatile disk (DVD), smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g., card, stick, etc.).
  • magnetic storage devices e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strips, etc.
  • optical disks such as a compact disk (CD) or digital versatile disk (DVD)
  • smart cards e.g., card, stick, etc.
  • exemplary is used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any aspect or design described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs. Those of skill in the art will recognize many modifications may be made to this configuration without departing from the scope, spirit or intent of the claimed subject matter. Furthermore, the disclosed subject matter may be implemented as a system, method, apparatus, or article of manufacture using standard programming and engineering techniques to produce software, firmware, hardware, or any combination thereof to control a computer or processor-based device to implement aspects detailed herein.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a system 100 suitable for implementing one or more embodiments disclosed herein.
  • the system 100 comprises a processor 110, which may be referred to as a central processor unit (CPU) or digital signal processor (DSP), network connectivity interfaces 120, random access memory (RAM) 130, read only memory (ROM) 140, secondary storage 150, and input/output (I/O) devices 160.
  • processor 110 which may be referred to as a central processor unit (CPU) or digital signal processor (DSP), network connectivity interfaces 120, random access memory (RAM) 130, read only memory (ROM) 140, secondary storage 150, and input/output (I/O) devices 160.
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read only memory
  • secondary storage 150 secondary storage
  • I/O input/output
  • I/O input/output
  • some of these components may not be present or may be combined in various combinations with one another or with other components not shown.
  • These components may be located in a single physical entity or in more than one physical entity. Any actions
  • the processor 110 executes instructions, codes, computer programs, or scripts that it might access from the network connectivity interfaces 120, RAM 130, or ROM 140. While only one processor 110 is shown, multiple processors may be present. Thus, while instructions may be discussed as being executed by a processor 110, the instructions may be executed simultaneously, serially, or otherwise by one or multiple processors 110 implemented as one or more CPU chips.
  • the network connectivity interfaces 120 may also be capable of transmitting or receiving data wirelessly in the form of electromagnetic waves, such as radio frequency signals or microwave frequency signals.
  • Information transmitted or received by the network connectivity interfaces 120 may include data that has been processed by the processor 110 or instructions that are to be executed by processor 110. The data may be ordered according to different sequences as may be desirable for either processing or generating the data or transmitting or receiving the data.
  • the RAM 130 may be used to store volatile data and instructions that are executed by the processor 110.
  • the ROM 140 shown in Figure 1 may likewise be used to store instructions and data that is read during execution of the instructions.
  • the secondary storage 150 is typically comprised of one or more disk drives, solid state drives, or tape drives and may be used for nonvolatile storage of data or as an overflow data storage device if RAM 130 is not large enough to hold all working data. Secondary storage 150 may likewise be used to store programs that are loaded into RAM 130 when such programs are selected for execution.
  • the I/O devices 160 may include liquid crystal displays (LCDs), Light Emitting Diode (LED) displays, Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) displays, projectors, televisions, touch screen displays, keyboards, keypads, switches, dials, mice, track balls, track pads, voice recognizers, card readers, paper tape readers, printers, video monitors, or other well-known input/output devices.
  • LCDs liquid crystal displays
  • LED Light Emitting Diode
  • OLED Organic Light Emitting Diode
  • projectors televisions, touch screen displays, keyboards, keypads, switches, dials, mice, track balls, track pads, voice recognizers, card readers, paper tape readers, printers, video monitors, or other well-known input/output devices.
  • the client node 202 includes a display 204.
  • the client node 202 may likewise include a touch-sensitive surface, a keyboard or other input keys 206 generally used for input by a user.
  • the input keys 206 may likewise be a full or reduced alphanumeric keyboard such as QWERTY, DVORAK, AZERTY, and sequential keyboard types, or a traditional numeric keypad with alphabet letters associated with a telephone keypad.
  • the input keys 206 may likewise include a trackwheel, an exit or escape key, a trackball, trackpad, touch sensitive input device and other navigational or functional keys, which may be moved to different positions, e.g., inwardly depressed, to provide further input function.
  • the client node 202 may likewise present options for the user to select, controls for the user to actuate, and cursors or other indicators for the user to direct.
  • the client node 202 may further accept data entry from the user, including numbers to dial or various parameter values for configuring the operation of the client node 202.
  • the client node 202 may further execute one or more software or firmware applications in response to user commands. These applications may configure the client node 202 to perform various customized functions in response to user interaction.
  • the client node 202 may be programmed or configured over-the-air (OTA), for example from a wireless network access node 'A' 210 through 'n' 216 (e.g., a base station), a server node 224 (e.g., a host computer), or a peer client node 202.
  • OTA over-the-air
  • a web browser which enables the display 204 to display a web page.
  • the web page may be obtained from a server node 224 through a wireless connection with a wireless network 220.
  • a wireless network 220 broadly refers to any network using at least one wireless connection between two of its nodes.
  • the various applications may likewise be obtained from a peer client node 202 or other system over a connection to the wireless network 220 or any other wirelessly-enabled communication network or system.
  • the wireless network 220 comprises a plurality of wireless sub-networks (e.g., cells with corresponding coverage areas) 'A' 212 through 'n' 218.
  • the wireless sub-networks 'A' 212 through 'n' 218 may variously comprise a mobile wireless access network or a fixed wireless access network.
  • the client node 202 transmits and receives communication signals, which are respectively communicated to and from the wireless network nodes 'A' 210 through 'n' 216 by wireless network antennas 'A' 208 through 'n' 214 (e.g., cell towers).
  • the communication signals are used by the wireless network access nodes 'A' 210 through 'n' 216 to establish a wireless communication session with the client node 202.
  • the network access nodes 'A' 210 through 'n' 216 broadly refer to any access node of a wireless network.
  • the wireless network access nodes 'A' 210 through 'n' 216 are respectively coupled to wireless sub-networks 'A' 212 through 'n' 218, which are in turn connected to the wireless network 220.
  • the wireless network 220 is coupled to a core network 222, e.g., a global computer network such as the Internet.
  • the client node 202 has access to information on various hosts, such as the server node 224.
  • the server node 224 may provide content that may be shown on the display 204 or used by the client node processor 110 for its operations.
  • the client node 202 may access the wireless network 220 through a peer client node 202 acting as an intermediary, in a relay type or hop type of connection.
  • the client node 202 may be tethered and obtain its data from a linked device that is connected to the wireless sub-network 212. Skilled practitioners of the art will recognize that many such embodiments are possible and the foregoing is not intended to limit the spirit, scope, or intention of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 depicts a block diagram of an exemplary client node as implemented with a digital signal processor (DSP) in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. While various components of a client node 202 are depicted, various embodiments of the client node 202 may include a subset of the listed components or additional components not listed. As shown in Figure 3 , the client node 202 includes a DSP 302 and a memory 304.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • the client node 202 may further include an antenna and front end unit 306, a radio frequency (RF) transceiver 308, an analog baseband processing unit 310, a microphone 312, an earpiece speaker 314, a headset port 316, a bus 318, such as a system bus or an input/output (I/O) interface bus, a removable memory card 320, a universal serial bus (USB) port 322, a short range wireless communication sub-system 324, an alert 326, a keypad 328, a liquid crystal display (LCD) 330, which may include a touch sensitive surface, an LCD controller 332, a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera 334, a camera controller 336, and a global positioning system (GPS) sensor 338, and a power management module 340 operably coupled to a power storage unit, such as a battery 342.
  • the client node 202 may include another kind of display that does not provide a touch sensitive screen.
  • the DSP 302 communicate
  • the DSP 302 or some other form of controller or central processing unit (CPU) operates to control the various components of the client node 202 in accordance with embedded software or firmware stored in memory 304 or stored in memory contained within the DSP 302 itself.
  • the DSP 302 may execute other applications stored in the memory 304 or made available via information media such as portable data storage media like the removable memory card 320 or via wired or wireless network communications.
  • the application software may comprise a compiled set of machine-readable instructions that configure the DSP 302 to provide the desired functionality, or the application software may be high-level software instructions to be processed by an interpreter or compiler to indirectly configure the DSP 302.
  • the antenna and front end unit 306 may be provided to convert between wireless signals and electrical signals, enabling the client node 202 to send and receive information from a cellular network or some other available wireless communications network or from a peer client node 202.
  • the antenna and front end unit 106 may include multiple antennas to support beam forming and/or multiple input multiple output (MIMO) operations.
  • MIMO operations may provide spatial diversity, which can be used to overcome difficult channel conditions or to increase channel throughput.
  • the antenna and front-end unit 306 may include antenna tuning or impedance matching components, RF power amplifiers, or low noise amplifiers.
  • the RF transceiver 308 provides frequency shifting, converting received RF signals to baseband and converting baseband transmit signals to RF.
  • a radio transceiver or RF transceiver may be understood to include other signal processing functionality such as modulation/demodulation, coding/decoding, interleaving/deinterleaving, spreading/despreading, inverse fast Fourier transforming (IFFT)/fast Fourier transforming (FFT), cyclic prefix appending/removal, and other signal processing functions.
  • IFFT inverse fast Fourier transforming
  • FFT fast Fourier transforming
  • cyclic prefix appending/removal and other signal processing functions.
  • the description here separates the description of this signal processing from the RF and/or radio stage and conceptually allocates that signal processing to the analog baseband processing unit 310 or the DSP 302 or other central processing unit.
  • the RF Transceiver 108, portions of the Antenna and Front End 306, and the analog base band processing unit 310 may
  • the radio access technology (RAT) RAT1 and RAT2 transceivers 354, 358, the IXRF 356, the IRSL 352 and Multi-RAT subsystem 350 are operably coupled to the RF transceiver 308 and analog baseband processing unit 310 and then also coupled to the antenna and front end 306 via the RF transceiver 308.
  • RAT radio access technology
  • the IXRF 356, the IRSL 352 and Multi-RAT subsystem 350 are operably coupled to the RF transceiver 308 and analog baseband processing unit 310 and then also coupled to the antenna and front end 306 via the RF transceiver 308.
  • there may be multiple RAT transceivers there will typically be multiple antennas or front ends 306 or RF transceivers 308, one for each RAT or band of operation.
  • the analog baseband processing unit 310 may provide various analog processing of inputs and outputs for the RF transceivers 308 and the speech interfaces (312, 314, 316). For example, the analog baseband processing unit 310 receives inputs from the microphone 312 and the headset 316 and provides outputs to the earpiece 314 and the headset 316. To that end, the analog baseband processing unit 310 may have ports for connecting to the built-in microphone 312 and the earpiece speaker 314 that enable the client node 202 to be used as a cell phone. The analog baseband processing unit 310 may further include a port for connecting to a headset or other hands-free microphone and speaker configuration.
  • the analog baseband processing unit 310 may provide digital-to-analog conversion in one signal direction and analog-to-digital conversion in the opposing signal direction. In various embodiments, at least some of the functionality of the analog baseband processing unit 310 may be provided by digital processing components, for example by the DSP 302 or by other central processing units.
  • the DSP 302 may perform modulation/demodulation, coding/decoding, interleaving/deinterleaving, spreading/despreading, inverse fast Fourier transforming (IFFT)/fast Fourier transforming (FFT), cyclic prefix appending/removal, and other signal processing functions associated with wireless communications.
  • IFFT inverse fast Fourier transforming
  • FFT fast Fourier transforming
  • cyclic prefix appending/removal and other signal processing functions associated with wireless communications.
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • the DSP 302 may perform modulation, coding, interleaving, inverse fast Fourier transforming, and cyclic prefix appending, and for a receiver function the DSP 302 may perform cyclic prefix removal, fast Fourier transforming, deinterleaving, decoding, and demodulation.
  • OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiplex access
  • the DSP 302 may communicate with a wireless network via the analog baseband processing unit 310.
  • the communication may provide Internet connectivity, enabling a user to gain access to content on the Internet and to send and receive e-mail or text messages.
  • the input/output interface 318 interconnects the DSP 302 and various memories and interfaces.
  • the memory 304 and the removable memory card 320 may provide software and data to configure the operation of the DSP 302.
  • the interfaces may be the USB interface 322 and the short range wireless communication sub-system 324.
  • the USB interface 322 may be used to charge the client node 202 and may also enable the client node 202 to function as a peripheral device to exchange information with a personal computer or other computer system.
  • the short range wireless communication sub-system 324 may include an infrared port, a Bluetooth interface, an IEEE 802.11 compliant wireless interface, or any other short range wireless communication sub-system, which may enable the client node 202 to communicate wirelessly with other nearby client nodes and access nodes.
  • the short-range wireless communication Sub-system 324 may also include suitable RF Transceiver, Antenna and Front End subsystems.
  • the input/output interface (“Bus") 318 may further connect the DSP 302 to the alert 326 that, when triggered, causes the client node 202 to provide a notice to the user, for example, by ringing, playing a melody, or vibrating.
  • the alert 326 may serve as a mechanism for alerting the user to any of various events such as an incoming call, a new text message, and an appointment reminder by silently vibrating, or by playing a specific pre-assigned melody for a particular caller.
  • the keypad 328 couples to the DSP 302 via the I/O interface ("Bus") 318 to provide one mechanism for the user to make selections, enter information, and otherwise provide input to the client node 202.
  • the keyboard 328 may be a full or reduced alphanumeric keyboard such as QWERTY, DVORAK, AZERTY and sequential types, or a traditional numeric keypad with alphabet letters associated with a telephone keypad.
  • the input keys may likewise include a trackwheel, track pad, an exit or escape key, a trackball, and other navigational or functional keys, which may be inwardly depressed to provide further input function.
  • Another input mechanism may be the LCD 330, which may include touch screen capability and also display text and/or graphics to the user.
  • the LCD controller 332 couples the DSP 302 to the LCD 330.
  • the CCD camera 334 if equipped, enables the client node 202 to make digital pictures.
  • the DSP 302 communicates with the CCD camera 334 via the camera controller 336.
  • a camera operating according to a technology other than Charge Coupled Device cameras may be employed.
  • the GPS sensor 338 is coupled to the DSP 302 to decode global positioning system signals or other navigational signals, thereby enabling the client node 202 to determine its position.
  • the GPS sensor 338 may be coupled to an antenna and front end (not shown) suitable for its band of operation.
  • Various other peripherals may also be included to provide additional functions, such as radio and television reception.
  • the client node (e.g., 202) comprises a first Radio Access Technology (RAT) transceiver 354 and a second RAT transceiver 358.
  • RAT Radio Access Technology
  • the RAT transceivers '1' 354 and '2' 358 are in turn coupled to a multi-RAT communications subsystem 350 by an Inter-RAT Supervisory Layer Module 352.
  • the multi- RAT communications subsystem 350 is operably coupled to the Bus 318.
  • the respective radio protocol layers of the first Radio Access Technology (RAT) transceiver 354 and the second RAT transceiver 358 are operably coupled to one another through an Inter-RAT eXchange Function (IRXF) Module 356.
  • IXF Inter-RAT eXchange Function
  • the network node (e.g. 224) acting as a server comprises a first communication link corresponding to data to/from the first RAT and a second communication link corresponding to data to/from the second RAT.
  • Embodiments of the disclosure may also include a housing in which the components of FIG. 3 are secured.
  • the antenna which can be part of the antenna and front end 306, is positioned in the housing.
  • the antenna might not be readily visible or distinguishable from the housing.
  • One or more slots may be available in the housing to support the antenna.
  • the antenna can be mostly positioned in the side of the housing.
  • the antenna can be at least partially positioned in a trackpad, display, or touchscreen of a device (e.g., a mobile device).
  • Embodiments of the disclosure may be operative at one or more frequencies.
  • communication may occur at 60 GHz (which may be divided into one or more channels or bands, such as a first channel between 57.24 GHz and 59.4 GHz, a second channel between 59.4 GHz and 61.56 GHz, a third channel between 61.56 GHz and 63.72 GHz, and a fourth channel between 63.72 GHz and 65.88 GHz).
  • an antenna may achieve communication in a range of 60GHZ, +/- 5GHz or +/- 6GHz.
  • Embodiments of the disclosure are directed to one or more systems, apparatuses, devices, and methods for making and using a Balun structure for a 60 GHz monopole antenna.
  • a stepwise tapered feed is used to improve matching.
  • a monopole antenna may demonstrate enhanced balancing relative to conventional designs while retaining an omnidirectional radiation pattern.
  • a monopole antenna 402 is shown as being fed by a microstrip line 404.
  • the operation of the antenna 402/microstrip line 404 may take place at one or more frequencies, such as at 60 GHz
  • the monopole 402 may have a bandwidth of approximately 13 GHz and a good match around 60 GHz.
  • the radiation pattern shown in Figure 4C may be "backward", which may be due to currents flowing along the ground 438 and the microstrip 404 not being well-balanced with the monopole current ( Figure 4D ).
  • the total current flowing on the ground 438 and microstrip line 404 may contribute more to the radiation pattern than the monopole 402.
  • a monopole antenna 502 is shown as being fed by a microstrip line 504.
  • the operation of the antenna 502/microstrip line 504 may be similar to the operation of the antenna 402/microstrip line 404.
  • two straight arms 506a and 506b may be formed in the ground 538 located below the antenna 502.
  • the arms 506a and 506b may be used to force the currents flowing on the ground plane 538 to them, thereby reducing the current that may cause backward radiation. This is because the current flowing in these arms would be equal but in opposite directions.
  • the S1 1/reflection coefficient performance for the antenna 502 is shown in Figure 5B .
  • the 3D radiation pattern and current distribution for the antenna 502 are shown in Figures 5C and 5D .
  • the antenna 502 might not have as good a matching as the antenna 402; however, the current may be more balanced.
  • the 3D radiation pattern for the antenna 502 may be more omnidirectional relative to the 3D radiation pattern for the antenna 402.
  • a monopole antenna 602 is shown as being fed by a microstrip line 604.
  • the operation of the antenna 602/microstrip line 604 may be similar to the operation of the antenna 502/microstrip line 504.
  • two curved arms 606a and 606b may be formed in the ground 638 located below the antenna 602.
  • the arms 606a and 606b may be tapered in some embodiments.
  • the use of the curved arms 606a and 606b may facilitate better antenna matching compared to the use of the straight arms 506a and 506b in Figure 5A .
  • the antenna 602 may have a bandwidth of approximately 3.8 GHz and a good omnidirectional radiation pattern.
  • a monopole antenna 702 is shown as being fed by a microstrip line 704.
  • the operation of the antenna 702/microstrip line 704 may be similar to the operation of the antenna 602/microstrip line 604.
  • the antenna 702 may have arms (e.g., straight arms) 706a and 706b formed in the ground 738 underneath it.
  • the microstrip feed 704 is tapered in a stepwise or staircase manner.
  • the antenna 702 may have improved matching relative to the antenna 402 of Figure 4A , the antenna 702 may have a bandwidth of approximately 3 GHz and a good omnidirectional radiation pattern.
  • a monopole antenna 802 is shown as being fed by a microstrip line 804.
  • the operation of the antenna 802/microstrip line 804 may be similar to the operation of the antenna 702/microstrip line 704.
  • the antenna 802 may have arms (e.g., curved, tapered arms) 806a and 806b formed in the ground 838 underneath it.
  • arms e.g., curved, tapered arms
  • the microstrip feed 804 is tapered in a stepwise or staircase manner.
  • the antenna 802 may have a bandwidth of approximately 5.5 GHz and a good omnidirectional radiation pattern.
  • the method 900 may be used to provide a monopole antenna with a Balun structure that eliminates ground currents that might otherwise cause backward radiation.
  • a ground or ground plane may be modified.
  • the modification may include a number (e.g., two) arms.
  • the arms may take one or more shapes (e.g., straight or curved).
  • the arms may be tapered in some embodiments.
  • the arms may force current to flow in equal but opposite directions.
  • a microstrip feed is coupled to the antenna.
  • the microstrip feed is tapered as it couples to the antenna.
  • the microstrip feed couples to the antenna using a step or staircase.
  • the monopole antenna/Balun structure may be incorporated into one or more devices, such as a mobile device.
  • the mobile device may be configured to operate at one or more frequencies, such as at 60 GHz.
  • various functions or acts may take place at a given location and/or in connection with the operation of one or more apparatuses, systems, or devices. For example, in some embodiments, a portion of a given function or act may be performed at a first device or location, and the remainder of the function or act may be performed at one or more additional devices or locations.
  • an apparatus or system may include one or more processors, and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus or system to perform one or more methodological acts, such as those described herein.
  • Various mechanical components known to those of skill in the art may be used in some embodiments.
  • Embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented as one or more apparatuses, systems, and/or methods.
  • instructions may be stored on one or more computer program products or computer-readable media, such as a transitory and/or non-transitory computer-readable medium.
  • the instructions when executed, may cause an entity (e.g., an apparatus or system) to perform one or more methodological acts, such as those described herein.
  • an entity e.g., an apparatus or system
  • the functionality described herein may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Balunstruktur, umfassend:
    eine Monopolantenne (306, 402, 502, 602, 702, 802); und
    einen Mikrostreifen (404, 504, 604, 704, 804), der mit der Monopolantenne (306, 402, 502, 602, 702, 802) gekoppelt ist und eine Masseplatte (438, 538, 638, 738, 838) mit mindestens zwei Armen (506a, 506b, 606a, 606b, 706a, 706b, 806a, 806b) umfasst; dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mikrostreifen (404, 504, 604, 704, 804) unter Verwendung einer stufenweise verjüngten Mikrostreifeneinspeisung (704, 804) mit der Monopolantenne (306, 402, 502, 602, 702, 802) gekoppelt ist.
  2. Balunstruktur nach Anspruch 1, wobei die mindestens zwei Arme (506a, 506b, 606a, 606b, 706a, 706b, 806a, 806b) gerade sind (506a, 506b, 706a, 706b).
  3. Balunstruktur nach Anspruch 1, wobei die mindestens zwei Arme (506a, 506b, 606a, 606b, 706a, 706b, 806a, 806b) gekrümmt sind (606a, 606b, 806a, 806b).
  4. Balunstruktur nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die mindestens zwei Arme (506a, 506b, 606a, 606b, 706a, 706b, 806a, 806b) verjüngt sind (606a, 606b, 806a, 806b), so dass ein schmaler Abschnitt der Verjüngung mit der Masse (438, 538, 638, 738, 838) der Monopolantenne (306, 402, 502, 602, 702, 802) gekoppelt ist.
  5. Balunstruktur nach Anspruch 1, wobei die mindestens zwei Arme (506a, 506b, 606a, 606b, 706a, 706b, 806a, 806b) gerade sind (506a, 506b, 706a, 706b).
  6. Balunstruktur nach Anspruch 5, wobei die mindestens zwei Arme (506a, 506b, 606a, 606b, 706a, 706b, 806a, 806b) gekrümmt sind (606a, 606b, 806a, 806b).
  7. Balunstruktur nach Anspruch 1, wobei die mindestens zwei Arme (506a, 506b, 606a, 606b, 706a, 706b, 806a, 806b) verjüngt sind (606a, 606b, 806a, 806b), so dass ein schmaler Abschnitt der Verjüngung mit der Masse (438, 538, 638, 738, 838) der Monopolantenne (306, 402, 502, 602, 702, 802) gekoppelt ist.
  8. Balunstruktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei die Balunstruktur in einer mobilen Vorrichtung (202) implementiert ist.
  9. Mobile Vorrichtung (202), die eine Balunstruktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1-4 umfasst.
  10. Verfahren (900) zur Verwendung der Balunstruktur nach Anspruch 1, umfassend:
    Bereitstellen (902) einer Masseplatte (438, 538, 638, 738, 838) eines Mikrostreifens (404, 504, 604, 704, 804) mit mindestens zwei Armen (506a, 506b, 606a, 606b, 706a, 706b, 806a, 806b); und
    Koppeln (904) des Mikrostreifens (404, 504, 604, 704, 804) mit einer Monopolantenne (306, 402, 502, 602, 702, 802) unter Verwendung einer stufenweise verjüngten Mikrostreifeneinspeisung (704, 804).
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, wobei die mindestens zwei Arme (506a, 506b, 606a, 606b, 706a, 706b, 806a, 806b) gerade sind (506a, 506b, 706a, 706b).
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, wobei die mindestens zwei Arme (506a, 506b, 606a, 606b, 706a, 706b, 806a, 806b) gekrümmt sind (606a, 606b, 806a, 806b).
  13. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 12, wobei die mindestens zwei Arme (506a, 506b, 606a, 606b, 706a, 706b, 806a, 806b) verjüngt sind (606a, 606b, 806a, 806b), so dass ein schmaler Abschnitt der Verjüngung mit der Masse (438, 538, 638, 738, 838) der Monopolantenne (306, 402, 502, 602, 702, 802) gekoppelt ist.
  14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, das in einer mobilen Vorrichtung (202) implementiert ist, die eine Balunstruktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1-4 umfasst.
  15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, wobei die mobile Vorrichtung (202) dazu ausgelegt ist, bei 60 GHz zu arbeiten.
EP13165522.7A 2013-04-26 2013-04-26 Monopolantenne mit einem verjüngten Balun Active EP2797168B1 (de)

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US11189900B2 (en) 2019-11-21 2021-11-30 Corning Research & Development Corporation Tapered broadband balun

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US11121469B2 (en) 2019-09-26 2021-09-14 Apple Inc. Millimeter wave antennas having continuously stacked radiating elements
US11189900B2 (en) 2019-11-21 2021-11-30 Corning Research & Development Corporation Tapered broadband balun

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