EP2796202B1

EP2796202B1 - Device for comminuting bulk material, and method therefor

Info

Publication number: EP2796202B1
Application number: EP14153052.7A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Mark Van der Galiën
Original assignee: Eggersmann Ingenieurgesellschaft Mbh
Current assignee: Eggersmann Ingenieurgesellschaft Mbh
Priority date: 2013-04-23
Filing date: 2014-01-29
Publication date: 2024-03-06
Anticipated expiration: 2034-01-29
Also published as: EP2796202A1; EP2796202C0

Description

The present invention relates to a comminutor, or a so-called shredder. Such a comminutor is utilized for the purpose of comminuting bulk material, for instance wood. In practice material is reduced in size using comminutors specifically utilized for one type of material. This means that such a comminutor is employed specifically for, for instance, wood. Other types of comminutor are used for other materials. This results in practice in comminutors with limited flexibility of use.
EP 1 442 796 A1 discloses a comminutor comprising a frame, a drum, a screen and a screen support.
JP 2004 202365 A discloses the communitor with an engaging part provided on the screen.
EP 2 045 016 A1 discloses a crusher which for maintenance purposes is accessible via a door that leads to the interior. A similar arrangement is disclosed in US 4,385,732 A having two crusher shafts and two doors for accessing the interior. These crushers disclose the features according to the preamble of claim 1.
Relatively great forces are necessary for comminuting bulk material. Therefore, the counter blades are usually supported on the frame to withstand forces exerted from the rotating drum and the bulk material that is pressed in between the blades of the drum and the counter blades. Depending on the bulk material, counter blades may be worn with time. For maintenance purposes the maintenance personnel would have to access the blades by opening a maintenance door and further disassemble the blades mounted to the frame structure. This is time-consuming as parts of the entire communitor must be disassembled.
The present invention has for its object to provide an improved comminutor with which the above stated drawbacks are obviated or at least reduced.
This object is achieved with the comminutor for comminuting bulk material according to claim 1.
By providing a rotatable drum on which blades are arranged, bulk material carried into the frame of the comminutor is at it were shredded by the co-action of these blades with counter-blades which are preferably disposed fixedly on the frame. By allowing the blades to rotate, material is pressed into the space provided between the blades and the counter-blades. Such blades are also referred to as hammers, blades, combs and so on.
After the comminuting step the comminuted material is carried through a screen. Depending on the screen size, the comminuted material is then discharged or the material is carried along by the drum once again for an additional comminuting operation.
Providing an access door which is provided with a tilting mechanism achieves that relatively easy access can be gained to the interior of the comminutor, and in particular the screen, by opening this door. A door can otherwise be understood to mean any other form of door element, such as a hatch or partition. The door is preferably located on the side of the comminutor and, in the closed position of the door, substantially wholly seals the comminuting space in which the drum is present, while in the opened position access is gained to the diverse components, including particularly the screen as stated above. This has the advantage that a user can exchange the screen for another screen with associated screen size in relatively simple manner. This makes the comminutor according to the invention suitable for application with diverse types of bulk material, including for instance wood, carpet, floor covering, plastic, walls and so on. The bulk material is particularly deferrized here, i.e. iron parts are removed from the introduced bulk material in order to thereby simplify further processing.
According to the invention the counter-blades are provided on the door. The door is according to the invention provided with an adjusting mechanism for adjusting the distance between a blade and a counter-blade.
A precise adjustment of the space between the blades and the counter-blades makes it possible to realize a better comminuting or cutting behavior, which is moreover adjustable on the basis of the bulk material on the one hand and the desired comminution size on the other. This can be carried out in effective manner owing to this precise adjustment, whereby the material to be reduced in size will in addition require fewer rotations in the comminutor for an additional comminuting operation. This has the result, among others, of reducing the amount of diesel required when a separate diesel engine is used as a drive. This achieves that the costs and the emission of gases remain minimal.
The adjusting mechanism comprises a blocking means for fixing the door relative to the frame during use. Fixing the door also fixes the counter-blades connected thereto relative to the drum. This has the effect that possible iron parts present among the bulk material cannot press aside the knives and/or blades and result in problems during further processing of the material.
Using the adjustable screen size in combination with the currently preferred slowly rotating shredder with a rotation speed in the range of 20 to 40 rpm, and particularly about 30 rpm, it has been found that the comminution of the bulk material can be performed in a single comminuting step. This has the result that a separate pre-comminutor is not required. The comminutor according to the invention hereby provides a universal comminutor suitable for comminuting diverse types of bulk material, wherein access is also gained to the interior parts of the comminutor by means of the door, which in a currently preferred embodiment gives a user access from the ground. This hugely increases the convenience of use and provides a flexibly adjustable comminutor.
In the currently preferred embodiment of the invention the tilting mechanism comprises a rotation-element for performing a rotary motion of the door when opening the door, and a translation-element for performing a translational motion of the door when opening the door.
The rotary motion and the translational motion are preferably performed subsequently and more preferably partly overlapping or simultaneously. This achieves a safe and effective motion/movement when opening the door. Preferably, during the translational motion the door is moved away from the rotation shaft around which the rotary motion is performed. An advantage of this specific combination of motions/movements is the improved access to the internal parts of the communitor, for example for maintenance and cleaning. In addition, it provides easy access to the counter-blades, especially in case the blades are attached to the door, as is the case in a presently preferred embodiment. Furthermore, the screen support is taken along during the translational motion enabling effective access to the screen support.
In a currently preferred embodiment the tilting mechanism is embodied such that in the opened position substantially the whole door is situated outside the frame. Because the door in opened position is located substantially wholly outside the frame, the door and/or elements mounted thereon can be hoisted away in relatively simple manner using a crane or gripper. Working conditions are hereby considerably improved in the case of a repair, since such a heavy element, on which counter-blades are preferably also mounted, need not be lifted by hand. This increases convenience of use.
In an advantageous preferred embodiment according to the present invention the tilting mechanism is provided with a carrier for lifting and co-displacing the door on the underside as defined in the closed position of the door.
When a carrier is provided, a door element is not only folded open. By also co-displacing the underside, the door element is carried further outward in the opened position. The access of a user is hereby improved and removal of the door element with a crane, for instance for the purpose of maintenance and repair, is also greatly simplified.
In a currently preferred embodiment the carrier is embodied as a hook-like carrier element which hooks behind a half hinge-like element provided on the underside of the door element, which in the closed position rests on a shaft or pin of the frame. Other embodiments are of course also possible.
The tilting mechanism is preferably further provided with a safety element for holding in the opened position the underside of the door co-displaced by the carrier. The safety element prevents the possibility of the door falling out of the comminutor during opening thereof and resulting in dangerous situations. The outward sliding of the door element during opening thereof is in fact bounded by the safety element.
The frame is preferably also further provided with a screen support part which is at least partially displaceable or slidable outward by the tilting mechanism during opening of the door. Allowing the screen support part, on which the screen used in a currently preferred embodiment supports, to slide outward during opening of the door greatly simplifies access to the screen for a user. It is hereby possible in effective manner to exchange a screen and/or remove from the comminutor undesired parts left on the screen. This results in an effective option for adjusting the comminutor according to the invention to the bulk material for comminuting, wherein additional undesired components, for instance iron parts, can be removed from the comminutor in effective manner without causing further damage.
Providing the counter-blades on the door achieves on the one hand a stable fixing of the counter-blades relative to the rotating blades. Providing the counter-blades on the door achieves on the other hand that the counter-blades are accessible in relatively simple manner by opening the door.
In a currently preferred embodiment the blades are provided in modular form so that these blades can also be replaced in relatively simple manner in the case of damage or for the purpose of applying the comminutor for other bulk materials.
In a further advantageous preferred embodiment according to the present invention the drum is provided with an internal bearing-mounting.
Providing a bearing-mounting in the interior of the drum achieves that a better support of the drum can be realized. This is important in view of the relatively great forces exerted on this drum during comminution of the bulk material. Providing an internal bearing-mounting makes the distance between a left-hand and a right-hand bearing relatively smaller, whereby a possible sagging of the drum will also be smaller. The distance between the blades and the counter-blades is hereby also better maintained, so that an effective comminution can be realized.
The invention also relates to a trailer provided with a comminutor as described above.
Such a trailer provides the same effects and advantages as stated for the comminutor. Using a trailer provided with the above described comminutor a so-called stand-alone installation can be obtained. The trailer is preferably provided here with a separate drive which for instance makes use of a diesel engine and, if desired, a crane or gripper for filling the comminutor with the bulk material for processing. The comminutor according to the invention can hereby be used in effective manner at diverse locations, including remote locations such as in a forest.
The invention is capable of carrying out a disclosed but not claimed method for comminuting bulk material, comprising the steps of: providing a comminutor as described above; carrying material for comminuting into the opening; comminuting the material; and discharging the comminuted material.
Such a method provides the same effects and advantages as stated for the comminutor and/or trailer provided therewith as stated.
It appeared that especially the subsequent and/or totally of partly performing together the rotary motion and the translational motion when opening the door results in a safe and effective method, for example for performing maintenance.
Further advantages, features and details of the invention are elucidated on the basis of the preferred embodiments thereof, wherein reference is made to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1: shows a view of a comminutor according to the invention positioned on a trailer;
Fig. 2: shows a view of the comminutor of figure 1 with an opened door;
Fig. 3 and 4: show further views of a comminutor of fig. 2 ;
Fig. 5-7: show views of the opening of the door;
Fig. 8-10: show views of components of the comminutor of fig. 2 ; and
Fig. 11: shows a view of the drum of the comminutor according to fig. 2 .

A trailer 2 ( fig. 1 ) is provided with a comminutor or shredder 4. Comminutor 4 is driven with a separate drive 6, in the shown embodiment comprising a diesel engine. Wagon or trailer 2 is placed during use on ground surface 12 using wheels 8 and supports 10.
Comminutor 4 ( fig. 2 ) is provided with container or frame 14 which in the shown embodiment can be placed on frame 16 of wagon 2. Provided on the upper side of frame 14 is opening 18 in which a number of inclining feed plates 19 are arranged. Material for comminuting can hereby be fed into the space bounded by frame or container 14 of comminutor 4. Provided in the interior of comminutor 4 is a drum 20 on which a number of blades 22 are arranged. Drum 20 is a rotatable drum. A hatch or door 24 is provided on a side of comminutor 4. In the shown embodiment a number of modular counter-blades 26 are arranged on door 24.
Drum 20 ( fig. 3 and 4 ) rotates during use about central axis 28. Blades 22 rotate during use through recesses between adjacent counter-blades 26 so as to thereby bring about the actual comminution of the material. The type of blade 22 and counter-blade 26 can be adapted to the type of material for comminuting and the desired comminution size. On the underside of drum 20 a curved support part 30 is provided on the side walls of comminutor 4 during use. Also provided is a screen support part 32 on which a screen 34 can be placed. Screen support part 32 rests during use on shaft 36 and pin 38. In closed position door 24 likewise rests on shaft 36. Movement of door 24 is realized using cylinder 40, which is mounted at a first mounting point 42, and using cylinder rod 44 on shaft 46. A first arm 48 is also provided between pivot point 50 and shaft 46. Shaft 46 is connected using a second arm 52 to hinge 54 on door 24. Door 24 is provided on the upper side with a slotted hole 56 wherein a blocking catch 58 fixes the door in closed position. The distance between blades 26 and blades 22 is hereby set and maintained during use.
When door 24 is opened ( fig. 5-7 ) cylinder 40 slides out, whereby cylinder 40 and arm 48 rotate around respective pivot points 42 and 50. In the shown embodiment door 24 will in the first instance rotate about shaft 36 using the half hinge-like element 60. The door moves here from the closed position of fig. 5 to an intermediate position as in fig. 6 . With further inward sliding of cylinder 40 the carrier hook 62 provided on arm 48 co-displaces pin 64 provided on the underside of door 24 during the tilting movement so that door 24 is pulled outward and lies substantially outside the frame of comminutor 4 in the opened position ( fig. 7 ). During this combined tilting and sliding movement of door 24, in the shown embodiment screen support part 32 is pulled outward together with screen 34, wherein screen support part 32 no longer rests on pin or shaft 68 with support part 66, but instead with outer end 70. Further provided on a comminutor 4 is safety hook 72 with which pin or shaft 64 is held in place and cannot therefore simply fall out of comminutor 4 in the opened position.
Screen 74 (fig. 8) is placed on the side of drum 20 facing downward during use. The positioning of blades 22 is adapted to the material for comminuting (fig. 8 and fig. 9). Drum 20 is provided in the shown embodiment with a number of supports 76 on which blades 22 are provided. A flange 78 is provided on the outer ends of drum 20.
Counter-blades 26 are provided in modular manner in recesses 80 arranged in door 24. Counter-blades 26 are hereby easily replaceable.
Drum 20 with flanges 78 is driven from outside using a drive 82. Provided on the inner side of drum 20 is bearing-mounting 84 comprising a flange 86, which is fixedly connected to the inner side of drum 20, and a carrier gear 88. The length of drum 20 between the two support points with flanges 86 is in this way reduced, whereby less outward bending will occur in the case of similar forces.
During use of comminutor 4, material for comminuting is introduced into opening 18, for instance using a crane. Owing to the rotating movement of drum 20, on which blades 22 are arranged, the material for comminuting is shredded between blades 22 and blades 26, which in the shown embodiment are mounted on door 24. On the underside of comminutor 4 the comminuted material is carried over screen 74 with a determined screen size. Screen 74 determines which size of the comminuted material can leave comminutor 4. This material is then discharged. In order to gain access to the interior of comminutor 4, door 24 is opened using cylinder 40. Undesired parts can hereby be removed from screen 74 and/or components, including screen 74 itself, can be replaced in relatively simple manner.
The present invention is by no means limited to the above described preferred embodiments thereof. The rights sought are defined by the following claims, within the scope of which many modifications can be envisaged.

Claims

Comminutor (4) for comminuting bulk material, comprising:
- a frame (14) provided with an opening (18);

- a rotatable drum (20) which is arranged on the frame and on which blades (22) are provided;

- counter-blades (26) which are connected to the frame (14) and which operate with the blades (22) for the purpose of comminuting material carried into the opening (18); a screen (34) positioned on the underside of the drum (20); and

- an access door (24) connected to the frame and provided with a tilting mechanism such that easy access to the interior of the comminutor (4) is obtainable by opening the door, wherein the counter-blades (26) are provided on the door (24),
characterized in that
the door (24) is provided with an adjusting mechanism for adjusting the distance between a blade (22) and a counter-blade (26), wherein the adjusting mechanism further comprises a blocking means for fixing the door (24) relative to the frame (14) during use, wherein the door (24) being provided on its upper side with a slotted hole (56) in which a blocking catch (58) fixes the door (24) in a closed position.
Comminutor (4) as claimed in claim 1 ,
wherein the tilting mechanism comprises:
- a rotation-element (60) for performing a rotary motion of the door (24) when opening the door (24); and

- a translation-element (62) for performing a translational motion of the door (24) when opening the door (24).
Comminutor (4) as claimed in one or more of the preceding claims,
wherein the tilting mechanism is embodied such that in the opened position substantially the whole door (24) is situated outside the frame.
Comminutor (4) as claimed in claims 2 or 3 when dependent from claim 2
wherein the translation-element (62) of the tilting mechanism is provided with a carrier for lifting and co-displacing the door (24) on the underside as defined in the closed position of the door (24).
Comminutor (4) as claimed in claim 4,
wherein the tilting mechanism is further provided with a safety element for holding in the opened position the underside of the door co -displaced by the carrier.
Comminutor (4) as claimed in one or more of the foregoing claims,
wherein the frame is further provided with a screen support part (34) which is provided in at least partially outward slidable manner by the tilting mechanism during opening of the door (24).
Comminutor (4) as claimed in one or more of the foregoing claims,
wherein the drum (20) is provided with an internal bearing-mounting.
Trailer (2) provided with a comminutor (4) as claimed in one or more of the foregoing claims.