EP2795636A1 - Apparatus for driving electrically operable valves in various modes of operation - Google Patents

Apparatus for driving electrically operable valves in various modes of operation

Info

Publication number
EP2795636A1
EP2795636A1 EP12805973.0A EP12805973A EP2795636A1 EP 2795636 A1 EP2795636 A1 EP 2795636A1 EP 12805973 A EP12805973 A EP 12805973A EP 2795636 A1 EP2795636 A1 EP 2795636A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
freewheeling
switch
valve
valve coil
valves
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12805973.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jose-Luis Parga-Cacheiro
Dirk Bodenschatz
Katharina Grimme
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2795636A1 publication Critical patent/EP2795636A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • H01F7/1805—Circuit arrangements for holding the operation of electromagnets or for holding the armature in attracted position with reduced energising current
    • H01F7/1811—Circuit arrangements for holding the operation of electromagnets or for holding the armature in attracted position with reduced energising current demagnetising upon switching off, removing residual magnetism
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T15/00—Construction arrangement, or operation of valves incorporated in power brake systems and not covered by groups B60T11/00 or B60T13/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/36—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition including a pilot valve responding to an electromagnetic force
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/44—Magnetic coils or windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • H01F2007/1888—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings using pulse width modulation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for controlling electrically actuated valves according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and a brake system with a plurality of electrically actuated valves.
  • valves referred to herein include a valve coil for generating a magnetic field by means of which the valve is opened or closed.
  • Such valves are installed, for example, in modern vehicle brake systems as intake, exhaust or changeover valves. These valves are required to z. B. a vehicle dynamics control or other
  • ABS Drive Blocking System
  • HHC Haill Hold Control
  • Disconnect wheel brakes in a storage chamber Disconnect wheel brakes in a storage chamber.
  • the purpose of the intake valves is to direct the brake pressure exerted by the master cylinder to the individual wheel brakes.
  • valves contained in the brake circuit are usually controlled by means of an associated control electronics. This is usually designed either for a switching operation or for a PWM operation. The valves can therefore be controlled either only in switching mode or only in PWM mode.
  • the valve In switching operation, the valve is usually driven with maximum intensity for a predetermined period of time and then fully closed again.
  • the valve spool z. B. via a low-side main switch (low-side switch) connected to ground.
  • a low-side main switch low-side switch
  • no freewheel In order to ensure the fastest possible fading of the current after switching off the current, no freewheel is used. This creates the valve coil
  • a so-called clamping diode is usually provided, which is connected to a control terminal of the low-side switch and controls it so that the current flowing in the valve coil can rapidly dissipate.
  • the switching operation described above has the particular advantage that the time duration in which the valve is open, can be set very accurately and the shutdown is relatively short. This results in a very high pressure adjustment accuracy.
  • a disadvantage of the switching operation lies in the fact that the valve in this mode of operation generates relatively strong noises, which are perceptible in particular to the driver.
  • PWM Pulse Width Modulation
  • the main switch located in the current path of the valve spool is switched on and off with a specific duty cycle.
  • the current in the valve coil increases, in the OFF phase, the current is reduced via a freewheel.
  • this includes a freewheeling path with a freewheeling diode, which is connected in parallel to the valve coil.
  • the PWM control has the advantage that the valve can be controlled more gently than in switching operation. This operating mode therefore causes significantly less noise.
  • the control is not as accurate as in switching operation and has significantly higher tolerances with respect to the switch-on or switch-off time. Therefore, the pressure adjustment accuracy is not as good as in switching operation.
  • a control electronics for driving an electrically actuated valve which has a circuit arranged in the circuit of the valve spool main switch for adjusting the current flowing through the valve spool and a parallel to the valve spool freewheeling path with a freewheeling diode.
  • the control electronics according to the invention also includes a free-wheeling switch, by means of which the freewheeling path can be interrupted or closed. When the freewheel switch is open, the valve can be operated in the switching mode; the freewheeling path is in this case
  • the control electronics according to the invention thus makes it possible to operate a valve either in switching mode or in PWM mode.
  • the freewheeling switch is preferably arranged in the freewheeling path of the valve spool.
  • the shift operation may be selected, for example, in situations where a particularly accurate pressure adjustment precision of the brake pressure acting on the wheel brakes is important, such as e.g. in a vehicle dynamics control.
  • the PWM operation can be selected.
  • Such driving situations can e.g. Be conditions in which a hybrid vehicle is braked as a generator and the pressure prevailing in the hydraulic brake system brake pressure is to be reduced with the least possible noise.
  • the main switch and / or free-wheeling switch is / are preferably as
  • Transistor switch such as as MOS transistors, realized.
  • the control electronics according to the invention preferably comprises a
  • Voltage limiting device that of the valve coil in switching operation limited voltage induced.
  • the voltage limiting device is preferably connected to a ground-side terminal of the valve coil.
  • the voltage limiting device may comprise, for example, a zener diode or another suitable component.
  • the voltage limiting device is arranged between a ground-side connection of the valve coil and a control connection of the main switch.
  • the main switch may be, for example, a ground side arranged transistor (low-side switch).
  • the main switch and / or the free-wheeling switch are preferably provided with a control unit, e.g. a control unit, connected and are controlled by this according to the operating mode "switching operation" or "PWM operation".
  • a control unit e.g. a control unit
  • the main switch is preferably with a certain
  • Duty cycle switched on and off wherein the freewheeling switch is turned on, so that the current flowing through the valve coil in the off state of the main switch can degrade through the freewheeling path.
  • the free-wheeling switch In switching mode, the free-wheeling switch is turned off, and thus the freewheeling path is interrupted.
  • the main switch can be in switching mode z. B. fully turned on and off again after a predetermined period of time.
  • the voltage induced by the valve coil then preferably builds up via a voltage limiting device, such. B. a transistor, via a zener diode
  • control electronics is designed for several valves, a single, common freewheeling switch can be provided for several valve coils.
  • a separate freewheeling switch can be provided for each valve spool.
  • the drive circuit according to the invention for electrically actuated valves can be used in a motor vehicle brake system to control, for example, the exhaust valves in the execution of various braking functions either in the switching mode or in PWM mode.
  • Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a drive circuit for driving a plurality of electrically actuated valves.
  • Figure 1 shows a drive circuit for two electrically actuated valves, each having a valve coil 1 a, 1 b.
  • the valves can be controlled either in switching mode or in PWM mode.
  • a main switch 5a and 5b is connected, with which the current flowing through the valve coils 1 a and 1 b current is adjusted.
  • the main switches 5a, 5b are here mass side with respect to the valve coils 1 a, 1 b arranged and are therefore also referred to as a low-side switch. They are realized in this embodiment as MOS transistors.
  • the drain terminal (D) is in each case connected to the ground-side terminal of the valve coil 1 a and 1 b and the source terminal (S) to ground (GND).
  • the control inputs (G) of the main switch 5a, 5b are each connected to a control unit 7 and are controlled by this depending on the operating mode "switching operation" or "PWM operation".
  • Reverse direction is applied.
  • the valve coils 1 a, 1 b induce at the node Qx a voltage which increases until the diode voltage is exceeded.
  • a freewheeling current flows through the freewheeling path 3a or 3b, whereby the current dissipates.
  • a free-wheeling switch 2 is provided, which is closed in the PWM mode, so that the current can flow.
  • the freewheeling switch 2 is realized here as a MOS transistor whose control terminal (G) with the
  • Control unit 7 is connected.
  • the freewheeling switch 2 In switching mode, the freewheeling switch 2 is turned off, and thus the freewheeling path 3a and 3b interrupted.
  • the associated main switch 5a or 5b In order to actuate a valve, the associated main switch 5a or 5b is activated and switched off again after a predetermined period of time. In the off state, the valve coil 1 a or 1 b attempts to continue to drive the current flowing through the valve coil and thereby generates an induction voltage at the node Qx.
  • a voltage limiting element 4a or 4b is provided here, which is accessible from a predetermined voltage threshold in FIG.
  • This voltage threshold is substantially greater than the voltage applied to Qx in free-running operation.
  • Voltage limiting element 4a, 4b e.g. a Zener diode starts to conduct, closes the main switch 5a and 5b, whereby the current flowing through the valve coil 1 a and 1 b current through the main switch 5a and 5b to ground (GND) can flow.
  • the main switches 5a and 5b remain turned on until the current flowing through the valve coil 1 a, 1 b has decayed so far that the induction voltage at the node Qx is no longer sufficient to bridge the zener diode 4a, 4b.
  • the main switches 5a and 5b then turn off again.
  • Switching valves should be controlled simultaneously either in switching mode or in PWM mode. Alternatively, several freewheeling switches could be used. In this case, each valve could be controlled independently of the other valves. For example, only the switching valves of a first brake circuit or a first brake are controlled in the PWM mode, whereas the switching valves of a second brake circuit or a second brake are controlled in the switching mode.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Regulating Braking Force (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an apparatus for driving an electrically operable valve which has a valve coil (1a, 1b), comprising: a main switch (5a, 5b), which is arranged in the electrical circuit of the valve coil (1a, 1b), for setting the current flowing through the valve coil (1a, 1b), and a freewheeling path (6a, 6b) which is connected parallel to the valve coil (1a, 1b) and has a freewheeling diode (3a, 3b). The invention provides a freewheeling switch (2a, 2b) by means of which the freewheeling path (6a, 6b) can be interrupted or closed. As a result, it is possible to operate the valve selectively in a PWM mode or in a switching mode.

Description

Vorrichtung zum Ansteuern elektrisch betätiqbarer Ventile in verschiedenen  Device for controlling electrically actuatable valves in various
Betriebsarten  modes
Stand der Technik State of the art
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Ansteuern elektrisch betätigbarer Ventile gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 sowie eine Bremsanlage mit mehreren elektrisch betätigbaren Ventilen. The invention relates to a device for controlling electrically actuated valves according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and a brake system with a plurality of electrically actuated valves.
Elektrisch betätigbare Ventile, auf die hier Bezug genommen wird, umfassen eine Ventilspule zum Erzeugen eines magnetischen Feldes, mittels dessen das Ventil geöffnet oder geschlossen wird. Derartige Ventile sind beispielsweise in modernen Kfz-Bremsanlagen als Einlass-, Auslass- oder Umschaltventile verbaut. Diese Ventile werden benötigt, um z. B. eine Fahrdynamikregelung oder andere Electrically operable valves referred to herein include a valve coil for generating a magnetic field by means of which the valve is opened or closed. Such valves are installed, for example, in modern vehicle brake systems as intake, exhaust or changeover valves. These valves are required to z. B. a vehicle dynamics control or other
Funktionen, wie z.B. ABS (Antriebs-Blockier-System) oder HHC (Hill-Hold-Control) ausführen zu können. Dabei ist es erforderlich, den an den Radbremsen herrschenden Bremsdruck automatisch auf- oder abzubauen. Die Auslassventile haben dabei die Aufgabe, den hydraulischen Druck aus den einzelnen Functions, such as ABS (Drive Blocking System) or HHC (Hill Hold Control). It is necessary to automatically raise or lower the pressure prevailing at the wheel brakes brake pressure. The exhaust valves have the task, the hydraulic pressure from the individual
Radbremsen in eine Speicherkammer abzuleiten. Die Einlassventile haben die Aufgabe, den vom Hauptbremszylinder ausgeübten Bremsdruck zu den einzelnen Radbremsen zu leiten. Disconnect wheel brakes in a storage chamber. The purpose of the intake valves is to direct the brake pressure exerted by the master cylinder to the individual wheel brakes.
Die im Bremskreis enthaltenen Ventile werden üblicherweise mittels einer zugehörigen Steuerelektronik angesteuert. Diese ist üblicherweise entweder für einen Schaltbetrieb oder für einen PWM-Betrieb ausgelegt. Die Ventile können also entweder nur im Schaltbetrieb oder nur im PWM-Betrieb angesteuert werden. The valves contained in the brake circuit are usually controlled by means of an associated control electronics. This is usually designed either for a switching operation or for a PWM operation. The valves can therefore be controlled either only in switching mode or only in PWM mode.
Im Schaltbetrieb wird das Ventil für eine vorgegebene Zeitdauer in der Regel mit maximaler Intensität angesteuert und danach wieder vollständig geschlossen. Während der Ansteuerung des Ventils wird die Ventilspule z. B. über einen masseseitigen Hauptschalter (Low-Side-Schalter) gegen Masse geschaltet. Um nach dem Ausschalten des Stroms ein möglichst schnelles Abklingen des Stroms zu gewährleisten, wird kein Freilauf verwendet. Dadurch erzeugt die Ventilspule allerdings eine relativ hohe induzierte Spannung, die die Funktion der Elektronik beeinträchtigen kann. Um die induzierte Spannung zu begrenzen, ist in der Regel eine sogenannte Clamping-Diode vorgesehen, die mit einem Steueranschluss des Low-Side-Schalters verbunden ist und diesen so ansteuert, dass sich der in der Ventilspule fließende Strom schnell abbauen kann. In switching operation, the valve is usually driven with maximum intensity for a predetermined period of time and then fully closed again. During the activation of the valve, the valve spool z. B. via a low-side main switch (low-side switch) connected to ground. In order to ensure the fastest possible fading of the current after switching off the current, no freewheel is used. This creates the valve coil However, a relatively high induced voltage that can affect the function of the electronics. In order to limit the induced voltage, a so-called clamping diode is usually provided, which is connected to a control terminal of the low-side switch and controls it so that the current flowing in the valve coil can rapidly dissipate.
Der vorstehend beschriebene Schaltbetrieb hat vor allem den Vorteil, dass die Zeitdauer, in der das Ventil geöffnet ist, sehr genau eingestellt werden kann und die Abschaltdauer relativ kurz ist. Dadurch ergibt sich eine sehr hohe Druck- Stellgenauigkeit. Ein Nachteil des Schaltbetriebes liegt jedoch darin, dass das Ventil in dieser Betriebsart relativ starke und insbesondere für den Fahrer wahrnehmbare Geräusche erzeugt. The switching operation described above has the particular advantage that the time duration in which the valve is open, can be set very accurately and the shutdown is relatively short. This results in a very high pressure adjustment accuracy. A disadvantage of the switching operation, however, lies in the fact that the valve in this mode of operation generates relatively strong noises, which are perceptible in particular to the driver.
Im PWM-Betrieb wird der durch die Ventilspule fließende Strom mittels eines PWM-Signals (PWM: Puls-Weiten-Modulation) eingestellt. Dabei wird der im Strompfad der Ventilspule befindliche Hauptschalter mit einem bestimmten Tastverhältnis ein- und ausgeschaltet. In der Ein-Phase steigt der Strom in der Ventilspule an, in der Aus-Phase wird der Strom über einen Freilauf abgebaut. Aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Ventile, die im PWM-Betrieb angesteuert werden, umfassen hierzu einen Freilaufpfad mit einer Freilaufdiode, der parallel zur Ventilspule geschaltet ist. Die PWM-Ansteuerung hat den Vorteil, dass das Ventil sanfter angesteuert werden kann als im Schaltbetrieb. Diese Betriebsart verursacht daher deutlich weniger Geräusche. Allerdings ist die Ansteuerung nicht so exakt wie im Schaltbetrieb und weist deutlich höhere Toleranzen bzgl. der Einschalt- bzw. Ausschaltzeitdauer auf. Daher ist auch die Druck-Stellgenauigkeit nicht so gut wie im Schaltbetrieb. In PWM operation, the current flowing through the valve coil is adjusted by means of a PWM signal (PWM: Pulse Width Modulation). The main switch located in the current path of the valve spool is switched on and off with a specific duty cycle. In the ON phase, the current in the valve coil increases, in the OFF phase, the current is reduced via a freewheel. Known from the prior art valves that are driven in PWM operation, this includes a freewheeling path with a freewheeling diode, which is connected in parallel to the valve coil. The PWM control has the advantage that the valve can be controlled more gently than in switching operation. This operating mode therefore causes significantly less noise. However, the control is not as accurate as in switching operation and has significantly higher tolerances with respect to the switch-on or switch-off time. Therefore, the pressure adjustment accuracy is not as good as in switching operation.
Offenbarung der Erfindung Disclosure of the invention
Es ist nun die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Steuerelektronik für ein elektrisch betätigbares Ventil zu schaffen, mit der das Ventil wahlweise im It is now the object of the present invention to provide a control electronics for an electrically actuated valve with which the valve either in
Schaltbetrieb oder im PWM-Betrieb ansteuerbar ist. Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe gemäß der Erfindung durch die in den unabhängigen Ansprüchen angegebenen Merkmale. Weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen. Switching operation or in PWM mode can be controlled. This object is achieved according to the invention by the features specified in the independent claims. Further embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.
Gemäß der Erfindung wird eine Steuerelektronik zum Ansteuern eines elektrisch betätigbaren Ventils vorgeschlagen, die einen im Stromkreis der Ventilspule angeordneten Hauptschalter zum Einstellen des durch die Ventilspule fließenden Stroms und einen parallel zur Ventilspule geschalteten Freilaufpfad mit einer Freilaufdiode aufweist. Die erfindungsgemäße Steuerelektronik umfasst darüber hinaus einen Freilaufschalter, mittels dessen der Freilaufpfad unterbrochen oder geschlossen werden kann. Wenn der Freilaufschalter geöffnet ist, kann das Ventil im Schaltbetrieb betrieben werden; der Freilaufpfad ist in diesem Fall According to the invention, a control electronics for driving an electrically actuated valve is proposed which has a circuit arranged in the circuit of the valve spool main switch for adjusting the current flowing through the valve spool and a parallel to the valve spool freewheeling path with a freewheeling diode. The control electronics according to the invention also includes a free-wheeling switch, by means of which the freewheeling path can be interrupted or closed. When the freewheel switch is open, the valve can be operated in the switching mode; the freewheeling path is in this case
unterbrochen. Ist der Freilaufschalter dagegen geschlossen, kann das Ventil im PWM-Betrieb betrieben werden; der Freilaufpfad ist in diesem Fall geschlossen. Die erfindungsgemäße Steuerelektronik ermöglicht es somit, ein Ventil wahlweise im Schaltbetrieb oder im PWM-Betrieb zu betreiben. Der Freilaufschalter ist vorzugsweise im Freilaufpfad der Ventilspule angeordnet. interrupted. If the freewheel switch is closed, the valve can be operated in PWM mode; the freewheeling path is closed in this case. The control electronics according to the invention thus makes it possible to operate a valve either in switching mode or in PWM mode. The freewheeling switch is preferably arranged in the freewheeling path of the valve spool.
Der Schaltbetrieb kann beispielsweise in Situationen gewählt werden, in denen es auf eine besonders genaue Druck-Stellgenauigkeit des an den Radbremsen wirkenden Bremsdrucks ankommt, wie z.B. bei einer Fahrdynamikregelung. In anderen Situationen, in denen die Druck-Stellgenauigkeit weniger wichtig ist und eine möglichst geringe Geräuschentwicklung im Vordergrund steht, kann dagegen der PWM-Betrieb gewählt werden. Solche Fahrsituationen können z.B. Zustände sein, in denen ein Hybridfahrzeug generatorisch gebremst wird und der im hydraulischen Bremssystem herrschende Bremsdruck mit möglichst geringer Geräuschentwicklung abgebaut werden soll. The shift operation may be selected, for example, in situations where a particularly accurate pressure adjustment precision of the brake pressure acting on the wheel brakes is important, such as e.g. in a vehicle dynamics control. In other situations, where the pressure adjustment accuracy is less important and the lowest possible noise development in the foreground, on the other hand, the PWM operation can be selected. Such driving situations can e.g. Be conditions in which a hybrid vehicle is braked as a generator and the pressure prevailing in the hydraulic brake system brake pressure is to be reduced with the least possible noise.
Der Hauptschalter- und/oder Freilaufschalter ist/sind vorzugsweise als The main switch and / or free-wheeling switch is / are preferably as
Transistorschalter, wie z.B. als MOS-Transistoren, realisiert. Transistor switch, such as as MOS transistors, realized.
Die erfindungsgemäße Steuerelektronik umfasst vorzugsweise eine The control electronics according to the invention preferably comprises a
Spannungsbegrenzungseinrichtung, die die von der Ventilspule im Schaltbetrieb induzierte Spannung begrenzt. Die Spannungsbegrenzungseinrichtung ist vorzugsweise mit einem masseseitigen Anschluss der Ventilspule verbunden. Voltage limiting device, that of the valve coil in switching operation limited voltage induced. The voltage limiting device is preferably connected to a ground-side terminal of the valve coil.
Die Spannungsbegrenzungseinrichtung kann beispielsweise eine Zenerdiode oder ein anderes geeignetes Bauelement umfassen. The voltage limiting device may comprise, for example, a zener diode or another suitable component.
Gemäß einer speziellen Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Spannungsbegren- zungseinrichtung zwischen einem masseseitigen Anschluss der Ventilspule und einem Steueranschluss des Hauptschalters angeordnet. Der Hauptschalter kann beispielsweise ein masseseitig angeordneter Transistor sein (Low-Side-Schalter). According to a special embodiment of the invention, the voltage limiting device is arranged between a ground-side connection of the valve coil and a control connection of the main switch. The main switch may be, for example, a ground side arranged transistor (low-side switch).
Der Hauptschalter und/oder der Freilaufschalter sind vorzugsweise mit einer Steuereinheit, wie z.B. einem Steuergerät, verbunden und werden von diesem entsprechend der Betriebsart„Schaltbetrieb" oder„PWM-Betrieb" angesteuert. Im PWM-Betrieb wird der Hauptschalter vorzugsweise mit einem bestimmten The main switch and / or the free-wheeling switch are preferably provided with a control unit, e.g. a control unit, connected and are controlled by this according to the operating mode "switching operation" or "PWM operation". In PWM operation, the main switch is preferably with a certain
Tastverhältnis ein- und ausgeschaltet, wobei der Freilaufschalter eingeschaltet ist, so dass sich der durch die Ventilspule fließende Strom im Aus-Zustand des Hauptschalters über den Freilaufpfad abbauen kann. Im Schaltbetrieb ist der Freilaufschalter dagegen ausgeschaltet und somit der Freilaufpfad unterbrochen. Der Hauptschalter kann im Schaltbetrieb z. B. voll eingeschaltet und nach einer vorgegebenen Zeitdauer wieder ausgeschaltet werden. Die von der Ventilspule induzierte Spannung baut sich dann vorzugsweise über eine Spannungsbegren- zungseinrichtung, wie z. B. einen Transistor, der über eine Zenerdiode Duty cycle switched on and off, wherein the freewheeling switch is turned on, so that the current flowing through the valve coil in the off state of the main switch can degrade through the freewheeling path. In switching mode, the free-wheeling switch is turned off, and thus the freewheeling path is interrupted. The main switch can be in switching mode z. B. fully turned on and off again after a predetermined period of time. The voltage induced by the valve coil then preferably builds up via a voltage limiting device, such. B. a transistor, via a zener diode
angesteuert wird, wieder ab. is driven off again.
Wenn die Ansteuerelektronik für mehrere Ventile ausgelegt ist, kann für mehrere Ventilspulen ein einziger, gemeinsamer Freilaufschalter vorgesehen werden. If the control electronics is designed for several valves, a single, common freewheeling switch can be provided for several valve coils.
Wahlweise kann natürlich auch für jede Ventilspule ein eigener Freilaufschalter vorgesehen sein. Optionally, of course, a separate freewheeling switch can be provided for each valve spool.
Die erfindungsgemäße Ansteuerschaltung für elektrisch betätigbare Ventile kann in einer Kfz-Bremsanlage eingesetzt werden, um beispielsweise die Auslassventile bei der Ausführung verschiedener Bremsfunktionen entweder im Schaltbetrieb oder im PWM-Betrieb anzusteuern. Kurze Beschreibung der Zeichnungen The drive circuit according to the invention for electrically actuated valves can be used in a motor vehicle brake system to control, for example, the exhaust valves in the execution of various braking functions either in the switching mode or in PWM mode. Brief description of the drawings
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen beispielhaft näher erläutert. Es zeigen: The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1 eine Ausführungsform einer Ansteuerschaltung zum Ansteuern mehrerer elektrisch betätigbarer Ventile. Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a drive circuit for driving a plurality of electrically actuated valves.
Figur 1 zeigt eine Ansteuerschaltung für zwei elektrisch betätigbare Ventile, die jeweils eine Ventilspule 1 a, 1 b aufweisen. Mittels der Ansteuerschaltung können die Ventile wahlweise im Schaltbetrieb oder im PWM-Betrieb angesteuert werden. Figure 1 shows a drive circuit for two electrically actuated valves, each having a valve coil 1 a, 1 b. By means of the drive circuit, the valves can be controlled either in switching mode or in PWM mode.
Im Hauptstrompfad 8a bzw. 8b der Ventile ist jeweils ein Hauptschalter 5a bzw. 5b angeschlossen, mit dem der durch die Ventilspulen 1 a bzw. 1 b fließende Strom eingestellt wird. Die Hauptschalter 5a, 5b sind hier masseseitig bezüglich der Ventilspulen 1 a, 1 b angeordnet und werden daher auch als Low-Side-Schalter bezeichnet. Sie sind in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel als MOS-Transistoren realisiert. Der Drain-Anschluss (D) ist jeweils mit dem masseseitigen Anschluss der Ventilspule 1 a bzw. 1 b und der Source-Anschluss (S) mit Masse (GND) verbunden. Die Steuereingänge (G) der Hauptschalter 5a, 5b sind jeweils mit einem Steuergerät 7 verbunden und werden von diesem in Abhängigkeit von der Betriebsart„Schaltbetrieb" oder„PWM-Betrieb" angesteuert. In the main current path 8a and 8b of the valves, respectively, a main switch 5a and 5b is connected, with which the current flowing through the valve coils 1 a and 1 b current is adjusted. The main switches 5a, 5b are here mass side with respect to the valve coils 1 a, 1 b arranged and are therefore also referred to as a low-side switch. They are realized in this embodiment as MOS transistors. The drain terminal (D) is in each case connected to the ground-side terminal of the valve coil 1 a and 1 b and the source terminal (S) to ground (GND). The control inputs (G) of the main switch 5a, 5b are each connected to a control unit 7 and are controlled by this depending on the operating mode "switching operation" or "PWM operation".
Im PWM-Betrieb werden die Hauptschalter 5a, 5b mit einem bestimmten In PWM operation, the main switches 5 a, 5 b with a certain
Tastverhältnis ein- und ausgeschaltet. Sind die Hauptschalter 5a, 5b Duty cycle switched on and off. Are the main switches 5a, 5b
eingeschaltet, so steigt der Strom durch die Ventilspulen 1 a, 1 b an. Durch eine parallel zur Ventilspule 1 a bzw. 1 b geschaltete Freilaufdiode 3a bzw. 3b fließt dabei kein Strom, da an der Freilaufdiode 3a bzw. 3b eine Spannung in switched on, the current through the valve coils 1 a, 1 b increases. By a parallel to the valve coil 1 a and 1 b connected freewheeling diode 3a and 3b, no current flows, since at the freewheeling diode 3a and 3b, a voltage in
Sperrrichtung anliegt. Wenn die Hauptschalter 5a, 5b ausgeschaltet werden, induzieren die Ventilspulen 1 a, 1 b am Knoten Qx eine Spannung, die so lange ansteigt, bis die Diodenspannung überschritten ist. Dann fließt ein Freilaufstrom über den Freilaufpfad 3a bzw. 3b, wodurch sich der Strom abbaut. Im Freilaufpfad 3a bzw. 3b ist ein Freilaufschalter 2 vorgesehen, der im PWM- Betrieb geschlossen ist, so dass der Strom fließen kann. Der Freilaufschalter 2 ist hier als MOS-Transistor realisiert, dessen Steueranschluss (G) mit dem Reverse direction is applied. When the main switches 5a, 5b are turned off, the valve coils 1 a, 1 b induce at the node Qx a voltage which increases until the diode voltage is exceeded. Then, a freewheeling current flows through the freewheeling path 3a or 3b, whereby the current dissipates. In the freewheeling path 3a and 3b, a free-wheeling switch 2 is provided, which is closed in the PWM mode, so that the current can flow. The freewheeling switch 2 is realized here as a MOS transistor whose control terminal (G) with the
Steuergerät 7 verbunden ist. Control unit 7 is connected.
Im Schaltbetrieb ist der Freilaufschalter 2 dagegen ausgeschaltet und somit der Freilaufpfad 3a bzw. 3b unterbrochen. Um ein Ventil zu betätigen, wird der zugehörige Hauptschalter 5a bzw. 5b angesteuert und nach einer vorgegebenen Zeitdauer wieder ausgeschaltet. Die Ventilspule 1 a bzw. 1 b versucht im Aus- Zustand, den durch die Ventilspule hindurch fließenden Strom weiter zu treiben und erzeugt dabei am Knoten Qx eine Induktionsspannung. Um übermäßig große Spannungsspitzen zu vermeiden, ist hier ein Spannungsbegrenzungselement 4a bzw. 4b vorgesehen, das ab einer vorgegebenen Spannungsschwelle in In switching mode, the freewheeling switch 2 is turned off, and thus the freewheeling path 3a and 3b interrupted. In order to actuate a valve, the associated main switch 5a or 5b is activated and switched off again after a predetermined period of time. In the off state, the valve coil 1 a or 1 b attempts to continue to drive the current flowing through the valve coil and thereby generates an induction voltage at the node Qx. In order to avoid excessively large voltage peaks, a voltage limiting element 4a or 4b is provided here, which is accessible from a predetermined voltage threshold in FIG
Sperrrichtung leitend wird. Diese Spannungsschwelle ist dabei wesentlich größer als die im Freilaufbetrieb an Qx anliegende Spannung. Sobald das Locking direction becomes conductive. This voltage threshold is substantially greater than the voltage applied to Qx in free-running operation. As soon as that
Spannungsbegrenzungselement 4a, 4b, wie z.B. eine Zenerdiode, zu leiten beginnt, schließt der Hauptschalter 5a bzw. 5b, wodurch der durch die Ventilspule 1 a bzw. 1 b fließende Strom über den Hauptschalter 5a bzw. 5b gegen Masse (GND) fließen kann. Die Hauptschalter 5a bzw. 5b bleiben so lange eingeschaltet, bis der durch die Ventilspule 1 a, 1 b fließende Strom so weit abgeklungen ist, dass die Induktionsspannung am Knoten Qx nicht mehr ausreicht, um die Zenerdiode 4a, 4b zu überbrücken. Die Hauptschalter 5a bzw. 5b schalten dann wieder aus. Voltage limiting element 4a, 4b, e.g. a Zener diode starts to conduct, closes the main switch 5a and 5b, whereby the current flowing through the valve coil 1 a and 1 b current through the main switch 5a and 5b to ground (GND) can flow. The main switches 5a and 5b remain turned on until the current flowing through the valve coil 1 a, 1 b has decayed so far that the induction voltage at the node Qx is no longer sufficient to bridge the zener diode 4a, 4b. The main switches 5a and 5b then turn off again.
In Figur 1 sind alle Freilaufpfade 3a, 3b zusammengeschaltet und werden über einen gemeinsamen Freilaufschalter 2 aktiviert bzw. deaktiviert. Diese In Figure 1, all freewheeling paths 3a, 3b are interconnected and are activated or deactivated via a common freewheeling switch 2. These
Ausführungsform kann jedoch nur dann verwendet werden, wenn alle However, this embodiment can only be used if all
Schaltventile gleichzeitig entweder im Schaltbetrieb oder im PWM-Betrieb angesteuert werden sollen. Alternativ dazu könnten auch mehrere Freilaufschalter verwendet werden. In diesem Fall könnte jedes Ventil unabhängig von den anderen Ventilen angesteuert werden. So könnten z.B. nur die Schaltventile eines ersten Bremskreises oder einer ersten Bremse im PWM-Betrieb angesteuert werden, wogegen die Schaltventile eines zweiten Bremskreises oder einer zweiten Bremse im Schaltbetrieb angesteuert werden. Switching valves should be controlled simultaneously either in switching mode or in PWM mode. Alternatively, several freewheeling switches could be used. In this case, each valve could be controlled independently of the other valves. For example, only the switching valves of a first brake circuit or a first brake are controlled in the PWM mode, whereas the switching valves of a second brake circuit or a second brake are controlled in the switching mode.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1 . Vorrichtung zum Ansteuern eines elektrisch betätigbaren Ventils, das eine Ventilspule (1 a, 1 b) aufweist, umfassend: einen im Stromkreis der 1 . Apparatus for driving an electrically operable valve having a valve coil (1 a, 1 b), comprising: one in the circuit of
Ventilspule (1 a, 1 b) angeordneten Hauptschalter (5a, 5b) zum Einstellen des durch die Ventilspule (1 a, 1 b) fließenden Stroms, und einen parallel zur Ventilspule (1 a, 1 b) geschalteten Freilaufpfad (6a, 6b) mit einer Freilaufdiode (3a, 3b), gekennzeichnet durch einen Freilaufschalter (2) mittels dessen der Freilaufpfad (6a, 6b) unterbrochen oder geschlossen werden kann.  Valve coil (1 a, 1 b) arranged main switch (5a, 5b) for adjusting the current flowing through the valve coil (1 a, 1 b), and a parallel to the valve coil (1 a, 1 b) connected freewheeling path (6a, 6b) with a freewheeling diode (3a, 3b), characterized by a freewheeling switch (2) by means of which the freewheeling path (6a, 6b) can be interrupted or closed.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the
Freilaufschalter (2a, 2b) im Freilaufpfad (6a, 6b) angeordnet ist.  Free-running switch (2a, 2b) in the freewheeling path (6a, 6b) is arranged.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine mit dem masseseitigen Anschluss der Ventilspule (1 a, 1 b) verbundene 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that one with the ground side terminal of the valve coil (1 a, 1 b) connected
Spannungsbegrenzungseinrichtung (4a, 4b) vorgesehen ist.  Voltage limiting device (4a, 4b) is provided.
4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die 4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the
Spannungsbegrenzungseinrichtung (4a, 4b) eine Zenerdiode umfasst.  Voltage limiting device (4a, 4b) comprises a Zener diode.
5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein 5. Apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that a
Spannungsbegrenzungselement (4a, 4b) zwischen einem masseseitigem Anschluss der Ventilspule (1 a, 1 b) und einem Steueranschluss (G) des Hauptschalters (5a, 5b) angeordnet ist.  Voltage limiting element (4a, 4b) between a ground side terminal of the valve coil (1 a, 1 b) and a control terminal (G) of the main switch (5a, 5b) is arranged.
6. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch eine Steuereinheit (7), die den Hauptschalter (5a, 5b) und den 6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a control unit (7), the main switch (5 a, 5 b) and the
Freilaufschalter (2a, 2b) wahlweise in einem PWM-Betrieb, in dem der Hauptschalter (5a, 5b) mit einem bestimmten Tastverhältnis ein- und ausgeschaltet wird, wobei der Freilaufschalter (2a, 2b) eingeschaltet ist, oder in einem Schaltbetrieb ansteuert, in dem der Freilaufschalter (2a, 2b) ausgeschaltet ist und den Freilaufpfad (6a, 6b) unterbricht. Freewheeling switch (2a, 2b) optionally in a PWM operation, in which the main switch (5a, 5b) is switched on and off with a certain duty ratio, wherein the freewheeling switch (2a, 2b) is turned on, or in a switching mode in which the freewheeling switch (2a, 2b) is turned off and the freewheeling path (6a, 6b) interrupts.
7. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch 7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass der Hauptschalter (5a, 5b) und/oder der  in that the main switch (5a, 5b) and / or the
Freilaufschalter (2a, 2b) Transistorschalter sind.  Freewheeling switches (2a, 2b) are transistor switches.
8. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch 8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass bei einer Auslegung für mehrere Ventile für die Spulen (1 a, 1 b) mehrerer Ventile ein einziger Freilaufschalter (2) vorgesehen ist.  characterized in that in a design for a plurality of valves for the coils (1 a, 1 b) of a plurality of valves, a single free-wheeling switch (2) is provided.
9. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch 9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass der Hauptschalter (5a, 5b) masseseitig bzgl. der Ventilspule (1 a, 1 b) angeordnet ist.  in that the main switch (5a, 5b) is arranged on the ground side with respect to the valve coil (1a, 1b).
10. Bremsanlage mit mehreren elektrisch betätigbaren Ventilen, gekennzeichnet durch eine Vorrichtung zum Ansteuern wenigstens eines Ventils nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche. 10. Brake system with a plurality of electrically actuated valves, characterized by a device for controlling at least one valve according to one of the preceding claims.
EP12805973.0A 2011-12-20 2012-11-30 Apparatus for driving electrically operable valves in various modes of operation Withdrawn EP2795636A1 (en)

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DE102011089228A DE102011089228A1 (en) 2011-12-20 2011-12-20 Device for controlling electrically actuated valves in various modes
PCT/EP2012/074108 WO2013092169A1 (en) 2011-12-20 2012-11-30 Apparatus for driving electrically operable valves in various modes of operation

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CN103999172B (en) 2017-03-08
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WO2013092169A1 (en) 2013-06-27
US20150022933A1 (en) 2015-01-22

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